A XX X

an al of the risks
E_ Signaling
the works vials
F_ B ibliography
G_
ACHS
Documents

H_ Annex support
os

Sais #len
Prevention
_ The objective of this manual is to serve as a basis for supervisors,
prevention experts and operators of companies in the construction sector to
be informed about the risks of the processes carried out during the execution
of a road works project.

In order to get the most out of this material, we recommend carrying out the
following activities:

1. Read and study the content of this manual.

2. Take into account the content to complete and improve the company's
own induction process for new workers.

3. Apply in the field the inspection guideline recommended in Annex 1 ,

which contains the critical points related to the risks of the process. The
above does not prevent the company from using its own checklist.

4. Evaluate the result of the application of the applied inspection

guideline and take action to correct deviations, either through individual or
group communications, improvement of procedures or substandard
conditions.
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Index
Introduction 03 page . The escarpment
. Recommendations for excavations, cutting and
Scope and objectives 03 page filling
. Scope and objectives . Preparation and placement of asphalt
. Scope for pavements
. Goals . Pavement concreting
. Pipe installation
The main processes . Installation of sills and sills
in road works 04 page . . Construction of civil works
. Implementation of installation of tasks . The use of machinery
. Rubbing tasks, material removal and tree felling . The use of tools and equipment
. pavement demolition . Working with explosives
. The escarpment . Storage warehouses
. Cutting or excavating land . The workshops
. Land filling and compaction . Fire prevention
. Asphalt for pavements
. Pavement concreting Signage in the
. Installation of pipes roadworks 32 page .
. Installation of sills and sills . The signage plan and security measures
. Construction of civil works . The work areas
. Signs and safety devices
Risks prevention . Basic signaling schemes
in road works 11 page . . Recommendations and duties of workers
. The design and implementation of the
slaughter facilities Bibliography 36 p.
. Electrical installations
. General measures ACHS Supporting Documents37 page
. Recommendations for operations
friction, removal of material and felling of trees
Annexes 38 p.

. pavement demolition Inspection guideline: “Verification of safety

conditions in road works.”

2
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S

A
•mm

Introduction
Road works are the construction works of a surrounding the workplace.
communication route, which may be a road, a These situations must be considered from the
railway or a viaduct. beginning of the project and included in the
technical specifications of the tenders, so that the
In their construction and conservation stages, road companies that are awarded the contracts adopt in
works present risks that can be the cause of their organization the measures and resources that
accidents with serious consequences for people, are necessary to carry out work in good conditions.
facilities, equipment and the environment acceptable safety standards.
In this sense, the development of processes to build roads, bridges or other works that have interaction with
third parties, as well as adverse weather conditions and other external factors, give rise to additional risks.

b Scope and Objectives

_
1 Scope 2 _ Objectives
Disseminate among supervisors, prevention Review the risks present in the processes
experts and operators of companies in the carried out during the execution of a road
construction sector regarding the risks of works project in the construction sector.
the processes carried out during the
execution of a road works project.

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The main processes in road

works
Road works projects are developed in several stages, depending on their complexity, extension
over time and factors related mainly to the terrain. Each stage or process has its own
characteristics that present different risks for workers, facilities, equipment and third parties
involved, so it is necessary to define and analyze each of them.

The next chapter analyzes the risk control measures applicable or recommended in each case.

1_ Implementation of installation of tasks

A work facility is the set of minimum necessary facilities used as physical support during the
development of the project and is made up of buildings or containers, sheds, installation of water,
heating, electricity, sewage, gas or other services whose purpose is to provide administrative
support. and logistical for the work, which may be offices, laboratories, parking lots, dining rooms,
booths for the caretaker or guard, warehouses, hygienic services for staff, workshops for the
maintenance of vehicles and/or machines, waste collections, collections for materials, camps,
perimeter closures, among others.

2 _ Rubbing tasks, material removal and tree felling

The natural surface of the land must be cleared of all vegetation (trees and trunks, roots, bushes,
grass). This work must be carried out in the areas intended for the construction of roads,
embankments, structures and, in general, it is carried out before the construction of the works, so
its partial execution can be scheduled according to needs.

Rubbing: Removal of plant material and garbage on the surface of the work area.

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 Machinery and tools used
The following machinery is used in this activity: motor graders, front loaders, backhoes and hopper trucks, chainsaws,
among others.

3 _ Pavement demolition

It is the demolition of existing asphalt or concrete pavements when they interfere with the
execution of the works or must be replaced by a new paving structure, considering the cutting,
demolition, removal and transportation to the authorized dump.

Machinery used
In this activity the following machinery is used: cargo trucks, mini loaders adapted with hydraulic hammer, excavators,
backhoe; and manual demolition and cutting equipment such as jackhammers and saws.

_
4 The escarpment
The escarpment is the extraction and removal of the surface layer of topsoil. It is carried out in all
those areas where embankments are supported, slopes of existing embankments in the case of
widening and in general, where indicated in the project specifications.

Machinery used

The machines used in this stage are hopper trucks, motor graders, front loaders, excavators,
tank trucks and hand tools such as saws, shovels and pickaxes.

5 _ Cutting or excavation of land

This activity considers all excavations, cuts and removal of volumes of earth or other materials to
create spaces to build the road platform. They can be open pit excavations, trench excavations,
excavation of existing bases and sub-bases, among others.

This task is necessary to reach the levels established in the project, in order to reach the
foundation seal in areas that will be paved and those where the different road infrastructure works

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will be founded.

Machinery used

The machines used in this stage are backhoes, excavators, motor graders, front loaders, hopper
trucks, tank trucks and compactor rollers, among others.

6_
Filling and compaction of land
The fills can be carried out with soil from the same excavation, from ditches or any nearby area
(treated in a site aggregates plant, in some cases), as long as they are selected clean and natural
materials that comply with the technical specifications defined in the project.

The material is placed on the ground using trucks or other dumping equipment and spread using
motor graders, loaders or other similar equipment.

This stage also includes the compaction work required to form the road platform at subgrade level,
leaving it in suitable conditions to receive the following layers, such as sub-bases, bases or any
other specified.

Friction: That which is formed by placing and compacting the material in horizontal layers. The
thickness depends on the technical specifications of the project, as well as the humidity required
by the material depending on the Proctor test (laboratory test) for maximum compaction.

To measure the humidity and density of soils, bases, concrete and asphalt, the Nuclear Density
Meter is used, which is a portable device that emits ionizing radiation and is classified as 3rd
category radioactive equipment.

Machinery used

The following machinery is used in this activity: excavators, motor graders, front loaders, hopper
trucks, tank trucks, compaction rollers, vibrating plates and topographic equipment, among
others.

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7 _ Asphalt for pavements

> First phase > Second stage

The first phase of this process is the Then the asphalt mixture of rolling and binder
application of an asphalt spray on a base or is added, which is used on the underlying
sub-base to waterproof, prevent capillarity, layer or an old pavement, in order to provide
cover and bind loose particles and provide structure to the new pavement and support
adhesion between the base or sub-base and vehicular traffic directly.
the layer immediately above.

On some occasions, asphalt mixtures can be prepared in plants installed on the same job site.
These plants combine aggregates with heated asphalt cement and carry out the drying and mixing
process.

Machinery used

Machines used in laying asphalt: Asphalt rollers, asphalt compaction rollers, primer truck, slurry
truck, finisher.

8 _ Pavement concreting
The molding system used in this process can be fixed or mobile molds and finished by hand or by
machine. Concrete curing is done with waterproof membranes, wet burlap or water mist.

Contraction and expansion joints are constructed with mechanical cutters, by sawing a slit in the
pavement using diamond concrete discs. The joints will finally be sealed.

Machinery used
Concreting: Manufacture,
Machines and tools used for Concreting: Mixer
transportation, arrangement, spreading,
truck, paving train, vibrating truss, equipment for
leveling and compacting of concrete for
curing membrane application.
pavement and sidewalks

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9 _ Pipe installation

This task consists of the installation of a set of pipes for sewage, drinking water, rainwater, canals
or others.

The process includes several operations:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Opening Fillings Sewer system Compaction Others
of ditches soil processes

^//////////////////////////////////////////////// /////////z

All of this requires adequate knowledge of subsoil conditions, so a study must be carried out to
locate existing installations, cable channels and other underground works. These pipes are
supported on a bed of sand, which is used to stabilize the bottom of the excavation and which is
built as a template on site to receive the pipe.

Machinery used

Machines and tools used for pipe laying: boom truck or crane, mobile crane, fusion equipment.

10 _ Installation of sills and sills

The screeds are used mainly for the demarcation of limits of restrictions on pavements and traffic
routes of the type that require them. In some cases, in addition to their demarcating function, they
effectively carry out rainwater conduction.

They can fulfill functions such as restriction limits for pavements, sidewalks, passages and
pedestrian circulation routes or as separation elements for gardens and squares, among others.

_
11 Construction of civil works
Civil works are complementary to road works. For example: overpasses, retaining walls in
underpasses, walkways, bridges or others, coupling and union of prefabricated reinforced

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concrete structural elements or metal drop structures.

d Risk prevention in road

works
Recurring accidents in road works
Below are indicated, as a reference, the main types of accidents that are recorded at these
tasks, which also allows preventive actions to be focused on them:

> Accidents
Generally due to unsafe actions by pedestrians and drivers or due to lack or poor
signage. The operation of trucks, machines or vehicles in reverse.

> Entrapments

Due to the moving parts of heavy equipment or machinery.

> Vehicle and heavy machinery overturns

The risk arises when machines or vehicles travel very close to the edges of a slope, on
slopes or areas that have not been leveled.

> Injuries

Visible by projection of particles (concrete, gravel, dust, etc.).

> Contacts with electricity

Due to electrical installations or tools in poor condition, without insulation or by

contacting underground electrical installations with machines.

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> Falls
And injuries in excavations, traffic areas and non-standard work surfaces (ladders, runs, scaffolding).

> Improper manual handling of cargo

Excess weight or failures in cables and mechanical lifting devices.

The risk control

> Burns measures applied at
each stage of the
Due to contact with asphalt or parts of equipment at high
project They must be
temperatures. designed according to
the physical reality of
> Injuries each task and can
consider both work and
Due to blows with equipment, machinery or tools. personal factors.

> Accidents

With third parties involved, vehicle collisions.

In some cases, these control
measures are explicitly defined in
> Inhalation of dust from the environment current legislation (such as the
Due to the transit of machines and vehicles, or due to the need to have drinking water or
movement of earth. hygienic services) and in other
cases they respond to experience
> Electrical contact during material discharge and the use of good practices.

Moment when the truck hopper may come into contact with
nearby overhead power lines.

> Poisoning

Or burns from contact with chemicals.

> Hits

Due to falling trees during handling, cutting, etc.

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1 _ The design and implementation of work facilities

Some factors that must be kept in mind for the design of the layout or floor plan of the work facility and the
traffic routes within the area:

. The location of the offices Adequate design,

. Hygienic services signage and
. The wineries
. The dining rooms maintenance of roads
. The location of the workshops
. concrete plants make it possible to
. Storage of materials control the risks of
. The traffic of people and vehicles
accidents such as run
overs, injuries when
Additionally, the design must consider:
loading and unloading
. The need for closures, entry and exit controls of trucks
and vehicles. materials, falls and
. Personnel traffic routes.
fires.
. The track width according to types of vehicles and heavy
machinery.
. The height and location of electrical or other cables that
may hinder the passage of machines or vehicles.
. The loading and unloading places of raw materials and materials in general.
. Parking places for vehicles and equipment during and after the day.
. The guard houses.

To install a site, it is necessary to have the corresponding municipal and sector permits and comply with
current regulations – for example, the General Environmental Bases Law.

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1.1
_ The provision of drinking water

Every workplace must have drinking water for human consumption, basic hygiene and personal
hygiene needs. The facilities, artifacts, pipes and complementary devices of drinking water services
must comply with current legal provisions on the matter 1 .

1.2
_ The disposal of liquid and solid waste

Flammable or explosive substances, corrosive or abrasive water, living organisms and, in general,
any substance or industrial waste that could cause a risk or damage to the health of workers or a
deterioration of the environment cannot be emptied into the public sewage network. .

1.3 _
Hygienic services and wastewater evacuation

Every workplace must be provided with hygienic services with a toilet and sink, according to the
amount established in DS 594 2 , according to the number of workers on the job.

Each toilet should be placed in a doored compartment with permanent divisions; If it is not possible to
install toilets connected to the sewer network, it is recommended to install chemical toilets.

The installation of heaters for hot water service must comply with current regulations, especially the
combustion gas discharge systems.

Where men and women work, there must be independent and separate toilet services, which must
be kept protected from the entry of vectors, in good working order and cleanliness.

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e

If you work with toxic substances or

other substances that cause body dirt,
showers with hot and cold water must
be available.

1.4 _ Cloakrooms and dining 1.5 _ The camps

rooms
In works that, for reasons of geographical
In the event that some workers require a location, are far from populated or urban
change of clothing, there must be an area centers, or others that mean that the staff
designated for a changing room. must spend the night on site, the company
has the obligation to provide the worker
When men and women work, changing with adequate and hygienic accommodation
rooms must be independent and separate. conditions 4 .
In these rooms, ventilated lockers must be
provided in a number equal to the total These facilities must comply with the
number of workers. conditions of habitability, safety and health.
Heating and/or ventilation services must
If workers are exposed to toxic or infectious also be considered according to the climatic
substances, they must have two individual, conditions of the area where the work is
separate and independent lockers, one for carried out.
work clothes and the other for regular
clothing 3 .

DS 594. Regulation on basic sanitary and environmental . DS 594. Regulation on basic sanitary and environmental
conditions in workplaces. conditions in workplaces, article 27.
. DS 594. Regulation on basic sanitary and environmental . DS 594. Regulation on basic sanitary and environmental
conditions in workplaces, article 21. conditions in workplaces, article 9.
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2_ Electrical installations
This task consists of the installation of a set of pipes for sewage, drinking water, rainwater, canals
or others.

> COMPETENT STAFF > SWITCHES

Electrical installations must be carried out by Automatic switches are installed in the general
competent and certified personnel for their distribution board to activate and cut off the energy
construction. Likewise, only equipment (boards, in case of overloads and short circuits, and
fuses, distribution and posting centers) certified for differential protections to avoid energy losses or
use should be used. PROTECT people from electrical contacts in the
event of a failure in the system.

> INTERIOR INSTALLATIONS > CERTIFIED STAFF

The laying of cables and conductors in interior All installation, modification or repair must be
installations such as offices, warehouses, carried out by qualified personnel, certified by the
workshops, dining rooms, bathrooms or others Superintendence of Electricity and Fuels (SEC) 5 .
must be done with the use of conduits, in
accordance with current technical standards.

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Y
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> CRANE INSTALLATION > RESTRICTED ACCESS
Construction work carried out near energized Access by unauthorized persons to areas where
overhead power lines must consider the location energized equipment is located must be prohibited.
planned for the installation of cranes and other fixed
equipment and the radius of action of their parts.

> > CONTACT WITH POWER LINE

INFORMATION
The electrical distribution company must be In the event that a machine comes into contact with
informed when work is carried out near energized an energized power line, its operator must remain
public lines so that it can adopt the appropriate in the machine's cab.
safety measures.

. DS 92. Regulation of electrical installers and electricians of public entertainment venues.

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3 _ General measures

Before starting work, the personnel involved must be instructed on the risks to which they are
exposed, the correct work methods and the risk prevention measures to apply in each case.

Personnel must be provided with all protective elements, with the mandatory use of a helmet,
glasses, hearing protectors, reflective vest, safety shoes and leather gloves, in addition to
what is stipulated in the Highway Manual, chapter 6.8 .

Workers involved in the assembly of structures at height must wear a safety harness attached to
a lifeline during the entire time of risk of falling.

4_
Recommendations for rubbing operations, material
removal and tree felling

To carry out this type of work, it is To minimize the occurrence of wildfires, bushes, prior to cutting them and
necessary to have municipal permits workers should be instructed not to clearing the area, especially in places
when applicable and comply with produce sparks, open flames, or smoke where there are overhead electrical
current regulations (for example, the in brush removal or tree cutting areas. wiring.
Forest Law). Determine the angle of fall of trees and

Machinery maintenance work on work fronts must be

prohibited.
Once the grinding work is completed, the material is removed
and transferred to an authorized dump site.

8 Chapter 6 of the Highway Manual, called “Road Signage”, MOP-DGOP, Directorate of Roads, Chile 2013.

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The demolition of 6 _ The escarpment
pavement
To carry out this process, vehicular and located less than 0.6 m from the edge of the
pedestrian traffic must be controlled through excavation.
the use of road signs (See Road Works
Before starting the work, fix low and high voltage
Signage Manual) with the support of a
electrical cables on the lighting poles, be aware
signalman, as established in the Highway of electrical chambers, sewage, gas supplies,
Manual, chapter 6 69 : drinking water, oil pipelines or any other
interference in the work that causes an accident.
. The cutting or demolition layout area must or material damage.
be kept fenced, marked and clear. The
transit of vehicles or outsiders is not permitted Keep the personnel involved out of the turning
inside the work area. radius of the backhoe and its boom, if it is
tracked, and out of the forward and reverse axis
. Demolition of the pavement with pneumatic
of the motor grader, not allowing personnel, not
hammers is carried out by checking the even the driver, on the sides of the trucks while
condition of the air compressor, hoses they are are loaded.
and their connections. Staff must use
hearing protectors.
. If the pavement demolition is carried out
with a hydraulic drill mounted on
machinery, it must have a qualified
operator and the hydraulic system must be
verified for leaks or oil spills.
. The removal and loading of the debris onto
a truck must be carried out in compliance
with the safety measures established for
the installation of the tent in order to cover the
hopper.
The work area must be marked and there
must also be personnel to control the exit of
trucks when they enter directly into the
circulation routes and to support the
machinery when it refers to setbacks that are
complicated by the configuration of the
terrain or the entry and transit of personnel
outside the work.

The material coming from the escarpment must

be collected within the earthworks sector and not
in the circulation routes. In this sense, the
excavated material must be collected at a
distance equal to or greater than half the depth of
the excavation. The stockpile should never be
9 Idem.
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7 _ Recommendations for excavations10 , cut and fill

•2
1D---------------------------- No person should be located on the
The material from the excavation and
edges of the excavation, at the back or Excavations must be properly protected
the fill material should be stored as far
in the vicinity of the turning radius of the around their perimeter and marked with
as possible at a distance equal to or
backhoe or boom if it is on a track, or warning or danger signs, depending on
greater than half the depth of the on the sides of the trucks when they are
their magnitude.
excavation. The stockpile should never being loaded. Before carrying out the
be located less than 0.60 m from the excavations, any risk conditions such
edge of the excavation. as electrical, aerial or underground
lines, cameras and underground lines,
whether sewage, gas, electrical or
telephone lines, must be verified. Also
verify that there are no oil pipelines in
the sector.

•4-------------------------------------------------- -5

The excavation slope must comply with the The shoring system must be complied

angle defined in the soil mechanics report, with, if the soil mechanic has

as well as the excavation depth.

10 Excavation Risk Prevention Manual. Chilean Security Association.

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established it.11 . •6
Ladders should be installed at least
every 15 m so that workers can enter
and exit the excavation.

11 For more information, review the

Excavation Risk Prevention Manual .
Chilean Security Association.

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•7 •8 •9

To determine the density of the land, the The operator must be authorized by the You should always carry your personal
nuclear densimeter 11
is used. Ministry of Health, after completing the dosimeter, and check the accumulated
radiation protection course and having dose periodically.
obtained its operating license.

Any deep excavation or trench must be marked and

10
protected by a fence, railing or other appropriate defenses

• 10 • 11 • 12
You must always comply with the When transporting the equipment, it must The densimeter must not be transported
minimum distancing for yourself and third be carried inside the box, anchored to in the vehicle cabin. It must be tied to
prevent damage or theft, and inside the
parties and mark the work area. the vehicle, with a lock and at the point of
box the emergency procedure in case of
the vehicle furthest from personnel.
theft or loss must be placed, detailing the
name of the company, emergency
telephone numbers and address. You
must also have a log that indicates days
and hours of entry and exit from the
storage warehouse site and the name of
the operator.

0. NCH349 OF. 1999. Construction. Safety provisions in

excavations.
. Decree 133, Regulation on authorizations for radioactive facilities or
equipment generating ionizing radiation, personnel who work in them
or operate such equipment and other related activities.

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8 _ The preparation and placement of asphalt for

pavements

Although asphalt, under normal environmental conditions, is considered non-toxic, its contact with
the skin can cause inflammation or dermatitis in some people. Likewise, the preparation process
and its use at high temperature and mixing with solvents may present the following risks:

Risks associated with asphalt:

1.
Dangers of
2.
Injuries from
3.
Contact at
4.
inhalation of
fire Burns discharge toxic gases

8.1 _ Fire hazards

All asphalt materials can burn if heated sufficiently. The fire risk of diluted asphalt varies
according to the class and grade of the product. Among the main factors that influence its
flammability is the volatility of the petroleum solvents mixed with the base materials.

'^/^^//////^^^^
ATTENTION
When handling these materials, the information contained in the safety sheet
provided by the manufacturer must be studied.

^/////////^^

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8.2_ Burn injuries 8.4_ Inhalation of vapors and gases
from hot asphalt
Skin contact with hot asphalt (160°C) can
cause serious burns. During the loading/unloading stages of
If molten asphalt comes into contact with the asphalt, gases and vapors emanate from
skin, it should be cooled quickly with cold asphalt cement or some of its solvents,
water, while removal of the asphalt from the which can cause dizziness or suffocation,
skin should only be carried out by a doctor. and irritation of the skin and/or eyes.

In case of extensive burns, cover with sterile If a worker comes into contact with the
cloths and take the patient immediately to material, they should immediately rinse
the hospital. their skin or eyes with plenty of running
water and soap for at least 15 minutes, in
addition to removing contaminated
8.3_ The discharge of asphalt into shoes and clothing.
ponds

When opening the lids of the tanker truck or

any container containing asphalt, the
operator should stand on the downwind side In case of inhalation of
to reduce to a minimum the danger of
inhaling the gases and vapors coming out of vapors, the affected
the tank.
worker should be
Because excess pressure from a tanker
truck can spread its contents, personnel
removed to fresh air
opening the lid should move away from and seek medical
the lid.
attention.
Removal of the cap bolts should be done slowly and workers should wear a face shield and gloves.

9 _ Pavement concreting

For concreting pavements, the areas with unevenness and working radius of the equipment must

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be delimited, verifying the stability of the slope edges for the operation of trucks and other
machines.

The operating status of the irrigation truck must be verified, such as that of the irrigation bar
nozzles and the use of visual protection elements and gloves.

_
10 Pipe installation
To guarantee the reliability of the lifting elements, the cables, slings, slings and all the elements
used must be inspected daily. The lifting elements must be certified for their use and must be
suitable for the load they must support.

The rigger or signalman is in charge of coordinating the maneuvers with the crane operator for
the installation of the pipes. For tasks with the risk of falling from an uneven level, the signalman
must use a safety harness with its respective strobe and lifeline.

11 _ The installation of sills and sills

When unloading the sills and/or sills from the truck, workers must take caution to avoid
overexertion that could cause injuries. If the weight of the items exceeds 50 kg, they must be
transported by two people.

When making cuts to these elements, respiratory and hearing protection must be used.

_
12 The construction of civil works
Due to the great variety of civil works that may be required during the execution of a project,
specialists must carry out detailed analyzes of the risks present in each case, according to their
nature, scope and form of work, and develop work procedures. safe and instruct the workers who
participate in its execution.

In general, the use of scaffolding and work platforms is regulated by technical standards.

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13 _ The use of machinery

During the development of a road works The insurance company must develop work
project, the use of various types of machinery procedures and personnel must have and carry the
appropriate driver's license and with training that
is required, which must be maintained guarantees a level of competencies appropriate for
according to the standards defined by the this function.
manufacturer. Likewise, for its operation
>1 >2 >3
Trucks and heavy machinery must In the case of truck loading, this must Trucks, after unloading the material,
have their circulation permits and be done with caution so that materials must immediately lower the hopper
technical inspection up to date and or debris do not fall on people. The before leaving the unloading location,
transfer must be carried out with the
have a backup alarm. and not advance with the hopper
hopper covered to avoid material falling
raised.
during the journey, while the load of the
hopper trucks must not exceed the
maximum capacity limits.

>4 >5 >6

The presence of people other than the Machine operators must keep The maximum speeds allowed inside
operator must not be allowed in the platforms, steps and workplaces free of and outside the site must be
machine cabins, steps, structure or on grease, oil or mud and wear non-slip established, signposted, instructed to
safety shoes. All equipment must have
the load. operators and must be controlled.
handrails, steps and handles to prevent
falls.

>7 >8
Special care must be taken during fuel loading operations in Mechanical inspection and maintenance must be carried out
vehicles in order to avoid a fire. by qualified personnel in order to avoid accidents due to
entrapment or contact with hot surfaces.

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14 _ The use of tools and equipment

The most used tools and equipment in road work tasks are: pavement cutter, vibro-
rammer, plate compactor, demolition hammer, immersion vibrator (electric and gasoline)
and generators, among others.

Operators must be trained in the use of each tool or equipment.

Tools and equipment must be connected through a plug to the

temporary panel. In no case should it be connected directly to the
conductors.

For mobile equipment and tools, conductors, extensions and plugs

must be used that are resistant to humidity, wear, corrosive agents and
of adequate mechanical resistance.

Inspect equipment daily. The worker who will operate them must check
if it has a ground connection, the condition of its cable and plug, and if
its casing and handle are in good condition.

When equipment with a fixed motor is installed, a panel with a

thermomagnetic circuit breaker of adequate capacity must be located
within reach of the operator, and must have a start and stop switch.
The use of circuit breakers as motor switches is not accepted.

The piping from the control panel to the engine must be protected from
impacts, abrasion, acids, oils or other corrosive agents.

Tools or equipment with gasoline or diesel engines should be used in

ventilated places to avoid exposing workers to carbon monoxide
poisoning.

Fuel must be filled with the engine stopped and, before resuming work,
>8 any fuel spills that may exist must be cleaned.

The worker who operates the tools or equipment must be instructed in

their use and must have the corresponding protective elements,
respiratory and hearing protection.

Maintenance personnel in general must have instruction on the

equipment for repair or inspection, which must be de-energized,
>1 placing “Do not operate” cards on the switches and panels before the
0
intervention.

2
8
 E
S

_
15 Working with explosives12
The personnel that handles, programs and extinguishers and must carry a flag with the
calculates the use of explosives must be regulatory colors.
registered with the General Directorate of . Vehicles must be fueled before loading
National Mobilization and the companies explosives.
The explosives must be transported separately
that handle explosives must be registered
from the detonators, they must be wedged and
with the competent authority as well as
tied, and only 80% of the truck's capacity will
their workers, who must have their license.
be used.
To transport explosives, you must have a free
To load or unload the trucks, they must be
transit guide.
located at a minimum distance of four meters
from the place where the explosives are
. For the transport of explosives, the good stored, and the loading and unloading must be
general, mechanical and electrical carried out by authorized personnel and with
condition of the vehicles must be
natural light.
guaranteed, their body must be made of
The place where explosives are stored must
material with antistatic characteristics (that
does not produce sparks), closed and the be approved by resolution of the General
surfaces must be clean and dry. Directorate of Recruitment of the Armed
Additionally, it must have a grounding Forces, and the magazine must meet certain
device for static electricity. Engine exhaust requirements, according to Law 17,798.
pipes must have spark suppression Frozen, exuded or damaged explosives cannot
devices. be delivered to workers.
. Vehicles must carry at least two fire In the event of an electrical storm in the area,

12 Decree 400, year 1978, Establishes consolidated, coordinated and systematized text of Law No. 17,798, on arms control. Supreme
Decree No. 77 Complementary Regulation of Law No. 17,798 on arms control and similar elements of the Ministry of National Defense,
Undersecretary of War.

29
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the use of explosives must be suspended.

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16 _ Electrical installations

Warehouses must have sufficient space for truck access, equipped with unloading platforms or
forklifts, if the volumes and quantity of the cargo justify it. The interior area must be calculated for
storage, personnel traffic, and access for smaller vehicles for material handling.

Additionally, storage warehouses must:

>1 >2
Have good ventilation and lighting and Have hand scales designed to Have chemical powder

avoid storing flammable materials and reach upper shelves. extinguishers inside and near the

liquids inside warehouses of common reception area. In the vicinity of

materials. Minor items and spare parts these fuel warehouses, at least

should be placed on firm and orderly Multipurpose Dry Chemical

shelves. Powder equipment must be

available, with an extinguishing
capacity of no less than 4A:40B:C,
spaced no more than 15 m, the
number of which will depend on
Keep closed and with the electrical
the surface of the area. protected.
power cut off from the exterior panel
outside of working hours.

If a nuclear densimeter needs to be stored, it must be in bunkers (solid warehouses) authorized

by the SEREMI de Salud, and in which the radioactive risk is indicated.

Compressed gases, oxygen and acetylene are located near the workshops, outside them,
protected from heat and marked. The premises must be ventilated, placing oxygen and acetylene
in separate rooms. Cylinders must be kept with their lids permanently, especially when
transported or handled.

31
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e
s

The storage of combustible and/or gaseous

materials must be carried out in premises
The gases are those used
specially designed for this purpose, maintaining a in construction (oxygen,
minimum of flammable materials inside.
acetylene, propane gas,
butane, etc.).
13/14
General requirements of a fuel warehouse
:
Prevent the entry of unauthorized people.
. It must be an independent and exclusive
In the case of flammable products, all electrical
venue.
or lighting equipment or installation must be
. Its perimeter walls must have a fire resistance
appropriate for environments with risk of
of at least 120 minutes.
. Its roof must be light and non-combustible. explosion. For storage warehouses, where
transfers are not carried out, the ventilation
. The cellar access door must be non-
system can be natural by means of louvers
combustible and open to the outside.
distributed uniformly in the lower part of the
. Warehouses that store liquid chemical
perimeter walls to facilitate the entry of makeup
products must have a spill control system to
air into the interior of the warehouse. This allows
control and contain any leaks or spills
vapors and gases to escape through egress
resulting from overturning or breaking
containers. lattices located in the pediments or in the upper
parts of its walls.
. For transfer tasks, drums must be placed on
Safety sheets for each product must be available
metal stands outside the warehouse, with a
on site.
container in the unloading area to catch leaks
All containers must have their technical name
or losses when unloading or during transfer
tasks. and indicate whether they are flammable.
The storage of liquid fuels greater than 1.1 m3,
. External signage with signs warning of the
for vehicle supply or for own consumption, in
risk of fire: “Flammable – Do not smoke or
buried or surface tanks, must be declared before
use open flames.”
. Placing chemical powder extinguishers
outside the premises.
the SEC.131415 .

15. Exempt Resolution No. 2082, Superintendency of Electricity and Fuels.

13 DS 47 year 1992, General Urban Planning and Construction Ordinance, Ministry of Housing and Urban Planning.
14 Safe Storage of Chemicals Manual
15dangerous, Subdepartment of Risk Prevention and Occupational Health, Regional Ministerial Secretary of Health Metropolitan Region.
 p Risk prevention on construction
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17 _
The workshops

Mechanical, electrical, concrete iron preparation, carpentry and signage workshops must be built
in strategic locations previously analyzed in order to facilitate access, avoid noise and smoke
pollution to the office sectors and control the spread of fires.

> 1D-------------- >2 >3

The workshops must remain in a
Hot work in these areas, arc welding, Machines, equipment and tools
condition of order and cleanliness of
grinding, flame cutting, must be carried such as pedestal grinders, hand
the floors, materials and equipment.
out in places protected with screens, with grinders and circular saws must
sockets for machines, counters, floors have their respective protections to
and non-combustible walls. These control the projection of particles
workshops must have good ventilation, and the contact of hands with their
natural or forced, for fume extraction. moving parts.

>4D--------------------- >5
To use reflective paints, inhalation of vapor or spray mist must
When welding or oxy-cutting on elements that contain
be avoided, and when applied with a spray gun, the worker
reflective paints, respiratory protection must be used, due to
must use respiratory and visual protection. The evaluation of
the dust and smoke that will be released, and it must be done
the specific risks of these products must be carried out through
in a well-ventilated place.
the use of the safety sheets provided by their suppliers.

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18 _
Fire prevention

During the execution of a road works project, fire risks arise that can affect facilities and equipment.
Among the main control measures to prevent its occurrence are indicated below:

Keep workplaces clean and remove garbage in places where explosive mixtures are present.
periodically, while rags soaked in oil or grease and
other combustible substances should be placed in Know the electrical capacity of the circuits so as not
covered containers and emptied regularly. to overload and overheat the electrical conductors.
Never change a lower amperage fuse for one with a
Prohibit smoking in places where fuels, hydraulic higher amperage.
oils are worked or stored, and explosives are
handled or transported. Avoid improvised installations on already calculated
circuits.
When using flammable substances, good
ventilation must be provided. In addition, containers Hot work (welding, oxycutting) must be controlled. It
containing flammable liquids must be grounded to is recommended to use a hot work permit
avoid sparks due to static electricity.
procedure, especially when these are carried out in
the vicinity of combustible materials or machines.
Repair electrical installations and equipment that
have damaged insulation.
Control the use and storage of the fuel gases used
(acetylene, liquefied gas) in accordance with the
Eliminate or repair defective tools or electrical
provisions of Chilean NCh standards.
equipment, as they can cause explosions and fires

3
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Signage in road works

A special type of risk control measures in road works is related to the signaling systems used
to prevent and warn third parties, pedestrians, drivers and workers about the existence of
dangers arising from the work.

Current legislation 16 clearly indicates that anyone carrying out work on public roads is
obliged to install and maintain, day and night, signage and safety measures appropriate
to the nature of the work.

Regarding the responsibility for damages caused in accidents due to non-compliance with the
provisions of the previous paragraph, this falls on those who execute the work and those who
commission it.

The purpose of this chapter is to define the concepts and technical indications related to
signaling and its security measures.

1_
The signage plan and security measures
In accordance with the provisions of current legislation, whoever carries out work on public
roads, whether streets or roads, must develop a signage plan and safety measures.

The signage plan for the work establishes how the normal movement of vehicles, cyclists and
pedestrians will be affected and the measures to mitigate adverse effects. You must consider
all the construction phases that the work entails and how the signage and safety devices will
evolve according to said changes.

to. Definition

Signage and safety measures plan: Document that clearly establishes the way in which
road safety will be addressed as a result of the execution of work. This document will be
prepared by an accredited professional in the field and will have to be approved by the
respective entity or the Highway Department.

A
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 The work areas

It is essential to identify the work area on the road. Areas in the work zone
f.01
From the point of view of road safety, areas or
sectors are defined that allow, as a whole, to
improve the operating conditions and the safety of
the different users.

>1
Warning zone: That prior to geometric changes. There is no
construction in this area and it is used to warn users that
©
road conditions will change. In this area, the driver must
Channelin
modify his or her driving style and be attentive, following the g Element
indications of the signs provided. What the driver must
understand is that the use of the tracks and the maximum
speed at which they must travel will probably change. At the
beginning of this warning zone there will always be the sign
“Road Work”, the first temporary sign in all types of work.
Safety
Length

>2
Transition zone: That in which vehicles begin to gradually
deviate towards the lanes that have been left for circulation.
This is the beginning of the detour and must be done with
channeling elements, as described later. This area is also
Transition
known as the initial wedge. Length

>3
Safety zone: Protection area that separates traffic from the
work area. Its purpose is to have a clear sector in case a
driver who accidentally crosses this area has enough space
to exit it before entering the work area.

Lenght of
Warning

16. Chapter 6 of the Highway Manual, called “Road Signage”,

MOP-DGOP, Directorate of Roads, Chile 2013.

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> 6D
>4 >5
End of work zones: Area used for
Work area: That intended for Transit zone: That intended for traffic to return to the traffic
works, worker operations, vehicular flow, it being necessary to conditions it had before the work
machinery and materials collection. set and sign the maximum speed at
zone.
which it must be traveled through.
If required, restraint barriers should
This speed must be credible and
be included when the risk of falling
corresponds to the maximum speed
is significant or when it is required at which vehicles can travel safely.
to provide additional protection to
workers who, due to the nature of
the work, get too close to the traffic
area.

_ 4_
3 The signs and The schemes
safety devices signaling basics
To enable each of the work areas on The most common schemes used in
the road, it is necessary to install works carried out in urban or rural
different types of signs and elements: areas are shown in the ACHS
Signage Manual for Road Works.
. Vertical signs
. Pipeline elements
. Demarcations
. Traffic control systems
. Elements to increase the visibility
of workers and vehicles

These types of signals and devices are described in detail in Annex 1 .

A
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Recommendations and duties
from the workers
To avoid incidents that could cause injuries to workers, general instructions must be established:

Do not cross the security zone Personal protective equipment Do not cross the traffic area
unless absolutely necessary and must be used and available at all unexpectedly.
with the utmost caution. times.

Keep the security area clear and Do not carry out traffic control Maintain respect for pedestrians
clean. tasks if you do not have adequate and cyclists.
training.

A
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Heavy machinery operators must A traffic control crew must be in
take extreme driving precautions charge of and keep signage
and consider that third-party traffic related to the work in good
condition and in place.
will be at a speed

elderly.

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Bibliography
NCh 349 Of.1999. Construction . Safety provisions in excavation.

NCh 1508 Of.2008. Geotechnics. Study of soil mechanics.

Supreme Decree No. 594. Regulation on basic sanitary and environmental conditions in
workplaces.

Chapter 6 of the Highway Manual, called “Road Signage”, MOP-DGOP- Directorate of

Highways- Chile 2013.

NCh Elec. 4/2003. Electricity. Low voltage consumption installations.

NCh.350 Of.2000. Construction. Security. Temporary electrical installations – Requirements.

Decree 400, year 1978. Establishes consolidated, coordinated and systematized text of Law
No. 17,798, on arms control.

Supreme Decree No. 77. Complementary regulation of Law No. 17,798 on weapons control
and similar elements of the Ministry of National Defense. Undersecretary of War.

DS 47, year 1992. General Urban Planning and Construction Ordinance. Ministry of housing
and urbanism.

Manual for safe storage of hazardous chemicals. Risk Prevention and Occupational Health
Subdepartment, Regional Ministerial Secretary of Health Metropolitan Region.

Decree 78, year 2012. Traffic Signaling Manual. Ministry of Transport and
Telecommunications.

F
36
 ES

ACHS Supporting
Documents
. Data sheet:
A. Channeling elements.
B. Vertical signs.
C. Traffic control systems.
D. Types of soil.
E. Slopes.
F. Shoring.

. File by Job:
G. Compactor roller operator.
H. Vibrating plate operator.
I. Backhoe operator.
J. Mini loader operator.
K. Hopper truck operator.
L. Front loader operator.
M. Nuclear densimeter operator.
N. Bulldozer operator.
O. Motor grader operator.
P. Excavator operator.

. Risk Prevention Course in Road Works.

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Annexes

Appendix 1
Inspection guideline
“Verification of safety conditions in road works”
CODE LV-037 V_01

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Appendix 1
Inspection guideline
“Safety conditions for work at height.”

Company
Associated Company Number
Ruth
Branch Address
Commune
No. Workers No. of Own Workers: No. of Contractor Workers:
ACHS Expert Name
Agency

OBJECTIVE: Verify compliance with the safety conditions necessary for the Road Works process.

SCOPE: This list applies to all construction companies associated with the ACHS, which carry out Road Works.

SELECT YOUR ANSWER FROM THE COMPLIMENTARY BOX

COMPL LEGAL
1. INSTALLATION OF WORKS. GUIDANCE / EVIDENCE OBSERVATIONS
Y REGULAT
YES/NO ION
1. Does the work facility have perimeter fences? NCh 348
Verify on the ground.
Of.1999

2. Is there entry and exit control of Request entry records and

vehicles? Vehicles exit.

Highway
3. Do you have properly signposted pedestrian
Manual Verify on the ground.
traffic routes?
Cap.6/2013

4. Is the electrical installation at work approved by NCh 350 Request Annex 1 granted by the Superintendence of
the competent authority? Of.2000 Electricity and Fuels.

5. Are the electrical installations located by air, do

NCh 350
they not hinder the transit of vehicles and heavy Verify on the ground.
Of.2000
machinery?

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6. Is there a specific place for parking locked
vehicles and machinery during and after the work
day? Verify on the ground.

7. Do you keep portable fire extinguishers in Verify on the ground.

case of fire? Fire extinguishers must be
certified and maintenance must
be performed at least once a
DS 594
year.
Art.45
8. Do you have a designated and marked area
for loading and unloading materials?

9. Are there separate warehouses for Verify on the ground.

combustible, flammable materials or other
dangerous substances? DS 594
Art.42
COMPL LEGAL OBSERVATION
2. SUPPLY OF DRINKING WATER GUIDANCE/EVIDENCE
Y REGULAT S
YES/NO DS 594
ION
10. Do you have a supply of drinking water for
human consumption, basic hygiene and personal Art.12 Verify on the ground.
hygiene needs?

11.Are waters other than those from the drinking DS 594

Art.13 Request water analysis records.
water network controlled bacteriologically, thus
avoiding biological risks for workers?

12.Are the water distribution networks, other than

DS 594
those for drinking water, independent of it, without Art.12
any type of union?

Law 20,001
13. Is the distribution of drinking water on the Year 2005
ground in drums that do not exceed 50 liters?
Verify on the ground.
14. Are the drums labeled on both sides indicating
“Drinking Water” and the number of liters?

15. Do the drums that are on the ground have a

protection house to maintain the temperature and
quality of the water?

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 yes

3. DISPOSAL OF LIQUID AND SOLID COMPL LEGAL OBSERVATION

INDUSTRIAL WASTE Y REGULA GUIDANCE/EVIDENCE S
YES/NO TION
16. Are liquid waste of industrial origin removed Request health authorization
from the site by a company authorized by the DS 594
from the company that carries out
Art. 19
corresponding Seremi de Salud? treatment, transportation and final
disposal of liquid waste.

17. Does solid waste of industrial origin, Request health authorization

They are removed from work by a DS 594 of the company that carries out
company authorized by the Seremi de Salud Art. 19 transportation and final disposal
corresponding? of solid waste.

COMPL LEGAL OBSERVATION

4. HYGIENIC SERVICES GUIDANCE/EVIDENCE
Y REGULA S
YES/NO TION
18. Do you have the number of toilets and DS 594
sinks suitable for all workers? Art.23

19. Do the toilets have a compartment with a door DS 594

and permanent divisions? Art.21
Verify on the ground.
20. Do you have showers with cold water and DS 594
hot? Art.21

ns 594
21. In the event that men and women work? DS 594
Women, do you have separate toilet services?
Art.22

DS 594 Request deratization records.

22. Are the toilets free of vectors, with their
Art.24
facilities in good condition and clean?

23. Are there areas for changing rooms? DS 594

Art.27

24. Are the men's and women's locker rooms DS 594

women are separated? Art.27

25. Are there chemical toilets in places where it is Verify on the ground.
not possible to install toilets connected to the DS 594
Art.24
sewer network?

ns 594
26. Are the toilets and/or bathrooms D.5

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chemicals are located less than 75 m. of the work
area? Art.25

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 COMPL LEGAL OBSERVATION
5. FIELD WORK Y REGULAT GUIDANCE/EVIDENCE S
YES/NO ION
27. Have the hazards been identified and the risks Request hazard identification

of the tasks to be carried out evaluated? matrix and risk assessment of

the work.

28. Have the workers who carry out tasks in road

works received training and instruction to carry out
the work? Request training registration.

Highway
Verify in the field that workers
Manual
29. Do workers have appropriate personal use a helmet, safety shoes,
Cap.6/2013
protection elements to perform tasks? goggles, reflective vest or other
appropriate element.

30. Does the supervisor inspect the work?

Request record of inspections.

31. For concreting work, is there a safe work
procedure? Request a safe work procedure
for concreting the work.
Request a safe work procedure
32. For asphalt work, is there a safe work for concreting the work.
procedure?

Request Emergency Plan for the

33. Do you have an Emergency Plan, written,
work.
verified, practiced and disseminated, according to
the risks present in road work?
NCh 436
Year 2000
6. MACHINES, EQUIPMENT AND COMPL LEGAL OBSERVATION
TOOLS Y REGULAT GUIDANCE/EVIDENCE S
YES/NO ION
Verify in the field that they are working correctly, that
the casings are not cracked, that the cables and plugs are in good condition, etc.
34. Are the equipment, tools and machines used DS 594
in road work in good condition? Art 36

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35. Is there an inspection program for machines, Request a work inspection

equipment and tools? program.

36. Do the machines and trucks have backup

alarms and beacons? Verify on the ground.

37. Do the machines and trucks have their NCh 349

Year 1999 Request documents for
circulation permit and technical inspection up to
machines and trucks.
date?

38. Do machine and truck operators have a valid Request operators license.
driver's license?
COMPL LEGAL OBSERVATION
7. ROAD SIGNAGE GUIDANCE/EVIDENCE
Y REGULAT S
YES/NO ION
39. Do you have a signage plan and safety
Request the written document.
measures for the work?

40. Is the signage and safety measures plan

Verify that the document is
approved by the Highway Department or another
approved.
entity?
Manual of
Highway
41.Is the area where the road works work is
Cap.6/2013
carried out properly signposted and demarcated Verify on the ground.
according to the Signage Plan?

42. Does it have night signage? Verify on the ground.

43. Do flaggers have eye contact or

communication equipment? Verify on the ground.

44. Have the flaggers passed the course that Request training registration.
DS 78
accredits them as such?
Of.2000 MTT

45. Is the flagger's clothing complete, reflective

Verify on the ground.
and orange?

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 COMPL LEGAL OBSERVATION
8. NUCLEAR DENSIMETER GUIDANCE/EVIDENCE
Y REGULAT S
46. Is the operator of the nuclear densimeter YES/NO ION
Request a license from the
authorized by the Ministry of Health?
densimeter operator.

47. Does the operator carry his personal

Verify on the ground.
dosimeter?

48. Is the work area marked? Verify on the ground.

49. Is the densimeter storage cellar made of solid

material and is it marked? Verify on the ground.

50. Is the winery authorized by the corresponding Request authorization

Health Service? registration.

COMPL LEGAL OBSERVATION

9. EXPLOSIVES GUIDANCE/EVIDENCE
Y REGULAT S
YES/NO ION Request a safe work procedure
DS 298 on the transportation of
51. Is there a transportation procedure?
Of. 1994
explosives.

DS 78
Of.2009 Request explosive storage
52. Is there a storage procedure?
MINSAL procedure.

Request a safe work procedure

53. Is there a procedure for its use? on the use of explosives.

54. Do the operators have a license to use DS 77

Request operator license.
explosives? Art.72

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