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Module 03 - Orthographic Views Dimensioning and Section Views

Orthographic view

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Saravanan Natesan Rajendran
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36 views25 pages

Module 03 - Orthographic Views Dimensioning and Section Views

Orthographic view

Uploaded by

Saravanan Natesan Rajendran
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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East Tennessee State University

Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University

ENGR 1110: Engineering Graphics

2022

Module 03: Orthographic Views, Dimensioning, and Section Views


Leendert Craig

Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.etsu.edu/engr-1110-oer

Part of the Engineering Education Commons

Recommended Citation
Craig, Leendert. 2022. Module 03: Orthographic Views, Dimensioning, and Section Views. ENGR 1110:
Engineering Graphics.
https://dc.etsu.edu/engr-1110-oer/4

This Instructional Materials is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ East Tennessee
State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in ENGR 1110: Engineering Graphics by an authorized
administrator of Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. For more information, please contact
[email protected].
Orthographic Views
and Dimensioning

The presentation and images by East Tennessee State University are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
International License unless noted otherwise.
Line Types

Thick
Visible
Approx. width 0.6 mm (0.024”)

Leaders:
Thin
Extension. Approx. width 0.3 mm (0.012”)
Thin
Dimension. Value
Approx. width 0.3 mm (0.012”)
Line Types

Center Chain
Phantom

Hidden

Section
Planes:

Cutting

Viewing
Normally drawn Orthographic Views
views:
Top
Front
Right side Top
That form L
shape.
Other Views: Rear Left Front Right
Rear
Left
Bottom
Bottom Title Block

Drawn when
required.
Dimensional Data is added only to Orthographic drawings.
There are 3 distinct line weights to be
aware of:
Object lines are .030-.040” thick.
Extension, Dimension, and center lines
(.007-.010”).

Hidden lines are


.015-.020”
Dimensioning –Basic Guidelines

1. Every characteristic must be dimensioned.


2. Once.
3. Place in the location and component view
where it contributes most to clarity.
4. Only Orthographic views should be dimensioned.
5. Dimensions should not be placed within the
component unless it contributes to clarity.
Under-dimensioning & Over-dimensioning
UNDER–Dimensioning-The failure to have
every characteristic fully dimensioned
on a drawing.
This causes a lack of clarity and precision.
OVER-DIMENSIONING – providing
the same dimension
more than once.
Creates clutter and loss of
clarity.
Arrowheads

R 8.5
Arrowheads are used as terminators on
dimension lines.
The arrowheads points must make contact with
the feature object line or extension lines
which represent the feature being
dimensioned. 20
Dimension Lines & Extension Lines
Extension lines overlap dimension lines 3
(beyond the point of the arrowheads)
by a distance of roughly 2-3mm

There should be a visible gap (~1.5 mm) 1.5


between the object lines and the
beginning of each extension line.

Where possible, dimensions should be


placed outside the actual part outline.
Dimensions should not be placed within the part boundaries unless
greater clarity would result (i.e. interior rooms on a floor plan).
Dimension Lines & Extension Lines
Extension lines overlap dimension lines 1.75
(beyond the point of the arrowheads)
by a distance of roughly 2-3mm

There should be a visible gap (~1.5 mm) 1.06 1.06


between the object lines and the
beginning of each extension line.

Where possible, dimensions should be


placed outside the actual part outline.
Dimensions should not be placed within the part boundaries unless
greater clarity would result (i.e. interior rooms on a floor plan).
Typical Dimensioning Process
1.438 1.250
Start
1.000
here
1.875
.688 1.062

2.312
4.375

Start in one corner, and work clockwise


(or counter clockwise) around the component.
The goal is to end up with all necessary dimensions,
without overdimensioning the component.
Section Views.
Scaled Drawings From Multiple Views.

The presentation and images by East Tennessee State University are licensed under a Creative
Commons Attribution 4.0 International License unless noted otherwise.
Section Views:
Section views are used to clarify internal detail and to
avoid dimensioning to hidden lines.

A A
The are established by
referencing a cutting
plane.
Cutting planes depict the
exact location on the part
from which the section
view will be projected.
Associated arrowheads,
indicate the direction A-A
from which the section SECTION

view will be observed.


Section Views:
Section views are used to clarify internal detail and to
avoid dimensioning to hidden lines.

A A
Cutting planes are
constructed as an
integral feature of the
parent view, and cutting
plane.
Arrowheads always indicate
the direction for the
observer’s line of sight. SECTION A-A
Line
Line Types
Types:
Example of Section View:
Figure (A) is a side view without
being sectioned.
– Hidden lines poorly display
the interior.
Figure (B) shows the same object
after it is fully sectioned.
– Cutting plane displays
complete bisection of the
object.
– Section B–B provide
improved view of interior.
Common Section Types:
Half Section:
Half section views are the result of cutting planes being
positioned on parts in such a manner that only half of the
resulting view or projection is shown in section.

NOTE: It is acceptable to omit hidden lines in the section view,


for the sake of clarity.
Offset Sections:
Offset sections allow us to strategically cut to provide
greater breadth of detail with fewer section views.
All of the features are aligned with the cutting plane.
Uses 90° turns in the cutting plane to access details.
Cutting Plane:
Alpha Characters A - A, B - B, C – C*, etc., are used to
designate the required section view. The
characters are placed near the arrowheads and as
a subtitle of the view.
There is no “standard” for the location of the section
designators, other than near the cutting plane
arrowheads—as the examples below illustrate.
Cutting plane on reference view.
A A
Subtitle of actual view SECTION A-A
Cutting Plane:
When the alphabet has been exhausted, use double
characters AA - AA, BB - BB, CC – CC*, etc.
*Section Designators should NOT include the alpha
characters I, O, or Q.

Cutting plane on reference view.


A A
Subtitle of actual view SECTION A-A
Crosshatching Section Views:
Crosshatching, is a repeating graphic pattern which is applied
throughout all areas of the part that would be in contact with
the cutting plane. Thus, the hole is not crosshatched.
The recommended angle for the standard crosshatch pattern is 45,
30, or 60 degrees with horizontal.
Similarly, crosshatch lines should be neither parallel nor
perpendicular to the outline of the feature in section—if
avoidable (see the examples below).

Good Practice Poor Practice Poor Practice


Cross Hatch Standards:
The general purpose cross hatch is used in most
individual detail component drawings and in
assembly applications where no confusion will
result.
Each of the assembled components are depicted
with a different crosshatch angle to assist in part
differentiation.
Specific crosshatch symbols are sometimes used to
represent each different material type.
Cross Hatch Symbols:

Cast Iron (General Use) White Metal (Zinc) Sand

Steel Magnesium, Aluminum Titanium

Felt, Leather, & Fiber Bronze, Brass, etc. Concrete

Marble, Slate, Glass, etc. Water, Liquids Wood; Cross Grain w/ Grain

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