Lesson 1

Lesson 1: Generalities about Administration

The etymological definition is the most common form of the nominal definition,
that is, the explanation of the origin of the word that designates what is studied, using
the phonetic elements that form it.

In this way the true meaning of that word and the concept that that same word
expresses is usually found.

The word administration is formed from the prefix ad, towards, and ministratio.
This last word in turn comes from minister, a word composed of minus,
comparative of inferiority, and the suffix ter, which serves as a term of
comparison.

The etymology of minister is entirely opposite to that of magister: from magis,

comparative of superiority, and from ter.

Thus magister indicates a function of authority, minister expresses precisely the

opposite; subordination: one who performs a function under the command of another;
one who provides a service to another.

The etymology therefore gives us the idea that administration refers to a function that
is carried out under the command of another, of a service that is provided.

However, administration can be defined in various ways, like many other areas of
human knowledge, but it is possible to conceptualize it for the purposes of easy
understanding and including its most important aspects through the analysis and
synthesis of various specialists in the field:

Brook Adams . The ability to skillfully coordinate many often conflicting social
energies into a single organism so that they can operate as a single unit.

Koontz & O'Donnell . The direction of a social organism, and its effectiveness in
achieving its objectives, based on the ability to lead its members.

George Terry. Administration consists of achieving a predetermined objective,

through the efforts of others.

Henry Fayol . To manage is to anticipate, organize, command, coordinate and

control.

Wilburg Jimenez Castro . In "The key to success", based on the previous concepts,
and making use of their common fund, the following definition is proposed:

"The process of anticipating, planning, organizing, integrating, directing and

controlling the work of the elements of the organization and of using available
resources to achieve pre-established objectives . "
What is the importance of administration?

The same concepts and purposes analyzed for structuring a definition of

administration give us the guideline to determine its importance.
The conditions that prevail in this current time of crisis, as well as the need for
coexistence and group work, require an efficient application of this discipline that
will be reflected in the productivity and efficiency of the institution or company that
requires it.

To demonstrate the above, the following facts can be taken as a basis:

 Administration can occur wherever there is a social organism, and according

to its complexity, it will be more necessary.
 A social organism depends, for its success, on good administration, since only
through it is it possible to make good use of material, human, etc. resources.
that that organization has.
 In large companies is where the administrative function is mostly manifested.
Due to its magnitude and complexity, technical or scientific administration is
essential, without it they could not act.
 For small and medium-sized companies, administration is also important,
because by improving it they obtain a higher level of competitiveness, since
their elements are better coordinated: machinery, labor, market, etc.
 The increase in productivity, in the social economic field, is always a source
of concern, however, with adequate administration the panorama changes,
having repercussions not only on the company, but on the entire society.
 For all countries, improving the quality of administration is an essential
requirement, because it is necessary to coordinate all the elements that
intervene in it in order to create the essential bases of development such as:
capitalization, the qualification of its workers and employees, etc. .

What are the characteristics of the administration?

It has been indicated that administration provides the basic principles through whose
application it is possible to achieve success in the management of individuals
organized in a formal group that has common objectives.
It is now necessary to add to such concepts the characteristics of administration,
which are:

 Universality . The administrative phenomenon occurs wherever there is a

social organism, because there must always be systematic coordination of
means. Administration occurs for the same reason in the State, in the army, in
the company, in educational institutions, in a religious community, etc.
 Its specificity . Although administration is always accompanied by other
phenomena of a different nature, the administrative element is specific and
different from those it accompanies. You can be a wonderful production
engineer and a terrible administrator.
 Your temporary unit l. Although there are different stages, phases and
elements of the administrative phenomenon, it is unique and, for this reason,
at every moment of the operation of an organization, all or most of the
 administrative elements are occurring, to a greater or lesser extent. Thus,
when making plans, one does not stop commanding, controlling, organizing,
etc. For this reason, it can be said that it is an interactive and dynamic process.
 Its hierarchical unit . All of them have the character of bosses in a social
organization, they participate in various degrees and modalities in the same
administration. Thus, in an organization they form a single administrative
body, from the President to the last supervisor.

Lesson 2

Lesson 2: Efficiency, Effectiveness and Productivity

There are some terms in Administration that are widely used, both because of their impact on
the daily activity of the company and because of their applicability. These are the terms of
efficiency, effectiveness and productivity, which refer to:

 Efficiency : consists of achieving the goals established in the company.

 Efficiency : consists of achieving goals with the least amount of resources. Note that
the key point in this definition is saving or reducing resources to a minimum.
 Productivity : consists of the product-input relationship in a specific period with
adequate quality control.
Productivity can be expressed in the following equation:

By carefully observing the previous formula, it can be inferred that productivity

can be high when:
1. Inputs are reduced and the same products are maintained .
2. Products are increased and inputs to produce them are reduced .
3. Products are increased with the same inputs.

Sergio Hernández y Rodríguez establishes that productivity can be measured in relation to

the totality of inputs used, or to that of some in particular. Generically, inputs are
divided into materials, machines and labor.
Sergio Hernández y Rodríguez provides the following examples of productivity in each of the
mentioned inputs:

Productivity of materials.
If a skilled tailor is able to cut 11 suits with a piece of fabric from which a less skilled tailor
can only cut ten suits, it can be said that, in the hands of the skilled tailor, the piece was used
with ten percent more productivity.

Machine productivity.
If a machine or tool produced one hundred pieces for each day of work, and increased its
production to 120 pieces in the same time, thanks to the use of better cutting tools, the
productivity of that machine will have increased by twenty percent.
Labor productivity.
If a potter produced 30 dishes per hour and by adopting more perfected work methods he
managed to produce 40, his productivity would have increased by 33.33 percent.

Lesson 3

Lesson 3: Business environment

As you can imagine, no one is operating alone within economic activity. There is a great variety
of elements that come together and affect the company; we are referring to the environment in
which the organization operates.

The organization's environment can be defined as all the elements that significantly
influence the daily operations of the company, dividing them into two: Macroenvironment
and Microenvironment.

The Macroenvironment is all the background conditions in the external environment of an

organization. This part of the environment forms a general context for making managerial
decisions. Among the main aspects of the external environment are the following:

 Economic Conditions: refers to the current state of the economy related to inflation,
income, gross domestic product, unemployment, etc.
 Socio-cultural conditions : it is the general state of the dominant social values in
aspects such as human rights and the natural environment, orientations in education and
social institutions related to it, as well as demographic patterns, etc.
 Political-legal conditions : refers to the general state of the dominant philosophy and
objectives of the party in government, as well as the established laws and government
regulations.
 Technological conditions : related to the general state of development and availability
of technology in the environment, including scientific advances.
 Ecological conditions : referring to nature and the natural or physical environment,
including concern for the environment.

The Microenvironment which is made up of the real organizations and people with whom they
relate to the company. The main ones include:

 Customers : made up of the groups of people or institutions that buy the goods and/or
use the services of the organization.
 Suppliers : They are the company's specific suppliers, both of information and
financing, and of the raw materials that the company needs to operate.
 Competition : specific companies that offer the same or similar goods and services to
the same groups of consumers or clients.
 Regulators : These are the government agencies and representatives, at the local, state,
and national levels, that enact laws and regulations that affect company operations
within a given country.

Lesson 4

Lesson 4: Ethical conduct and social responsibility in Administration.

Ethics comes from the Greek ethica or ethice, part of the philosophy that studies customs;
moral, from the Latin moralis, relating to customs. From this it can be stated that ethics or
morality refer to good customs.

In the Dictionary of the Royal Academy of the Spanish Language, there is the following
definition of ethics: " Part of the philosophy that deals with morality and the obligations of
man ." Therefore, it can be stated that ethics is " the code of moral principles that prescribes
standards related to what is good and bad, right and wrong, in the conduct of people ."

Ethics studies human behavior, its norms, duties and rights related to the society in which
it occurs, and indicates what "should" or "should not" be done in a given society.

Harlod Koontz establishes the following applications and distinctions regarding the concept of
ethics:

 Personal ethics : refers to the rules according to which an individual conducts his or her
personal life.
 Accounting ethics : refers to the code that guides the professional conduct of
accountants.
 Business ethics : This has to do with truth and justice and has many aspects, such as
society's expectations, fair competition, advertising, public relations, social
responsibilities, consumer autonomy, and consumer behavior. companies both in their
home country and abroad.

Ethical behavior is that which society accepts as "correct" or "good" with reference to the
current moral code .

Now, social responsibility is the obligation of the company to carry out actions that serve
both its interests and the society affected by its activities. In other words, it can be said that
it is the serious consideration of the impact on society of the company's actions.

Regarding the social responsibility of the organization, there are two points of view: the classic
one, which states that the only social responsibility of the Administration is to maximize the
profits of the company, and the socioeconomic one, which maintains that the social
responsibility of the Administration goes beyond the achievement of profits, to seek the
protection and improve the well-being of society in general.

Lesson 5

Lesson 5: Globalization and Administration.

The term "Globalization" is translated by the UN from English as Globalization, trying

to interpret it as a broad coverage of the practices or openings of the international
market.

Joaquín Arriola defines Globalization as " the creation of a world market in which
financial, commercial and productive capital circulates freely ."

On a global scale, globalization refers to the growing interdependence between

countries, as reflected in the growing international flows of goods, services, capital and
knowledge.

Michael Czinkata indicates that " globalization is an inevitable process. The world has
begun to become more homogeneous, and distinctions between national markets are
negligible. Furthermore, to survive, we must understand the importance of opening our
market for our companies and competitors."

Within this context of the "global village", large companies emerge to conquer the market,
among these we have: multinational corporations, which maintain important operations in
more than one country simultaneously, but which manage them all from the headquarters in
the country of origin; transnational corporations, which maintain important operations in
more than one country, simultaneously, and decentralize decision making in each operation
to the local country.

Today, there are great opportunities for organizations to penetrate new markets, reach more
and more potential buyers of their products, and expand their business horizons. It is true that
globalization presents strong competition as a counterpart, but for companies that are
prepared and ready, this will not represent major difficulties.

Lesson 6

Scientific Administration (Taylor).

The time of the evolution of administrative thought has been designated as the scientific stage,
mainly because at the end of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th century, several authors
were interested in investigating the problems they presented from a "scientific" point of view.
industrial companies, mainly due to large-scale and standardized production. Among some of
these thinkers we have Charles Babbage (1792-1872), H. Robinson Towne (1844-1924) and
Joseph Wharton (19th century).

Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856-1915), industrial engineer by profession, was born in

Philadelphia, United States of America, and has been described as the "Father of Scientific
Administration" for having systematically investigated factory operations, especially in the
production area under the scientific method.

The study of these operations was carried out by observing the methods used by the workers;
Hypotheses emerged from their observations to develop better procedures and ways of working.
He tested his hypotheses supported by employees outside of normal working hours; The
methods he found improved production; They were put into practice in daily work, after
training the operators.

Frederick Taylor concluded that all this was applicable to any human organization. Among its
conclusions are:

 There was no effective work system.

 There were no economic incentives for workers to improve their work.
 Decisions were made militarily and empirically rather than by scientific knowledge.
 Workers were incorporated into their work without taking into account their skills and
aptitudes.

Frederick Taylor developed methods for organizing work, considering materials,

equipment, and the skills of each individual. These have been called times and movements,
today known as process or system operations.

In 1911 he published a book titled "Principles of Scientific Administration", and it is based on

these four principles :

1. Substitution of practical rules for scientific precepts .

2. Obtaining harmony, instead of discord.
3. Cooperation instead of individualism.
4. Scientific selection, education and development of workers .

Taylor's influence on administrative thought was and continues to be of great significance. It is

currently present throughout the world, but its approach has been modified and humanized.

Lesson 7

Classic Organization Theory (Fayol)

Henri Fayol (1841-1925) , of French origin, is for some, the most distinguished author of
administrative theory. He pointed out that administrative theory can be applied to any human
organization (universality). He is considered the father of the administrative process, and the
creator and promoter of the division of functional areas for companies .

The early works of Henri Fayol represent the school of "Administrative Process" theory. In 1916 he
published the book Administration Industrielle et Genérate (Industrial and General Administration).
The book summarized his opinions on the proper administration of companies and the people
within them.

Fayol identified five rules or duties of administration :

 Planning : designing an action plan for tomorrow.

 Organization: provide and mobilize resources to implement the plan.
 Management : direct, select and evaluate employees with the purpose of achieving the best
work to achieve what is planned.
  Coordination : Integration of efforts and ensuring that information is shared and problems
are resolved.
 Control: ensuring that things happen according to plan and execution of the necessary
corrective actions for any deviations found.

More importantly, Fayol believed that management could be taught. He was very interested
in improving the quality of administration and proposed several principles to guide
administrative work, which are shown below:

1. Division of labor.
2. Authority and responsibility.
3. Discipline.
4. Command unit.
5. Steering unit.
6. General interest over the individual.
7. Fair remuneration to staff.
8. Delegation vs. centralization.
9. Hierarchies.
10. Order.
11. Equity.
12. Staff stability.
13. Initiative.
14. Team spirit.

Fayol clarified that these administrative principles are in no way rigid, since in various situations, it
is required to use personal judgment and restraint. The most important thing is that they constitute
universal guides; In any type of human organization they can be applied.

Lesson 8

The Systems approach in Administration.

The systems approach revolutionized existing management approaches. It conceives

companies as social systems immersed in systems that interrelate and affect each other .

The origins of this approach go back to the Aristotelian conceptions of "cause and effect", and
that everything is part of a larger whole. Modern systems theory was developed by the
contributions of Ludwig Von Bertalanffy, who indicated that there is no independent physical or
chemical element; all elements are integrated into relatively interdependent units.

It was in 1954 that Kenneth Boulding wrote an article titled "General systems theory and
scientific structure." This article is considered of great relevance because it revolutionized
scientific and administrative thinking.
A system can be defined as "a set of closely related elements that act and interact with each
other towards the achievement of a specific goal."

Systems can be classified according to:

 The degree of interaction with other systems : open, semi-open or semi-closed and
closed .
 Its material and objective composition : abstract and concrete .
 Your response capacity : active, passive and reactive.
 Your internal mobility: static, dynamic, homeostatic and probabilistic.
 Their degree of dependence : independent and interdependent.

In any system you can find four basic elements for its operation:

1. Inputs or inputs : they supply the system with what is necessary to fulfill its mission.
2. Processing : it is the transformation of inputs.
3.Outputs or product : it is the result of the process.
4. Feedback: it is the response of systems that have received as input the product of a previous
system or the response of the environment.
Graphically, a company seen as a system is represented as follows:

Systems are made up of subsystems , for example, the human body, which is a system and also
has circulatory, respiratory, nervous subsystems, etc. A company is made up of the subsystems of
finance, personnel, marketing, etc. Likewise, every system is an integral part of another larger
system, commonly called a macrosystem or suprasystem. For example, a tree is a system that is
part of the plant macrosystem, and this is part of the ecology of the planet, and so on.

Lesson 9

Other Management Theories

There is a diversity of theories in Administration, what some call the "jungle of

administrative theories." Below are the most common ones.
Mathematical School of Administration .

The general theory of administration has received many contributions from the exact
sciences, specifically mathematics. Mathematical models have provided solutions to
various problems and/or business situations, for example: in the area of personnel or
human resources, production, marketing, finance, etc. Administrative decisions can be
made based on mathematical equations that constitute simulations of real situations, which
obey certain laws.

The mathematical theory applied to management problems is known as Operations

Research . This approach comprises a very broad trend that emphasizes the decision-
making process. Hence it is a contribution to the administrator's decision-making process.

Operations Research emerged during the Second World War, and after 1954 it gradually
began to be used in American public companies, and later in private ones. Operations
Research includes game theory, queuing theory, linear programming, probability and
statistics, and currently computer simulation.

The main fields of action of mathematical theory are:

 In relation to people : organization and management, absenteeism and work

relationships, economy.
 In relation to people and machines : efficiency and productivity, quality
controls, inspection and sampling, technological changes, etc.
 In relation to movements : transportation, storage, distribution,
communications .

Contingency Approach.

The fundamental premise of contingency theory is that the appropriate

administrative actions in a company depend on the particular situation. It seeks to
identify variables or elements specific to each situation or type of organization.

The term contingency is currently confusing, because other administrative theories with
greater dissemination, such as Strategic Planning (which is studied later in this course), use
the term contingency as a synonym for risk or a situation with a certain danger. If we look
in a Spanish dictionary, we can find the following definition: "From Latin, contingency.
Possibility of something happening or not happening. Something that may or may not
happen. Risk".

The contingency theory is based on the following statements:

 What is false or true can only be known following a unique and exclusive
model .
 Business efficiency is not achieved by following a single and exclusive model .
 There is no single best way to organize to achieve your diverse goals and
objectives .
 The structure of a company and its actions are dependent on its interaction
with the external environment.
  Identification of variables that cause greater impact and incidence on the
company, such as the environment and technology.

McKinsey 7-S Model.

This approach was developed by the consulting firm McKinsey & Company. Nowadays it
has become very popular. The most outstanding characteristic of this model is that it has
been widely tested in various companies and this framework has been used by prestigious
management schools, such as Harvard and Stanford. In this way, theory and practice seem
to support each other in the study and analysis of administration.

The 7-S are the following:

1. SKILLS : The company must determine your true ability for something.
2. STRUCTURE (STRUCTURE) : the functions carried out in the company must be
clearly defined, as well as its organizational chart.
3. SYSTEMS (SYSTEMS): refers to the formal and informal processes and flows within
the company.
4. STYLE: definition of the way to act when crises occur.
5. PERSONNEL (STAFF): human resources, their characteristics, their education, etc.
6. SHARED VALUES: what the company means and shares with people.
7. STRATEGY: the plan to allocate resources and achieve competitive advantage.

Total quality.

Total Quality management can be defined as the strategic behavior to improve

quality, combining statistical methods of quality control with a cultural commitment
to seek instruments for improvements that increase quality and reduce costs, thus
improving competitive advantages and increasing performance.

The so-called guru of Total Quality, Dr. Edward Demming defines it like this:
"satisfaction of the requirements and expectations of our customers, both internal
and external, with regard to products and services, the first time and on time every
time." times" . And he adds that " total quality is the human condition that recognizes
the presence of another who needs a service and gives him exactly what he needs ."

Edward Demming established the following points in his total quality program :

1. Create consistency in the purpose of improving.

2. Adopt the new philosophy.
3. Do not depend on mass inspection.
4. End the practice of awarding purchase contracts based solely on price.
5. Continuously and forever improve the production and service system.
6. Institute on-the-job training.
7. Institute leadership.
8. Banish fear.
9. Eliminate the barriers that exist between Staff and Line areas.
10. Eliminate slogans, hype and numerical goals for staff.
11. Eliminate numerical quotas.
12. Break down the barriers that measure pride in doing a job well.
13. Institute a vigorous education and retraining program.
14. Take action to achieve transformation.

Among some of the purposes pursued by Total Quality are: the promotion of
teamwork, active employee participation, constant planning, effective production,
satisfaction and exceeding customer expectations, improving the work environment
and improving communication.

The steps for the implementation of Total Quality are:

a) Knowledge of the changes to be made.

b) Application of knowledge.
c) Changes in personal behaviors.
d) Change in group behavior.
e) Do things right the first time .

To achieve Total Quality there are four basic stages:

Stage 1: produce goods and/or services that are delivered as they are generated.
Stage 2: Deliver products and provide services without defects, repeating those that
do not meet specifications . Establishment of Manuals and internal controls.
Stage 3: produce “zero defects” goods and/or services by controlling the manufacturing
processes. Close supervision.
Stage 4: produce "zero defects" goods and/or services, incorporating the customer's
needs into their design and production . Total quality.

Lesson 10

The company. Generalities

What is a company?

It is an economic entity of a public or private nature, which is made up of human,

financial, material and technical-administrative resources, is dedicated to the
production of goods and/or services to satisfy human needs, and may or may not seek
profit.

What is the company-consumer relationship?

The market is a set of potential consumers and satisfaction providers, it is where the
needs and products are found, which is why the company must orient itself towards
the need, for example:
This product - need or company - consumer relationship indicates that the coherence
between the product and the market is one of the main factors for the success of the
company.

What is the main purpose of a company?

There are many angles to define the purposes of a company according to the
perspective of owner, manager, partner, employee, client, community or advisor.

· Satisfy customers
· Obtain maximum profitability
· Obtain short-term results
· Benefit the community
· Provide service to customers
· Benefit employees
· Give personal image

However, if we analyze each of the previous proposals, we find that focusing on most
of them can lead to failure, the main purpose of a company is the generation of
surpluses that make it possible to reproduce the company in the long term. This
implies that satisfying the client or benefiting others are necessary conditions to be
able to reproduce; without meeting these conditions, it would obviously lead to
failure.

Given that the company's product-market coherence is dynamic, a dynamic

interpretation of internal reality and the environment is required, which means
monitoring and making decisions to change, adapt, grow, improve, defend, retract,
attack, everything. which is aimed at maintaining and improving the company.

What are the basic resources of the company?

· Materials: made up of all tangible goods, such as buildings, machinery, supplies,

etc.
 · Financial: it is the monetary resource with which the company will operate.
· Human: made up of all the personnel who work in the company. This is the most
important element within the organization.
· Technical-Administrative: composed of the set of procedures and systems
applicable in a company, for example, the accounting system, induction techniques,
performance evaluation techniques, etc.

What are the basic functions of every company?

· Human Resources: where the personnel entering the company are recruited,
selected, hired and induced.
· Production: where the transformation of inputs into finished products, ready to be
consumed, takes place.
· Marketing: where the product promotion and sales function is carried out.
· Finance: where the obtaining and administration of the company's financial
resources is carried out.
· Administration: where the functions of forecasting, planning, organization,
integration, direction and control of all the general activities of the company are
carried out.

How are companies classified?

There are several types of company classification, among the main ones we have the
following:

Because of its size:

· Small: has assets of less than $100,000.00 dollars, with less than 20 employees
working in the company and covers a part of the local or regional market.
· Medium: is one that has assets less than $250,000.00 dollars, with less than 100
employees working and its product only reaches the national level.
· Large: it has assets greater than $250,000.00 dollars, it has more than 100
employees, and its product covers the international market.

For its economic activity :

· Extractive: these are companies that provide raw materials to other industries, for
example, fishing, agriculture, hunting, forestry and quarrying, etc.
· Industrial or manufacturing: they are dedicated to the production of goods, through
the transformation of raw materials through manufacturing processes, for example,
electricity, water, manufacturing, etc.
· Commercial: companies that are dedicated to the purchase and sale of finished
products, such as warehouses, bookstores, pharmacies, supermarkets, etc.
· Financial: companies in the financial system that make loans to people and
organizations. Examples of these are Banks.
· Service Companies: they are dedicated to providing non-tangible services, such as
transportation, cleaning, etc.
Due to its patrimonial constitution.

· Public: such as Government Institutions, Autonomous Institutions, Municipalities,

City Councils, etc.
· Private: those that are dedicated to the production of goods and/or services while
seeking profit, and their capital is made up of contributions from private people.

Lesson 11

The Administrative Process

If we observe how the life of every social organism develops - and mainly that of those
that, like the company, freely form man - we can distinguish two main phases or stages.
Comparison with what happens in the life of physical organisms will be able to better
clarify these two phases.

The first stage. It refers to the structuring or construction of the organism. In it, starting
from a cell, the tissues and organs are differentiated and defined, until the being is
integrated in all its functional fullness, already suitable for the normal development of the
activities or functions that are its own or specific.

The second stage . When the organism is fully structured, it develops the functions in all its
fullness, operations or activities that are inherent to it, in all its varied but coordinated
complexity, which tends to carry out the life of that organism.

The same happens in a social organism: in its first stage, starting from the initiative of one
or a few people, everything is directed towards the structuring of that social organism;
When it is properly structured, there is a second stage, which consists of its normal
operation or functioning, to achieve the proposed purposes.

For the purposes of a better understanding of this topic, some criteria from various authors
about the stages of the administrative process are presented below:

Henry Fayol. Stages : Forecasting, organization, command, coordination and control.

Koontz & O'Donnell. Stages : Planning, organization, integration, direction and control.
g. R. Terry. Stages: Planning, organization, execution and control.
Agustín Reyes Ponce. Stages : Forecasting, planning, organization, integration, direction
and control.
Burt K. Scanlan. Stages. Planning, organization, direction and control.

According to the previous proposals about the administrative process, it can be concluded
that there are six basic stages for its study and formation of its two main phases.

Static phase, composed of forecasting, planning and organization, where the questions of
What is going to be done? and how is it going to be done? respectively.

The other phase, the dynamic whose implementation within the organization, allows us to
see more clearly what is being done at the moment and also be able to evaluate such
actions, and here are the integration, direction and control phases.
Another reason why they have been called static and dynamic phases is due to the
relationship we have with people. Generally in the static phase there is little or no
relationship with people, while in the dynamic phase, there is great activity and interaction
with other human beings.

Lesson 12

The Forecast

What is Forecast?

"The analysis of relevant information from the present and the past, weighing
probable future developments in such a way that courses of action (plans) can be
determined that enable the organization to achieve objectives " (Sisck and Sverdlik).

"It is the element of administration in which, based on the future conditions in which a
company will find itself, revealed by a technical investigation, the main courses of action
are determined that will allow us to achieve the company's objectives" (Agustín Reyes
Ponce).

"It is calculating the future and preparing it. "Make action programs articulate." (Henri
Fayol).

As can be inferred, the word forecast comes from foresee or pre-see, which is "to see things
in advance" or "to try to see in advance what is going to happen."
Therefore, we will understand forecasting as that stage of the administrative process where
it is diagnosed through relevant data from the past and present that are relevant, in such a
way that social, political, economic, technological, etc. contexts can be built, in which the
company will develop in the medium and long term.

Every administrator must be a visionary, but at the same time, farsighted, since currently
the only constant is "change", and we must be prepared to face it. The world can change
from one moment to the next, just as happened on September 11 with the Twin Towers in
New York.

Principles of Forecasting .

· Principle of consistency of direction : we must be stable and coherent when we make a

decision, and remain firm until we finish what we have proposed. If problems arise,
alternative solutions must be sought to resolve the problems and always follow the path that
has been set.
· Principle of Primacy : since it is the first stage of the administrative process, forecasting
has a direct and indirect impact on the rest of the stages (planning, organization, integration,
direction and control).

· Principle of transitivity : it is related to the previous principle, since the forecast is

immersed in the other stages of the administrative process, and passes through all of them.

· Principle of execution : everything that we have proposed to do, we must carry it out
within the scheduled times, trying to avoid delays and situations that cause delays in the
company's operations.

Lesson 13

Planning.

What is meant by Planning?

Planning is the process by which a vision of the future is obtained, where it is possible to
determine and achieve objectives, by choosing a course of action.

What is the importance of Planning?

· Promotes the development of the company.

· Reduce risks as much as possible.
· Maximizes the use of resources and time.

The author José Antonio Fernández Arena stated that " Planning is the function of the
administrator, although the character and extent of planning vary with his authority
and with the nature of the policies and plans outlined by his superior."

Recognition of the influence of planning goes a long way toward clarifying the attempts of
some management scholars to distinguish between policymaking (setting guidelines for
thinking about decision making) and administration, or between the director and the
administrator. or the supervisor.

An administrator, because of his delegation of authority or position in the organization, can

improve the established planning or make it basic and applicable to a greater proportion of
the company than the planning of another. However, all administrators, from directors to
bosses or supervisors, plan what corresponds to them.

How is Planning classified?

There are various types of plans, including:

· Mission: it is the reason for the company's existence. It is also said to be the task, the
special assignment or service that a company intends to achieve in the long term. For
example, the mission of a university is higher education, teaching and research.

· Vision: it is the administrative capacity to place the company in the future, where we want
to be five years from now. For example, a Bank may have the vision "to be the leading
company in the provision of financial services throughout Europe."

· Objectives : they are the result that is expected to be obtained, and towards which joint
efforts are directed. For example, an objective of a commercial company may be to increase
sales in 2004 compared to 2003. The objectives can be short-term (up to one year), medium-
term (1 to 3 years) and long-term (more than 3 years).

· Goals : the different purposes that must be met to achieve the objective. Goals are more
specific purposes that make up the company's objective. For example, for a commercial
company that wants to increase its sales, a goal could be to train the sales team during the
first two months of 2004, thereby seeking to achieve the stated objective.

· Policies : These are general guides or guidelines that indicate the framework within which
employees of a company can make decisions, using their initiative and good judgment. For
example, competing based on prices in the market.

· Rules: they are precise rules that regulate a particular situation. Specific actions or
omissions are exposed here, and do not give freedom of action. Examples of this type are "no
smoking", "do not eat food in this place", etc.

· Strategies : the action of projecting an expected future and the mechanisms to achieve it,
and making the organization's future behave as determined. It can then be said that strategies
are courses of action, prepared to face changing situations in the internal and external
environment, in order to achieve their objectives. For example, a strategy could be "conduct
market research permanently, and provide efficient information to the sales team, in order to
increase sales."

· Programs: are plans that include objectives, policies, strategies, procedures, rules,
assignment of functions and resources, and the actions necessary to achieve the objectives,
establishing the time necessary for the execution of each of the operation stages.

· Budgets : it is a plan that represents expectations for a future period, expressed in

quantitative terms, such as money, hours worked, units produced, etc. Budgets can be
Operational (sales, production, inventories, etc.) and Financial (cash, capital, pro forma
financial statements, etc.).

· Procedures : they are plans that indicate a series of concatenated tasks that must be carried
out according to a chronological sequence, to achieve pre-established objectives. An example
of this type of plan is the procedure carried out to pay salaries to employees.
 Lesson 14

The Planning Process

Harold Koontz has determined some steps that must be followed in planning, namely:

a) Detection of an opportunity.
b) Establishment of objectives.
c) Consideration of planning premises.
d) Identification of alternatives.
e) Comparison of alternatives according to the objectives and goals.
f) Choice of an alternative.
g) Preparation of support plans.
h) Preparation of the budget.

Among the most relevant advantages of planning we have : it helps improve coordination
between members of the company; allows you to improve internal vision and the business
environment; and helps management to quickly adapt to the changing environment.

Planning can be strategic and operational . Let's analyze these concepts later.

Strategic planning.

Strategic planning allows for long-term decision making. Here the following must be taken
into account: changes in the environment, the capacity of the company and the
organizational climate.

Their purpose is to establish or update the mission and general objectives of the company. It
is very useful for the development of new skills and procedures to face the route to follow in
the future.

Among the formal stages of strategic planning are:

a) Identification of current strategies.

b) Identification of potential strategic goals.
c) Selection of strategic goals.
d) Evaluation and execution of strategies.

Tactical Planning .

It is an annual process that guides towards achieving the objectives proposed in the
company's programs.

Some differences between strategic and tactical plans are:

1. The term, strategic plans imply the long term, while tactical plans are short term, and
sometimes medium term.
2. The scope, since strategic plans are more general, while tactical plans are specific.
3. Independence, since tactical plans tend to reflect the goals and strategic plans the mission
of the company.
 Lesson 15

The Gantt Chart

Henry Laurence Gantt (1861-1919) developed this graphic method of planning and
control at the beginning of the 20th century, which allows contemplating the start
and end phases of various activities .

Also called an activity schedule or Calendaring, it is a bar graph, where the length of each
bar represents the duration in days, weeks, months or years of an activity. The usefulness
of this graph is that it indicates the frequency at which a certain number of activities
should be executed based on the duration of each of them.

For further illustration, below is the Gantt Chart that sets out the times and activities for
carrying out market research, divided into three phases and to be carried out in four
months.

Lesson 16

Other Planning Techniques

Process analysis diagram.

It is the graphic representation of the trajectory in the development of a product or

activities, and in which all the actions that will be carried out are indicated, through the
use of the corresponding symbols .

Symbology is used to show actions such as "transport", "operation", "inspection", "delay" and
"storage" or "archive".
Flowchart.

A flow diagram has many similarities with the process analysis diagram, except that it refers
to actions of an administrative nature, and uses symbols such as: start or end of the flow,
activity, document, decision or alternative, file, connector. page and connector.

The forecasts.

They are conjectures about a future situation, considering that certain known data is presented;
It is an opinion about what can happen based on past data.

Conjecture is a probable judgment of a thing based on evidence and observations.

Premise is a proposition that contains a brief description of the cause and the result that can be
obtained by putting a specific alternative into practice.

One of the methods used to make forecasts is Least Squares, by which the average relationship
between two or more variables is calculated quantitatively, and the aim is to know future data
based on what is already known.

The Incremental Method studies the increases (positive or negative) that have been presented
in relation to previous periods, then an arithmetic average of the percentage increases is made
and the final result is applied by increasing it to the result of the current period.

Finally, the Trend Method studies the trends that have been shown in the previous results,
taking into the analysis the reference year and the result obtained in that year.

These methods that have just been mentioned can be found in any statistics book to delve into
the development of each of these in more detail.

Lesson 17

The organization. Generalities.

It refers to the creation of a structure, which determines the necessary hierarchies and
grouping of activities, in order to simplify them and their functions within the social
group.

Essentially, the organization was born from the human need to cooperate. Men have been
forced to cooperate to obtain their personal goals, due to their physical, biological,
psychological and social limitations. In most cases, this cooperation can be more productive
or less costly if an organizational structure is in place.

It is said that with good staff any organization works. It has even been said that it is advisable
to maintain a certain degree of imprecision in the organization, because in this way people are
forced to collaborate in order to carry out their tasks. Still, it is obvious that even capable
people who want to cooperate with each other will work much more effectively if everyone
knows the role they must play and the way their functions relate to each other.
This is a general principle, valid both in business administration and in any institution.

Thus, an organizational structure must be designed in such a way that it is perfectly clear to
everyone who must perform a certain task and who is responsible for certain results; In this
way, the difficulties caused by imprecision in the assignment of responsibilities are eliminated
and a communication and decision-making system is achieved that reflects and promotes the
company's objectives.

Below are listed and explained the elements of the organization which, once understood and
assimilated, will contribute to better administration:

a) Division of labor . To divide the work it is necessary to follow a sequence that covers the
following stages: the first; (hierarchization) that arranges the functions of the social group in
order of rank, degree or importance. The second; (departmentalization) that divides and
groups all functions and activities, into specific units, based on their similarity.
b) Coordination . It refers to the synchronization of the resources and efforts of a social
group, with the purpose of achieving opportunity, unity, harmony and speed, in the
development of objectives.

Lesson 18

The Organization Charts

One of the most important tools when defining the organic structure of the company is
the "organization chart", but unfortunately, a concern for its preparation technique
can cause the basic purposes of its design to be lost sight of .

The organizational charts:

1) Establish understanding of communication problems;

2) They orient new workers to structural relationships and complexities;
3) They provide a graphic image of the company to third parties.

Organization charts, in their simplest form, only show functional units and relationships. In a
more complex state, the title of the job or office, main responsibilities, committees, and even
communication relationships can be added. However, they are so large and complex that
only key positions or segments of the organization can be seen in such organizational charts.

What is an organization chart?

An organization chart is the graphic representation of the organic structure of a company or
one of its administrative areas or units, which shows the relationships that the bodies that
compose it maintain among themselves.

What is the purpose of organizational charts?

They are the ideal instrument to capture and transmit in a graphic and objective way the
composition of an organization.

What is the use of organizational charts?

o They provide a formal image of the organization.

o They are an official source of consultation.
o They facilitate knowledge of a company, as well as its hierarchy relationships.
o They constitute a valuable technical element for organizational analysis.

What are the criteria for preparing an organization chart?

1) Precision : administrative units and their relationships and interrelationships must be

established accurately.
2) Simplicity : they should be as simple as possible, to represent the structure(s) in a clear
and understandable way.
3) Uniformity : in its design it is advisable to homogenize the use of nomenclature, lines,
figures and composition to facilitate its interpretation.
4) Presentation : their access depends largely on their format and structure, so they must be
prepared complementing both technical and service criteria, depending on their purpose.
5) Validity : To maintain their validity, they must be kept updated. It is recommended that
the name of the unit responsible for its preparation be noted in the lower right margin, as
well as the date of authorization.

Basic presentation of an organization chart.

It can be noted in this organization chart that the highest hierarchical level is made up of the
General Management, and this has four subordinates, namely: Production, Marketing,
Finance and Personnel.
 Lesson 19

The Administrative Manuals.

What is an Administrative Manual?

Administrative manuals are documents that serve as means of communication and

coordination that allow the information of an organization to be recorded and transmitted in
an orderly and systematic manner.

What are the objectives of the manuals?

· Present an overview of the organization.

· Specify the functions assigned to each administrative unit.
· Clearly establish the degree of authority and responsibility of the different hierarchical
levels.
· Contribute to the correct attention of the tasks assigned to the staff.
· Allow saving time and effort in carrying out work.
· Function as a means of relationship and coordination with other organizations.
· Serve as a vehicle of information to suppliers of goods, service providers, users and clients.

How are manuals classified?

Due to their content they are classified into:

· Organization : where the various organic units that make up the company are specified.
· Procedures : here the main procedures that occur within the company are established, for
example, hiring personnel, purchasing, paying salaries, etc.
· Policies : the policies that will guide the company's actions are determined.
· Welcome : designed especially for new employees, this manual details the company's
background, mission, vision, values, etc.

By its scope:

· General : containing information about the entire organization.

· Specific: that contain information about a specific area.

What does a Job Description Manual contain?

This is the manual that most people know, and below is a brief model of this type of manual:
 Lesson 20

Organizational culture

Culture can be defined as the general pattern of behavior, shared beliefs and common values
of the members of a community.

If we look closely, it turns out that culture is demonstrated in all areas of development of human
beings. Organizational culture can be defined as the patterns of behavior and beliefs found within
a company.

Organizational culture, first of all, is given by the company's top managers. It is your beliefs and
ways of perceiving situations that become norms. A very important element immersed in the
organizational culture is the term value, which becomes a permanent belief, or one that has existed
for many years, that serves as a guide for workers, trying to achieve the company's objectives.

Below is a comparative matrix between a company without a defined organizational culture and
another with an established and clear culture.
We must understand that culture is something very stable in companies, and it is not easily
modified; it can take several years, since it leads to changing values, symbols, behaviors, etc.

Organizational culture should not be confused with organizational climate, which consists of
creating a work environment conducive to interpersonal relationships between officials and
employees. It is the internal environment of a company and its particular psychological
atmosphere, which is closely related to morality and the satisfaction of the human needs of its
members. The climate can be positive or negative, hot or cold, favorable or unfavorable, tense or
flexible, etc.

This concept encompasses those characterizations that differentiate some companies from others,
and that influence the behavior of individuals in the organization.

Lesson 21

The integration. Generalities

Within a company there are different types of integration, such as integration of human
resources, integration of material resources and integration of financial resources . Each of
these areas of integration will be discussed in detail below.

Personnel integration is alternatively defined as human resource management, which involves

human resource planning, recruitment, selection, hiring, induction, evaluation, training and
development and maintenance of the human factor.

Human Resource Planning refers to determining the number of people needed, as well as the skills
and abilities they must possess both in the short, medium and long term. This stage is closely related
to the company's long-term growth plans.

Recruitment is looking for candidates interested in working in the company, it is making a general
call, calls.

Selection refers to the evaluation of the capabilities, experiences and abilities of a candidate, in
relation to a position, to choose the most suitable person to perform said position. It is done through
an interview, intelligence, skills and aptitudes tests, psychological tests, etc.

Hiring is when a candidate has been selected to join the company. The contract can be for an
indefinite period, if the position warrants it, or for a defined period, when a project whose duration is
limited, or a work, etc. is going to be carried out.

Induction refers to the coupling between the person who enters the company for the first time and
the organization. This is carried out at the company level in general, organic unit in which you will
work and job position.

Evaluation is carried out periodically by evaluating the performance of personnel, with the purpose
of finding deficient areas where employees need to improve or as continuous improvement of
workers.

Training and development , which seeks to ensure that the employee performs better and better in
his or her job, and that allows him or her to advance within the company.

Maintenance of the human factor , here mechanisms and means must be determined so that
employees do not withdraw from the company, but rather see in it an opportunity for personal and
professional development and growth.

Internal and external sources .

The internal sources constitute the employees who currently work in the company, and the external
sources to obtain qualified human resources consist of the same competition, placement institutions,
etc.

Integration of Material Resources .

As mentioned before, this is the purchasing activity, which is considered as old as sales itself. These
two activities are complementary, since one cannot exist without the other, whether national or
international, industrial, commercial or services in nature.

Purchases are basic for the progress of any company, whether small, medium or large, buyer and
seller put special interest in the negotiations they carry out.
Raw materials, merchandise and other materials must meet the basic requirements of a good
purchase:
· Price
· Quality
· Amount
· Delivery conditions
· Payment conditions
· After-sales service

Definition of Purchases:

1. "Buy comes from the Latin comparae, to compare, and which translates as acquiring something
for money."
2. "Acquisition, from Latin adquisitio, -onis, action of acquiring." Therefore, buying should be
considered synonymous with acquisition.
3. Traditionally it is said that purchasing is "the function responsible for making all the purchases
required by a company, at the right time."
4. Likewise, "purchases are operations that are carried out to satisfy a certain need."
5. Michel Calimeri defines purchasing as follows: "the operation that aims to supply, in the best
possible conditions, to the different sectors of the company, materials (raw materials and semi-
finished products, accessories, consumer goods, machines, services, etc.). ) that are necessary to
achieve the objectives that its administration has defined".

Importance of purchases.
Currently, purchasing must be considered a vital function for the success of any company, whose
objective will be to acquire the raw materials and items essential for the manufacture of the goods it
is dedicated to, or finished products for sale or provide adequate services by putting into play all the
necessary elements to achieve it.

Integration of Financial Resources.

Special mention deserves the part of the integration of financial resources, which are of vital
importance for the proper functioning of any company. These can be own resources or external
resources. Among the external ones, we can mention loans from financial institutions, shares, etc.
For the integration of these resources, aspects such as: interest rate, term, amount to be requested,
destination (working capital or investment capital), guarantees, etc. must be taken into account.

Lesson 22

The direction. Generalities.

Where does the word "Direction" come from?

Etymologically, the word "direction" comes from the verb "dirigere"; This in turn is formed from
the prefix "di", intensive, and "regere": to rule, to govern. The latter derives from the Sanskrit
"raj", which indicates "preeminence".

What is the definition of Direction?

Management is that element of administration in which the effective realization of everything
planned is achieved, through the authority of the administrator, exercised on the basis of
decisions, either taken directly or, more frequently, by delegating said authority. and it is
simultaneously monitored that all orders issued are complied with appropriately.

What is the importance of Management? .

Let us note that management is the "essential" and "central" part of administration, to which all
other elements must be subordinated and ordered.

In effect: if it is foreseen, planned, organized, integrated and controlled, it is only for good.
Complicated techniques in any of the other five elements are of no use if good execution is not
achieved, which immediately depends on, and coincides temporally, with good direction. All other
techniques will be useful and interesting as long as they allow us to direct and perform better.
And all the stages of administrative statics are ordered to prepare those of dynamics. And of these,
the central one is the direction. Therefore it can be stated, as we did, that it is the essence and heart
of administration.
Its importance due to its character.

Another reason for its importance is that this element of administration is the most real and
human. Here we have to do in all cases "with concrete men", unlike the aspects of the mechanical
part, in which we dealt rather with relationships, with "how things should be." Here we struggle
with things and problems "as they really are." For this reason, we are in the stage of greatest
unpredictability, speed and, (if the expression fits), explosiveness, where a small error - very easy
due to the difficulty of foreseeing human reactions - can sometimes be difficult to repair.

When an administrator becomes interested in the managerial role for himself, he begins to realize
some of its complexity. First of all, he is dealing with people, but not on a completely objective
basis, since he is also a person himself and is usually part of the problem. It is in direct contact
with people, both with individuals and with groups. He soon discovers, as a productive factor, that
people are not only interested in the company's objectives; It also has its own objectives. In order
to direct human effort towards the company's objectives, the manager soon realizes that he must
think in terms of results related to orientation, communication, motivation and direction.

Although the manager is part of the group, it is convenient, for many reasons, to consider him
separate from his subordinates. To achieve the company's objectives, it has been assigned human
and other resources, and it has to integrate them. It is also convenient to think of the administrator
as separate from the group because he is its boss. As a leader he is not so much one of the group
as the one who has to persuade the group to do what he wants or should be done. Management
involves the intelligent use of an incentive system plus a personality that arouses interest in other
people.

Lesson 23

The motivation.

What is motivation?

The word motivation comes from the Latin "motus", which means moved, and "motio" which
means movement.

According to Harold Koontz, motivation is a generic term that applies to a series of impulses,
desires, needs, desires, and similar forces. Saying that managers motivate their subordinates, that
is, they do things with which they hope to satisfy those impulses and desires and induce
subordinates to act in a certain way.

As human beings, our motivations can be extremely complex, and even contradictory. Some
people may be motivated by the desire to acquire goods and/or services such as vehicles, houses,
clothing, travel, etc., and at the same time, another individual may be motivated by the desire to
obtain social status, self-actualization, etc.

What are motivators?

Within the concept of motivation we also have motivators, which according to Koontz are things
that induce an individual to achieve high performance. So, they are all those rewards or incentives
that administrators provide to employees, so that they feel enthusiastic about carrying out their
tasks.

Motivation or satisfaction?
Some concepts that tend to be confused are motivation and satisfaction. As noted before, the first
refers to the impulse or desire that a person or employee has to achieve something; while the
second refers to the pleasure that is experienced once the desire is achieved. That is, motivation
implies an impulse towards a result, while satisfaction is the result achieved.

Some theories about motivation.

Theory of the Hierarchy of Needs.

This theory focuses on people's internal needs, created by Abraham Maslow, and presents five
types of needs, which are classified hierarchically, as follows:

1. Physiological needs: they are those essential to maintain organic balance in the individual, such
as food, thirst, sleep, air, housing, clothing, etc.
2. Security Needs: constitute the individual's desire to have security both physically and
psychologically, and here we can mention citizen security, job stability, etc.
3. Belonging needs: the need to belong to a group is vital for the existence of people, which is
why there is a tendency to establish emotional relationships with other human beings.
4. Need for esteem: every individual needs to have a certain degree of power within their group,
to be respected and self-sufficient, as well as status and recognition.
5. Need for self-realization: constitutes man's tendency to develop his own potential, it can be
expressed as the desire to become everything one is capable of, for example, development of
creative and innovative ideas, academic and professional improvement, etc.

Theory X and Y of motivation.

Douglas McGregor was the one who gave rise to Theory X and Y. His theses on human
capabilities and the need for naturalization are based on the theories of Abraham Maslow and
Frederick Herzberg.

Theory

On the contrary, theory Y maintains that work is something as natural for human beings as
 sleeping or playing, that individuals are capable of self-control and self-direction, and that they
have great creative capacity.

For McGregor, the starting point of management answers the question about how managers see
themselves in relation to others. From the above it can be concluded that:

a) Theory X is pessimistic, static and rigid.

b) Theory Y is optimistic, dynamic and flexible.
c) Theories are based on assumptions, they are not prescriptions or suggestions.
d) It does not necessarily imply a hard or a soft type of administration.
e) These theories are visions about human behavior

Lesson 24

The leadership

What is leadership?

The word leadership comes from the English "to lead", which means to guide.
For Harold Koontz it is the art or process of influencing people to make voluntary and enthusiastic
efforts to achieve group goals.
For Agustín Reyes Ponce, a leader is the person who, possessing certain personal qualities, takes the
opportunity to exert an exceptional influence on the group of his followers, which inspires them to
follow him constantly.

What is the importance of leadership?

The leader helps direct and design the vision of a company. Also, it promotes the values and attitudes
necessary for the organizational culture.

Roles or roles of the leader.

Within a company, the roles of leaders differ drastically from the role of the traditional decision maker.
The leaders are:

· Designers: has to do with designing the ideas of guidelines, purposes, vision and basic values, etc.
· Masters: refers to helping all members of the company, including yourself, achieve more consistent
views of current reality. Leaders are considered coaches, guides or facilitators, and never an
authoritarian expert.
· Stewards (Servants): the leader as a servant begins with the natural feeling that one wants to serve, and
that conscious decision leads one to want to lead without desire for power or acquiring material
possessions.

Power and leadership.

Power has been defined as "the ability to affect and influence the behavior of members of a social
group." The types of power that favor leadership are:

· Legitimate power : hierarchical position and authority given by the formal social organization to
members to make decisions and guide behavior, e.g. a leadership position.
· Reward power : represents the ability of a manager to reward and motivate individual behaviors.
· Coercive power : ability to punish and repress dissident behaviors or behaviors of the members of a
group at the will of the leader.
· Expert power : mastery of techniques and possession of degree certificates, as well as the special
knowledge and experiences that equip the holder to influence the behavior of others, such as a great
athlete, a doctor, a lawyer, etc.
· Information power : management of data and restricted and selective information that allows the
holder to direct a given situation towards an objective.
· Reference power : psychosocial position that gives an individual the possibility of influencing others,
for example, the Pope, the President of the Republic, the Prime Minister, etc.

Leadership styles.

Kurt Lewin classified leadership styles as authoritarian, democratic or participatory, and liberal.

The authoritarian style is one of domination, it imposes its decisions, in other words, it is a dictator.

The democratic is participatory , involving, makes decisions in consensus with his subordinates.

The liberal style is about freedom , individual and group responsibility, and allows the person to make
their own decisions, which according to their criteria are the most appropriate for the common purpose.
This style has been misinterpreted as anarchic, totally permissive.

For business management purposes, the first two styles are applied more regularly, but the use of the
democratic or participatory style is more recommended, since in this way the individual is involved in
the company's decision-making.

Lesson 25

The management. Generalities

What is Management?

If we look in a dictionary of the Spanish language, we can find that when talking about
Management we are talking about the basic functions of foreseeing, planning, organizing,
integrating, directing and controlling that a person (manager) must perform within an
organization. Furthermore, it must be remembered that the company's senior management,
such as the President, General Manager, Directors, etc. They are responsible for making
decisions of great magnitude and importance for the proper functioning of the company.

Essential principles of management.

The Peter Drucker Foundation in a document points out the following essential principles of
Management:

1. Management is a science applicable to human beings . The role of the person who exercises
it is to make them work together.
In this regard, we must remember that not all of us are qualified to be bosses, but it depends
on our personal, attitudinal and social attributes to perform as good bosses. On many
occasions, due to the good performance of a technician, he is promoted to the level of
management, and it happens that "a good technician is lost, and a bad boss is gained", a very
common story in our companies.

2. Management is immersed in culture . You need to be able to identify the parts of your own
history and tradition that will serve as bricks to build the future.
All employees must commit to the values and purposes of the company, which constitutes the
foundation of the organizational culture. The necessary mechanisms must be sought so that all
employees of the company are positively involved in the search for excellence, they must be
made to feel that they are an important part in the fulfillment of organizational goals, and
above all, that the company belongs to them.

3. Do not look for results within the company . The important ones only exist outside of it.
Every company arises by and for its clients, to satisfy human needs, and the focus of this
principle is precisely that, keeping our clients satisfied promises us a lasting permanence in
the market.

The Manager of the 21st Century.

Currently, the constant changes in which we live, the uncertainty of tomorrow, cyberspace,
globalization, etc. They keep managers around the world grounded, informed, and ready to
act.

Given this modification of the world economy, characterized by:

· More agile organizational structures.

· Leverage through excellent service.
· Taking advantage of competitive advantages.
· Maturity in the market.
· Product diversification.

The ING. Lorenzo Giordano has proposed the following profile of the 21st Century Manager:

1. Possess the knowledge and academic maturity to fully comply with all the projects assigned
to you.

2. Have skills in leading the executive team and become a leader within the group.
3. Be a positive person, have character and authority with your team, but also recognize and
congratulate when things are done well.

4. Maximize ethical and moral values , promote respect for human beings, complement
actions with good example, both in the work environment and in the social and family
environment (always be the same person).

To fill this new role, the new manager must break three management paradigms based on old
ways:

· Personnel management based on punishment, persecution, intolerance and constant scolding,

which would lead you to work alone, with an unmotivated team that does not support you.
· On the contrary, the current manager has to infect his collaborators with enthusiasm, teach
them to plan and organize their work efficiently and ensure that they arrive each day eager to
face new challenges.
· Spending too much time on small details, distrusting what your collaborators do. Stop
running when faced with the urgent. Administration fails when what is urgent does not give
time to what is really important.

Lesson 26

Decision Making

We all have to make decisions constantly. These range from the elementary decision that an
infant makes when he decides to remove his hand from a tub of hot water, to the extremely
important decisions that are made when negotiating agreements between companies.

Administration is the exercise and art of making decisions in organizations . Therefore,

decision making is the most important act in management practice.

A decision is a final resolution or determination.

Decision making has also been defined as the selection of a course of action between two or
more alternatives.

The term decision is derived from decidere, which means "to cut", that is, the administrator,
once he has made the decision, requires firmness in his purpose, and it must be remembered
that decisions at the administrative level are the foundation of planning. and the rest of the
phases of the administrative process.
In management, managers and even employees make more choices for decisions, because a
decision cannot be changed, in other words, it means letting go of the past.

Structured and Unstructured Decisions.

Structured decisions are made in accordance with policies, procedures or rules, written or
unwritten, that enable decision-making in recurring situations because they limit or rule out
alternatives. For example, managers rarely have to worry about the salary range of a newly
hired worker, since companies generally have a set salary scale for all positions. There are
routine procedures for dealing with routine matters.

Structured decisions are used to address recurring problems, whether highly complex or
simple. To some extent, structured decisions restrict freedom, since the worker has less scope
to decide what to do. However, the goal of structured decisions is to liberate.

Unstructured decisions address infrequent, or exceptional, problems. If a situation has not

arisen frequently enough to be covered by a policy or is so important that it deserves special
attention, it should be handled as an unstructured decision. Problems such as distributing a
company's resources, what to do with a product line that did not have the expected success,
how to improve relations with society, etc., constitute situations where the manager makes
transcendental decisions of the unstructured type.

As you move up the hierarchical level of the company, the ability to make unstructured
decisions becomes more relevant. That is why most development programs for
administrators, and especially managers, aim to improve unstructured decision-making skills,
as a rule, teaching them to systematically analyze problems and make logical decisions.

Lesson 27

The communication

Whether it's a school district, a bank, a transportation system, or a manufacturing plant, effective
communication is essential.

What is communication?
Communication can be defined as the transfer of information and understanding between people
through symbols with meanings.

Communication in any circumstance of our lives is of vital importance, to be able to express our
objectives, needs, emotions, etc., in the same way it becomes imperative within companies, so
some benefits can be mentioned in which aid:

· Establish and disseminate the company's purposes and goals.

· Develop plans to achieve these purposes.
· Organize human resources effectively.
· Select, develop and evaluate the members of said company.
· Create a climate of broad participation.
· Control the performance of members.
· Influence the motivation of our workers.

The communication process .

To carry out effective communication, it is necessary that several elements intervene in the flow
of the transmission of ideas, which are described below:

1. Issuer (encoder) : source of information and initiator of the communication process. It is your
responsibility to choose the most effective message type and channel, after which you encode
the message. In a company it will be the person who has information, needs or desires and the
intention to communicate them to one or more people.

Coding consists of the translation of information into a series of symbols for communication.
This is necessary because information can only be transmitted from one person to another
through representations or symbols.

2. Receiver (decoder) : is the individual who receives, through his or her senses, the message
from the transmitter.
Decoding is the interpretation and translation of a message so that the information makes sense.
One of the main requirements that the receiver must meet is the ability to listen. Listening is the
act of paying attention to a message, not just hearing it.

Guidelines for effective listening

3. Message : it is the encoded information that the transmitter sends to the receiver. The message
can be given in any form that can be captured and understood by one or more of the receiver's
senses.

4. Channels : It is the medium of communication between the transmitter and the receiver,
something like air is for words and paper is for letters.

5. Feedback : it is the response of the receiver to the sender's message. It is the best way to check
that the message was received and understood.

6. Perception : it is the meaning attributed to a message by a sender or receiver. Perceptions are

influenced by what individuals see, by the way they organize those elements in their memory,
and by the meanings they attribute to them.
DIAGRAM OF THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS.
Barriers in Communication.
They are the conditions or factors that interfere with the effective transmission of a message, and
among them are:

Interpersonal Barriers .
· The interpretation made by the receiver of the message.
· Physiological defects of the sender or receiver.
· The feelings and emotions of the sender or receiver.
· The environmental conditions in which the message is given.
· The use of semantics, such as language differences, inappropriate words, insufficient
information, etc.

Organizational Barriers .
When a company grows, its organic structure expands greatly, causing problems in
communication, which generates situations where a message is added, modified, eliminated or
completely changed, and even more so if the message has been transmitted in a oral.
Another barrier translates into administrative authority, where it must be remembered that
authority is a characteristic of every company, therefore, this supervision generates a barrier, and
finally, specialization is another barrier that affects the effectiveness of communication.

Lesson 28

The control. Generalities

Definition .

Stephen Robbins defines control as " a process of monitoring activities to ensure that they
are proceeding as planned and to correct any obvious deviations." While James Stoner
states that "administrative control is the process that ensures that actual activities
conform to projected activities ."
Control refers to the mechanisms used to ensure that behaviors and performance comply with a
company's rules and procedures. The term control has a negative connotation for most people,
as it is associated with restriction, imposition, delimitation, surveillance or manipulation.

Importance.

Control is the function of all administrators, from the President of a company to supervisors.
Some managers, particularly at lower levels, forget that the primary responsibility for the
exercise of control falls equally on all managers charged with the execution of plans. Although
the scope of control varies from manager to manager, managers at all levels have the
responsibility of executing plans, so control is one of the essential management functions at
any level.

In this sense, the following aspects can be established for which control in a company is of
utmost importance:

· Contributes to measuring and correcting the work carried out by employees, in order to
achieve the purposes.
· Enables the analysis of what was done with what was planned.
· Control techniques and systems are applicable to any administrative activity.
· It is a tool for bosses through which they check whether the organization's purposes are
achieved according to planning.

Strategic control areas.

Key performance or key result areas are those elements of the unit or company that must
function effectively for the entire unit or company to achieve success. These areas, as a rule,
involve the main activities of the company, or groups of related activities that occur throughout
the company. Some basic result areas are areas such as production, finance, marketing, human
resources and accounting. These basic result areas, in turn, are used to define more detailed
standards and control systems.
In today's companies, many key result areas (KRAs) are cross-functional. A company could
define its ACRs for a customer service team in terms of the responses provided by customers
in a service survey.

Management and Operational Control.

Management control is the responsibility of the high levels within the company, generally
falling on the General Manager of the company, since they are the ones who carry out this type
of control, and consists of ensuring that the necessary resources are obtained and used
efficiently. in achieving the organization's objectives.

Some features are:

· Focus action on programs or organizational units.

· The information must compare what was planned with what was done.
· Is immersed in all the company's activities.
· It is periodic, programmed, rhythmic.
· It must be complete.

Operational control is the responsibility of mid-level managers such as those who perform
supervisory functions at lower or first-level levels. It is the process by which the organization
ensures that specific tasks are carried out effectively.

Lesson 29

The Control Process

The control techniques and systems are essentially the same, whether it is cash, routine office
procedures, product quality or any other action within the company. So, it is necessary to clarify
that to exercise the control process in an organization, and regardless of what is going to be
controlled, there are three basic steps:

1) establishment of standards, parameters and methods;

2) measurement of the performance or result obtained and

3) Execution of corrective actions.

1) Establishment of standards , parameters and methods: Included here are all the standards or
measurement units established in the Planning, and therefore, the number of units to be
produced, the number of units to be sold, quality requirements. , etc. However, because plans
vary in their level of detail and complexity, and because managers generally cannot monitor
everything, special rules need to be established. By definition, standards are simply performance
criteria. This means that establishing standards becomes about establishing the goals and
objectives that the organization's administrators want to achieve. These must be defined in clear
and measurable terms, indicating specific time periods. Only in this way can goals be more
easily evaluated for compliance and usefulness. Additionally, well-defined objectives can be
easily conveyed, as well as translated into parameters and methods that can be used to quantify
performance.

2) Measurement of performance or obtained result: although not always practicable, standards-

based performance measurement should ideally be carried out on a basis of what was planned, so
that deviations can be detected before they occur and avoided through appropriate actions. This
is ideal. The farsighted administrator can sometimes predict probable non-compliance with the
rules or deviations from them, but even in the absence of that possibility, any non-compliance
must be perceived as early as possible.
This phase of the Control process consists of reviewing that what was established through the
standards and objectives in the previous step are being achieved as planned. This is a repetitive
process so you should avoid too much time passing between one measurement and another. If the
results correspond to what was established, everything is under control.

3) Execution of corrective actions : This stage is necessary especially if performance does not
meet established levels and the analysis indicates that an intervention is required. Corrective
measures may require a change in one or more activities in the company's operations, or a
change in originally established standards.

Accordingly, deviations can be corrected:

· Redesigning plans or modifying goals.

· Or, they can be corrected by exercising the organizational function, either by reassigning or
clarifying duties and tasks.
· They can also be corrected by using additional personnel, through better selection and training
of employees.
· Using the most radical measure within a company: the dismissal of the employee.
· Exercising effective leadership and motivation techniques, such as those detailed in this course.

Lesson 30

Types and Sources of Control

Types of Control.

Depending on the moment of its application, we have the following types of organizational
control:
Preventive controls are the set of mechanisms and procedures that are used to analyze the
operations that have been planned to be carried out, before their authorization or before they are
underway, with the purpose of determining the veracity and legality of said operations, and
finally its conformity with the plans, programs and budgets.

These controls guarantee that before starting an action, a budget has been made for the human,
material and financial resources that will be needed. Financial budgets are the most common
type of preventive action control, because the acquisition of employees, equipment and supplies
requires money. Scheduling is another important type of preventive control, as these preliminary
activities also require a significant investment of time.

Preventive control is the exclusive responsibility of each organization as an integral part of its
own internal control systems. For this reason, it is said that preventive control is always internal.
Since the administrators of each company are responsible for ensuring that preventive control is
integrated into the administrative and financial systems, and is carried out by the internal
personnel responsible for carrying out said work.

Concurrent controls are those that are carried out while an activity is developing. The best
known form of this type of control is direct supervision. Thus, a supervisor observes the
activities of workers, and can correct problematic situations as they arise. Today, computerized
systems can be programmed to provide the operator with immediate feedback. If a mistake is
made, or if the wrong information has been processed, the system's concurrent controls will
reject the order and tell the operator where the error is located.

Subsequent controls are those carried out after the action. In this way, the causes of any
deviations from the original plan are determined, and the results are applied to similar future
activities. For example, in Accounting Audits, statistics, accounting, etc.

Control sources.

According to Don Hellriegel, the basic sources of control are four: interested groups, the
organization itself, groups and individuals.

The control of interested groups refers to the external pressures that the company receives to
modify certain behaviors. Examples of these types of sources are unions, government agencies,
customers, suppliers, shareholders, and others.

Organizational control refers to formal rules and procedures, whether preventive or corrective
of deviations from plans and the fulfillment of desired objectives. Examples of this type of
controls include rules, policies, standards, budgets, audits and others.

Group control refers to the rules, norms, values that the members of a group share and maintain
through rewards and punishments. For example, withdrawing voice and vote from a member of
the group, electing him as a representative before other groups, etc.

Individual self-control consists of the guiding mechanisms that operate in an individual or

person, either consciously or unconsciously. The so-called Professional Ethics constitutes a very
important starting point for individual self-control. To be a successful professional it is necessary
to acquire detailed knowledge, specific skills and basic attitudes and forms of behavior. No
matter what the profession, Public Accountant, Lawyer, Engineer, Business Administrator,
Doctor, etc., they are expected to exercise individual self-control in the performance of their
work, based on the ethical and moral standards of their respective profession.

Lesson 31

Control Techniques

Administrators have a series of resources to control the operations of a company, among

which we have:

Budget techniques .

In these, the plans, programs and objectives are expressed in quantitative, measurable terms, which
greatly facilitates the comparison of what was done in relation to what was planned. Examples of
this type of budgets are: income budgets, expenditure budgets, input and material budgets, labor
budget, etc.

Non-budgetary techniques.
They are additional control resources that are frequently used in any company. Among these
techniques we find statistical data, special reports or analyses, direct observation, audit programs,
the break-even point, etc.

Modern control techniques .

Among these techniques we can find the Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT),
Gantt Chart or Activity Schedule, Direct Costing and Operations Research, among others.

The point of balance.

This is known as the situation in which a company's total sales equal its total costs, that is, a
situation in which the company neither wins nor loses. This analysis allows administrators to have
accurate data, related to the total fixed and variable costs most convenient for the organization, to
maximize profits through planned sales.
The break-even point is established through a graph that shows the relationship between profits and
different sales volumes, in which income exactly covers costs and therefore, there are neither
profits nor losses.

To calculate the break-even point, it is necessary to decompose costs into fixed and variable costs.
Fixed costs remain constant, regardless of the production volume. Variable costs are directly
related to the level of production. The period to perform the break-even analysis must be specified,
and it is recommended to work with data from one year. It can be determined graphically and
algebraically based on data from any year.

A graph with the equilibrium point is presented as an illustration, in which the ordinate scale or
"Y" represents the monetary units, in this case dollars, and the abscissa scale or "X" reflects the
graph of the graph. .
Fixed costs are represented by the chart line (CF), since they are considered constant and
independent of the chart chart.
Total costs are represented by the line CT, which starts from the intersection of CF. Sales on the V
line from the point of origin or zero on the graph. The point where the lines of CT and V intersect
represents the Balance Point. The area to the right of this point reflects the potential profit and the
area to the left demonstrates the potential losses.

As an illustration, let's look at the following case:

Let PV be the selling price of a product, PV= $12.00 dollars.

Let CF be the fixed costs of ráficame in the period, CF= $3,000.00 dollars, which includes costs of
ráficament, ráficame, salaries, rents, etc.
Let CVU be the variable costs per unit, CVU= $6.00 dollars.

To find the equilibrium point we will need the following formulas:

Substituting values into the formula we have the following:

So, to break even, the company needs to produce and sell a total of 500 units.

Now, we need to find the income necessary to be in balance, for which the following formula is
used:

Substituting values we have:

Consequently, the company needs to obtain income of $6,000 in sales, so as not to win or lose.

Graphically, the Breakeven Point would be represented as follows:

 Lesson 32

Bibliography

Reference Bibliography.

Below are some books that are considered to be an essential source of reference for all those
people who wish to know and delve a little deeper into the wonderful world of Business
Administration and Management.

· Koontz, Harold, "Administration", 12th Edition, McGraw Hill, Mexico, 2003.

· Hernández y Rodríguez, Sergio, "Administration, thought, process, strategy and

vanguard", Mc Graw Hill, Mexico, 2002.

· Chiavenato, Idalberto, "Administration in new times", McGraw Hill, Colombia, 2002.

· Koontz, Harold, "Elements of Administration", 6th Edition, McGraw Hill, Mexico,

2001.

· Schemerhorn, John R., "Administration", Limusa Wiley, Mexico, 2001.

· Hellriegel, Don - Slocum, John W., "Administration", 7th Edition, International

Thomson Editores, Mexico 19

END OF THE COURSE

 How to make a resume

Success in the job search depends on many factors and among them is the preparation of
a good resume . A resume contains the most important information about us so that the
employer can have a clear concept of what type of people we are in the workplace.

A resume shows the best of the job applicant, it is where you will find data about the
type of education you have received, the work experience you have, the addresses and
numbers where you can contact them, references about work experiences among other
data.

In this article we will show you how to make a resume . This information will give you
a clearer idea of how to write a good resume .

Personal information
Every resume must show the person's personal data at the beginning. The data that must
go in this section are: Names and surnames, current city and country, address, age,
telephone number and email address . If you are a foreigner, specify which country you
are from and enter the number of your identity document.

It is also important that in this part you place a current passport-type photo. Try to post
a photo in which you appear wearing a formal garment (shirt or blouse) to give it a
serious character.

Introduction

In this part you must provide a brief description of what your qualities are as a
professional and what objectives you seek to achieve in a job. You can mention what
motivated you to develop the career or job you chose. Remember that you should not
write more than four lines.

Work experience

In this part you must enter the positions held in previous jobs . You must place them in
chronological order, mentioning the years and dates in which you held the positions and
also the places where said jobs were located.

Academic training

In this part of the resume you must include the studies you have completed that are
related to the job for which you are applying. Place this information in chronological
order, mentioning the years and the start and end dates of the profession or specialty you
studied.

After this you can place other studies that could be complementary to your career, such
as a course in the computer area or a language course.

Capabilities

In this section of the resume, make a list of the skills you have to do a good job . For
example, if you apply for a job where you will work with several people, mention that
you have the ability to work as a team .

If it is a job where you must be permanently active, mention that you have the ability to
work under pressure. These capabilities are important because in this way the employer
will know if you fit the profile of the worker they need.

References

This is the final part of a resume. Here you must mention the people who were your
superiors or who can attest to your previous jobs . Mention the first and last name of
those people, what position they held when you worked with them, what company they
belonged to, and a phone number or email so they can be contacted.

Image: David Castillo Dominici / FreeDigitalPhotos.net

Tags:
, tips for making a
resume , cv , how to make a cv , how to make a resume , tips for making a cv
resume , good ideas for making a cv , good ideas for making a resume , ideas for making
a cv , ideas for making a resume , good tips for making a CV

How to make a successful resume :

Nowadays, it seems that there are fewer and fewer jobs and more people applying. The
first impression you will give to the company is your resume , which should stand out
from the crowd. There are a few ways to make this happen so you can get an interview .

In the current difficult economic situation, we constantly see that the few job openings
available have more and more applicants. Generally, you start by sending a resume, and
if it is attractive to the employer , it opens up the possibility of being interviewed in
person and continuing in the selection process .

So, our resume becomes the first impression our potential future boss has of us. It
depends on him if we will have the opportunity for an interview, or if we will move to
the group of those who do not.
The first thing we have to do to impress is personalize.

You can no longer have a single file that is sent without reviewing every call it appears.
We must read what they ask for in the call carefully, and from that review how we can
advertise our skills so that they are as similar as possible to what the company is
looking for.

I'm not saying that we should lie, far from it (that can cause problems later) but rather
select and organize the information ( studies , workshops, previous experience) so that
the recruiter can quickly see what we have done that is beneficial for this particular
position. .

Normally a recruiter gives an average of 30 seconds to each of the hundreds of resumes

he receives. This is why we must start with a quick and enjoyable presentation, where
our strengths are visible at first glance.

Next, when describing our previous work experience , we should highlight our special
achievements at each site, so that the company can see what things we have done well
in the past. Finally, we must show our studies: don't forget to write about workshops
and extracurricular activities that connect with the company and the position.

It is also important that all the information looks comfortable to read: a good first
impression is achieved with no more than two pages of relevant information, with a font
size that is comfortable to read, and with enough space between paragraphs so that it
does not It is tiring for the eyes .
Remember: there are hundreds of papers on that table, and if they find something with
too small print or too long, they won't bother reading it all.

Don't forget to put your contact information correctly and in an orderly manner, always
try to include an email and telephone numbers , both landline and mobile, so that they
can locate you quickly in case they want an interview. It often happens that, as they
have so many applicants, they try a couple of times to contact one and if they don't
succeed, they move on to the next one.

Before clicking on “Print”, check a couple of times that everything is in order, the
paragraphs are properly justified in the margins, and there are no spelling or typing
errors: this is essential. A resume with errors in this regard is automatically viewed as “
unprofessional ” and will not be considered.

Don't forget: when looking for a job , you are selling yourself as a product. Your
resume is your advertising, so you must personalize it according to your audience,
organize it in an attractive way and take care of the details. This way you will make a
good first impression, and you will have more opportunities to pass the interview and
differentiate yourself from the rest.

Image: Ambro / FreeDigitalPhotos.net

Original examples of work goals to include in your CV or Curriculum Vitae :

Remember if you are applying for a job and are about to prepare your Curriculum
Vitae, check carefully whether you have included your professional goals which you
aspire to achieve in your new job.

The personnel managers of a company , Recruiters, Employment Agencies, receive

thousands of resumes from applicants for a new job , whether they call you for the long-
awaited personnel interview will depend on the quality of your CV.

That is why it is important to emphasize that your professional goals are clearly
indicated in your resume.

The idea of publishing these original models of career goals is precisely to provide all
Internet users with a useful tool for writing their Curriculum Vitae.

Below are several impressive examples of work goals:

My work goals 1:
Telecommunications and systems engineer with the firm idea of resuming my career
and being an entrepreneurial person with a great desire to learn and update myself in the
field.
My work goals 2 :
I am a professional willing to practice in different areas of industrial engineering, and at
the same time give the company my greatest strength, which is the knowledge acquired
about industrial control.

I hope to fulfill myself in a pleasant work environment, to work as a team and benefit
from the experiences of professionals and co-workers in general. I am willing to occupy
the position that helps me in my professional development and in this way provide the
benefits that the company requires.

My work goals 3 :
As a recently graduated Public Accountant and although I do not have work experience
, I request the opportunity to demonstrate and develop the knowledge acquired in the
course of my university preparation, and at the same time contribute the best of my
profession and my personality to the company that gives me the opportunity.
opportunity to get the experience I need.

My work goals 4 :
Develop my responsibility , professionalism and creativity within a solid company.
Through the knowledge I have obtained inside and outside of my career; in addition to
applying the new skills and experience that you acquire. Always keep in mind
efficiency, effectiveness and give added value to my work through innovative and
useful ideas.

My career goals 5 :
Integrate and lead work teams with strong motivation for the management and
optimization of production processes.

Lead projects that involve challenges for the company , that require a high level of
commitment and that allow the application of acquired knowledge and experience.

My work goals 6 :
Achieve individual and collective commitment from the members of the company, in
order to sustainably improve the performance of management systems.

Lead the company to meet quality standards for its products, meeting the established
objectives .

My work goals 7 :
I would like to work in a company that allows me to develop professionally in order to
serve it.

My work goals 8 :
Develop the professional skills acquired throughout the career, carrying out activities in
areas that allow both professional and personal growth. Likewise, achieve the optimal
fulfillment of any responsibility obtained, always demonstrating leadership at a
professional level.

My work goals 9 :
Obtain a position in the areas of export and import, logistics, purchasing and marketing.
Be an excellent professional when providing my services towards achieving the
company's objectives by seeking alternatives for development and efficiency in the
company. Continue with my career and professional development.

My work goals 10 :
Develop within a successful company in the various economic-administrative areas and
apply all my knowledge to be successful in my professional and personal growth.

My work goals 11 :
Develop myself in the area of engineering, processes and/or manufacturing, in a solid
company that allows me to improve both personally and professionally, through
experiences, preparation and development of projects, achieving job stability.

If you want to collaborate with this portal, send your work goals so that other Internet
users like you can be published, they will thank you.

Image: graur codrin / FreeDigitalPhotos.net

Free professional objective models , examples of professional expectations :

In this article we provide you with some examples of goals in the professional area, so
that you can best prepare your resume , resume , as you know, part of a good resume is
setting your professional expectations, or professional goals as others call them. People,
remember that in this section you must highlight your capabilities and competencies
that identify you, and what you expect from the new company to which you are
applying for a job .

Professional Objectives 1:
Find an organization that allows me to apply the knowledge acquired in the years of
study , as well as my ability to plan, organize and direct the operation of a company in
companies and related companies. Be part of a work team and consolidate myself
professionally in a company where personal achievements and performance are
recognized, in addition to allowing opportunities for personal and professional
development.

Professional Objectives 2 :
Perform, offer and develop all my innate capabilities, achieving an excellent result in
the work and assigned area; Furthermore, through the responsibility and trust placed in
me, I will acquire an unparalleled experience, with which I will achieve an important
step in my personal improvement, along with the pride of being part of your work team.

Professional Objectives 3:
Obtain a position in the sales administration area, to contribute with my work
experience and skill in achieving the general goals of the company and the
responsibilities in my charge, with the opportunity to continue developing.
Professional Objectives 4:
Establish and consolidate myself in a company that gives me job stability, apply my
experiences and knowledge in the administrative and operational areas of the company,
and develop professionally for the good performance of assigned functions.

Professional Objectives 5:
Achieve achievements within the company, contributing with my professional
experience, attitude, values and ethics, always seeking to improve in all the activities I
carry out, thereby achieving positions of greater responsibility and challenge. Offering
solutions according to the company's expectations.

Professional Objectives 6:
Obtain a position to participate and collaborate with my experience, skills , knowledge
and personal competencies in achieving the company's objectives and continue with my
professional development.

Professional Objectives 7:
I offer my employers culinary and managerial experience obtained over many years in
the main Hotels and restaurants of the Costa Azzurra.
Organization and control in all kitchen activities. Experience in new openings and
everything that entails (cost control, development and creation of menus, acquisition of
equipment, hiring and training of work team, relationship, organization of human team,
management activities in food and beverage service.

Professional Objectives 8:
Apply and develop my skills and knowledge in the area of gastronomy , especially in
the area of menu design, baking, event organization and in the administrative area as
well as in sensory evaluation and quality, management activities in food and beverage
service .

Professional Objectives 9:
Find an organization that allows me to apply the knowledge acquired during the years
of study, as well as my ability to plan, organize and direct the operation of a company in
companies and related companies. Be part of a work team and consolidate myself
professionally in a company where personal achievements and performance are
recognized, in addition to allowing opportunities for personal and professional
development.

Professional Objectives 10:

Perform, offer and develop all my innate capabilities, achieving an excellent result in
the work and assigned area; Furthermore, through the responsibility and trust placed in
me, I will acquire an unparalleled experience, with which I will achieve an important
step in my personal improvement, along with the pride of being part of your work team.

Professional Objectives 11:

Develop a professional career both in the field of organizational and productive
management of a company.
Acquire work experience in the industrial sector. Accompany the development of new
technologies through continuous training.

Professional Objectives 12:

Belong to a work team where I can apply knowledge and experience acquired
throughout my career , with constant feedback and opportunities for growth, where I
can highlight my potential to the maximum, through challenges and recognition for
achievements achieved.

Professional Objectives 13:

Achieve personal improvement day by day and provide the knowledge for better work
performance.

Professional Objectives 14:

Improve myself in all aspects of my life, giving the best of myself every day, both in
the work and personal aspects.

Professional Objectives 15:

Continue in the working world contributing my knowledge in the area of design and
advertising, as well as my professional, social and economic growth.

Professional Objectives 16:

belong to a company where I develop all the skills acquired to achieve the company's
objectives and personal projects as well as personal and professional improvement,
focusing on the development of attitudes, aptitudes and abilities for performance in my
professional area and the Growth of the company .

Professional Objectives 17:

I am a person with the ability to work in a team and committed to achieving objectives.

Professional Objectives 18:

Focus on challenging projects in the area of supervision and coordination, always
having better performance for work and personal improvement. Development in the
management area always taking into consideration growth opportunities for a better life.

Professional Objectives 18:

Develop and prepare myself in the area of international marketing and develop the
maximum potential in said field and thus grow as a professional and person.

Professional Objectives 19:

Enter a company where I can put all my knowledge into practice, which gives me the
opportunity to achieve all my set goals, and also offers me the opportunity to grow in
the work, personal and intellectual area.

More Professional goals: 1 2 3

Image: jscreationzs/FreeDigitalPhotos.net
Tags:
objective for resume , personal and professional expectations , objectives of a professional career , Examples
of professional objectives , professional objectives , professional objectives for resume

Examples of skills and abilities for resume

Models of skills and abilities for Curriculum :

Part of a serious professional resume is to highlight those particular and professional

skills that we possess and that may be of special interest to the future company that will
provide them with that much sought after job and to which they are sending their
resume , hoping it will be read and above all, the beginning of the call for that much-
desired personal interview .

Below we propose some examples of qualities, abilities and skills that can be
personalized and adapted to your criteria.

Example of skills and abilities 1:

I like to train every day, I am responsible, honest, organized, punctual. I have
knowledge in Excel, Word, Power Point. Willing to work , creating a good work
environment, I easily comply with the rules. I am always willing to learn and meet my
goals on a personal and professional level.

Example of skills and abilities 2:

Good interpersonal relationships within the work environment, and outside of it.
Ability to perform in any position in which I have no experience, but really the desire
and ability to perform and carry out.
Example of skills and abilities 3:
Basic knowledge of computer packages, web navigation, human relations, personnel
management, inventory control, basic administration, and contracts.

Example of skills and abilities 4:

I consider myself a responsible, diligent, proactive, innovative and leadership
professional, with the ability to work as a team and make decisions in critical situations
or under pressure.

In terms of technical strength, I have knowledge in the area of automation and

instrumentation, which allows establishing control of industrial processes and their
maintenance; I have the ability to carry out production and profitability projects, and the
availability to learn in any necessary area.

Example of skills and abilities 5:

Lic. in Business Administration responsible, diligent, proactive, creative, accustomed
to working under pressure in search of objectives, problem solving, teamwork ,
responsibility and quick learning.

Example of skills and abilities 6:

As an Industrial Engineer , an expert in Industrial safety, I have extensive knowledge
about the Organic Law of Prevention, Conditions and the Environment.
Capacity to work under pressure.
Management of computer programs : Word, Power Point, Excel, AutoCAD, Internet
and other basic software of my profession.
Skill to carry out work procedures, security in Wi-Fi networks .
Ability to resolve any eventuality at work .

Example of skills and abilities 7:

As a journalist and social communicator I have skills to investigate, write and publish
reporting in a clear and transparent way.
Management of journalistic sources, graphic reporting, basic office knowledge and
photo retouching programs, such as Photoshop, layout, indesing, and video editing,
premiere pro.

Skills for creating different visual compositions for photography; ability to work in
different social contexts that require journalistic work.

The above framed in teamwork; seeking to take on learning challenges that aim to
achieve key goals and objectives for both business and personal growth.

Example of skills and abilities 8:

As a Civil Engineer I have extensive knowledge in construction systems specialized in
Buildings, bridges and roads, with leadership of groups on site, personal organization,
people skills, perseverance, ability to adapt.

Image: Ambro / FreeDigitalPhotos.net

how to make a good occupational profile

What it is and how to make an Occupational

Profile , recommendations:

An occupational profile is the description made by a professional or worker regarding

their competencies, skills and abilities to perform efficiently in a specific job position.
Universities also usually write occupational profiles to describe the knowledge and
skills that students will acquire upon completing their studies .

Both professionals and personnel recruiting companies create occupational profiles. In

the case of professionals or workers, they write this type of profile to demonstrate that
they meet the characteristics or requirements necessary to occupy a certain job position.
In the case of personnel recruiters, they do this to facilitate the selection of personnel.

Unlike the professional profile , which consists of mentioning the professional careers
(or the studies acquired), which would allow certain functions to be performed; The
occupational profile refers to the capabilities and skills that a professional or worker
must have to occupy a certain position or job.

Now, to write a good occupational profile it is necessary to carry out an analysis and
description of the position or job that you want to fill. Then, the capabilities and abilities
that the professional or worker has based on the training, preparation and training
obtained must be described. The functions and tasks carried out in previous professional
(or work) experiences must also be taken into account.
A good occupational profile should describe the area within which the worker will
perform efficiently. It must mention the conditions and situations that demonstrate that
the worker will be able to efficiently carry out certain activities or functions. Likewise,
it is recommended to describe the evidence or tests (results and achievements) that
make it possible to verify that the worker or professional is the ideal person to occupy a
certain job position.

Finally, it is important to mention that in the curriculum vitae of a professional, the

occupational profile occupies the section in which all the capabilities and skills acquired
during academic training and previous experiences are described. It is important that the
description of the occupational profile, in a resume, is related to the job for which you
are applying.

To better clarify the definition of a good occupational profile, below we will leave
you some examples:

- Professional trained to plan, design and execute environmental management programs

in mining companies.

- Professional with the ability to investigate events of public interest at a national and
international level.

- Professional trained to execute sustainable development projects in rural areas.

- Professional with the ability to develop and execute social development projects in
vulnerable areas.

- Creative professional with the ability to contribute new ideas in the advertising field.

- Professional trained to plan, design and execute real estate projects in seismic zones.

- Professional with leadership and negotiation skills to develop various activities in the
marketing area.

- Professional with the ability to supervise the performance of other employees .

- Professional with the ability to perform various tasks in the areas of marketing, human
resources, international business, finance , among others.

Image: Paul / FreeDigitalPhotos.net

Tags:
What is the occupational profile , occupational profile , occupational profile for resume , how to write the
occupational profile

How to keep my job, tips to keep your job

 How to keep your job in any circumstance :

There are various people who find it very difficult to keep their job, either because of
the recession, high demand or because they simply did not know how to keep it because
they could not adapt to their superiors, the work environment and they did not really
understand their role within the company. the company . Putting into practice some
basic tips on how to take care of your job is the solution to the problem; in other words,
a lot of attitude on your part is the key to success at work.

An unemployed person does his or her best when looking for a job, collecting
information from advertisements and newspapers, adapting his or her resume according
to the offer for which he or she is applying, preparing to successfully take the
psychotechnical exams to which he or she will be subjected. almost all the job
interviews you will go to and only when you have achieved your goal will you be
calmer.

However, many of these people ignore that all that desire and sacrifice put into
searching for that job does not end there, on the contrary, it is the beginning of the true
effort and dedication that must continue to maintain and preserve that job that they love
so much. it was hard to get. Today, the recession that is hitting the United States and
Europe hard has weakened the labor market , leading to a much more serious situation
and increasing the unemployment figures that they already had in the past, which will
continue to increase in the short term. And if we add to this the high labor demand ,
added to the new professionals who are joining the world of work, we realize the
importance of the issue.

For this reason, below we will share some suggestions or tips for you to apply so
you can keep your job:

1. Stay on top of everything.

You must be aware of the constant personnel changes that your company makes in order
to know the reasons why workers are removed from their positions, find out the most
important areas of your company to request a transfer to that area, and try to search
conversations with the closest boss to find out what expectations they have of you and
in what situations they would no longer have your services within the company.

2. Consolidate yourself in your position.

Be the best from day one. Put a lot of effort and dedication into your work, this will
make your boss recognize you as someone very important within the company and will
do everything possible to keep you in your position.

3. Evaluate yourself

You must know the reasons why you were hired, the functions that you must fully
perform, the goals and projections that the company has in the medium and long term.
All this information will allow you to make a daily evaluation of your work within the
company , as well as to know how they evaluate your work day by day.

4. Trust your abilities and skills

Talk to your superiors and let them know your concern about improving the company's
productivity, and how you can collaborate to move it forward. Ask for advice from
people with more experience and contribute innovative ideas so that you are always
taken into account.

5. Train yourself constantly

Don't rest on your laurels. Always try to train from time to time so that you are prepared
and updated in everything related to your field of work. Remember that you never stop
learning. All the knowledge you gain will be considered valuable to your boss.

6. Maintain a good work environment

Avoid all types of lawsuits and misunderstandings within the company. Stay away from
negative comments that arise around you. On the contrary, try to create a pleasant
atmosphere at work with your colleagues. Be friendly and cooperative with new
workers. That will speak well of you and you will be a respected and appreciated
person.

7. Be cautious and show maturity

Try as much as possible to arrive at the work center at the indicated time. Always take
precautions by leaving early in case any inconvenience occurs. Your punctuality and
responsibility will speak highly of you. Your bosses will highly value these virtues.

8. Live a healthy and calm life

Maintain a good image of yourself, taking care of both the physical and mental aspects.
Don't let stress or worry get to you. Release all kinds of tensions, as that would greatly
harm your career . Live a healthy life at home and exercise whenever you can. When the
mind is healthy the body is healthy. Sleep well and eat well.

9. Network in your company

Socializing and making friends will make your life easier at work and will allow you to
improve your performance within your area.

10. Get to know your boss

Knowing your superior better is very important because it will allow you to develop an
excellent relationship with him and also ensure his development and progress within the
company.

In conclusion, all these tips can be translated into attitude, empathy and ease of relating;
important aspects to achieve success at work.

Images by: arinas74

http://www.multimedia-stock.com/arinas74

Tips to make a woman fall in love online

Tips to seduce a woman online , How to make a

woman fall in love over Chat :
 Not all men are lucky enough to find the girl of their dreams and that is the reason why
there are still many single men.

However, there is a simple way to meet beautiful and interesting women and it is
through various pages that exist on the Internet, where many women from different
parts of the world and of all ages seek to meet a man to establish a loving relationship ,
a adventure or simply a friendship .

But since it is not always easy to win the heart of the woman who impressed us from the
first moment we discovered her on a contact or chat page, in this article we will give
you some necessary tips to meet and conquer that woman for whom you reveal yourself

The first thing you should do before venturing to chat with a girl via chat or any social
network , such as Facebook , Tuenti , Twitter ...for example, you need to create a good
personal profile . To do this, you must post interesting information but do not appear
arrogant. Talk about your hobbies, your likes, your interests, etc. You must tell what
you are looking for, what type of women you like (be careful: do not describe them
physically, but try to refer to their personality).

And don't even think about posting a photo in which you appear naked or semi-naked,
because the only thing you will do is make women make fun of you or not take you
seriously.

Once you have written a suggestive personal profile, you can set out to win over
the prettiest girl on the web, but first you should keep the following tips in mind:

When you chat with a girl online, don't try to impress her by telling her lies or
exaggerating reality. Don't even think about starting the conversation by talking about
your professional or sporting achievements.

Don't tell him how responsible and generous you are either. Qualities are not said, they
are demonstrated with actions. Remember that the best way to impress a woman is by
trying not to impress her.

Don't tell a girl that you go to the Internet because you are unlucky in love or because
you are a failure. You must keep in mind that you are a nice man with many qualities,
but a little busy.

Have a sense of humor. Every woman likes a funny guy who is able to make her smile.
Make jokes without being annoying. Humor will allow you to gain trust and move
forward in the relationship. If you are truly interested in her, it is important that you
give her a pleasant time.
Talk to him about the things you like. To do this, you need to leave your house and do
activities that you can talk about when you connect. You can do sports, music, etc. You
have to show him that you are a happy person, who makes plans and has fun with his
friends .

If you like to travel, don't miss the opportunity to talk to her about everything you've
known, women like risky and adventurous men.

It is also very important to demonstrate a lot of confidence and self-assurance. No

woman resists a man who can offer her security.

Finally, remember that in the first email or message you send you should never ask for
their phone number , if you don't want to seem desperate. And don't think that you
should compliment a woman for her physical beauty , but for her way of being or
thinking.

In short, always remember that the image that a man must project to conquer a woman
is that of a fun, intelligent, kind and charismatic man.

Image: Salvatore Vuono / FreeDigitalPhotos.net

Beautiful Happy Birthday Messages

Happy birthday greetings

The greatest joy a person can have on their birthday is to feel the love of their friends
and family on this day. A birthday is a unique occasion to celebrate having another year
of life, a day to have a good time and enjoy the company of loved ones.

If you have a friend who is celebrating a birthday, greet them warmly and wish them a
happy birthday . Do you want to send a birthday greeting that expresses your best
wishes ? Below we will show you some happy birthday greetings that you can send as
SMS or to the Facebook wall of the birthday person.
Free examples of happy birthday greetings :

- “You are a super special friend because every day you show me your friendship , I
wish you a happy birthday, have a fantastic day”
Category: Happy birthday messages

- “I hope you have a lot of fun this day and have a wonderful time, it's your birthday and
I want you to be very happy”
Category: Happy birthday messages

- “We have known each other for a long time and I know that on a day like this you
expect to receive greetings from those of us who are your friends, that you have a happy
birthday.”
Category: Happy birthday messages

- “I and all of us who are your friends wish you a happy birthday and many more to
come, it is a sincere wish for a great friend like you”
Category: Happy birthday messages

- “Be happy that today is your birthday, you know that I love you very much and
consider you important in my life, that's why I send you all my love and my best
wishes.”
Category: Happy birthday messages

- “Today is a very special day for you and I want you to be happy and have a wonderful
time, happy birthday dear friend ”
Category: Happy birthday messages

- “I never forget your birthday because you have a special place in my heart, I wish you
with all my soul a happy birthday”
Category: Happy birthday messages

- “When it is your birthday we are all happy because fun is guaranteed, celebrate and
have a good time, have a happy birthday and many more to come”
Category: Happy birthday messages

- “If birthdays are like people, then you will have a happy birthday, congratulations and
continue giving everyone that beautiful smile”
Category: Happy birthday messages

- “It doesn't matter how old you are or what day of the week it will be, the only thing
that really matters is that it is a nice day and you are surrounded by people who
appreciate you, happy birthday.”
Category: Happy birthday messages
- “I can only wish a soul friend like you a happy birthday, you are a magnificent being
with a big heart, keep it up and you will celebrate many more birthdays”
Category: Happy birthday messages

- “Before I go to work I wanted to send you this message and be the first to tell you
happy birthday, you are my best friend and I wish you happiness and good luck in the
future ”
Category: Happy birthday messages

- “On days like these I would like to be close to visit you, give you a hug and be by your
side, in any case nothing will prevent me from telling you that you are a good friend,
that I love you very much and that I wish you a happy birthday”
Category: Happy birthday messages

These birthday greetings are so good that the people you send them to will want to
receive them every time they have a birthday.

Image: Simon Howden / FreeDigitalPhotos.net

If you wish, you can collaborate with this portal by sending your messages, thoughts ,
posts , SMS, phrases , Happy Birthday Messages, and other Internet users like you
will be published, they will thank you.

Tags:
nice happy birthday wishes , happy birthday quotes , happy birthday wishes , happy birthday
speech , happy birthday posts , send happy birthday greetings , happy birthday phrases ,
happy birthday text messages , happy birthday messages , words happy birthday, happy
birthday thoughts , happy birthday post , happy birthday reflections , happy birthday
greetings , happy birthday sms , happy birthday texts

Beautiful Texts for Wedding Cards

 Texts for wedding cards

The day a couple gets married should be the most important day for both of them. It is a
day when they will finally see their dream come true of uniting forever and living their
love for the rest of their lives. On such an important event, the couple's guests and
friends send wedding cards congratulating the couple on their engagement.

Do you want to send a wedding card with a nice message ? Don't worry, here you will
find the best texts for wedding cards . Write some of these texts in the wedding card that
you will send and express your best wishes to the couple on their wedding day.

Free examples of texts for wedding cards :

- “Joining one another in marriage is a sacred commitment, love and respect each other
for the rest of your lives and you will be very happy together, congratulations.”
Category: Phrases for wedding cards

- “You have made the decision to get married and be happy, I congratulate you from the
bottom of my heart and I am sure that you will achieve a life full of wonderful
moments, many congratulations”
Category: Phrases for wedding cards

- “It is nice to know that two people who love each other so much will come together in
marriage, I hope that their love lasts a lifetime and that they learn from each other day
by day, congratulations”
Category: Phrases for wedding cards

- “It is your wedding day and I hope it is an unforgettable day for both of you, I have
known you since you were friends and I wish you the greatest happiness in the world for
your marriage”
Category: Phrases for wedding cards

- “Congratulations bride and groom, your wedding has a special meaning, it is the
triumph of love in the face of adversity, it is the union of two people who love above all
things, I wish you the best for this new stage in your lives”
Category: Phrases for wedding cards

- “Every wedding has something special but in couples there is always something in
common, the excitement and happiness of joining the person they love, congratulations
to both”
Category: Phrases for wedding cards

- “If all couples loved each other as much as you do, this would be a better world, you
deserve all the happiness in the world, united in marriage you will be very happy”
Category: Phrases for wedding cards

- “The wedding is perhaps the most beautiful day for the couple but it cannot be
compared to the happiness that both will feel when they begin to live their love as
spouses, be very happy friends”
Category: Phrases for wedding cards

- “You have decided to get married because of the great love you feel and just seeing
you together is enough to know that that feeling is true, my best wishes to you and that
it will be a fantastic and unforgettable wedding”
Category: Phrases for wedding cards

- “By reading this card you will have already become husband and wife , I wish you
both with all my heart that you are very happy and that nothing in the world separates
you, your destiny is to live your love forever.”
Category: Phrases for wedding cards

- “You make a beautiful couple and that is why destiny decided to unite your lives
forever in the name of love, enjoy your marriage every day and it will make your world
a paradise, congratulations”
Category: Phrases for wedding cards

We are sure that these texts for wedding cards with your best wishes will cause
enormous happiness to the new couple.

Image: digitalart / FreeDigitalPhotos.net

If you wish, you can collaborate with this portal by sending your messages ,
thoughts , posts , sms, phrases, phrases for wedding cards, and other Internet users
like you will be published, they will thank you.

Tags:
, entries for wedding cards , phrases for wedding cards , messages
quotes for wedding cards
for wedding cards , words for wedding cards, thoughts for wedding cards , post for
wedding cards , reflections for wedding cards, texts for wedding cards
Heartbreak Messages for Cell Phone

heartbreak SMS for cell phone

Breaking up with a partner inevitably brings sadness and disappointment to our lives.
When we start a relationship we think that we will share our life with that person
forever and when it ends we feel that it was never true love .

Heartbreak is something that is difficult to overcome and to do so the best thing is to let
the pain out and express what we feel. Tell your ex-partner what you feel now and you
will see that you will feel better. In this article we will show you some heartbreak
messages for cell phones . Send one of these SMS and express how you feel now that
the love between you and your partner is over.

Free examples of heartbreak messages for cell phones :

- “You knew that my heart was as fragile as glass and you didn't care about breaking it
into a thousand pieces, I didn't think you would be capable of hurting me so much.”
Category: Heartbreak messages for cell phones

- “I asked you to be honest with me but my words never mattered to you, everything we
experienced was a lie but don't worry, I promise to tear you out of my life forever”
Category: Heartbreak messages for cell phones

- “Ours was love but it is over, someone else appeared in my life and I know that I must
follow what my heart tells me, I am sorry that things end like this”
Category: Heartbreak messages for cell phones

- “One day you were everything to me and today you no longer exist, I never wanted to
hurt you but love is like that and we have to accept that there is nothing between you
and me anymore”
Category: Heartbreak messages for cell phones
- “Because you didn't break up with me before cheating on me with someone else,
discovering that I wasn't the only one kissing your lips broke my heart.”
Category: Heartbreak messages for cell phones

- “I don't want to look for culprits or reasons for our separation , the only thing I want to
ask of you is that you never come close to me again in your entire life.”
Category: Heartbreak messages for cell phones

- “To forget me you messed with the first woman who passed by you, to forget you I
will burn all your photos and letters with promises of love”
Category: Heartbreak messages for cell phones

- “You fooled me by telling me that you kept my heart in a special place when in reality
you had it at the bottom of the trash can.”
Category: Heartbreak messages for cell phones

- “We had so many plans and suddenly everything was over, I don't want you to explain
anything to me, my eyes have seen everything, I was just another fun in your life”
Category: Heartbreak messages for cell phones

- “When we sat in the park in front of the moon and you swore your love to me, I felt
like the happiest woman in the world. I would give anything to turn back time and avoid
meeting you so as not to feel this disappointment.”
Category: Heartbreak messages for cell phones

- “I don't understand why you said you loved only me when you had someone else in
your life, I fell madly in love and I have to accept that I fell into your game and lost.”
Category: Heartbreak messages for cell phones

- “I was beginning to believe that there was someone special for me until I discovered
your lies, maybe I will never be able to get you out of my heart completely but I will
never believe in you again.”
Category: Heartbreak messages for cell phones

- “I'm still breathing but this disappointment ended up killing my desire to fall in love
and find true love.”
Category: Heartbreak messages for cell phones

These heartbreak messages for cell phones will help you express to your ex- boyfriend
how you feel now that your relationship has come to an end.

Image: Ambro / FreeDigitalPhotos.net

If you wish, you can collaborate with this portal by sending your messages, thoughts ,
posts , SMS, phrases , heartbreak messages for cell phones, and other Internet users
like you will be published, they will thank you.

Tags:
heartbreak quotes for cell phone, heartbreak speech for cell phone, heartbreak entries for
cell phone, heartbreak phrases for cell phone , heartbreak text messages for cell phone,
heartbreak messages for cell phone , heartbreak words for cell phone , heartbreak
thoughts for cell phone , heartbreak post for cell phone , heartbreak reflections for cell
phone, heartbreak sms for cell phone , heartbreak texts for cell phone

Beautiful Phrases to Post on Facebook

Phrases to post on Facebook

Having a Facebook account allows you to know what is happening with your friends at
any time and anywhere. People go to Facebook and the first thing they do is see the
updates, look at the photos and videos that their friends have posted, make comments
and post phrases that describe the moment they are going through.

Facebook users upload millions of phrases daily about love , friendship , music,
situations that happen daily, etc. If you want to upload a phrase to Facebook, this will
interest you. Below we will show you some phrases to post on Facebook . Post any of
these phrases and you will see that many of your friends shared it with other users.

Free examples of phrases to post on Facebook :

- “Don't think about how long you will be with the person you love, just enjoy the
moment that nothing lasts forever.”
Category: Phrases to post on Facebook

- “If the person you like ignores your presence, don't insist, the world is spinning and
when the same thing happens to them you will enjoy seeing how they suffer”
Category: Phrases to post on Facebook
- “Some close their eyes when they kiss because they are truly in love , others do it to
imagine that they are kissing the person they truly love.”
Category: Phrases to post on Facebook

- “You say you don't believe in love but I bet that deep inside you you wait for the ideal
person in your life”
Category: Phrases to post on Facebook

- “At a party thousands of things can happen, like having a love affair and not
remembering anything the next day.”
Category: Phrases to post on Facebook

- “There are such good moments in life that you don't need a camera, those wonderful
moments will be recorded in our memory forever.”
Category: Phrases to post on Facebook

- “Saying I love you is like a double-edged sword, it can make you win a person's love
or it can simply kill the friendship that united you”
Category: Phrases to post on Facebook

- “While you still pine for his love, he has already found a good replacement for you”
Category: Phrases to post on Facebook

- “When a girl writes the word disappointed on Facebook it is because she wants
everyone to know about her pain, when a boy writes the word disappointed on
Facebook he wants a girl to excite him again.”
Category: Phrases to post on Facebook

- “On the last day of school you can no longer bear to declare your love to the person
you like.”
Category: Phrases to post on Facebook

- “The wind is responsible for carrying away fragile things like dry leaves, I would love
for it to take away this impossible love that I carry in my heart.”
Category: Phrases to post on Facebook

- “I know that one day the stars will illuminate my path, I know that one day people will
applaud my performance, I know that one day you will cry with joy and also with
disappointment because everything is written in our destiny”
Category: Phrases to post on Facebook

- “Some people manage to fly with their money , others go further just by using their
imagination”
Category: Phrases to post on Facebook

- “When you can't explain something bad you did, it's better to stay silent before you
make things worse.”
Category: Phrases to post on Facebook
- “There are things that we must take to be happy and others that we must leave to
forget our sorrows”
Category: Phrases to post on Facebook

We hope that these phrases to post on Facebook have been to your liking. All your
friends will want to post them on their walls.

Image: Stuart Miles / FreeDigitalPhotos.net

If you wish, you can collaborate with this portal by sending your messages ,
thoughts , posts , SMS, phrases, Phrases to post on Facebook, and other Internet
users like you will be published, they will thank you.

Tags:
, facebook , speech to post on facebook, entries to post on
quotes to post on facebook
facebook, send greetings to post on facebook, phrases to post on facebook , text
messages to post on facebook, messages to post on facebook , words to post on
facebook on Facebook, thoughts to post on Facebook , post to post on Facebook ,
reflections to post on Facebook, greetings to post on Facebook , sms to post on
Facebook , texts to post on Facebook, wishes to post on Facebook, beautiful wishes to
post on Facebook

Beautiful Texts for Moms

Beautiful texts for mothers

If your wish is to see your mother happy on her day, you cannot miss this article. Your
mom is one of the most special people in your life and therefore deserves the best. Don't
feel obligated to give her an expensive gift, assume that she will be happy to receive
something that has a special meaning, something that comes from your heart.
If your mom has a mobile phone , then be the first to brighten her day with a nice text
message . Below we will show you some beautiful texts for mothers. Send these texts to
your mom on Mother's Day and she will be very happy with how much you love her.

Examples of beautiful texts for mothers :

- “Mother, love is part of your essence and looking at you inspires me to think about a
better world, a world where there is as much love as what is in your heart.”
Category: Beautiful texts for mothers

- “When I hold your hand I feel that nothing can hurt me in this world, your love
protects me at all times and I know that it will be like this forever, happy day mom”
Category: Beautiful texts for mothers

- “I have lived by your side forever and I don't remember a sad day because you have
made every day like a beautiful dream , happy day mom, thank you for giving me your
sweet love”
Category: Beautiful texts for mothers

- “Mother, I am sure that you are an angel that God sent to this world to make me have a
happy life, your love makes me feel like a special being, being by your side I do not
need anything because your love satisfies my soul and me. brighten life, happy mother's
day”
Category: Beautiful texts for mothers

- “When no one dares to help me, you are there to do it, when I don't want to talk to
anyone you get me to talk to you, you can do everything mom, that's why I love you ,
happy day”
Category: Beautiful texts for mothers

- “I could never finish paying you for everything you do for me, there are days when I
feel like I can't take it anymore and you are there to give me the strength to continue, I
love you mom, happy day to you and all the mothers of this world"
Category: Beautiful texts for mothers

- “I enjoy every day with you, your caresses, your kisses , your advice and your
maternal love, being with you mommy is like living in a paradise, everything is
beautiful by your side, happy Mother's Day”
Category: Beautiful texts for mothers

- “Mother, you are beautiful inside and out because my eyes see you as a queen and my
soul feels you as my guardian angel, I feel happy to be your son and to live by your
side, today is Mother's Day and I want you to spend a wonderful day with me.”
Category: Beautiful texts for mothers
- “A mother like you is all that is needed to be happy, because you are in charge of
changing sad days into happy days with a sweet smile, happy day mom”
Category: Beautiful texts for mothers

We hope you liked these beautiful texts for mothers . Remember, a mother is happy
when she receives signs of affection from her children.

Image: David Castillo Dominici / FreeDigitalPhotos.net

If you wish, you can collaborate with this portal by sending your messages ,
thoughts , posts , SMS, phrases , beautiful texts for mothers, and other Internet users
like you will be published, they will thank you.

Tags:
, Mother's Day , speech for Mother's Day , tickets for Mother's
quotes for Mother's Day
Day , send greetings for Mother's Day , phrases for cell phones for Mother's Day ,
phrases for mother's day , text messages for mother's day , messages for mother's day ,
words for mother's day , thoughts for mother's day , post for mother's day , reflections
for mother's day , greetings for mother's day , sms for mother's day , texts for mother's
day , wishes for mothers on their day , beautiful wishes for mothers on their day ,
wishes for mother on her day , congratulations for mothers on Facebook ,
congratulations for mothers on Facebook , phrases for mother on her day , phrases for
mother on her day , beautiful texts for mothers

Beautiful SMS for Mother's Day

SMS for mother 's day

It is fortunate to be part of this era where there are no barriers that prevent us from
communicating with the people we love most in our lives. When a special date is
celebrated, we take our cell phone and contact our loved ones to congratulate them and
wish them the best.

On this Mother's Day, express your good wishes to your mother with a beautiful and
original text message . When your mother receives the SMS she will know that they
have a great son/daughter who does not forget their mother's love . In this article we will
show you some SMS for Mother's Day . Send them to your mom and all the moms you
know so they have a wonderful day.

Free SMS examples for Mother's Day :

- “Maybe there are many things that I lack in this world but what I will never lack will
be your love , I love you mommy, I wish you a happy Mother's Day”
Category: SMS for Mother's Day

- “I want you to know that you are a great woman , I value your effort very much, I
know that you do everything to see me fulfill my dreams, have a happy Mother's Day”
Category: SMS for Mother's Day

- “When I see photos where we are together it is inevitable to feel happy, at your side I
have only had good moments that will remain engraved in my mind and in my heart,
happy day dear mom”
Category: SMS for Mother's Day

- “I would love to be a child again and sit on your lap and listen to stories where I was
the prince and you were the most beautiful of all the queens, for me you will always be,
happy day mom”
Category: SMS for Mother's Day

- “Despite the mistakes I made, your way of loving me never changed and you are
always present in the important moments of my life, you are a being full of goodness
and seeing you makes me immensely happy , have a happy Mother's Day.” mother"
Category: SMS for Mother's Day

- “When you open this message , many memories of when I was a girl will come to
mind , I only ask you not to cry, be happy and happy, you deserve it more than anyone
in this world, happy Mother's Day”
Category: SMS for Mother's Day

- “I remember when you held my hand teaching me how to write my name and one day
I surprised you with a drawing of a heart with the word mom written inside. Today I
still carry that word deep inside me, have a happy Mother's Day. mother"
Category: SMS for Mother's Day
- “You told me that the day I was born was the best day of your life because from that
moment I became the person you love the most in this world, thank you mom for loving
me from my first day, happy mother's day”
Category: SMS for Mother's Day

- “I feel very happy because today is Mother's Day and I am lucky to have the best of
all, you always show me with every action and that is why I wish you happiness and the
best in the world, happy mother's day”
Category: SMS for Mother's Day

With these SMS for Mother's Day , you can send your best wishes for mom on this date.

Image: photostock / FreeDigitalPhotos.net

If you wish, you can collaborate with this portal by sending your messages ,
thoughts , posts , SMS, phrases , SMS for Mother's Day, and other Internet users like
you will be published, they will thank you.

Tags:
quotes for Mother's Day , Mother's Day , speech for Mother's Day , tickets for Mother's
Day , send greetings for Mother's Day , phrases for cell phones for Mother's Day ,
phrases for mother's day , text messages for mother's day , messages for mother's day ,
words for mother's day , thoughts for mother's day , post for mother's day , reflections
for mother's day , greetings for mother's day , sms for mother's day , texts for mother's
day , wishes for mothers on their day , beautiful wishes for mothers on their day ,
wishes for the mother on her day , congratulations for mothers on Facebook ,
congratulations for mothers on Facebook , phrases for the mother on her day , phrases
for the mother on her day

Good Morning Messages For A Woman

 Best good morning phrases for a woman

Make the woman you love feel happy from dawn. Wake her up in a very sweet way
with a nice good morning message . Let her know that the mornings are more beautiful
thanks to her, tell her a few words that fill her with encouragement so she can start the
day happy.

Do you want to send a good morning message to your girl but you don't know what to
say? Here is what you are looking for. In this article we will show you the best good
morning messages for a woman. Send one of these messages as SMS to your beloved
and from the morning she will be happy to have your love .

Examples of the best good morning messages for a woman :

- “Good morning darling, I was waiting for you to wake up so that with the first rays of
the sun you can receive all my love , I love you ”
Category: Good morning greetings for a woman

- “This morning I woke up very early and I was very happy because a photo of you was
the first thing I saw, I hope that this morning you are also very happy”
Category: Good morning greetings for a woman

- “It's already dawn, it's time for the most beautiful girl of all to open her eyes once and
for all, do it princess , a beautiful day awaits you.”
Category: Good morning greetings for a woman

- “I adore you woman, I think of you from the moment the sun rises until the night falls,
the thing is that I love you and you are the best thing in my life, good morning”
Category: Good morning greetings for a woman

- “I would love to wake up next to you every morning to give you a kiss and see how
you slowly wake up, in the meantime I will settle for sending you this good morning
message and telling you that I would give my life for you.”
Category: Good morning greetings for a woman
- “Good morning my love, I wanted to tell you that this will be a great day for you, for
me and for our immense love.”
Category: Good morning greetings for a woman

- “I live captivated by you, imagining your smile makes me happy, knowing that you
are sleeping gives me peace of mind and knowing that you are awake gives me hope
that it will be an unforgettable day with you”
Category: Good morning greetings for a woman

- “A woman like you deserves to be happy from the first minute of the day, so ask me
whatever you want, I am willing to do anything to make you smile this morning.”
Category: Good morning greetings for a woman

- “Before getting out of bed I took my cell phone and decided to write you this good
morning message, it was a natural impulse, something that my loving heart ordered”
Category: Good morning greetings for a woman

- “I'm sure that this morning will go very well for you, it's just that today I saw you
through my window leaving the house and at that moment the little birds let out a
beautiful song of happiness ”
Category: Good morning greetings for a woman

- “It is a wonderful day, the sun shines in the sky, love is in the air and the most
beautiful woman in the world is ready to face this world, that is your love, my love.”
Category: Good morning greetings for a woman

- “Every morning is beautiful when you are on my mind, when I think about us and how
lucky I am to have you in my life, good morning sweetheart.”
Category: Good morning greetings for a woman

- “I say good morning to you, so that you start the day well and don't forget that I am the
person who loves you the most in your life.”
Category: Good morning greetings for a woman

We are sure that by sending one of the best good morning messages for a woman , she
will feel very happy from the beginning of the day.

Image: photostock / FreeDigitalPhotos.net

If you wish, you can collaborate with this portal by sending your messages, thoughts ,
posts , SMS, phrases, good morning greetings for a woman, and other Internet users
like you will be published, they will thank you.

Tags:
for a woman, good morning entries for a woman, send good morning
good morning quotes
greetings for a woman , good morning cell phone phrases for a woman, good morning
phrases for a woman, good morning text messages for a woman, good morning
messages for a woman, good morning words for a woman , good morning thoughts for a
woman , good morning post for a woman , good morning reflections for a woman, good
morning greetings for a woman , good morning sms for a woman, good morning texts
for a woman

http://www.consejosgratis.es/
ejemplos-de-objetivos-profesionales/