8/28/2023

Engineering Drawing
with CAD Software
(ES2302)

Drawing:

The way of conveying the ideas through the systematic lines on the paper.
The art of representation of an object by systematic lines on a paper.

Classification of Drawing

Artistic Drawing EngineeringDrawing

(Free hand or Model Drawing) (InstrumentDrawing)

 The art of representation of an object • The art of representation of

by the artist by his imagination by engineering objects.
keeping the object before him.
For example:
For example:
 Paintings, cinema posters,
advertisement boards, etc. • Buildings, roads, Machines,
etc.

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Engineering Drawing
Artistic Drawing
(Free hand or Model Drawing) (Instrument Drawing)

The art of representation of engineering objects.

e.g. buildings, roads, machines, etc.

Computer Aided Drawing (CAD)

The drawings are usually made by CAD software such as
AutoCAD, Solid works, Fusion 360, CATIA, PRO – E, etc.

Examples :

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Shri Sai Baba Ji Shri Swami Samarth Ji The G od

Important
Engineering Drawing Tools

Drawing Board

Drawing Sheets

Drawing Pins / Clips / Adhesive tape

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Drafter

The uses and advantages of the T-square, set-squares, scales and the protractor are
combined in the Drafter (drafting machine).

Pencils

4 Grades of Pencils
to be used :
 H / HB Darkest Tip must be
sharpen
periodically.
 2H
 3H
 4H Lightest

Pencil Eraser

Pencil Sharpener

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Ruler

Protractor

Compass

Divider

Set-squares
(Triangles)

T-square

Sheet Folder

Tissue paper / cleaning towel

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Sheet Size

Layout of a Drawing Sheet

First draw the Borders and Title Block

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Title Block (Sample)

Technical
Lettering

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Technical Lettering
Writing of titles, dimensions, notes and other important particulars on an
Engineering Drawing is Lettering.

Classification:
1. Single-stroke Letters :
 The thickness of the line of the letter is obtained in one stroke of pencil.
 Recommended by B.I.S.
 It has two types:
i. Vertical
ii. Inclined (slope 75o with the horizontal)

 The ratio of height to width varies but in most of the cases it is 6:5.
 Lettering is generally done in capital letters.
 The lower-case letters are generally used in architectural drawings.

 The letters should be so placed that they do not appear too close together too
much apart.

 The distance between the words must be uniform and at least equal to
the height of the letters.

 Lettering, except the dimension figures, should be underlined to make them

more prominent.

Size (Height) of the Alphabets for Drawing:

For Main titles --------------------------- 6-8 mm

For Sub-titles ----------------------------- 3-6 mm
For Notes, Dimension figures, etc. ------ 3-5 mm
For Drawing no. -------------------------- 10-12 mm

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Shri Sai Baba Ji Shri Swami Samarth Ji The G od

Dimensioning

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Notations used in Dimensioning

Arrow head
should be

1. 2.
Aligned System Unidirectional System

 In this system, dimension is placed  In this system, all dimensions are so placed
perpendicular to the dimension line in that they can be read from the bottom edge of
such a way that it may be read from the the drawing sheet.
bottom edge or the right-hand edge of  The dimension lines are broken near the
the drawing sheet. middle for inserting the dimensions.
 This system is mainly used on large
drawings - as of aircrafts, automobiles etc.
For example :
For example :

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Units of Dimensioning

 As far as possible all dimensions should be given in millimeters,

omitting the abbreviation mm.

 Write a foot note ‘ALL THE DIMENSIONS ARE IN MM.’ above the
Title Block.

For example: 15.50

0.75 (Zero must precede the decimal point.)

15.50 ± .75 ( Zero is omitted.)

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R8

R3

R6

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Different Types of Lines

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For example :

Important Fundamentals
of
Orthographic Projections

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 In ‘Orthographic Projection’,
an object is represented by projecting its views on imaginary Orthogonal Planes.

 In ‘Orthographic Projections’ 6 views of an object can be represented.

They are:
Front view (FV), Top view (TV), Left hand Side View (LHSV),
Right hand Side View (LHSV), Bottom view and Back view.

 However, most common views are Front View (FV) and Top View (TV).

For example:

Front

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Four Quadrants
 An object may be situated in any one of the quadrants.

 Its position relative to the planes being described as :

"above or below the H.P." and "in front of or behind the V.P."

Different Types of Reference Planes

‘Principal’ Planes [ Horizontal plane (HP) and Vertical Plane (VP) ]

– are the main ‘Reference Planes’ used in orthographic projections.

Profile Plane (PP), Auxiliary Vertical plane (AVP), and Auxiliary Inclined Plane (AIP)
are also used as reference planes when two views of the object are not sufficient.

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Auxiliary Planes

Auxiliary Vertical Plane (AVP) Planes perpendicular to HP,

but inclined to VP are AVPs.

Auxiliary Inclined Plane (AIP) Planes perpendicular to VP

and inclined to HP

Profile Planes (PP)

Planes perpendicular to both horizontal and vertical planes

are profile planes.

Projections on profile planes are known as side views.

‘First-angle Projection’ Method

 Projection of any object drawn assuming the object in the first quadrant is
‘First Angle Projection’.

As per recommendation of Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS),

First angle projection is followed in India.

In this method,
Front view (FV) is drawn above X-Y line and Top View (TV) is below x-y line.

VP PP

FV LSV

X Y
TV

HP

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Figure shows the symbol for first angle projection

(two views of the Frustum of Cone).

Symbol for First-angle projection

‘Third-angle Projection’ Method

 Projection of any object drawn assuming the object in the Third Quadrant
is ‘Third Angle Projection’.

This method of projection is used in U.S.A. and also in other countries.

In this method,
Front view (FV) is drawn below X-Y line and Top View is above x-y line.

TV
X Y
LSV FV

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Figure shows the symbol for Third-angle projection

(two views of the Frustum of Cone).

Symbol for Third-angle projection

‘First-angle Projection’ Method ‘Third-angle Projection’ Method

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NOTATIONS

Following Notations should be followed while naming (i.e, Labeling)

different views in Orthographic Projections.

View Notation of Notation of

POINT A LINE AB

IT’S TOP VIEW a ab

IT’S FRONT VIEW a’ a’b’
IT’S SIDE VIEW a” a”b”

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