MODALS 8

VERB

Helping Verb Main Verb

* See Verb (Basic)

Primary Eg:- 1. I will succeed in life.

Modals
Helping Verb Modal Vb.f

* See Verb (Basic) 2. She must be happy.

Modal Vb.f
• Modals are helping verbs/ Auxiliary verbs.
(Modals Helping verbs/ Auxiliary verbs है ।)
• Modals are such Helping Verbs that cannot work as Main Verb.
(Modals ऐसे Helping verbs है जो Main verb का काम नह ीं करते है ।)
• Modals must be followed by a Main verb.
Modals के बाद Main Verb आना चाहहए।
• Modals must be followed by Base form of verb.
(Modals के तुरींत बाद Vb.f (Base form of verb) आना चाहहए।)

TYPES OF MODALS

Complete Modals Partial Modals Idiomatic Modals

can, could, should, Modal • has to/ have to/ will
must, ought to, will, Used to have to/ had to
Adjective
shall, would, may, • would rather/ had
might Modal better/ had rather/
Need & Dare
Main Verb had sooner
They work only as Pure • 'be' + to/ 'be' + going
Modals. (ये सभ pure They work as Modals to/ 'be' + about to
modals है । modals के and also as some other
अलावा ये कोई और काम नह ीं Part of Speech. They have a meaning
करे गा।) (ये Modals के अलावा अन्य different from that of
Part of Speech का भ the words used in them.
काम करता है ।) (ये शब्ोीं से हभन्न अर्थ दे ता है ।)

KD LIVE 473 Class Notes : MODALS

 Can & Could
1. I can run fast.
2. I could run fast when I was young.
3. I thought that I can do it. (×) I thought that I could do it. (✓)
4. I could not come yesterday.
5. The doctors could not save him.(✓)
6. The doctors were unable to save him. (✓)
7. The night was dark but we _______ (reach) home safely.
8. I was suffering from Jaundice but I could take the exam. (×)
I was suffering from Jaundice but I managed to take the exam. (✓)
9. I can sing well but I am unable to do so now.
Ability Non performance

KD LIVE 474 Class Notes : MODALS

 Utility
1. Present ability (वर्तमान की क्षमर्ा) 2. Past ability (भर्
ू काल की क्षमर्ा)
3. Past form of 'can' is could (can का 'past' रूप 'could' होर्ा है )
4, 5. 'Could not' → Past inability, past non-performance (अक्षमर्ा/कार्त का ना कर पाना)
4, 5. could not = was/ were unable to (shownon-performance)
6, 7, 8.'Could' → Past performance.(×)
6, 7, 8.was/were + able to → Past performance
OR Managed to → Past Performance (भूर्काल में कार्त करने में समर्त होना दर्ातना हो, र्ो 'was'/
'were'/ 'able to' अर्वा 'managed to' का प्रर्ोग होर्ा है ।)
7. Ans. (i) managed to reach. (ii) were able to reach.
9. able to → performance (कार्त ननष्पादन)
unable to → non performance (कार्त ननष्पादन में असमर्त होना)
Can → present ability. (वर्तमान की क्षमर्ा)

KD LIVE 475 Class Notes : MODALS

 May, Might, Must

1. It may rain tonight.

2. He travels by flight and

stays in five star-hotels. He
must be very rich.

3. We all must die one day.

4. He might pass the exam but

seeing his intelligence, I do
not have much hope.

5. You must not drink and

drive.

6. May god bless you.

7. You may go home now.

8. May I come in Sir?

9. I will help you come what

may.

10. We eat so that we may live.

11. He thought that he may

pass. (×)

He thought that he might

pass. (✓)

KD LIVE
 May, Might, Must

May
1. In weather forecasting (meteorology), we
use may to express possibility. (मौसम
पव ू ातनम
ु ान में May का प्रर्ोग ककर्ा जार्ा है । May का
प्रर्ोग संभावना दर्ातर्ा है ।)
6. In Optative sentences (इच्छा सूचक वाक्र्ों में )
• Optative sentences are in Inversion
form. (Optative वाक्र् Inversion form में
होर्े है )
• Optative sentences express a prayer,
wish or curse. (प्रार्ना, इच्छा र्ा र्ाप व्र्क्र्
करर्ा है ।)
7. To give permission. (अनुमनर् दे ने के ललए)
8. To make a request with respect/ to seek
permission. (सम्मान के सार् ननवेदन करने के
ललए)
9. 'Come what may' is a phrase which
means 'no matter what happens'. ('Come
what may' का अर्त है ‘चाहे कुछ भी हो जाए’)
10. If 'so that' or 'in order that' is preceded
by action and followed by reason, the
part comprising reason will take 'may'.
(अगर 'so that' र्ा 'in order that' के पहले
action का प्रर्ोग हो, र्ो 'so that' र्ा 'in order
that' के बाद may का प्रर्ोग होगा।) Reason वाले
भाग में May आऐगा।
Might
4. Low possibility (कम संभावना)
11. Past form of 'may' is 'might'. ('Might'
'May' का past form हो)
Must
2. strong/ high possibility. (उच्च संभावना)
3. strong/ high possibility. (उच्च संभावना)
5. strong suggestion. (दृढ़ संभावना)

KD LIVE 477 Class Notes : MODALS

 Should, Must & Ought to

1. You should work hard.

2. You ought to respect your
parents.
3. Prices ought to come down.
4. Run fast lest you should miss
the train.
5. Take care lest he ____
(i) fall
(ii) may fall
(iii) falls
6. Should you need my help, let me
know.

Would

1. He said that he will come. (×)

He said that he would come. (✓)
2. Would you help me?
3. If I were a bird, I would fly.
4. If I had seen you, I would have
greeted you.
5. Would that he were in my
shoes!
6. He said, "I shall come." (change
into indirect speech)
He said that he would come.
7. I would like to meet the
manager.
8. I would rather die than beg.
9. I would love to see you on
television.

KD LIVE 478 Class Notes : MODALS

 Should, Must & Ought to

1. suggestion (सलाह)
4. lest ... should + Vb.f
pair of conjunction
5. Lest ... Vb.f
if 'should' is not present in the
sentence.
6. In place of 'if' in conditional
sentences ('In open cases' which
means that the action may or may
not take place) (हो भी सकर्ा है नह ं भी)

2. Moral suggestion. (नैनर्क सलाह)

3. to express desirability. (इच्छा दर्ातने के
ललए)

Would

1. Would is past of 'will'. (will का past

'would' होर्ा है ।)
2. In polite request we use 'would'.
(ववनम्र ननवेदन में would का प्रर्ोग होर्ा है ।)
In formal request we use 'could'.
(औपचाररक ननवेदन में could का प्रर्ोग होर्ा
है ।)
3 & 4. In principal clause,
(i) 'would + Vb.f' is used in Present
Imagination. (वर्तमान के काल्पननक वाक्र्ों
में 'would Vb.f' का प्रर्ोग होर्ा है ।)
Would have + V3 is used in Past
unfulfilled action.
5. 'Would that' means 'I wish'.
6. Would is past of shall/ will.
7. Would like → polite way to express
one's wish. (ववनम्रर्ा के सार् अपनी इच्छा
व्र्क्र् करने के ललए।)
8. 'Would rather ... than' → expresses
preference. (वर र्र्ा व्र्क्र् करने के ललए।)
9. Would love → strong desire (र्ीव्र इच्छा)

KD LIVE 479 Class Notes : MODALS

 Partial Modals

used to Need and dare

as adjective as modal as main verb as as

Sub + verb Sub + used to + Modal Main
अर्तः इस्र्ेमाल करना
+ used to + Vb.f Verb
v1+ing use + to + vb.f
expresses past
expresses routine M.V infinitive
habit Like a Main verb
(भूर्काल का
(आदर् दर्ातर्ा Routine दर्ातर्ा ‘Use’ can come in
है ) है ) both Active and
Passive Voice.
(Main verb की र्रह,
‘use Active &
Passive Voice में
प्रर्ुक्र् होगा)

1. He got used _________ on the right when he was in Ans. 1 (ii),

London Ans. 2 change 'drink'
(i) to drive (ii) to driving into 'drinking'.
2. He is used to drink coffee with his meals. (×)

Note.:- Subject + V + used to + Noun/ Gerund

fixed
preposition

As Modals
1. I used to meet him everyday when I was in Mumbai.

Exp.:-
1. If there is no verb before 'used to', it means 'used to' is a Modal and hence
base form of verb follows.
(अगर used to के पहले verb नह ं आ रहा र्ो used to का verb के base form आर्ेगा क्र्ोंकक
र्हााँ 'Used to' Modal है और Modal के बाद verb का Base form आर्ा है ।)
Subject + used to + Vb.f.
Modals

KD LIVE 480 Class Notes : MODALS

 Need & Dare
Shows: Necessity Audacity

1. You need to hurry now. (✓) 3. Dare he to tresspass again? (×)

Infinitive
Dare he trespass again? (✓)
M.V
4. She needs not worry. (×)
2. You need not to worry now. (×)
She need not worry. (✓)
Modal
You need not worry now. (✓)

KD LIVE 481 Class Notes : MODALS

1. As Modal need & dare do not come in positive sentences Modal के रूप में
need & dare positive sentences से नह ं आर्े।
2. As Modals needs & dare come in Negative & Interrogative sentences
(Modals के रूप में need & dare नकरात्मक एवं प्रश्नात्मक वाक्र्ों में आर्े है ।)
3. Unlike Main Verb, Modals do not take s/es form. (Modals s/es नह ं लेर्ा।)

Perfect Modals
Modal + have + V3

1. You should had come yesterday. (×) 1.For past suggestion used
You should have come yesterday. (✓) ‘should/must + have+ V3
2. The streets are flooded. It must have rained (भूर्काल सलाह के ललए
last night. should/must + have + V3 का
3. He may grow old since we last saw him. (×) प्रर्ोग करे )
He may have grown old since we last saw All Modals take base form of
him. (✓) Verb. Hence we need ‘Have’ in
4. I need not have watered the plants because place of ‘had’. (सभी Modals के
as soon as I finished, it started raining. सार् Verb का Base form आर्ा है ।
5. He returned the purse though he could have अर्ः ‘Had’ के स्र्ान ‘have’ पर
kept it. आएगा।

Explanations

1. Modals are followed by Vb.f. If we use 'Modal have V3' in a sentence, there is
a hidden meaning in the sentence but in exams, we have sentences with
hidden meaning stated in a connected sentence. (See sentences 4 & 5).
Modals के बाद Vb.f आर्ा है । अगर हम modal + have + V3 को प्रर्ोग करर्े हैं, र्ो वाक्र् में एक
छुपा हुआ अर्त होर्ा जो वाक्र् के अर्त के ववपर र् होर्ा है लेककन exams में स्पष्ट रूप में hidden
meaning ददए होर्े हैं। (See sentences 4 & 5)
2. If Modals denoting possibility come in Perfect form, there is no hidden
meaning.
अगर संभावना वाले Modals Perfect form में आर्े हो र्ो इनका कोई नछपा हुआ अर्त नह ं होर्ा ।
Eg.: Some thief might have broken the lock.
3. If 'since' is followed by Past Indefinite, 'since' is preceded by Present Perfect
but if possibility is expressed in the sentence, we use 'Modal Perfect'.
Change ‘may grow’ into ‘may have grown’.
अगर 'Since' के बाद Past Indefinite हो र्ो 'since' के पहले Present Perfect आएगा। लेककन
अगर संभावना दर्ातना हो, र्ो संभावना दर्ातने वाले Modals 'Perfect form' में आएगा हैं। ‘May
grow’ को ‘May have grown’ में पररवनर्तर् करें ।

KD LIVE 482 Class Notes : MODALS

 Idiomatic Modals
Denotes forced action
• Have to + Vb.f दवाब के अंर्गतर् ककर्ा गर्ा कार्त दर्ातर्ा है । (see Verb Basic)

Denotes planned action of near future.

• 'be' + going to + Vb.f
• 'be' + about to + Vb.f (ननकट भववष्र् के planned action दर्ातर्ा है ।) (see Verb
• be + to + Vb.f Basic)

Shows preference (वर र्र्ा दर्ातर्ा है ।) See ‘Mood’.

• would rather ... Than
Eg.: I would rather take tea than coffee

• had rather to express strong suggestion or strong

• had better + Vb.f recommendation
• had sooner
See chapter ‘Mood’

1. You had sooner see a specialist.

2. I had rather stay at home.

KD LIVE 483 Class Notes : MODALS