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Solution Practice Paper 2 DLDM - 11zon

DLDM Questions with solutions
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28 views35 pages

Solution Practice Paper 2 DLDM - 11zon

DLDM Questions with solutions
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Ok gate 2 al ———0R_ ote _prnvides. “the_output as 1s_high if any — ae: _ Tne. nf the applied input is high wile 0) a ——__ptovides the output as fous ibe. ah ae Y= Ate ————_opplied inpists ase lous —__ ~Symnbal al _ __[rnpot T outpot |e No.2 re2432 fo __# | YS ACR) a NOR gate : - —____NOR gate provides the output os tow — ie See te alad mpd thigh _____hile it provides the output as hiah § pl when oll the opplied inputs ase lows. “<= AF = Al Tapot dutput | Al | Y= At QO} 0 | | | Oo} {-} © at | ee el 5 rit OL —___Tnuth toble fox nak aale IC No- fon Nok gate: re74o2 = agate 2 - = poeasian= Y= Ag ic sar =1¢7400 | 4A, 8) \-aB | 3 . — poo | ae oj tf clea sybol - —— = Expression : Y= AOL = Ag+ AB IC wumber: Te74e6 + ~ _ Ly Output — Expression = AB: Aatan_[A |e y-aos | lc number: Tc74266 | GO | 0} 1 ‘dep Conversion of number S Sy be a ae | Convert 792.12 decimal to —binany—— iS eesti = 4 Camexting +t “the integes_ post el pane 7 Si NE EE i (racers om] = 1792 0 - R36 2 0 - seme alta en = EE. Eg: 2 12. > 0 = eae - 28 >9o | = Ja? 0 — 4: * CRemeindes) 2 2 i! 2 4 2 - a a = o binoay a heed — is Fe is re fet shape pt : pnoanads =—— 5 the feoctional poxt of decimal numba E Tinta bmoay number o.l2 2024 ~» 9 | Cinteger) 5 L O24 72 2048 > Q_ ae 0 x2 2 096 > OO | | t O:96%2 = 1-92 > 1 J 5 - - ~_ fe aie Diney_ number far tne Zractional 4 | ___pont_af _decimal_number is a [Page ne] = ——s —s ad a Add_the bmasy values af integer ond 4soctional ] part to_get the binary number equivalert at giv | decimal Number Fn ls egy | i | } yrga-iain = Utaanonnng anole 4 “in Convert 832-025 decimal to octal ons. ih convesting the integer past of decimal nuynbex watber into_actal wi a. a” - sao SSSR / 8 ao 2” CRemainder) | - gis +2 - _— af eg le] The equivalent octal number forthe untegex part af 33810 = 522¢ = — & inte octal number - =—- Z | 025 xt: 02 =o} reas) =z. O98 *R = |g => | Secal) (je x 8 = (2 ~The _equivalert octal number fon the fractional _paxt_ —-of_decirnal_nurnber ts —abtaimed og ____ OOS 2 = 0. Og — -@101 Prove _pé_Maxgan’s_thearem using. tauth table rethy, +———D APR AB ons.) + gon invented twa theaverns fox simpli€ ication, of Boolean expression The | theatens ase a iy ABs A+8 —— sis Pe Morgans fiat thearern describes that “covnplemerd laf ANDed vowinbles equal ta the oR apesation of —__ — complemented vowiables The tsuth table ot sean pee ha arise ae a ——= 2 i ale Jag] ala [aw] ase] — ofoto Titi ty ty | 2 eolitotitolfi fo, f i tlolo oly 4 i | 1 jt o a a o.| cond_theaxem de sctibes that Complement .of_oRed voaiables_is_equol to the AND opesotion — -of_complemerted vaniables. The _tsuth toble of - d_theovem is proved in tobe bela AB s 4 » Attempt omy two of tne fellowing 4) Simplify following logic functor FOA.B.C.D)= 1TM64.5. 67 9.12) diz using K-r4 Bw - a ___ Step4: Representation Step 2° Mapping 0 oe Axo a pes = — AEN 4 Noe Sh tt te — colme | my | na yn | __AéL | oll mas mz toe! AS. ah ia rns is ig) Ag. | x : et — joj, me mu, ts nk Ot Rope Vo So s —— 4a __- \ th tT co _ oe a Ag] 1 [x xi xi _##| 11x _ Step 3: Gaaaping == Stepa: Fxpeessims ” age fe | [ome] ) - = ———EEEEEEEeee — + it ——+Step $+ nla ey - pp -—f_Ditferentiote betes He 9 426 Waite shost nate on ~——Eull Addex oe } ons) ea = a ———-EulLaddex is a combinational cixcult ushich consists ot three binoay input vasiables called augends and ——_-addends ond tio binary output vasiables called ———sum_ond_comsy ont. tn the addition xesult, the —lowex significant bit is called as sum and higher _ _ Significant bit is called cowmy out Tn this thaece kit binary oddition the fisst tua bit input _vaniahles astigned ith the symbol of A ond bond the thind inpet bit is considered aso camty ____frora the peevious lower significant bit of addition _____tewlt ith the symbsl of Cin, pat ~____the three bit addition tne output variables ane s —vosying_fsom oO to 2 haved onthe eight possible — 4 input _veriotions. The tuo output variables ove -— \ sepreserded sith the symbal_af sCsum) ond Cout ~_ ___.Ceotny Gut) In the tesalt the Least significant bit —___is_considered_os_surn_and the mas-+ significant bit it~ | ___eonsidesed as conny out. tf 1a — tO 6 | 1 |smvo- Aftn+Aatin + | ite; dp) og) Age ins a j1.1 8 tla ; a = t : Sura(e)s (ARs Asicin + (Ag+ ABC in : CACeym sf a@pltin > (Ae RIT iN aT _all £ECn _ Toate Giogiam of foil Adder” - tr 2) Posity genesator —_—- = Ms, ee ae The simple ensox checking cincuit is_called O panty | -—__checkea: Ta check the exnos we must generate the 7 —|posity codes fox the tsonsmitting intoamation A] ¢ |. civcult_that genesates panity cades is called o- ———ponity" generator. Possity genesotex is a combinadional -———citcuit that genexate: the pasity bit fox the given nput binary message. F... 3 “ino dlif ferent parity techniques ore used — ~ checking such as: even pawity and add posity. In k -eumn_posity the posity bit is fixed iva 0 if the { f_binosy 4% available _in_+he transmitting — pe even_wiile the parity bit is fiaed into +14 if the numbex of binowy 1's ovollable in the itting information add.» et au sity bet is fixed inte _o_if the binosy 44 available in the -tromsmitting ____Lintowmation odd while the panity bit is fixed into te Lif the muynbes of binosy 15 available in the k transmitting information even 7 git piux: The lace diogrom_of 2-4 Mux is chown —_in_tigure_pelniu: Tt consists of 82’) mpuk ane _-——Sutpet ond three mss) selection tines to select and _———iectly_omy one of the input to output tine mal 5s : Black diasraw ot ¢ = ts Output m line jnen TT Si So Dal ost» Dal Da [Ds |O« | ps | it —~ololotlisololtolaltoaltoal ol icp) a o {yy lolitojoloiololoa | Le 0 fo jololiloialotatea | reps | ad 1_lolololilaloldoajo | rep, | L tttolo | 0 tto}y | 5 Lilila | | 0] tpt 4-05-04 oO [From the tsuth tabe, output logic expsessian of £1 ——}Mux_con be _expaessed as Ns S2 SiS: Os + S351S0D1 + S25)% Dat Susie Dat espa ——— So Ti SaDst Sos Safe + $2 SiSe D7 ———— - . = td 2 “Atlempt ony tuia_of the. following A) Waite a short ncte on shift meget and Let : down its opplications ODS — ~ Sbit neaister iso quoup of fuip- flops that hos the _-——copability ot storing and shifting the binoxy — __twiemmation. tn digital systern the bmowy datum — _—-ote_tequied ta shift in the segistes feom one ~~ posibion ta next position shift segister perfosms the __—_lagic_opetation shitting ot porary —data—fan_one ———flig- flap to next flip- flap = ___The shitting ot binory infoumation _fisr ane _ ——+pasition to another is very impostart lage apezotion ——-digittal_system design Tn _shut xegistes the shifting ——_opetotion is controlled by camman clack pulse tike ~——_egistes AL the +lip-tlops zemplayed with shift —_negisten_seceives the clock pulse that helps ta shift the data from one position to next. The shift —ppanatians—con-be—enuily sealized using flip- flaps he lagi apa ond lagic dinguam of ahitt 4 ~—tegisten_is_concistung_of{our_flip— flops _tn_uihich tt A — output of fisst flip-flops is conmected ms input — — fr ce seb ipa Elm Wes Phe — ela pulses — cay ng the flip- flaps. the data is shifted _ from one flip- flap ta next flip— flap The wut loaded thoavah _fisst_flip-flap and the output ic Vatained —Ssann the inst_tiip= flap. ——____ = = | _h . __ te TL) Dotachift to next cell a9 - SMCS > a) Logic Symbol —faxed_on the disection of data mavemert_ shifting & classified ac follows {teft chitt-cut 4. Postel shiit -qut -2_kiaht shitt-cud S Rotate left 2. Porallel shitt-in 6: Rotode aight a dota tine insta several _ponaltel times is — SS) ss | | = | tab caviiabn saci ——_______ ——4 .@) Dittesentiote between combinational ond sequertiol | citcuit Explain with neat diagsam wwosking of ¢-p 1 flip-flop. ons __-——Combinational cineuits | sequentiod crrcuits ~—_DOutput depends only dOudput depends on beth tl the cunrent input values. | cumpertt input and | ee __| previous input They do nat have ony _|2) They corte memory __ memoty elements. | elements like flip-flops ar | _ lotshes +o store wfoxmatio| ~_ayrnewe is no feedback belueenssthere exists O teedback | | input omel outpud between input cond ouput: | —_ timing onalysis is sivnplee Jayriwing analysis is more —__composed to sequential {complex due ta_the presence a cineults a SO ~—_s)The autput chamges immed: Qutpu chamges_oce ———_iotely inn sesponse to any _}—synchoconize d_uiith a clack —_chomae_in_ input _ | signal, and they exhibit. ~= ||. _ equeritial behaviax ~.€). speed is fast-——__— ___|e)Speed is slow pak is designed easy. _—_|N Th is designed towah SS 7 a —_sythis ts -time_independertt fer This is time dependerd ss) Used fox osithmetic as — Tar mainty used tees stale well as boolean opesobions | dost —~,. “ld Elewertory buiding blocks: |10) Elewnerttony butlcling blocks ,_Lagic gates _ | elipastiage ____Aw Combinetional circuits _ 1D Sequential circart_ hove _ ~——.dont_hove capability te — _copability te store oviy ———_._-stme ony_stote. stote ox to etoin earlier lee a —_i2.As combinational citcuits |t2)As sequential cincevts ane. 2 __._dovrt howe clock they.dont clock maeek they need _—____3eguise triagesing. | tulagesinig —— |B Exownples : Encaden. decoder. + Examples Coumters. _____ multiplexes. demultiplexer ae segisters — sR flip flop + talonking @ The basic blak diagram “contains _ Ss Sond _k inputs — ond between them is clock an @ onda’ is the ~ —— NEE outputs. — $-R |} Flie Ho, Castiiets say sq ond R=0. then output of -bath_AND gates will be o and the value of @ ond 2 ill be some _as_theix previous value ie. Hold stot ~Sose2 + Lel’s say. s:0 ond R: 1. then output of toh __—-AMD gates will be 4 and a. cortespandingly the _—Value of _@ oil be 0 os one_of input is 4 and if ——1S-O_NGR_gode_so it will altimately gives O. here: _-@_gels 0 value. similocty @’ willl pe 1 ie Reset shate Cases id's say. st ond R=. then output of path AND gas will be © and 4. cosvespandngly the value —_—.of_@' will be Gas one of mpud to No@ gate 1s tie ; —_oudput will be ao oltimately and this © value will ——go_as_impul 4o uppes tor gate hence © will be t tT — cased Lel’s say. s:t and R21 then owtput of bath | ——anip gates will be 4 ond 1 ohich is_invalid as), the outputs should be complement of ea: @3 c), “Design 3-bit -sychsencus _up counter using TK fig _ {flops ——__— a avis if —_— ————_—_—_—_—— —————— ;The ‘logic diagram ot 2-bit synchronous up. Course ___ lis shown below» which consists of thtze TK ¢lip flops The inputs Toand K of flip-rep £ as iconnected with active high inpot signal. Ano co Loft thip-tiit £ ond S active hiah input and «> of flip-flop 1 dives the tnputs FT and K of tip ann output of 4lip= flop 4 ond 2 6 z rr Los input T and Kor tlip-flep 3- gd —— {The comin iviput of Toand K of Te fiup “i “ ——1.2_ond_3_oae _daiven in me change and icy [T=K=2O0 ond toggle corditian hen T=K=4 b clock enable signal Stote chon ges a faz Tay 021101 O} 0 inelNe} ive} = to }O} 01 1 | Nel Nel aah foo Olt! Ol ye} a] a too lol tt | el nel t —~ lagi lig! @) gil + ——jtealtlol it nel nel + = 1290 PG Liwelsr ed lea (i | ete! 7 | Touth table of 3-bit syichron our Op- cour ter | Clock til Jj] a0 we oo mein, ' T tahanent leer Lael read ‘ono joot org on tron torial ~ Tivniing diagram ot 3-bit synchtonoul up-courter a4 —__&) features! _g0€S_Mictopsacesso it _— “Attempt ony 4 Differentiate b etosreen £085. “two of the following , } 1 acy and £086 Mictapsacesss - | ; | ROSE Miceapracesson —Bosic_| an _a- bit rnicapnacessox | A I6—brt_malcxopra cesses __ _Desien |copable of processing 8- bit | capable of “poacessing iit dato. | deta = —Type Based on occummatars _| Based on segictes oschi- ——__fondnitectug. ) tectune “Size of [The 8 & R086 Micwopracessas Alu —_featuses an e-bit ALu __ feactuses @ 1¢-bit ALU -Accessible| Com. aces: upte 26 bytes Con _meess Upto 220 byter, ack | Teequency, of 3MH fihe S025 has an on-chip | Loscillaton uirth o drequency | vewsions with clock _ smemcay} Os GAkb of ynemany __os 4 M8 of | memoaxy —_ Te 086 comes in three 1 Frequencies SMH2 EMH Address | The 8085 hos oy ¢-bit — = ——}-andtomi2 The 086 Nas a [¢- bit bus size! —_______| oddress bus. = Cost Hine foes is edie cheap The 8086 is componatwely— Support fa pening, Hptpelining. __ttham the 20% 2. ese o ——+-Mhare_expensive than goss The! ae pipebning- aoe oe S0%_covttigquacdt io contig uvation microproceu Wc TOPS si Rs es [Sa = as | x{The 8095 is a single The gore Is mmultipracessaz Sa = es stushed The 8085 dee. net howe on [tne 2086 has a ie-bit mact™. gues instruction queue | queue thot follows Ifa 4 ___| _ Cts Tr, Etat cust) prsinciple Tyne of [the goss supposis o single The one _suppants tuo _opezation jmede cf operation yMades of apenatian: tit i and nor un Sfrontitias [The 8085 has 6506 tronsistty The 8086 thes Z9cn0 yonsistars flags | jp __» IThe Sons Nos 5 flags |The gage hos 4 Flags js —Peway [t+ does not support | supposts ynermoay eqmentotin, lmiemary seavnerttation — _|seannentation Empat dh ese tegeantmmchictec bie ot g04ac 7 pa “ein is the diogson fee the aac af fore —__Wicropancessox_Tt -\s_cleast from the diagram thad ~——__omly the 81) hos divect Vink with the menor This _yremony canbe _dinectly accessed either by the segment segisters the, Tnstruction Pans ) ___os the Tnstvuction Queue fer fetch ng. ma spthe —mstbsuctions= These wnstractions one sev “in the _conttaal und 1 tox_execution. | The cartial unit takes the help ct Generel Puapote segistens.. Index segistens aid Pair tes 1 opesands. lage and the mast important. the 4g -——__-Asithmoctic Logic Und ALU) ALL these ome pout el the execution unit — fidge Geechee 3 i Bus interface unit CRT . —____The instsuction queue covttolns the set of mcteuction ———uhich_is to be executed Ta make the pracesing foster» the gns¢ pe. fetches up ta € instructions in advance. ~ and stave’ them in the Tmeboution queue. se ushered ————let_one instruction covmpletes its excushion the crtet ——___-unit need not wait fox the mat merbruction te i ——___te_fetched ond then psought fox executicin he. caediel becouse this job is already dane and the ne “4 wistrurtion that is to he executed 1s yeah Sa. —___Tnstruction queue _/*_ iia Segment segiste Fach segrrert register can wosk with Ie hits of hinowy dota. There ave_A types of segment regicters: lcs: (ade Seqment Register _ 10s. Data segment Registey ii) ee ck Seqyrent Register 2 ape ete Seet ae _—vext_instuuction that_is tape executed Execution unitceu) deaae ——Donbyal Unit Cou) _-—_ALL_the_imatiuctions one executed “inside the Cortaa | —— init Tt is the main companent which is responsible Fon the processing of any pracessox—___ —GaAsithwetic Logic Jnit CALUD All the Mathematical and agical dpesations aie performed inside _ the ALU- Sait omy_tnsteuc to_peatowm such apes the ib to the ALU diy Flag seaistor The flag register is of i-bit tanoth which censicts of ——_19 flag. avd the xest 7 bits owe or dont c: shegs ——_The_ceneral puspose registers gue used as containers fax ——stasing the values _uihich yoy pe arequited tor executing — uctisns Each general puspose register consists lof Is bits. There ove 4 types af general purpose —_egiste = a Uy Aw®=CAH PALI 2) Bx = (BH: BLS ~~) oe s POM CLT —_4) P= f OH * DLT “The sore contains following pointers and index | weqisteas i (BPs Base Pointe —___ = 22.SP Stack Pointer —__ See 3).S1 + Souace Index —___ pone 14) DI > Destination Index __ M2.0pexond's - - These may be_uced within the instructions a Se tee 4c) |Explain the stsuctuxe of gage Powe ons | = = - Pscqsom status Wand cps) : noma —jThe_pragsavn status word Ces contains stotus bits thot_nefiect the consent cb stote TE is a te-bit _ register. seven bits seman unused while the est nine, howe used. Out of nine tits six ose status fiags_and! thsee one _contrial flags. —__|Thene_ane_6 fiag tegistes Ing 026 Miceopecescs whith -oecome set Ci _ox seset (a) depending apon condit toi __llotten eithes g-bit ox | S-bit operation. Thece flags ast conditional (status flags _..| |The conten! Flags enable or disable cestain apesations Lat the wicvapracessas These ore =. —__Licsopsacessre. Conteal flags in go — “Tor [re [xe Freler [ee [Ae Tre[ [er] Ts Os 05 02 Dir Ho pe 0! ba Oe 0 0% DS py OR pp —londitianal fogs U.comy Flag (cf): The cossy #109 aul be_set only ta __-casty is_genesoted tram the t1s6 _of the xesult ottex _daing ony operation in _gox6 ~ ju Bowity fing coe): tonity i is. “elated to the numberof 4's contained inthe binary dota These exists tie __.. types of _pority : Evers. party + When the nu urn bes of 45 in the A —__._binosy_ data ote een ——— 2 Add pority :When the number ot of 15 in the b nary _-—_-diasta one odd a —— ___Fox the flag. the PF is set if there exch an even —_posity in deta otter the execution of the instruction ____Else the flag ts seset — fs Aaniliacy -commy Flag Carl: This flag is cet if “then —__is a generclion or comying rion a nibble te 4 eS —— Zena flag cz): Ti the tesult after performing the —__sequised operation on-tine instructions is zero. in ons bit ese Ai cee a een -ehahelaes fr “= jee ling 0 Tilia lth open ion ~__-swesulted ina commy- out from the tse Cort is) Yn Overflow #lagC0F) Indicates. fan outhmets eipeRttiny _ xewilted io” avertiow. Meaning the sesult 15 too i) Trap flag (re) ss =f Deri lag EEF — ——————— ——— il) Direction log cpe) ___ ss _ as Attempt ony two at the rallowina eel _ot_infesnupts im goze ans fo intexsupt_is_ o condition thet halts the micn._| _processox_temporonily to work on a dittexend tack — -ond then aetuans “to Hy previous “task. Tn the R086 micsopracessay following tasks ave pestormed — hed the 2icsaprocessax ericauntes: an _intesmupt oA) The value oi_the Flag register is pushed ints the — WEESSanG kes SEs Se 2) The value ot starting memary addvess of C6 Cade Segment) ic pushed ints tne stack -_ “a the-walue of Tre Instruction outer) is _pushedinte, the stack A) IP is loaded trom word location Caontersupt typ -§2¢s is loaded trom the folowing word tocation. — 4OTrdesupt. ond Trap Flags ase aeset ty Q- “The _difiexend types at_ Inenupl pret in the _ tnx 2086 pricropMcessoxr ome _gien by? b Hasdwioxe intexsupts —Hoadwase intemuptsoae_those_intesupts that oe, —coused by any periphenn device _by sending a sigMal_thwough a specified pin ts the micasprecessor: There owe ow aia NMS. Chlon-yaskable Intemupt) Tt is a | Se Aina hala ae EP, net “be disabled Tt is the highest psiority ind In _the_2086 _mNicrapaacessas. Aes THs enecution. otes TYPE 2 intessupt xe ic FHL _ loaded from asd location 0008 and os is — + eds asta na a | LO INTR La ——_—Tt_provider_a single ivtessupt request and is act ———+ted_by -the lo port this inteasupt con be masked ox _delayed - Tt is a level- triggeed i ——_-Th con _setelve ony itewsupt type. so the vale ———f_and_cs_will_ change onthe ivtennupt type | sseceived isi 4 +2) Softwose internupty Thee _owe_ipiteuctions Inder-ted within the pra gram, ——to_gmetote _irdeesupts. There one 256 softuian the__2086 micraps cessor: The _inctruci ——ae_of_the fowmod INT ‘type ushene the type xanga. ———trom_o0 +o Fe. the starting addaess range s. from, ——0.0000H to_O03FF H. These ore 2-byle instiu ions LL = landed Fon type* o4t and cs i Fram _the fal lowing addxess given _by Cty pet oat execution. sx 5-8) Stote ond explain with examples addmessing rc + or " 7 ——_—-A0NO Ce fCAtesTi Moy Ax fAxyepti computed by adding the base senister cortend aS odd %of - _hitite a assemdy pragsam foxttuio_1¢ bt numbers using gage _A pwsayam. ta_add tuo (6= bit numbers where statin ing addsess is 2000- Faxnmple L_. | £0 | 62 iH 2 300) 3000 , eo OF fF 3005 2004! = gonthm “Cteed noo aes ox epic ia team tee 2000 _s Increment x byte 5d. fit Make dea cx ene ee £ Fe eet Memo Ag¢6 3_styp = - y 200% | | 2007 | 20°B AD. | AX 6 | FAXxi<- FAX) 2000 | ane | 200 | sump iE Ne _CaBty 2010 MoV, rane. fx Leenaace Lax) gata | row Gene ex tana Fea 201k Hour ji 7 Stop | 1 ——_tmov_is_ued to _load and stoveddla ——2A0D is used to add tu numbers hese thax _ — ~—oe_Muvnbea_is in _accumuldtox ox nat. — SINC is a_o-bit command wihich is used ta check Whethex the ¢oomy } cated frayn accumnmatey, _oos_not 4 —— A INC is used ste dacxenent an reaistes byt 5. HIT fs ted to stop iia eee 4 6 AX {s an_accumulatos ustalch is used to load d-

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