PREBOARD I EXAMINATION

(2023 - 2024)
SUBJECT: SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) CLASS:X DATE: 03/01/2024
MAXIMUM MARKS: 80 Set 2 TIME: 3 Hours
Answer Key
General Instructions:
i. Question paper comprises Six Sections – A, B, C, D, E and F. There are 37 questions in the question
paper. All questions are compulsory.
ii. Section A – Question nos. 1 to 20 are MCQ’s of 1 mark each.
iii. Section B – Question nos. 21 to 24 are Very Short Answer Type Questions, carrying 2 marks each.
Answer to each question should not exceed 40 words.
iv. Section C – Question nos. 25 to 29 are Short Answer Type Questions, carrying 3 marks each. Answer
to each question should not exceed 60 words.
v. Section D – Question nos. 30 to 33 are long answer type questions, carrying 5 marks each. Answer to
each question should not exceed 120 words.
vi. Section E– Questionsfrom 34 to 36 are case based questions with three sub questions and are of 4
marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 100 words.
vii. Section F – Question no. 37 is map based, carrying 5 marks with two parts, 37-a from History (2
marks) and 37-b from Geography (3 marks).
viii. There is no overall choice in the question paper. However, an internal choice has been provided in few
questions. Only one of the choices in such questions has to be attempted.
ix. In addition to this, separate instructions are given with each section and question, wherever necessary.
SECTION A
MCQs (1X20=20) (20)
1. The first issue of the newspaper (dated 21st April 1849) founded by 1
_____________________ carried the following editorial:
‘Let us ask how many men, possessed by thoughts of living and dying for the sake of
Liberty, would be prepared to fight for the freedom of the entire people, of all human
beings? When asked this question, they would all too easily respond with a “Yes!”,
though their untiring efforts are intended for the benefit of only one half of humanity –
men. But Liberty is indivisible! Free men therefore must not tolerate to be surrounded
by the unfree …’
a) Thomas Paine
b) James Lackington
c) Jean Jacques Rousseau
d) Louise Otto-Peters

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2. Which specific characteristic of minerals is outside the scope of geographers' study and 1
analysis?
a) Minerals as part of the earth's crust for better understanding of landforms.
b) Distribution of minerals
c) Economic activities associated with minerals
d) Formation, age and physical and chemical composition of minerals

3. Suresh is a poor agricultural labour and needs a loan for cultivation on his small pieceof 1
land. Which of the following would offer him a fair interest rate and flexible termsof
credit?
a) Village money lender
b) Cooperative society
c) Commercial Bank
d) Rich landowner

4. Consider the following statements and choose the correct option. 1

i) The first jute mill was set up in 1855 at Rishra.
ii) Deccan plateau region has the maximum concentration of iron and steel industries.
iii) Fly ash, phospo-gypsum and iron and steel slags are the major solid wastes in India.
iv) The challenge of sustainable development requires integration of economic
development with environmental concerns.
Options:
a) Statements i, ii, iii are correct.
b) Statements ii, iii & iv are correct.
c) Statements i, ii, iv are correct.
d) Statements i, iii, iv are correct.

5. 1

The map above shows the year in which different regions became part of a unified
Germany. Identify the person who was proclaimed German Emperor in a ceremony held
at Versailles after three wars over seven years – with Austria, Denmark and France.

a) Giuseppe Garibaldi

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 b) Giuseppe Mazzini
c) Otto von Bismarck
d) Kaiser William I

6. Match the following: - 1

Political Parties Election symbol

A) Mizo National Front i)

B) Janata Dal (U) ii)

C) All India Forward Bloc iii)

D) DravidaMunnetraKazhagam iv)

Options:
a) A - iii, B - ii, C - i, D - iv
b) A - ii, B - iii, C - iv, D - i
c) A - i, B - ii, C - iv, D - iii
d) A - iv, B - i, C - iii, D - ii

7. In the question given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and 1
Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option.
Assertion (A): Expectations from democracy also function as the criteria for judging
any democratic country.
Reason (R): It transforms people from the status of a subject into that of a citizen.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

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 b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) A is false but R is true.

8. In which one of the following ways has ‘information and communication technology’ 1
stimulated the globalization process the most?
a) Access foods across countries
b) Access raw material across countries
c) Access services across countries
d) Access information instantly across countries

9. Type of regimes and countries Growth Rate (%) 1

All democratic regimes 3.95
All dictatorial regimes 4.42
Poor countries under dictatorship 4.34
Poor countries under democracy 4.28

The above table shows the rates of economic growth for different countries during the
period from 1950 – 2000. With reference to the above table, what is the difference in
terms of growth rate between all dictatorial regimes and all democratic regimes?
a) 0.46%
b) 0.57%
c) 0.47%
d) 0.21%

10. In the question given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and 1
Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option.
Assertion (A): Most regions of the world are in closer contact with each other than a
few decades back.
Reason (R): The result of greater foreign investment and greater foreign trade has been
greater integration of production and markets across countries.
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) A is false but R is true.

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11. 1

The above image illustrates the idea of a sarcastic reference to the claim of the French
as being liberators who opposed monarchy in the territories they entered. With reference
to the above image, identify the name of the painter.
a) Louis Byron Philippe
b) Friedrich Andrew List
c) Andreas Rebmann
d) Karl Kaspar Fritz

12. Select the correctly matched pair about the political parties and the year in which they 1
were established.
a) Communist Party of India - 1955
b) Bharatiya Janata Party - 1976
c) All India Trinamool Congress - 1998
d) Bahujan Samaj Party - 1980

13. In the question given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and 1
Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option.
Assertion (A): The first book that Gutenberg printed was the Bible.
Reason (R): About 500 copies were printed and it took two years to produce them.
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) A is false but R is true.

14. Large MNCs in developed countries place order for production with small producers. 1
Which of the following option is correct about the given statement?
a) Setting up of production unit by MNC
b) MNC buying up local companies
c) Way in which MNCs control production
d) Investment by an MNC

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15. ‘In 1926, Begum Rokeya Sakhawat Hossein, a noted educationist and literary figure, 1
strongly condemned men for withholding education from women in the name of
religion.’ Recently, while discussing the same topic in the classroom, the teacher gave
a book written by TarabaiShinde to Ritu.
Which of the following is most likely to be the central issue of the text?
a) Religious indoctrination by priests
b) Miserable lives of farmers in debt
c) The exploitation of children by factory owners
d) The plight of upper caste Hindu widows

16. ‘The Conference of Parties (COP-28) hosted by the oil-rich United Arab Emirates, 1
mobilized a flurry of voluntary pledges in the lead-up to its landmark final deal calling
for a ‘transition away’ from fossil fuels.’

Considering the statement above, which one of the following non – conventional
sources of energy is harnessed in the Parvati valley near Manikarn in Himachal
Pradesh?
a) Tidal energy
b) Geothermal energy
c) Wind energy
d) Solar energy

17. Rectify the inaccuracies in the following statement and provide the revised version. 1
A party that secures at least six per cent of the total votes in an election to the Legislative
Assembly of a State and wins at least two seats is recognized as a State party by the
Election Commission of India.

18. ‘Credit can push the borrower into a situation from which recovery is very 1
painful.’Identify the correct situation responsible for this in the rural areas.
a) Buying land for agriculture
b) Crop failure and increase in the prices of seeds, fertilizers and pesticides
c) Borrowing for managing daily family expenses
d) Borrowing to complete the delivery order

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19. In the question given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and 1
Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option.
Assertion (A): Political Parties play a major role in making laws for the country.
Reason (R): No law can become a bill unless majority parties support it.
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) A is false but R is true.

20. 1

Among the above given countries, which country’s bottom 20% of the population had
the lowest percentage share in the national income?
a) Unites States of America
b) South Africa
c) Brazil
d) Hungary

SECTION B
VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (2X4=8) (8)
21. ‘All over the world there is a tendency in political parties towards the concentration of 2
power in one or few leaders at the top.’ Give reasons to support your answer.
Lack of internal democracy within parties is the first challenge.
Across the globe, one can see that there is a growing concentration of power in the hands
of few or just one leader.
On what transpires inside the party, ordinary members of the party do not get sufficient
information.
Ordinary members are unable to influence decisions as they lack sufficient connections.
Decisions are taken in the name of the party, by leaders having more power.
Parties do not conduct internal regular elections, organizational meetings are not
conducted and do not maintain a register of the membership.

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 Since too much of power is wielded by few leaders in the party, those who disagree with
the leadership are unable to continue working in the party.
Personal loyalty to the leader becomes more important than the loyalty to party policies
and principles.
Due to the system of succession due to dynasty in the political parties, ordinary and
hardworking party members are unable to rise to the top.
A transparent and an open system of functioning is not followed by political parties,
which prevents deserving party members from rising to the top.

{Any two well explained points }

22. ‘The silk routes are a good example of vibrant pre-modern trade and cultural links 2
between distant parts of the world.’ Analyze.

Historians have discovered several silk routes over land and by sea covering vast region
of Asia and connecting Asia with Europe and North Africa. Even pottery from China,
textile and spices from India and South Asia also travelled the same route.
Precious metals like gold and silver transported through silk route in return. The traders
along with trading items carried knowledge, ideas, values, skills invention, life style,
foods, habits and religious beliefs etc.

Buddhism emerged in India and spread through these silk routes in different directions.
The silk route not only played a role in linking distant parts of the world, it also
promoted pre modern trade and cultural links.
OR
‘Traders and travelers introduced new crops to lands they travelled.’ Elaborate.
• Traders and travelers introduced new crop to the lands they traveled.
• It is believed that noodles travelled west from China to become spaghetti.
• Arabs traders took pasta to 5th century Sicily, an island now in Italy.
• Many of our common foods such as potatoes, soya, groundnuts, maize,
tomatoes, chilies, sweet potatoes and so on were not known to our ancestors.
These foods were only introduced in Europe and Asia after Christopher
Columbus accidentally discovered America. In fact many of our common foods
came from America's original inhabitants -the American Indians.

23. ‘While the growth rate of manufacturing productivity fluctuated between 10 to 15 per 2
cent in the 1990’s and 2000’s, it began to stagnate after 2015, andthis negative trend
accelerated into the several years preceding the pandemic.’
With reference to the above statement, analyze the importance of ‘manufacturing sector’
in India.

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 The economic strength of a country lies in the development of manufacturing industries
because:

i Manufacturing industries help in modernizing agriculture which forms the backbone

of our economy.

ii It reduces the heavy dependence of people on agriculture sector and creates jobs in
secondary and tertiary sectors.

iii It is necessary for the removal of unemployment and poverty.

iv It brings down regional disparities.

v Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce and enhances

prosperity.vi It brings much needed foreign exchange.

24. ‘Ability to handle social differences, divisions and conflicts is a definite plus point of 2
democratic regimes. But the example of Sri Lanka reminds us that a democracy must
fulfill two conditions in order to achieve this outcome.’ Comment.

Democracy continues to be democracy as long as all citizens have a chance to be part

of majority at any point of time. If someone is debarred from being part of majority on
the basis of birth then democracy is said to be concentrated in few hands. Example of
Sri Lanka reminds us that a democracy must fulfill two conditions in order to achieve
this outcome:
(i) It is necessary to understand that democracy is not simply rule by majority opinion.
The majority always needs to work with the minority so that government can function
to represent the opinion of common people.

(ii) The rule of majority does not become rule by majority on the basis of religion or
race or linguistic group etc. Rule by majority means that in case of every decision or in
case of every election, different persons and groups may form a majority.

SECTION C
SHORT ANSWER BASED QUESTIONS (3X5=15) (15)
25. ‘The Bengal Gazette was a commercial paper open to all, but influenced by none.’ 3
Support the claim of James Augustus Hickey by stating any three valid arguments.
• James Augustus Hickey began editing the Bengal Gazette, a weekly magazine
that advertised itself as a commercial paper open to anyone, in 1780. but without
being affected by anyone’
• So it was a private English enterprise that began English printing in India, proud
of its independence from colonial influence. Hickey ran a number of adverts,
including those for the import and sale of slaves. He did, however, publish a
number of rumours regarding the Company’s top executives in India.

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 • Governor-General Warren Hastings was enraged at this, and promoted the
publication of officially sanctioned newspapers to offset the flow of information
that harmed the colonial governments.

26. In India, about 80 per cent of farmers are small farmers, who need credit for cultivation. 3
Why might Banks be unwilling to lend to small farmers? Mention the other sources,
and the cheapest sources from which they can borrow?
(a) Banks might be unwilling to lend small farmers because small farmers usually lack
in providing the required documentation for loan processing. Small farmers may also
fail to provide collateral security as requested by the banks.
(b) Money lenders, relatives, friends, cooperative societies etc.,
(c) Small farmers may take loan from money lenders at higher rates of interest for
farming purposes and may not be able to pay back. This results in selling a portion of
farmers' land and paying back to the money lender.
(d) Farmers can get credit at cheaper rates of interest from formal sources of credit like
banks and cooperative societies.

OR
How does money solve the problem of ‘double coincidence of wants’ that existed
inbarter system? Explain with an example of your own.
• Money solves the problem of double coincidence of wants by acting as a
medium of exchange.
• Double coincidence of wants implies a situation where two parties agree to sell
and buy each other’s commodities. i.e., what one party desires to sell is exactly
what the other party wishes to buy.
• Money does away with this tedious and complex situation by acting as a medium
of exchange that can be used for one and all commodities. For example, if an
ice-cream vendor wants a bicycle but the bicycle manufacturer wants clothes,
and not ice-creams, then the vendor can use money to obtain a bicycle. He does
need to adhere to the bicycle man’s needs because money acts as the common
medium of exchange. Similarly, the bicycle manufacturer can then use the
money to buy clothes.

27. Explain the role of ‘agro-based industries’ in Indian economy. 3

• The agro-based industry or agricultural industry implies industries related to
textiles, sugar, paper, and vegetable oil. Agro-based industries imply raw
materials of agricultural products. The Textile industry is one of the largest
industries in the agro-based industry.
• The industries which are engaged in processing of products of raw materials or
manufacturing them to finished products based on primary and secondary
products of agriculture and forest are called agro-based industries. Agro-based
industry includes the supply of agricultural inputs, the production, and
transformation of agricultural products and their distribution. There are four

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 types of agro-based industries such as agro-produce processing units, agro-
produce manufacturing units, agro-inputs manufacturing units, and agro service
centers
• The agriculture industry is one of the main generators of employment and
income worldwide. The Establishment of agro-based industries is based on the
availability of its raw materials. The importance of agro-based industry includes:
• Agro-based industries are set up in rural areas where raw materials are easily
available. It uplifts the rural economy.
• Provide employment opportunities for the rural population.
• Helps in income generation and improves the economic conditions of people.
• Solve problems of exploitation of the farming community.
• Increase agricultural production and improve the nation’s economy.
• Helps to minimize the cost of finished goods.

28. ‘Parties are a necessary condition for a democracy. The rise of political parties is directly 3
linked to the emergence of representative democracies.’ With reference to the given
statement, suggest any three reforms to strengthen parties so that they perform their
functions well.
Effective measures to reform political parties are:
1) A law should be made to regulate the internal affairs of political parties.
2) It should be made compulsory for political parties to maintain a register of its
members.
3) It should be made mandatory for political parties to give a minimum number of
tickets; about 1/3rd to its women candidates.
4) There should be a quota for women in the decision-making bodies of the party.
5) There should be state funding of elections.
6) The government should give parties money to support their election expenses in kind
for example petrol, paper, telephone etc. or in cash.
7) Vote casting should be made compulsory in each election.
8) Data regarding caste religion OBC, SC, ST should not be utilized during the election
period in any form.

29. ‘In the last twenty years, globalization of the Indian economy has come a long way.’ 3
Inthis context, explain how has it benefitted India?
• Globalization and greater competition among producers - both local and foreign
producers - has been of advantage to consumers, particularly the well-off
sections in the urban areas. There is greater choice before these consumers who
now enjoy improved quality and lower prices for several products.
• Among producers and workers, the impact of globalization has not been
uniformed.
• MNCs have increased their investments in India over the past 20years, which
means investing in India has been beneficial for them. several of the top Indian
companies have been able to benefit from the increased competition. They have
invested in newer technology and production methods and raised their

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 production standards. Some have gained from successful collaborations with
foreign companies.
• Globalization has also created new opportunities for companies providing
services, particularly those involving IT.

SECTION D
LONG ANSWER BASED QUESTIONS (5X4=20) (20)
30. Present a concise explanation of the maintypes of formations in which minerals occur. 5
• Igneous and metamorphic rocks: Minerals occur in the cracks, crevices, faults
or joints such as copper, tin, lead and zinc etc. The smaller or largest occurrences
are called veins or lodes.

• Sedimentary rocks: A number of minerals occur in beds or layers form a

sedimentary rock which is formed by the accumulation or deposition of mineral
or organic particles at the earth’s surface. It includes gypsum, potash salt and
sodium salt.

• Another method of formation involves the decomposition of surface rocks, and

the removal of soluble constituents, transmitting a remaining mass of weathered
rock carrying ores. Example- Bauxite.

• Soils deposited in riverbeds are known as alluvial deposits which is a form of

mineral. Such Gold, silver, tin and platinum. These deposits are called ‘placer
deposits. It contains minerals, which are not corroded by water.

• Some minerals are derived from ocean water, such as common salt, magnesium
and bromine. The ocean beds are rich in manganese nodules.
OR
Why is it necessary to conserve mineral resources? Suggest any four ways to conserve
mineral resources.
Mineral resources are necessary to be conserved because
1) Minerals are indispensable part of our lives. Almost everything we use is made up of
minerals. The role of minerals is very important in the Transport sector as minerals are
used for production as well as for running various locomotives.
2) They require a lot of time to be formed and at the current rate of consumption, they
will soon be exhausted. Therefore, they are finite and non renewable.
3) If overused, they would soon be exhausted and then will not be available for the
future generations.
4) Exploration of minerals has often led to the displacement of the marginal
communities like the local tribes with very few instances of adequate compensation.

The ways to conserve Mineral sources are :

1) Improved technologies need to be constantly evolved to allow use of low grade ores
at low costs.
2) Strict regulations by regulatory bodies to ensure that resources are mined responsibly.
3) Recycling of the minerals.

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 4) Using alternatives sources through research such as using scrap metals and other
substitutes.

31. Provide evidence to support the claim that ‘Print Revolution' had transformed the lives 5
of people, changing their relationship to information and knowledge.
• The shift from hand printing to mechanical printing is known as the print
revolution.
• The Print Revolution influenced people’s conception and opened new ways of
looking at things.
• It transformed the lives of people by opening the door of knowledge to a vast
literate population.
• It also changed people’s relationship to information and knowledge and with
institution and authorities.
• It encouraged debates and discussions on written texts and encouraged
freedom of opinion on important issues.
Thus, generating a new reading habit and book culture.

Printing influenced the life of people in the following ways:

• The ideas of scientists and philosophers now became more accessible to the
common people.
• Print popularized the ideas of the Enlightenment thinkers.
• Collectively, their writings provided a critical commentary on tradition,
superstition and despotism.
• They argued for the rule of reason rather than custom, and demanded that
everything be judged through the application of reason and rationality.
OR
Assess the decisions taken by the conservatives at the ‘Congress of Vienna’ in the year
1815.
• The representatives of the four great European powers – Britain, Russia, Prussia
and Austria who had collectively defeated Napoleon, met at Vienna to draw up
a settlement for Europe. The Congress was hosted by the Austrian Chancellor
Duke Metternich. The result was the Treaty of Vienna of 1815.
• Its object was to undo the changes that had come about in Europe during the
Napoleonic wars and to restore the monarchies that had been overthrown by
Napoleon, and create a new conservative order in Europe.
• The bourbon dynasty, (deposed during the French Revolution) was restored to
power. France lost the territories it had annexed under Napoleon.
• A series of states were set up on the boundaries of France to prevent it from
expansion in the future. E.g., kingdom of the Netherlands, which included
Belgium, was set up in the north.
• Genoa was added to Piedmont in the south. Prussia was given territories on its
western frontiers. Austria was given control of northern Italy.
• The German confederation of 39 states set up by Napoleon was left untouched.
• In the east, Russia was given part of Poland while Prussia was given a portion
• of Saxony.
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 • Thus, conservative regimes set up in 1815 were autocratic. They did not tolerate
criticism and dissent. They curbed activities that questioned the legitimacy of
autocratic governments.

32. Examine the multifaceted roles and functions played by political parties in India's 5
intricate political framework.
• Every political party has a number of functions to perform. Here we have listed
some of them.
• A political party contests elections by putting up candidates.
• In countries like the USA, the candidates are selected by members and
supporters of a party.
• On the other hand, in countries like India, the candidates are chosen by top party
leaders.
• Every party has different policies and programmes. Voters make a choice in
accordance with the policies and programmes liked by them.
• In a democratic country, a large group of people that has certain similar opinions
• group together and form a party. Then give a direction to the policies adopted
by
• the government.
• Those parties which lose elections form the opposition. They voice different
views
• and criticize the government for their failures and mobilize opposition to the
• government.
• Political parties shape public opinion. With the help of the pressure groups,
theparties launch movements for solving problems faced by the people.

OR
Write a short note on the emergence of the following political parties in India along with
their symbols:-
a) Nationalist Congress Party (NCP)
Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) is the splinter or breakaway party from the Congress
Party. It considers the values like democracy, equality and secularism important. It
became part of United Progressive Alliance (UPA) and came to power in Maharashtra.
It was in power in Maharashtra from 1999 to 2014 and at the centre from 2004 to 2014.
(Statistics + symbol a must for both the political parties)
b) Communist Party of India - Marxist (CPI-M)
The Communist Party of India was established in 1925. The Communist Party follows
the Marxist ideology. The party aims at working to protect the interests of workers and
labourers. The main objective of this party is to oppose capitalism and protect the

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 interests of workers. The party split due to ideological differences in 1964. Those who
walked out of the party formed Communist Party (Marxist).
(Statistics + symbol a must for both the political parties)

33. Why is it necessary that Banks and Co-operatives increase their lending in rural areas? 5
Explain.
• The main reason for increasing lending activities in rural areas is to help rural
people by providing loans at reasonable rates rather than from informal sources.
• In rural areas, agriculture is the main source of income. To increase the
production of crops, farmers need better tools and resources(seeds, fertilizers,
pesticides, water supply, equipment etc) and for this purpose they require money
and this requirement will be fulfilled by the credit.
• People in rural areas need loans for small-scale startups and shops.
• The wedding of a daughter is considered to be one of the holiest
responsibilities of the parents. They spend extravagantly on their daughter’s
marriage. So they need loans for this purpose.
• By providing loans, banks help rural people to start small-scale businesses
which helps create new job opportunities which is necessary for the
development of an economy.
OR
Discuss the establishment and purpose of ‘Grameen Bank’ by Prof. Muhammad Yunus,
emphasizing its mission to offer loans to individuals traditionally excluded from
banking services.
• In 1976, Dr Yunus launched the activities of Grameen bank, giving out
microloans to the poor. In 1983, Grameen Bank was officially formed.
• The borrowers typically repay back the loan in small weekly installments. In
small villages with no access to banks, Grameen has brought banking to people's
homes.
• By establishing Grameen Bank in 1983, Muhammad Yunus sought to realize his
vision of self-support for the very poorest people by means of loans on easy
terms. The bank has since been a source of inspiration for similar microcredit
institutions in over one hundred countries.
• Providing comprehensive financial services to empower the poor to realize their
potential and to break out of the vicious cycle of poverty.

SECTION-E
CASE BASED QUESTIONS (4x3=12) (12)
34. Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow:-
India had a very rich and old tradition of handwritten manuscripts – in Sanskrit, Arabic,
Persian, as well as in various vernacular languages. Manuscripts were copied on palm
leaves or on handmade paper. Pages were sometimes beautifully illustrated. They would
be either pressed between wooden covers or sewn together to ensure preservation.
Manuscripts continued to be produced till well after the introduction of print, down to
the late nineteenth century.

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 Manuscripts, however, were highly expensive and fragile. They had to be handled
carefully, and they could not be read easily as the script was written in different styles.
So manuscripts were not widely used in everyday life. Even though pre-colonial Bengal
had developed an extensive network of village primary schools, students very often did
not read texts. They only learnt to write. Teachers dictated portions of texts from
memory and students wrote them down. Many thus became literate without ever
actually reading any kinds of texts.

The printing press first came to Goa with Portuguese missionaries in the mid-sixteenth
century. Jesuit priests learnt Konkani and printed several tracts. By 1674, about 50
books had been printed in the Konkani and in Kanara languages. Catholic priests printed
the first Tamil book in 1579 at Cochin, and in 1713 the first Malayalam book was
printed by them. By 1710, Dutch Protestant missionaries had printed 32 Tamil texts,
many of them translations of older works.

a) List any two characteristic features of ‘manuscripts’. 1

• Manuscripts were copied on palm leaves or on handmade paper. Pages were
sometimes beautifully illustrated. They would be either pressed between
wooden covers or sewn together to ensure preservation.
• Manuscripts, however, were highly expensive and fragile. They had to be
handled carefully, and they could not be read easily as the script was written in
different styles.

b) How and when did the printing press first come to Goa? 1
The printing press first came to Goa with Portuguese missionaries in the mid-sixteenth
century.

c) Highlight any two advantages that the printed books have over the manuscripts. 2
• The copying of manuscript was an expensive, laborious and time whereas
printed books could be produced easily.
• The manuscripts were fragile, awkward to handle. They could not be easily
carried around or read easily whereas the printed books could be easily carried
around and read easily.

35. Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow:-
Automobiles provide vehicle for quick transport of good services and passengers.
Trucks, buses, cars, motor cycles, scooters, three-wheelers and multi-utility vehicles are
manufactured in India at various centers. After the liberalization, the coming in of new
and contemporary models stimulated the demand for vehicles in the market, which led
to the healthy growth of the industry including passenger cars, two and three-wheelers.
The industry is located around Delhi, Gurugram, Mumbai, Pune, Chennai, Kolkata,
Lucknow, Indore, Hyderabad, Jamshedpur and Bengaluru.

The electronics industry covers a wide range of products from transistor sets to
television, telephones, cellular telecom, telephone exchange, radars, computers and
many other equipments required by the telecommunication industry. Bengaluru has
emerged as the electronic capital of India. Other important centers for electronic goods
are Mumbai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Pune, Chennai, Kolkata, Lucknow and Coimbatore.

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 The major industry concentration is at Bengaluru, Noida, Mumbai, Chennai, Hyderabad
and Pune. A major impact of this industry has been on employment generation. The
continuing growth in the hardware and software is the key to the success of IT industry
in India.

a) Why has the automobile industry of India witnessed fast growth? 1

The automobile industry is one of the key drivers that boost the economic growth of the
country. India has witnessed a rapid growth in the automobile sector. Today, almost
every global auto major has set up facilities in the country.

b) Write the distribution of the electronics industry. 1

The electronics industry covers a wide range of products from transistor sets to
television, telephones, cellular telecom, pagers, telephone exchange, radars, computers
and many other equipment's required by the telecommunication industry. Bangalore has
emerged as the electronic capital of India. Other important centers for electronic goods
are Mumbai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Pune, Chennai, Kolkata, Lucknow and Coimbatore.

c) ‘Electronic industry has revolutionized the life of the masses and the country’s 2
economy.’ Justify the statement with suitable arguments.
Electronic industry has revolutionized the life of the people and the country’s economy
because:
• It produces a wide range of products from transistor sets to televisions and
computers for the masses.
• It has helped us set up telephone exchanges, telephones, cellular telecom, radios
and many other equipment’s which have application in space technology,
aviation, defense, meteorological departments, etc.
• It has generated employment for a large number of people. It employed over one
million people by March 2005; out of these 30% are women employees.
• This industry has been a major foreign exchange earner because of its fast
growing Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) Sector.
• India is one of the leading countries in software development. We have 18
software technology parks which provide high data communication facility to
software experts.

36. Read the passage and answer the following questions:-

The G20 Summit is an annual gathering of leaders from 19 of the world’s
largesteconomies and the European Union. The Group of Twenty (G20) was established
in1999 and serves as the premium forum for global economic cooperation and shaping.

The G20 Summit significantly contributes to molding and enhancing the

globalframework and governance concerning critical international economic matters.
Duringthe summit, leaders discuss various issues, including economic growth, trade,
climatechange, and geopolitical stability. They can have a significant impact on
globaleconomic and political developments.

India’s G20 logo juxtaposes planet Earth with the lotus, India’s national
flower.December 1st, 2022 is a momentous day as India assumed the presidency of the
G20 forum, taking over from Indonesia.
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 a) What is the main theme of ‘G20 summit’? 1
Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam, which translates to "One Earth, One Family, One Future," is
the theme of India's G20 presidency.

b) What is the source of inspiration of ‘The G20 Logo’? 1

The G20 Logo draws inspiration from the vibrant colours of India's national flag –
saffron, white and green, and blue. It juxtaposes planet Earth with the lotus, India's
national flower that reflects growth amid challenges.

c) List any four countries that were participants in the 2023 ‘G20 Summit’. 2
The 19 countries are Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Germany, France,
India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Mexico, the Russian Federation,
Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Turkey, the UK, and the US.

SECTION-F (5)
MAP SKILL BASED QUESTION (2+3=5)
37. 37.a Two places A and B have been marked on the given outline map of India. Identify them 2
and write their correct names.
A. Indian National Congress session at this place in 1920 - Calcutta
B. The place where Mahatma Gandhi broke Salt Law - Dandi

37.b On the same outline map of India locate and label any THREE of the following with 3
suitable Symbols.
a) A largest natural major seaport located at Andhra Pradesh
b) Singrauli Thermal Power Plant
c) Thiruvananthapuram software technology park
d) Meenam Bakkam International Airport

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Page 19 of 20
Name: _____________________ Class: ________ Div: ________ Roll no: ________

b) Singrauli

Calcutta

Dandi

a) Vishakhapatnam
port

c)
d) Meenam Bakkam
Thiruvananthapuram

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