Physics BY DR INDERDEEP SINGH UCI JALANDHAR 9780310725

5.LAWS OF MOTION

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Physics BY DR INDERDEEP SINGH UCI JALANDHAR 9780310725

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Physics BY DR INDERDEEP SINGH UCI JALANDHAR 9780310725

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Physics BY DR INDERDEEP SINGH UCI JALANDHAR 9780310725

Laws of Motion
The study of the relationship between the motion of a body and the causes of this motion is called ‘dynamics’. The
motion of a body is a direct result of its interactions with the other bodies around it.
Types of forces
The forces in case of dynamics of a particle can be classified in two ways (with respect to source), as
1. Contact forces and
2. Non-contact or field forces
1. Contact forces
If two surfaces are in physical contact (touching each other), contact forces come into picture. The component of
the contact force normal to the surface of contact (or the line of contact) is usually known as the “normal reaction”.
Also, a component of the force (called friction) may act along the surface of contact.
2. Non-contact forces
Without actual physical contact, bodies can exert forces on one another. Examples are gravitational force,
electrostatic force, magnetic force etc
Weight
Weight of a body is the force with which, it is attracted by the earth. Its direction is always downwards
(i.e., towards the centre of the earth).
Normal force or normal reaction
As said earlier, it always acts normal to the surface of contact (or line of contact). Observe the following figures.
N
A
N (normal reaction)
A C

B  B N

Normal reaction (N) of inclined plane on block is

N (normal reaction) along CA
Normal reaction of block B on A is Normal reaction (N) of block on inclined plane is
upward along CB
Normal reaction block A on B is
downwards
Spring force
Whenever a spring is compressed or extended, the elastic force developed in the spring, which helps the spring to
restore to its original length is known as “Spring force”. Spring force is proportional to the extension (or
compression), but opposite to the extension (or compression).
|F|  x and F = kx, where F = spring force, x = compression or extension and k is spring constant.
smooth
fig (a)
x=0
x is ve x is +ve
 F = kx

fig (b)
F = ve
F = kx

fig (c)
F is +ve

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Consider a spring attached to a body as shown in figure (a). The block is at rest at position x = 0 and the spring is in
its natural (unstreched) length.
If the block is pulled aside and released, it oscillates. When the block is on the right to x = 0 (the block may be
moving leftwards or right wards), x is positive. As F =  kx, spring force ON the block is negative
i.e., acting leftwards on the block.
When the block is on the left to x = 0 (the block may be moving leftwards or right wards), x is negative. As
F = kx, spring force ON the block is positive i.e., acting rightwards ON the block.
Note: i.e., spring constant is the force required to have unit extension (or compression) of the spring. It is

constant for a given spring. (Its unit is Nm1).

Tension
When a rope or a string is stretched, the stiffness in that rope is an electromagnetic force known as “tension”.
Tension (usually denoted by T) is always a pulling force. It can never push a body.
If two bodies are connected by a string and are pulled as shown in the following figure, then tension ON body 1, is
rightwards and tension ON body 2 is leftwards.

T T
1 2 Fapplied

If the string is massless, then tension throughout the string is same. If the string has (considerable) mass, tension at
different points in it will be different.

Newton’s first law of motion (or law of inertia)

If states that “if a body is at rest, it continues to be in its state of rest unless acted upon by an external force and if a
body is in uniform motion, it continues to be in its state of uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force”.
In other words, the net force on a body which is at rest or in uniform motion is zero. A body moving with some
initial velocity on a horizontal floor comes to rest, due to the external force (which is frictional force) acting on it.
If the horizontal floor were perfectly smooth (so that there is no friction between the body and the floor), the body
would continue to move with the same velocity (in the same direction) and would never come to a halt.
Inertia of rest
The inability of a body which is at rest, to change its state of rest on its own i.e., without the external force, is
known as inertia of rest”.
A man standing in a stationary bus, falls backward when the bus suddenly starts moving, due to inertia of rest.
When a foot-mat is hit by a stick, the dust particles get separated due to inertia of rest. The foot-mat moves
backwards, but the dust particles remain in their original positions. If the wind is blowing, they are carried away
and if there is no wind, they fall down.
Inertia of motion
“The inability of a body which is in uniform motion, to change its state of motion on its own i.e., without the
external force is known as inertia of motion”. A man standing in a moving bus, falls forward, when the bus
suddenly stops, due to inertia of motion.
You might have observed a fly in a bus moving with constant velocity. The fly in this case is as comfortable as it is
in a room. It sits on you, goes to your co-passenger and sits on him etc., This happens only if the fly has acquired
the velocity of the bus i.e., the fly should have sat on any part of the bus or on any of the passengers, initially. Now,

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if the bus suddenly accelerates forward, the flying fly would hit the back glass pane of the bus. If the bus suddenly
stops, the fly would hit the front glass pane of the bus. All this happens due to inertia of motion of the fly.
Inertia of direction
“The inability of a body to change its direction of motion on its own is called inertia of direction”.
Suppose, you are in a bus going to Tirumala up the hills. If the bus takes a right turn, your body falls left wards
(and vice versa) due to inertia of direction. If a body is dropped from a rising balloon, the body would move
upwards first (due to inertia of direction and inertia of motion) and then falls downwards.
Linear momentum
“The product of mass and velocity of a body is defined as its linear momentum Sometimes it is simply called
momentum.
, where m = mass of the body, and
= velocity of the body
Momentum is a vector physical quantity. Its direction is same as that of velocity.
Its SI unit is kg ms1 (or NS)
1 kg ms1 = 1 newton  second (= 1 NS)
1 NS = 1 MLT2.T = [MLT1]
kg ms1 = [MLT1]
Newton’s second law of motion
It states that “the rate of change of momentum of a body is directly proportional to the external force acting on it
and takes place in the direction of force”.


If mass is constant, or, where k is a constant.

With proper choice of units, k = 1



[where is acceleration equal to by definition]

So, Newton’s second law in the equation form is

The SI unit of force is Newton (N) and its CGS unit is dyne.
1 N = 105 dyne.
The gravitational unit of force is kg wt or kg(f) [Kilogram weight or kilogram force]
1 kg wt = 1 kg(f) = 9.8 N on earth.

Important points
1. If F = 0, a = 0 (as F = ma). So if net external force acting on a body is zero, its acceleration is zero. That means, the
body may be moving with constant velocity or may be at rest. This is nothing but first law of motion.
2. The slope of pt (momentum  time) graph gives the force. The pt graph of a moving body is as shown below.

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2 6
1 t
t1 t2
Physics BY DR INDERDEEP SINGH UCI JALANDHAR 9780310725

The net external force at time t1 = tan 1

The net external force at time t2 = tan 2
3. In the equation , is the resultant external force acting on the body.
So .

4. The direction of is along (or) along change in momentum of the body. Note that direction of need
not be along (initial or final momentum).

5. can be used only when mass (m) of the body is constant

Illustrations

1. The linear momentum of a body moving in one dimension varies with time according to the equation
p = At + Bt2, where A and B are positive constants. Find out the net force acting on the body as a function of time.
Solution
Momentum, p = At + Bt2 (given)

We know that .

2. A jet of water (5 kg s  1) travelling with a velocity of 5 ms  1 makes an Y 30

angle of 30  with the vertical wall as shown in the figure. The jet
rebounds with the same speed making an angle of 30  with the wall. O X

Calculate the average force on the wall. 30

Solution
m = mass of water striking the wall = 5 kg in 1 second
So, time is taken as 1 second.
Velocity of jet = 5 ms1
Initial momentum along OX is (pi)x = mv sin 30 =

Initial momentum along OY is (pi)y = mv cos 30 =

Final momentum along OX is (pf)x = mv sin 30 = 12.5 kg ms1

Final momentum along OY is (pf)y = mv cos 30 =

Change in momentum of water jet along OX is (p)x = 12.5  (+12.5) = 25 kg ms1

Change in momentum of the water jet along OY is

 Net change in momentum of jet is p = 25 kg ms1 i.e., 25 kg ms1 along XO

Average force on the wall

This force on the wall is along OX and on the jet is along XO.

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3. A net force of 200 N gives a body of mass m1 an acceleration of 80 ms2 and a body of mass m2, an acceleration of
240 ms2. What acceleration will this force cause when the masses combine together?
Solution
We know that F = ma

When joined together,

Final acceleration is .

Newton’s third law of motion

It states that “when two particles interact, the force on the first particle exerted by the second particle is equal and
opposite to the force on the second particle exerted by the first particle” or “to every action there is equal and
opposite reaction”.
Suppose that a body A experiences a force due to a body B. Also body B will experience a force due to A,
then or Action = Reaction
The very important thing to be noted down is, though action and reaction are equal and opposite, they never cancel
each other because they act on two DIFFERENT bodies.
Impulse
If a large force acts on a body for a very short interval of time, it is called impulsive force. The product of this
impulsive force and the time for which it acts is called “impulse”.
Impulse,

We know that or

or, Impulse = change in momentum

Impulse = Force  time

Also, when force is a function of time

Important points
1. Impulse is a vector. The direction of impulse is along the force or change in momentum.

2. Its SI unit is Ns (or) kg ms1

3. The area under F  t(force  time) graph gives impulse

4. Impulse is not force. It is the product of force and time

5. Impulse force is like any other force with the only difference that, it is large and acts for a short time. Even if the
net force is small and acts for a long time, we can still calculate the impulse imparted by it and equate it to the total
change in momentum of the body on which it has acted.

6. While taking a catch, the fielder in a cricket match moves his hands backwards. Just before the ball is caught, it has
initial momentum and this is fixed for a given shot. After the catch is taken final momentum is zero and so this is
also constant. So, during the catch, the change in momentum is constant, i.e., impulse (J) is constant. We know J =
Ft

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If the time of taking the catch (i.e., time required for the change in momentum, t) is increased,
F decreases (as J for a given catch is constant). That means the fielder feels less pain in his hands, as he draws his
hands back while catching.
7. Consider the situation (shown in the figure) in which a man is standing on a wall of height ‘h’. When he jumps, the
velocity (and so initial momentum) with which he reaches the floor is same on either side. After jumping final
momentum is zero. So the change in momentum (and so impulse, J) is constant.

Concrete floor Sandy floor

If he jumps onto the concrete floor, the time for change in momentum (t) is small. So F is more in this case (as J
has to be constant). Thus the man gets hurt. If he jumps on to the sandy floor, the time for change in momentum (t)
is more. So F is less in this case (as J has to be constant). Thus the man does not get hurt more.

Illustrations
4. The force-time graph for the motion of a body is shown in the following figure

F(N)
10

20 t(s)
2 10

What is the change in momentum of the body between 0 and 20 s?

Solution

F(N)
10

A1
A2 t(s)
2
0 10s 20s

Change in momentum = impulse = Net area under F-t graph =

5. A time varying force F acts on a body for a short time 2t as shown in the figure. The body was initially at rest.
What is the velocity acquired by the body?
F

O t
t 2t

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Solution F

+A
t
A
Net area under F-t graph = (+A) + (A) = 0
 Change in momentum = zero
Initially the body was at rest. So after a time 2t also it will be at rest.
 Velocity acquired = zero.
6. As shown in the figures, two identical balls strike a rigid wall with equal speeds but at different angles. They are
reflected back without any loss of speed. Determine the ratio of impulses imparted by the two balls on the wall

m
u

u u


u
m
fig (a) fig (b)
Solution
Case (i): Impulse = change in momentum =

u u
O X

fig (a)
m
Case (ii): u Y

Angle of incidence = Angle of reflection = 90   90  

Initially: 90   X
O
(pi)x = mu cos (90  ) = mu sin  u
m
(pi)y = mu sin (90  ) = mu cos  fig (b)

Finally
(pf)x = mu cos (90  ) = mu sin 
(pf)y = mu sin (90  ) = mu cos 
(p)x = (pf)x  (pi)x = (mu sin )  (mu sin ) = 2mu sin 
(p)y = (pf)y (pi)y = (mu cos )  (mu cos ) = 0
 Total change in momentum, p = 2mu sin 
i.e., change in momentum of the ball is 2mu sin  along XO direction
 Impulse (imparted to wall) = 2mu sin 
Ratio of impulse in cases (i) and (ii) is = cosec 

7. In the above example, what is the direction of force exerted by the ball on the wall in both the cases?
Solution
In both the cases the direction of change in momentum of the ball is along XO. So in both the cases force on the
ball is along XO and force on the wall is along OX.
Motion of a body on a smooth inclined plane N
a
Consider a body of mass ‘m’ sliding down a smooth inclined plane of
 mg sin 
mg cos 
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mg  smooth
Fixed
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Physics BY DR INDERDEEP SINGH UCI JALANDHAR 9780310725
inclination . The forces on it are its weight (mg) acting vertically downward and normal reaction(N) perpendicular
to the inclined plane. If ‘mg’ is resolved perpendicular and parallel to the inclined plane,
mg sin  = ma  (i)
(where ‘a’ is acceleration of body down the plane)
and N = mg cos   (ii)
From equation (i), a = g sin 
So, the acceleration of a body on a smooth inclined plane is g sin  and normal reaction on the body is mg cos 
Free body diagrams (FBDs):
Free body diagram of a body (or a system) gives all the forces acting ON the body (or the system), with magnitudes
and directions. FBD’s are very useful while solving the problems using Newton’s Laws of motion. While drawing
the FBD of a body only those forces acting ‘ON’ the body are drawn. And forces by the body on other bodies are
not considered while drawing its FBD. This is the most important point in drawing FBD of a body.
Points to be remembered while drawing FBD’s:
(i) Represent the weight of the body.
(ii) If connected to a string represents “tension”. Note that it always has pulling effect.
(iii) If connected to a spring, represent “spring force”. If the spring is extended if has pulling effect and if it is
compressed it has pushing effect.
(iv) If the body is in contact with a surface, represent normal reaction.
(The other contact force is frictional force and will be considered later). Note that the normal force is perpendicular
to the surface of contact (or line of contact).
(v) If there any applied forces, represent them.
Note: if a pulley is massless or light, its weight is not drawn and the net force on it is zero.
[ F = ma and mass of the pulley, m = 0]
Problem solving strategy  Applying Newton’s laws
The following steps are recommended while solving the problems using Newton’s laws.
(i) Decide the system: The system, onto which laws of motion are to be applied, is to be indentified. If the system is
not a single body, but a collection of two or more bodies, the only condition is that all the bodies must have same
acceleration.
(ii) Note down the forces acting on the system
(iii) Draw the FBD of the system
(iv) Choose axes and write equations: If the forces are coplanar X and Y axes are chosen. The forces are resolved along
X and Y axes. Then we have two equations.
Fx = max and Fy = may
If the system is moving along x-axis, then ay = 0.
 Fy = 0
If forces are collinear, we do not require the equation Fy = 0.

Illustrations
8. A system consists of three bodies of different masses, which are in contact, on a smooth surface as shown in the
figure. A force ‘F’ is applied as shown. Find the acceleration of the system and normal force between m1 and m2
and between m2 and m3.

F
m1 m2 m3
smooth

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Solution
All the masses move with same acceleration, which we call acceleration of the system (a).
(see the following figure). a y
Fnet = ma  F = (m1 + m2 + m3)a F
m1 m2 m3
O x

In y-direction, the normal force between each block and the floor is cancelled by its own weight.
So we can consider forces along x-direction only. Let N12 and N23 are normal forces between first and second
blocks and between second and third blocks respectively.
FBD of m1:
a
Fnet = F  N21
 F  N21 = m1a [from Fnet = ma] m1
F N21

N12 = N21 m2
... (ii) N12 N32

FBD of m2:
Fnet = N12  N32 (N12 = N21)
 N12  N32 = m2 a

… (iii)
a
Alternatively
FBD of m3: m3
N23 = N32
Fnet = N23 (N23 = N32)
 N23 = m3 a

or, which is same as equation (iii)

a y
Alternatively
F
m1 m2 m3
O x

Block 3 a

 m3
N32 Fa

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Block 1
a

m1
T12 = T21


9. Three masses m1, m2 and m3, kept on a smooth horizontal table, are connected by light, inextensible strings and are
pulled as shown. Find the acceleration of the system and tensions T1 and T2 in the strings
T1 T2
m1 m2 m3 F

Smooth
Solution
Here also, we can consider only the forces in x-direction. As the string is inextensible all the masses have same
acceleration, which we call acceleration of the system (a).
As the strings are light, tension through out a string is same.
a
Y

m1 m2 m3 F
X
O

F = (m1 + m2 + m3)a …. [From Fnet = ma]

… (i)

FBD of m1: a
T1 = m1a [ Fnet = ma] T1
m1
… (ii)

FBD of m2: a
Fnet = T2  T1
m1
 T2  T1 = m2a T1 T2
... [From eqn (i)]

... [From eqn (ii)]

… (iii)

Alternatively a
FBD of m3
Fnet = F  T2 m3 F
T2
 F  T2 = m3 a =  T2 = F  mga = (m1 + m2)a

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or, which is same as equation (iii)

Alternatively

Block m3 a

m3 F
 T32
Block m1 a

m1 T12 = T21

10. Two blocks of masses ‘m’ and ‘2 m’ are kept on a smooth inclined plane and the system is pushed using a force ‘4
mg’ as shown. Find out the contact force between the blocks.

smooth
2m
4 m
mg
30 Fixed

y
Solution x
a
Let N be the contact force between the blocks. O
We need not consider the forces along Y-direction. 2m
If the two blocks are considered as a system, 4 mg m

Fnet = 4mg  3mg sin 30 along OX 3 mg sin30

30
3 mg

Acceleration of the system is a  (i)

FBD of m
a
N
4 mg m

mg sin30

Alternatively
FBD of 2m a

Fnet = N  2mg sin 30 = N  mg 2m

2 mg sin30
N  mg = 2ma ..... [ Fnet = ma]
N

, which is same as eqn (ii)

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11. Two blocks of masses 5 kg and 10 kg are connected by a massless spring. A force of 20 N acts on 10 kg mass as
shown. At the instant, 5 kg mass has an acceleration of 0.4 ms  2, what is the acceleration of
10 kg mass?
5 kg 10 kg 20 N
Smooth

Solution
Let the spring force at that instant is Fsp. a1
FBD of 5 kg FSP
5 kg
Fsp = 5a1 …..[ Fnet = ma]
a2
= 5  0.4 = 2 N
FBD of 10 kg FSP 10 kg 20 N

Fnet = 20  Fsp
= 20  2 = 18 N
As Fnet = ma, 18 = 10 a2  a2 = 1.8 ms2
 Acceleration of 10 kg mass at the instant given is 1.8 ms2.
12. A block of mass m1 is pulled with a string of mass m2 and length l. The horizontal force applied on the string is F.
The block is kept on a frictionless horizontal surface and the mass of the string is uniformly distributed over its
length.
m 2, l
m1 F
Smooth

Find out:
(a) force exerted by the string on the block and acceleration of system
(b) tension at a distance x from the end at which force is applied.

or …(1)

Force exerted by the string a

Block m1
m1 F

Tension at a distance x from the end at which the force is applied.

a
F m2 F
B A

(lx) x


a
T F
B A
x

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13. Two blocks A and B at rest on a smooth horizontal surface in contact with each other. Forces F1 and F2 are applied
as shown. Mass of A is 6 kg and of B is 4 kg. If after the application of forces A and B do not move, find the force
F1, and normal reactions between all the contact surfaces. [g = 10 ms2]
F1
Y
30

A B F2 = 30 N
Smooth O X
Solution
The system is in static equilibrium
Fnet = 0
Block B NB
Fnet = 0

30 N
NAB


mBg = 4  10 = 400 W

Block A
F1 F sin 30
NA
30
A
F1 cos 30 NBA = NAB = 30N

mBg = 6  10 = 60 N

14. A 10 kg block and a 5 kg block are connected by a mass less string which passes over a pulley fixed to a wedge as
shown in the figure. What is the acceleration of each block? What is the tension in the string? [g = 10 ms2]

10 kg 5 kg
Smooth Smooth
37 Fixed
53
Solution
We do not require the forces perpendicular to the inclined plane as the blocks have no motion in this direction. Let
tension in the string is T.
FBD of 10 kg a T
Fnet = ma  10 g sin 37  T = 10 a 10 g

T = 60  10 a  (i) 10 g sin 37
37

FBD of 5 kg
Fnet = ma  T  5g sin 53 = 4a
T
a
5g

53 5 g sin 53
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T = 40 + 5a  (ii)

From eqn (i) and (ii), 60  10a = 40 + 5a

15 a = 20

Substituting in equation (ii), a

10Sn37 T
Alternatively
10 kg block B a

5 g sin 53
i.e.,

…(1)
…(2)
Sub (2) from (1) we have
25 = 15a

From (1)

Lami’s theorem
It states that if three coplanar concurrent forces acting on a particle, keep it in equilibrium, then each force is
directly proportion to the sine of the angle between the other two forces. OR The ratio of each force to the sine of
the angle between other two force is a constant.

P Q

Where P, Q and R are magnitudes of forces and ,  and  are the angles between RQ, PR
 
and PQ respectively as shown in fig.
Here the equilibrium means static equilibrium (or the body is stationary)
R
Illustrations

15. A bob (of mass m) of a simple pendulum is pulled to a side by a horizontal force F, such that the string makes an
angle  with the vertical. Let the length of simple pendulum is l. Find out the relation between tension (T), F and m
using Lami’s theorem.
Solution
The three forces i.e., tension in the string (T), applied horizontal force (F) and weight of the bob (mg) keep the bob
in equilibrium.
Using Lami’s theorem, we have
l
 T1
5t 90  
x
F
180  
mg

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Physics BY DR INDERDEEP SINGH UCI JALANDHAR 9780310725
Also

[where ‘x’ is the distance shown in figure]

16. If ‘O’ is in equilibrium, what are the values of T1 and T2 in the figure?  (90 + )

F
60
180   90
T1
T2
O 60 mg

Solution 20 N
From the figure

A
From Lami’s theorem,
30 150
(Write unknown quantities and finally known quantities)
T1
O 30
(18030)
60 T
2
B
 C
20 N

and
Inertial and non-inertial frames of reference
A reference frame at rest or moving with constant velocity with respect to a frame attached to an object at rest is
called “inertial frame of reference”. A reference frame that is accelerating is called “non-inertial frame of
reference”. A reference frame accelerating along a straight line or rotating is a non-inertial frame of reference. A
reference frame attached to earth is approximately an inertial frame of reference.
Pseudo force: elevator
Consider a block of mass ‘m’ resting on the floor of an elevator which is moving upwards
with an acceleration ‘a’. The block is observed by observer A who is on the ground i.e., in
an inertial frame. The block is also observed by observer B, who is in the elevator i.e., from
a B
a non inertial frame.
m
A

Ground

FDB of ‘m’ wrt A:

N
Fnet = N  mg (upwards)
 N  mg = ma a m

or N = m(g + a) mg

So, observer A would say that normal contact force between the block and floor of elevator is m(g + a) or apparent
weight of block is m(g + a).
N

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mg
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Physics BY DR INDERDEEP SINGH UCI JALANDHAR 9780310725
FBD of ‘m’ wrt B:
With respect to observer B, the block is at rest. So he would say N = mg.

While the same block is observed by A and B, the normal reactions on the block are different. Actually the
observation of A is correct and that of B is incorrect, because B is in a non-inertial frame of reference. Being in a
non-inertial frame of reference, if one wants to apply Newton’s laws, one has to include an additional force called
‘pseudo force”, in the free body diagram. If B includes a force ‘ma’ (which is a pseudo force) opposite to the
direction of acceleration in the FBD of block, he would arrive at the right result.
Now, FBD of m wrt B: N
Now, N = mg + ma
m
or, N =m(g + a), which is same as obtained by observer A.
So, it is concluded that whenever a problem is solved from a non-inertial
frame of reference, pseudo force has to be included in the FBD of the body analysed. (Pseudo force)ma mg
Important points
1. If a body of mass ‘m’, is in an elevator accelerating upwards, its apparent weight is N = m(g + a).
2. If the same body is in the elevator decelerating upwards, its apparent weight is N = m(g  a)
3. If the same body is in the elevator accelerating downwards, its apparent weight is N = m(g  a).
4. If the same body is in the elevator decelerating downwards, its apparent weight is N = m(g + a).
5. If a block suspended by a massless string from the ceiling of an elevator, in the above 4 points, N is replaced by
tension (T) in the string.
6. Pseudo force on a body of mass ‘m’ is to be applied in a direction opposite to the acceleration of
non-inertial frame.

Illustrations
17. A block of mass ‘m1’ is kept on an inclined plane of a wedge of mass ‘m2’.
A force F is applied as shown. If all surfaces are smooth, what is the m1 value
of F so that block remains stationary with respect to wedge?
m2 F
Solution

Acceleration of system is, … (i) a
N
Let at this acceleration, m1 is stationary w.r.t. m2  N cos 
From the ground frame (i.e., inertial frame) m1
FBD of m1: N sin 
N sin  gives acceleration to the block and N cos  balances its weight i.e., m1g. m 1g
 N sin  = m1 a … (ii)
N cos  = m1g … (iii)
Dividing equation (ii) by (iii),

or a = g tan 
 F = (m1 + m2) g tan  … (iv) [from (i)]
From the wedge frame (i.e., non-inertial frame)
If you imagine that, you sit on the wedge and observe the block, it would be stationary w.r.t. you. You have to
include pseudo force (= m1a) in the FBD of block, opposite to acceleration (a)
So, FBD of m1: N cos 
N

URBAN COACHING INSTITUTE JALANDHAR 9780310725N sin  m1a(Pseudo force)
19
m1g
Physics BY DR INDERDEEP SINGH UCI JALANDHAR 9780310725
Fx = 0  N sin  = m1a
Fy = 0  N cos  = m1g
Dividing,

 F = (m1 + m2) a = (m1 + m2) g tan , which is same as earlier result.

Law of conservation of linear momentum

The product of mass and the velocity of a particle is defined as its linear momentum . So
The magnitude of linear momentum is p = mv

, where k is kinetic energy of the particle.

From Newton’s second law

In case, the external force applied to a particle (or a body) is zero, then
,

showing that in the absence of an external force (or ), the linear momentum of a particle (or a body) remains
constant. This law is called the law of conservation of linear momentum. This law can be extended to a system of
particles or to the centre of mass of a system of particles.

Illustrations

18. A man of mass m is standing on a platform of mass M kept on a smooth horizontal surface. The man starts moving
in the platform with a velocity V relative to the platform. Find the recoil velocity of the platform.
Solution
Let the velocity of man is V1 forwards and the velocity of the platform is V2 backwards. (recoil velocity)

v1
But (given)
 V = V1 + V2  V1 = V  V2 v2
pi = 0  pf = 0
So, mV1 + M(V2) = 0
m(V  V2)  MV2 = 0
V2 (m + M) = mv 

19. A boy of mass 60 kg is standing over a platform of mass 40 kg placed over a smooth horizontal surface. He throws
a stone of mass 1 kg with velocity V = 10 ms1 at angle of 45 with respect to ground. Find the displacement of the
platform (with boy) on the horizontal surface when the stone lands on the ground. Take = g = 10 ms1.
Solution
u = 10 ms1
ux = u cos 45
45
In the horizontal direction, we use
pf = pi v

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 Distance travelled by platform (+ boy) is

 In this problem, we have assumed that stone is projected from the ground level.

Friction
When two solid bodies slip over each other, the force of friction is called “Kinetic friction”. When two bodies do
not slip on each other, the force of friction is called “static friction”. Friction always opposes relative motion
between two bodies. Resistance to motion of a stationary object on a surface on the application of an external force
is called static friction.
Resistance to increase in motion parameter of a moving object on a surface is called kinetic friction.
Static friction
The force of static friction which develops in the direction opposite to the applied force is a “self adjusting force”.
F = applied force
fs = static friction
Consider a block of weight, W = Mg placed on a rough horizontal surface. F
It is found that
fs
(a) When F = 0 then fs = 0
Mg
(b) When F  0 and small then fs = F till fs becomes equal to some (fs)max (or) fL (as F is increased). Once
fs = (fs)max or fL, fs does not increase further. It is found that
(fs)max (or) fL = sN (where s = coefficient of static friction)
(fs)max (or) fL is called maximum value of static friction or limiting friction.  s is a dimensionless constant which
depends on nature of the surfaces in contact. It does not depend on area of contact.

fs is a self adjusting force in the sense that when F < (fs)max or fL then force of static friction fs = F
Kinetic friction
When the applied force F exceeds the limiting friction i.e., (fs)max then fL = sN

the body begins to move. During motion the force of friction decreases KN

slightly. Now the frictional force is called kinetic friction (fk). It can be
expressed as fk =  kN, where  k is called the coefficient of kinetic
friction. Force of friction
(f)
 k is a dimensionless constant. Usually  k <  s. Also  k is independent Applied force (F)
of relative velocities of the two objects.
When we try to slide an object on a surface, then the force of friction that develops as a function of applied force is
shown in the figure.
Till F < fL, the force of friction fs = F.

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But as F exceeds fL (=  sN), the body begins to move and force of friction (slightly) decreases to fk =  kN and
remains so thereafter. Because limiting friction is higher than kinetic friction, we require more force to start a
motion than to maintain it against friction.
When a body rolls on a surface, the resistance offered by the surface is called “rolling friction”. In rolling the
surfaces in contact do not rub each other. The velocity of the point of contact with respect to surface remains zero
all the time, although the centre of the body moves forward.
Rolling friction is negligible as compared to static or kinetic friction and r < k < s.
Angle of friction ()
N
When applied force is equal to fL, the block is about to slide. The contact forces
acting on it are N and fL. The resultant of these two is RC. The angle that, this RC
 F = fL
resultant makes with N is called angle of friction (). From the figure
…(i) FL = sN

Angle of repose ()

Suppose a block of mass ‘m’ is placed on a rough inclined plane whose inclination 
can be increased or decreased. At a general angle  , (let  s be the coefficient of m
friction between the block and the plane)

Normal reaction, N = mg cos 
Limiting friction, fL = sN = s mg cos 
and the driving force (or pulling force) is F = mg sin 
From the above three equations, it is clear that, when  is increased from 0 to 90, normal reaction N and hence
the limiting friction fL is decreased, while the driving force F is increased. There is a critical angle called angle of
repose () at which these two forces (i.e., F and fL) are equal. Now, if  is further increased, then the driving force
F becomes more than the limiting friction fL and the block starts sliding.
Thus, fL= F at  =  (or) smg cos  = mg sin 
(or) tan = s   = tan1 (s) …(ii)
From equations (i) and (ii), we see that angle of friction () is numerically equal to the angle of repose.
or, =
From the above discussion we can conclude that
If  < , F < fL the block is stationary (and f = mg sin )
If  = , F = fL the block is on the verge of sliding (and f = fL = s mg cos  = mg sin )
and if  > , F > fL the block slides down with acceleration (and f = fk = k mg cos ) given by

N, fL, F

How N, fL and F vary with  is shown in the graph.

N = mg cos  or N  cos  mg F
FL = s mg cos  or fL  cos  N
smg
F = mg sin  or F  sin  fL
Normally s < 1,  fL < N 
Circular motion 0  =  90

In non-uniform circular motion, speed is not constant. The particle possesses angular acceleration (  ). In non-
uniform circular motion two cases arise (i)  is constant and (ii)  is varying. If  is constant, the following
equations hold good.
 = 0 + t

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Physics BY DR INDERDEEP SINGH UCI JALANDHAR 9780310725

In the above equations symbols have their usual meanings. In non-uniform circular motion linear acceleration has
two components
(i) Centripetal acceleration,

(ii) tangential acceleration, = rate of change of speed [Note that at = r]

These two components of acceleration are mutually perpendiculars. Therefore, net acceleration of the particle will
be

Following three points are important regarding the above discussion:

(i) In uniform circular motion, speed (v) of the particle is constant i.e., Thus at = 0 and

a = ar = r2.
(ii) In accelerated circular motion, is + ve and tangential acceleration of particle is parallel to .

(iii) In decelerated circular motion, is negative and hence, tangent acceleration is anti-parallel to velocity .

On any curved path (not necessarily a circular one) the acceleration of the particle has two components at and an in two

 mutually perpendicular directions, component of

Thus
along is at and component of perpendicular to is an.

Circular turning of roads

When vehicles go through turnings, they travel along a nearly circular arc. There must be some force which will
produce the required centripetal acceleration. If the vehicles travel in a horizontal circular path, this resultant force
is also horizontal. The necessary centripetal force can be provided to vehicles in three ways.
(i) By friction only
(ii) By banking of roads only
(iii) By friction and banking of roads both
In REAL LIFE, the necessary centripetal force is provided by FRICTION AND BANKING OF ROADS both.
(i) By friction only
Suppose a car of mass ‘m’ is moving at a speed ‘v’ in a horizontal circular arc (or level turning) of radius r. In this
case, the necessary centripetal force to the car is provided by force of friction (this is static friction) acting towards
centre. Thus

Maximum frictional force available is fL= sN = smg

So, for safe turning without sliding v

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Physics BY DR INDERDEEP SINGH UCI JALANDHAR 9780310725

Here, two situations may arise. If s and r are known to us, the speed of vehicle should not exceed and if v

and r are known to us, the coefficient of static friction should be greater than .

(ii) By banking of roads only

At the turnings, roads are banked i.e., the outer part of the road is somewhat lifted compared to the inner part.
Applying Newton’s second law along the radius and the first law in the vertical direction
and N cos  = mg
N
Thus, 

 mg

This is the speed at which car does not slide down or up, even if the track is smooth. If track is

 smooth and speed is less than , vehicle moves down so that ‘r’ gets reduced and if speed is more than

this vehicle moves up increasing ‘r’.

(iii) By friction and banking of roads both
Consider a vehicle moving on a circular road, which is rough and also banked.
(i) Friction f is outwards if the vehicle is at rest or V = 0. Because in this case the component of weight mg sin  is
balanced by ‘f’.

N
f



 mg

N sin  = f cos 
N cos  + f sin  = mg
(ii) Friction f is outwards if
N
f



 mg

N cos  + f sin  = mg
(iii) Friction f is zero if
N


 mg

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Physics BY DR INDERDEEP SINGH UCI JALANDHAR 9780310725

N cos  = mg
(iv) Friction f is inwards if
N


f
 mg

N cos   f sin  = mg

Conical pendulum

and T cos  = mg  L

T 
Dividing, we get
r

Angular speed, mg
r = L sin 

Time period of conical pendulum is or

Well of Death or rotor

In case of ‘death well’, a person drives a bicycle on a vertical surface of a large wooden well, while in case of a
rotor at a certain angular speed of rotor a person hangs resting against the wall without any support from the bottom.
In death well walls are at rest and person revolves. In case of rotor person is at rest and the walls rotate.

r
f
N
mg
f
N r
mg v

Death well
Rotor

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Physics BY DR INDERDEEP SINGH UCI JALANDHAR 9780310725
In both the cases friction balances weight of person and normal reaction provides the centripetal force required for
circular motion.
f = mg

A cyclist on the bend of a road

Resultant of N and f is F and it should pass through centre of gravity, G
Resultant of F and mg provides centripetal force
F

N G

 
mg
f mg

Illustrations
20. A fire hose squirts 12 kg s−1 of water against a flat plate (normally). The velocity of stream is 10 ms−1. If the water
flows parallel to the plate after striking it, the average force on the plate is
(A) 120 N (B) 60 N (C) 150 N (D) 200 N
Ans (A)
m = mass of water striking the plate = 12 kg in 1 second
So, time is taken as 1 second.
Velocity of jet = 10 ms−1
∴ Initial momentum (along OX) is
p1 = mv = 12 × 10 = 120 kg ms−1
Final momentum (along OX) is pf = 0
∴ magnitude of change in momentum is

So, average force is

This force, on water is along XO and on plate is along OX.

21. A net force of 200 N gives a body of mass m1 an acceleration of 80 ms−2 and a body of mass m2, an acceleration of
240 ms−2. The acceleration that this force causes when the masses combine together is
   
(A) 50 ms 2
(B) 60 ms 2
(C) 120 ms 2
(D) 100 ms 2

Ans (B)
We know that F = ma

When joined together,

Final acceleration is .

22. A car moves at a constant speed on a straight but hilly road. One section has a crest and dip of the same 250 m
radius. As the car passes over the crest, the normal force on the car is one half the 16 KN weight of the car. The

normal force on the car as it passes through bottom of the dip is [g = 10 ms 2]
(A) 24  103 N (B) 12  103 N (C) 32  103 N (D) 16  103 N

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Physics BY DR INDERDEEP SINGH UCI JALANDHAR 9780310725
Ans (A)
Given that and mg = 16000 N

Here

23. In the figure, if the pulley is massless and moves with an upward acceleration a0, the tension in the string is

(A) (B)

(C) (D)

Ans (C)
From non-inertial frame [i.e., reference frame of pulley]:-
a is a acceleration of system w.r.t pulley

…(i)

…(ii)

From (i) and (ii)

24. A ball of mass 200 g is thrown with a speed 20 ms−1. The ball strikes a bat and
rebounds along the same line at a speed of 40 ms−1. Variation in the interaction
force, as long as the ball remains in contact with the bat is as shown in figure.
Maximum force F0 exerted by the bat on the ball is
(A) 4000 N (B) 5000 N
(C) 3000 N (D) 2500 N
Ans (A)
Area under graph =
 

25. Velocity a particle of mass 2 kg varies with time according to the equation . Here t is in second.
The impulse imparted to the particle in the time interval from is
(A) 8 Ns (B) 10 Ns (C) 6 Ns (D) 4 Ns
Ans (A)

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Physics BY DR INDERDEEP SINGH UCI JALANDHAR 9780310725
Impulse imparted to the particle by a force = Change in momentum

(given)
At and at
∴

NCERT LINE BY LINE

1. A constant retarding force 100 N is applied to a body of mass 20 kg, moving initially with
speed 20 m/s. How long does the body take to stop? [NCERT-I, XI Pg. 110]
(1)2s (2) 3 s (3) 1s (4) 4s
2. A man of mass 60 kg stands on a weighing scale in a lift which is moving upward with a
uniform speed of 10 m/s. The reading on the scale is. [NCERT-L XI Pg. 110]
(1) Zero (2) 120kgwt (3) 60kgwt (4) 90kgwt
3. A rocket with a lift-off mass 10000 kg is blasted upwards with an initial acceleration of
2 m/s2. The initial thrust of the blast is [NCERT-L XI Pg 110)
(1) 120 kN (2) 80 kN (3) 100 kN (4) 140 kN
4. Consider the following statements
(a) Frictional force between block and contact surface depends on area of contact
(b) Frictional force may also act when there is no relative motion between the contact
surfaces.
The correct statement is [NCERT-I, XI Pg. 110]

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Physics BY DR INDERDEEP SINGH UCI JALANDHAR 9780310725
(1) (a)only (2) (b)only
(3) (a) and (b) both (4) Neither (a) nor (b)
5. Two identical billiard balls strike a rigid wall with same speed as shown in the figure. The
ratio of magnitude of impulse imparted to the balls by the wall [NCERT-I, XI Pg. 98]

1) 2) 3) 4)

6. A force-time plot for a body is shown in the figure. The total change in momentum of the
body is [NCERT-I, XI Pg. 98]

(1) 400 Ns (2) 300 Ns (3) 500 N s (4) 200 N s

7. For a given surface, the normal reaction and frictional force are inclined at
[NCERT-I, XI Pg. 101)
(1) 0°to each other (2) 90° to each other
(3) 45° to each other (4) tan–1( ) to each other
8. A machine gun fires 10 bullets per second each with speed 200 m/s. If the mass of each
bullet is 20 g, then the force required to keep the gun stationary is
[NCERT-I, XI Pg. 98)
(1) 40N (2) 04 N (3) 4N (4) 8N
9. A mass of 2 kg rests on a horizontal plane. The plane is gradually inclined until at an angle
= 30° with the horizontal, the mass just begins to slide. The coefficient of static friction
between the block and the surface is [NCERT-I, XI Pg. 102]

1) 2) 3) 4)

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Physics BY DR INDERDEEP SINGH UCI JALANDHAR 9780310725
10. A cyclist speeding at 5 m/s on a level road takes a sharp circular turn of radius 2.5 m
without reducing the speed. The minimum value of coefficient of static friction between
tyre and road such that cyclist does not slip is [NCERT-I, XI Pg. 105]
(1) 0.5 (2) 1.5 (3) 1.0 (4) 0.8
11. A truck starts from rest and accelerates uniformly with 5 m/s2. The minimum value of
coefficient of static friction between surface of truck and a box placed on it such that box
does not slip back, will be [NCERT-I, XI Pg. 110]
(1) 0.4 (2) 0.6 (3) 0.5 (4) 0.2
12. The tension in string PQ as shown in the figure is ( g = 10 m/s2) [NCERT-I, XI Pg. 99)

(1) 100 N (2) 150N (3) 130 N (4) 50 N

13. In the given figure, the reading of spring balance is (g = 10 m/s2) [NCERT-I, XI Pg.
100)

(1) 10N (2) 20 N (3) 80 N (4) 40 N

14. The ratio of tension T1 and T2 as shown in the figure is NCERT-I, XI Pg. 100]

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Physics BY DR INDERDEEP SINGH UCI JALANDHAR 9780310725
1) 2) 3) 4)

15. A car is moving on a curved road of radius R. The road is banked at an angle . The
coefficient of friction between tyres of the car and road is . The minimum safe velocity
on this road is [NCERT-I, XI Pg.
104]

(1) (2)

(3) (4)

16. Two masses as shown in the figure are suspended from a smooth massless pulley. The
acceleration of 3 kg mass, when system is released, will be [NCERT-I. XI Pg. 106)

(1) 2.5 m/s2 (2) 2.0 m/s2 (3) 4.0 m/s2 (4) 5.0 m/s2
17. A body is acted upon by unbalanced forces, then body [NCERT-I, XI Pg. 95]
(1) Will be at rest
(2) Will keep moving with uniform speed
(3) Will accelerate
(4) Will be at rest if even number of forces will act
18. Two blocks A and B are released from rest on two inclined plane as shown in the figure.
[NCERT-I, XI Pg. 102]

The ratio of the accelerations (aA / a8 ) is

(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 1.5 (4) 0.8
19. A 60 kg monkey, climbs on a rope which can withstand a maximum tension of 900 N.

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The case in which the rope will break if the monkey [NCERT-L XI Pg. 113]
(1) Climbs up with acceleration of 6 m/s2
(2) Climbs down with acceleration of 4 m/s2
(3) Climbs up with uniform speed of 5 m/s
(4) Falls down the rope nearly freely under gravity
20. Which of the following is self adjusting force? [NCERT-I, XI Pg. 101]
(1) Static friction (2) Limiting friction(3) Kinetic friction (4) All of these.

NCERT BASED PRACTICE QUESTIONS

1. The First law of motion is also called
(a) law of inertia (b) law of gravitation
(c) law of weak force (d) law of electrostatics
2. Inertia of a body is
(a) Basic property of a body (b) arise due to force
(c) due to shape of body (d) none of above
3. If two bodies A and B has mass mA and mB such that mA > mB then inertia of body A is
(a) greater then B (b) samaller then B
(c) equal to B (d) cannot be said
4. Newton’s second law of motion can be represented by

(a) F = ma (b) F = (c) F = m (d) all above

5. Newton’s law of motion are valid in

(a) inertial frame of reference
(b) Non inertial frame of reference
(c) applicable to all frame of reference
(d) Not applicable in any frame of reference
6. Every action has equal and opposite reaction is Newton’s
(a) First law (b) second law (c) third law (d) not Newton’s law
7. Dimension of impulse is same as
(a) momentum (b) force (c) energy (d) acceleration
8. A body is called in translational equilibirium when net force on the body is

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Physics BY DR INDERDEEP SINGH UCI JALANDHAR 9780310725
(a) zero (b) Non-zero
(c) do not depend on force (d) variable
9. Main law of motion is
(a) First law (b) second law (c) third law (d) none
10. If a body is acted upon by three forces then for equilibrium of the body which
condition must be correct?
(a) (b) (c) (d)
11. If us , uk and ur are coefficient of static friction, kinetic friction and rolling friction than.
(a) uk > us > ur (b) us > ur > uk (c) us > uk > ur (d) ur > uk > us
12. Two blocks are connected by a string one block is bept on friction less table then
acceleration of each block is

(a) (b) (c) (d) g

13. Which of the following is true for static friction force (f?)
(a) f max µs N (b) f max µsN

(c) f max = o (d) f max

14. Two masses 8 kg and 12kg are connected at the two ends of a light inex tensible string
that goes over a friction less pulley. Then tension in the string is
(a) 96N (b) 90N (c) 85N (d) 80N

15. Figure shows the position time graph of a particle of mass 4 kg for O< t< 4s?

(a) 0 (b) ¾ N (c) 3 N (d) 4N

16. A mass of 6 kg is suspended by a rope of length 2m from the ceiling . A force of 50 N in
the horizontal direction is applied at the midpoint P of the rope. What is the angel the
rope makes with the vertical in equilibrium?

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-1 -1
(a) tan (b) tan

-1 -1
(c) tan (d) tan

17. The maximum acceleration of the train in which a box lying on its floor will remain
stationary coefficient of static friction between box and train’s floor is 0.15
2 2
(a) 2.5 m/s (b) 1.0 m/s
2 2
(c) 1.5 m/s (d) 2.0 m/s
0
18. A batsmen deflects a ball by an angle of 45 without changing its initial speed which is
equal to 54 km/h . What is impulse imparted to the ball (mass of the ball 0.15 kg)
(a) 2.1 kg m/s (b) 4.2 kg m/s
(c) 8.4 kg m/s (d) 5.4 kg m/s
19. A stone of mass 0.25kg tied to the end of a string is a round in a circle of radius 1.5m
with a speed of 40rev/min in a horizontal pane. What is the tension in the string?
(a) 5.6 N (b) 4.6 N
(c) 6.6 N (d) 13.2N
20. A block of mass 15 kg is placed on a long trolley. The coefficient of static friction
2
between the block and trolley is 0.18. The trolley accelerates from rest with 0.5 m/s
acceleration of the block with respect to trolley is
2 2
(a) 1.8 m/s (b) 0.5 m/s
2
(c) 0 (d) 1.2 m/s
21. A shell of mass 0.02 kg is fired by a gun of mass 100kg. If the muzzle speed of the shell
is 80m/s. The recoil speed of the gun is?
(a) 3.2 cm/s (b) 1.6 m/s
(c) 3.2 m/s (d) 1.6 cm/s

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22. One end of a string of length l is connected to a particle of mass m and the other to a
small peg on a smooth horizontal table It the particle moves in a circle with speed the
net force on the particle is

(a) T (b)

(c) (d) 0

23. A monkey of mass 40kg climbs on a rope which can stand a maximum tension of 600N.
Then the maximum acceleration with which the monkey can climb the rope
(a) 6 cm/s (b) 5 m/s
(c) 7 m/s (d) 8 cm/s
24. Reaction due to body depends on its
(a) velocity (b) mass
(c) acceleration (d) none of these
25. A man weighing mg in a rocket moves up with acceleration 4g. His weight in the rocket is
(a) zero (b) 4mg
(c) 5 mg (d) mg
26. A shell is fired from a canon it explodes in mid air its total
(a) Momentum increases (b) Momentum decreases
(c) KE increases (d) KE decreases
27. In an elevator moving vertically up with an acceleration ‘g’ the force exerted on the floor
by a passenger of mass M is

(a) Mg (b) (c) zero (d) 2 Mg

28. A particle of mass m moving with velocity strikes a stationary particle of mass 2m and
sticks to it. The speed of the system will be
(a) /2 (b) 2
(c) /3 (d) 3
29. A mass placed on an inclined plane is just in equilibirium. It is coefficient of friction of
the surface. Then maximum inclination of the plane with the horizontal is
-1 -1
(a) tan (b) tan ( /2)
-1 -1
(c) sin (d) cos
30. The proper use of lubricants cannot reduce

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(a) static friction (b) inertia
(c) sliding friction (d) rolling friction
31. A ball with an initial momentum P collides normally with a rigid wall. If P’ is its linear
momentum after the perfectly elastic collision, then
(a) P’ = P (b) P’ = – P
(c) P’ = 2P (d) P’ = - 2P
32. A block of mass M is pulled along a horizontal surface by a rope of mass m by applying
a force F at one end of the rope. The force which the rope exerts on the block is

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

33. A 60kg man goes around earth in a satellite. In the satellite, his weight will be
(a) zero (b) 60 kg (c) 600N (d) 60N
34. A bomb at rest explodes into 3 parts of the same mass the momentum of the 2 parts
are – 2p and the momentum of the third part will have a magnitude of
(a) P (b) (c) (d) zero
35. A body of mass 10kg is sliding on a frictionless horizontal surface with a velocity of 2
m/s. The force required to move it with the same velocity is
(a) 10 N (b) 5N (c) 20N (d) zero
36. A block of mass 2kg is pushed by a horizontal force of 2.5N on a floor. What is the force
of the friction between the block and the floor if coefficient of static friction is 0.4
(a) 7.84 N (b) 8N (c) 2.5 N (d) 5N
37. A block of metal weighing 2kg is resting on a frictionless plans. If is struck by a jet
releasing water at a rate of 1 kg/s and at a speed of 5m/s then acceleration of the black
is:
2 2 2 2
(a) 5 m/s (b) 2.5 m/s (c) 7.5 m/s (d) 10 m/s
38. A cyclist speeding at 18 km/h on a level road takes a sharp circular turn of radius 3m
without reducing the speed then minimum coefficient of static friction so that cyclist do
not slip?
(a) .1 (b) .83 (c) .63 (d) .53

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39. Momentum conservation principle is followed when external force acting on the body or
system is
(a) zero (b) non zero
(c) constant (d) do not depend on force
40. A stone of mass m tied to the end of a string revolves in a vertical circle of radius R.
The net force at the lowest point of the circle is
(a) mg – T (b) mg + T

(c) mg + T (d) mg - T

TOPIC WISE PRACTICE

Topic 1: I, II & III Laws of Motion

1. A rider on a horse back falls forward when the horse suddenly stops. This is due to
1) inertia of horse 2) inertia of rider 3) large weight of the horse 4) losing of the balance
2. Which of the following is not an illustration of Newton's third law ?
1) Flight of a jet plane2) A cricket player lowering his hands while catching a cricket ball
3) Walking on floor 4) Rebounding of a rubber ball
3. A particle of mass 0.3 kg subject to a force F = – kx with k =15 N/m . What will be its initial
acceleration if it is released from a point 20 cm away from the origin ?
1) 15 m/s2 2) 3 m/s2 3) 10 m/s2 4) 5 m/s2
4. A ship of mass 3 × 107 kg initially at rest, is pulled by a force of 5 × 104 N through a distance of 3m.
Assuming that the resistance due to water is negligible, the speed of the ship is
1) 1.5 m/sec. 2) 60 m/sec. 3) 0.1 m/sec. 4) 5 m/sec.
5. A 600 kg rocket is set for a vertical firing. If the exhaust speed is 1000 ms-1 , the mass of the gas ejected
per second to supply the thrust needed to overcome the weight of rocket is
1) 117.6 kg s-1 2) 58.6 kg s-1 3) 6 kg s-1 4) 76.4 kg s-1
6. An object of mass 20 kg moves at a constant speed of 5 ms-1. A constant force, that acts for 2 sec on the
object,
gives it a speed of 3 ms-1 in opposite direction. The force acting on the object is
1) 8 N 2) –80 N 3) –8 N 4) 80 N
7. A satellite in a force free space sweeps stationary interplanetary dust at a rate (dM/dt) = v. The
acceleration of satellite is

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1) 2) 3) 4)
8. An object will continue moving uniformly when, the resultant force
1) on it is increasing continuously 2) is at right angles to its rotation
3) on it is zero 4) on it begins to decrease
9. A player stops a football weighting 0.5 kg which comes flying towards him with a velocity of 10m/s. If
the impact lasts for 1/50th sec. and the ball bounces back with a velocity of 15 m/s, then the average
force involved is
1) 250 N 2) 1250 N 3) 500 N 4) 625 N
10. A ball of mass 0.2 kg is thrown vertically upwards by applying a force by hand. If the hand moves 0.2 m
while applying the force and the ball goes upto 2 m height further, find the magnitude of the force.
(Consider g = 10 m/s2).
1) 4 N 2) 16 N 3) 20 N 4) 22 N
11. A block of mass 5kg is moving horizontally at a speed of 1.5 ms-1. A vertically upward force 5N acts on
it for 4 seconds. What will be the distance of the block from the point where the force starts acting?
1) 2 m 2) 6 m 3) 8 m 4) 10 m
12. We can derive Newton’s
1) second and third laws from the first law 2) first and second laws from the third law
3) third and first laws from the second law 4) All the three laws are independent of each other
13. A particle of mass 10 kg is moving in a straight line. If its displacement, x with time t is given by x = (t3
– 2t – 10) m, then the force acting on it at the end of 4 seconds is
1) 24 N 2) 240 N 3) 300 N 4) 1200 N
14. A block of mass m is placed on a smooth horizontal surface as shown. The weight (mg) of the block and
normal reaction (N) exerted by the surface on the block

1) form action-reaction pair m 2) balance each other

3) act in same direction 4) both 1) and 2)

Topic 2: Momentum, Law of Conservation of Momentum and Impulse

15. A ball of mass 150 g, moving with an acceleration 20 m/s2, is hit by a force, which acts on it for 0.1 sec.
The impulsive force is
1) 0.5 N 2) 0.1 N 3) 0.3 N 4) 1.2 N
16. A hammer weighing 3 kg strikes the head of a nail with a speed of 2 ms-1 drives it by l cm into the wall.
The impulse imparted to the wall is
1) 6Ns 2) 3Ns 3) 2Ns 4) 12 Ns
17. A ball is thrown up at an angle with the horizontal. Then the total change of momentum by the instant it
returns to ground is
1) acceleration due to gravity × total time of flight 2) weight of the ball × half the time of flight
3) weight of the ball × total time of flight 4) weight of the ball × horizontal range
18. A machine gun has a mass 5 kg. It fires 50 gram bullets at the rate of 30 bullets per minute at a speed of
400 ms-1. What force is required to keep the gun in position?
1) 10 N 2) 5 N 3) 15 N 4) 30 N
19. A body whose momentum is constant must have constant
1) velocity 2) force 3) acceleration 4) All of the above
20. An object at rest in space suddenly explodes into three parts of same mass. The momentum of the two
parts are 2p and p . The momentum of the third part

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1) will have a magnitude 2) will have a magnitude
3) will have a magnitude p 4) will have a magnitude 2p.
21. A 50 kg ice skater, initially at rest, throws a 0.15 kg snowball with a speed of 35 m/s. What is the
approximate recoil speed of the skater?
1) 0.10 m/s 2) 0.20 m/s 3) 0.70 m/s 4) 1.4 m/s
22. A bag of sand of mass m is suspended by a rope. A bullet of mass is fired at it with a velocity v and
gets embedded into it. The velocity of the bag finally is
1) 2) 3) 4)
23. A ball of mass m falls vertically to the ground from a height h1 and rebounds to a height h2. The change
in momentum of the ball of striking the ground is
1) 2) 3) 4)
24. A ball of mass 10 g moving perpendicular to the plane of the wall strikes it and rebounds in the same
line with the same velocity. If the impulse experienced by the wall is 0.54 Ns, the velocity of the ball is
1) 27 ms-1 2) 3.7 ms-1 3) 54 ms-1 4) 37 ms-1
25. The rate of mass of the gas emitted from rear of a rocket is initially 0.1 kg/sec. If the speed of the gas
relative to the rocket is 50 m/sec and mass of the rocket is 2 kg, then the acceleration of the rocket in
m/sec2 is
1) 5 2) 5.2 3) 2.5 4) 25

26. The linear momentum p of a body moving in one dimension varies with time according to the equating
P = a + bt2 where a and b are positive constants. The net force acting on the body is
1) proportional to t2 2) a constant 3) proportional to t 4) inversely proportional to t
27. A balloon has 8gm of air. A small hole is pierced into it. The air escapes at a uniform rate of 7 cm–1. If
the balloon shrinks in 5.6 seconds then the average force acting on the balloon is:
1) 10–4N 2) 10–2dyne 3) 56dyne 4) 10–6N
28. An object of mass 3M splits into three equal fragments. Two fragments have velocities and .
The velocity of the third fragment is

1) 2) 3) 4)

29. A shell at rest at the origin explodes into three fragments of masses 1 kg, 2 kg and m kg. The1 kg and 2
kg pieces fly off with speeds of 12 m/s along x-axis and 16 m/s along y-axis respectively. If the m kg
piece flies off with a speed of 40 m/s, the total mass of the shell must be
1) 3.8 kg 2) 4 kg 3) 4.5 kg 4) 5 kg

Topic 3: Equilibrium of Forces, Motion of Connected Bodies and Pulley

30. Block A is moving with acceleration A along a frictionless horizontal surface. When a second block, B
is placed on top of Block A the acceleration of the combined blocks drops to 1/5 the original value.
What is the ratio of the mass of A to the mass of B?
1) 5 : 1 2) 1 : 4 3) 3 : 1 4) 2 : 1
31. Three blocks with masses m, 2 m and 3 m are connected by strings as shown in the figure. After an
upward force F is applied on block m, the masses move upward at constant speed v. What is the net
force on the block of mass 2m? (g is the acceleration due to gravity)

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1) 2 mg 2) 3 mg 3) 6 mg 4) zero

32. Two mass m and 2m are attached with each other by a rope passing over a frictionless and massless
pulley. If the pulley is accelerated upwards with an acceleration ‘a’, what is the value of tension?
1) 2) 3) 4)
33. A lift is moving down with acceleration a. A man in the lift drops a ball inside the lift. The acceleration
of the ball as observed by the man in the lift and a man standing stationary on the ground are
respectively
1) g, g 2) g-a, g-a 3) g-a, g 4) a, g
34. A 4000 kg lift is accelerating upwards. The tension in the supporting cable is 48000 N. If g =
then the acceleration of the lift is
1) 1 2) 2 3) 4 4) 6
35. A spring balance is attached to the ceiling of a lift. A man hangs his bag on the spring and the spring
reads 49 N, when the lift is stationary. If the lift moves downward with an acceleration of 5 m/s2, the
reading of the spring balance will be
1) 24 N 2) 74 N 3) 15 N 4) 49 N
36. A triangular block of mass M with angles 30°, 60°, and 90° rests with its 30°–90° side on a horizontal
table. A cubical block of mass m rests on the 60°–30° side. The acceleration which M must have
relative to the table to keep m stationary relative to the triangular block assuming frictionless contact is
1) g 2) 3) 4)

37. A uniform chain of length l and mass m is hanging vertically from its ends A and B which are close
together. At a given instant the end B is released. What is the tension at A when B has fallen a distance?
1) 2) 3) 4)

38. Two blocks of masses 2 kg and 1 kg are placed on a smooth horizontal table in contact with each other.
A horizontal force of 3 newton is applied on the first so that the block moves with a constant
acceleration. The force between the blocks would be
1) 3 newton 2) 2 newton 3) 1 newton 4) zero
39. A rope of length 4 m having mass 1.5 kg/m lying on a horizontal frictionless surface is pulled at one end
by a force of 12N. What is the tension in the rope at a point 1.6 m from the other end?
1) 5N 2) 4.8N 3) 7.2N 4) 6N
40. A solid sphere of 2 kg is suspended from a horizontal beam by two supporting wires as shown in fig.
Tension in each wire is approximately

1) 30 N 2) 20 N 3) 10 N 4) 5 N

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41. A light string passing over a smooth light pulley connects two blocks of masses and (vertically).
If the acceleration of the system is g/8, then the ratio of the masses is
1) 8 : 1 2) 9 : 7 3) 4 : 3 4) 5 : 3
42. A block of mass M is pulled along a horizontal frictionless surface by a rope of mass m. If a force P is
applied at the free end of the rope, the force exerted by the rope on the block is
1) 2) 3)P 4)

Topic 4: Friction
43. Consider a car moving on a straight road with a speed of 100 m/s . The distance at which car can be
stopped is
1) 1000 m 2) 800 m 3) 400 m 4) 100 m
44. A horizontal force F is applied on block of mass m placed on a rough inclined plane of inclination .
The normal reaction N is

1) 2) 3) 4)
45. A body of mass 2 kg is placed on a horizontal surface having kinetic friction 0.4 and static friction 0.5.
If the force applied on the body is 2.5 N, then the frictional force acting on the body will
be
1) 8 N (2) 10 N (3) 20 N (4) 2.5 N
46. A block rests on a rough inclined plane making an angle of 30° with the horizontal. The coefficient of
static friction between the block and the plane is 0.8. If the frictional force on the block is 10 N, the
mass of the block (in kg) is take
1) 1.6 2) 4.0 3) 2.0 4) 2.5

47. A body starts from rest on a long inclined plane of slope 45°. The coefficient of friction between the
body and the plane varies as =0.3xwhere x is distance travelled down the plane. The body will have
maximum speed for when x =
1) 9.8 m 2) 27 m 3) 12 m 4) 3.33 m
48. For the arrangement shown in the Figure the tension in the string is

1) 6N 2) 6.4N 3) 0.4N 4) zero.

49. A 100 N force acts horizontally on a block of 10 kg placed on a horizontal rough surface of coefficient
of friction If the acceleration due to gravity (g) is taken as10ms-2. The acceleration of the
block(in ms-2), the acceleration of the block (in ms-2) is
(a) 2.5 (b) 10 (c) 5 (d) 7.5

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50. A block of mass 0.1kg is held against a wall applying a horizontal force of 5 N on the block. If the
coefficient of friction between the block and the wall is 0.5, the magnitude of the frictional force acting
on the block is:
(a) 2.5 N (b) 0.98 N (c) 4.9 N (d) 0.49 N

51. A block of mass m is placed on a surface with a vertical cross section given by = If the
coefficient of friction is 0.5, the maximum height above the ground at which the block can be placed
without slipping is:
(a) (b) 3) 4)
52. Starting from rest, a body slides down a 45º inclined plane in twice the time it takes to slide down the
same distance in the absence of friction. The coefficient of friction between the body and the inclined
plane is:
(a) 0.33 (b) 0.25 (c) 0.75 (d) 0.80
Topic 5: Circular Motion and Banking of Road
53. A cane filled with water is revolved in a vertical circle of radius 4 meter and the water just does not fall
down. The time period of revolution will be
(a) 1 sec (b) 10 sec (c) 8 sec (d) 4 sec
54. The coefficient of friction between the rubber tyres and the road way is 0.25. The maximum speed with
which a car can be driven round a curve of radius 20 m without skidding is
(g = 9.8 m/s2)
(a) 5 m/s (b) 7 m/s (c) 10 m/s (d) 14 m/s
55. A bucket tied at the end of a 1.6 m long string is whirled in a vertical circle with constant speed. What
should be the minimum speed so that the water from the bucket does not spill when the bucket is at the
highest position?
(a) 4 m/sec (b) 6.25 m/sec (c) 16 m/sec (d) None of the above
56. A body of mass 0.4 kg is whirled in a vertical circle making 2 rev/sec. If the radius of the circle is 1.2 m,
then tension in the string when the body is at the top of the circle, is
(a) 41.56 N (b) 89.86 N (c) 109.86 N (d) 115.86 N
57. A body of mass ‘m’ is tied to one end of a spring and whirled round in a horizontal plane with a constant
angular velocity. The elongation in the spring is 1 cm. If the angular velocity is doubled, the elongation
in the spring is 5 cm. The original length of the spring is :
(a) 15 cm (b) 12 cm (c) 16 cm (d) 10 cm
58. A person with his hands in his pockets is skating on ice at the velocity of 10 m/s and describes a circle
of radius 50 m. What is his inclination with vertical
1) 2) 3) 4)

59. The minimum velocity (in ms–1) with which a car driver must traverse a flat curve of radius 150 m and
coefficient of friction 0.6 to avoid skidding is
(a) 60 (b) 30 (c) 15 (d) 25
60. The string of a pendulum of length l is displaced through 90º from the vertical and released. Then the
minimum strength of the string in order to withstand the tension as the pendulum passes through the
mean position is
(a) 3 m g (b) 4 m g (c) 5 m g (d) 6 m g

NEET PREVIOUS YEARS

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Physics BY DR INDERDEEP SINGH UCI JALANDHAR 9780310725

1. Which one of the following statements is incorrect? [2018]

1) Rolling friction is smaller than sliding friction.
2) Limiting value of static friction is directly proportional to normal reaction.
3) Coefficient of sliding friction has dimensions of length.
4) Frictional force opposes the relative motion.
2. A block of mass m is placed on a smooth inclined wedge ABC of inclination q as shown in the figure.
The wedge is given an acceleration ‘a’ towards the right. The relation between a and q for the block to
remain stationary on the wedge is [2018]

1) 2) 3) 4)
3. Two blocks A and B of masses 3 m and m respectively are connected by a massless and inextensible
string. The whole system is suspended by a massless spring as shown in figure. The magnitudes of
acceleration of A and B immediately after the string is cut, are respectively : [2017]

1) g/3,g 2) g, g 3) g/3, g/3 4) g,g/3

4. One end of string of length l is connected to a particle of mass 'm' and the other end is connected to a
small peg on a smooth horizontal table. If the particle moves in circle with speed 'v' the net force on the
particle (directed towards centre) will be (T represents the tension in the string) [2017]
1) 2) 3) zero 4) T
5. What is the minimum velocity with which a body of mass m must enter a vertical loop of radius R so
that it can complete the loop ?
[2016]
1) 2) 3) 4)
6. A block A of mass m1 rests on a horizontal table. A light string connected to it passes over a frictionless
pulley at the edge of table and from its other end another block B of mass m2 is suspended. The
coefficient of kinetic friction between the block and the table is μk. When the block A is sliding on the
table, the tension in the string is
[2015]
1) 2) 3) 4)

7. Three blocks A, B and C of masses 4 kg, 2 kg and 1 kg respectively, are in contact on a frictionless
surface, as shown. If a force of 14 N is applied on the 4 kg block then the contact force between A and
B is [2015]

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Physics BY DR INDERDEEP SINGH UCI JALANDHAR 9780310725

1) 6 N 2) 8 N 3) 18 N 4) 2 N
8. A plank with a box on it at one end is gradually raised about the other end. As the angle of inclination
with the horizontal reaches 30º the box starts to slip and slides 4.0 m down the plank in 4.0s. The
coefficients of static and kinetic friction between the box and the plank will be, respectively : [2015]

1) 0.6 and 0.5 2) 0.5 and 0.6 3) 0.4 and 0.3 4) 0.6 and 0.6
9. Two stones of masses m and 2 m are whirled in horizontal circles, the heavier one in radius r/2 and the
lighter one in radius r. The tangential speed of lighter stone is n times that of the value of heavier stone
when they experience same centripetal forces. The value of n is : [2015]
1) 3 2) 4 3) 1 4) 2
10. A system consists of three masses and connected by a string passing over a pulley P. The
mass m1 hangs freely and m2 and m3 are on a rough horizontal table (the coefficient of friction = ).
The pulley is frictionless and of negligible mass. The downward acceleration of mass m1 is: (Assume
m1= m2 = m3= m) [2014]

1) 2) 3) 4)

11. The force ‘F’ acting on a particle of mass ‘m’ is indicated by the force-time graph shown below. The
change in momentum of the particle over the time interval from zero to 8 s is : [2014]

1) 24 Ns 2) 20 Ns 3) 12 Ns 4) 6 Ns
12. A balloon with mass ‘m’ is descending down with an acceleration ‘a’ (where a < g). How much mass
should be removed from it so that it starts moving up with an acceleration ‘a’? [2014]

1) 2) 3) 4)

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Physics BY DR INDERDEEP SINGH UCI JALANDHAR 9780310725
13. A particle moving with velocity is acted by three forces shown by the vector triangle PQR. The
velocity of the particle will : [NEET-
2019]

(1) increase (2) decrease (3) remain constant (4) change according to the smallest force
14. A block of mass 10 kg is in contact against the inner wall of a hollow cylindrical drum of radius 1 m.
The coefficient of friction between the block and the inner wall of the cylinder is 0.1. The minimum
angular velocity needed for the cylinder to keep the block stationary when the cylinder is vertical and
rotating about its axis, will be : (g = 10 m/s2) [NEET-
2019]
1) 2) 3) 4)
15. When an object is shot from the bottom of a long smooth inclined plane kept at an angle 60° with
horizontal, it can travel a distance x1 along the plane. But when the inclination is decreased to 30° and
the same object the shot with the same velocity, it can travel x2 distance. Then x1 : x2 will be
[NEET- 2019]
(1) (2) (3) (4)
16. A person standing on the floor of an elevator drops a coin. The coin reaches the floor in time t1 if the
elevator is at rest and in time t2 if the elevator is moving uniformly. Then :- [NEET – 2019 (ODISSA)]
(1) t1 < t2 or t1 > t2 depending upon whether the lift is going up or down
(2) t1 < t2 (3) t1 > t2 (4)t1 = t2
17. A truck is stationary and has a bob suspended by a light string, in a frame attached to the truck. The
truck, suddenly moves to the right with an acceleration of a. The pendulum will tilt [NEET – 2019
(ODISSA)]
(1) to the left and angle of inclination of the pendulum with the vertical is

(2) to the left and angle of inclination of the pendulum with the vertical is

(3) to the left and angle of inclination of the pendulum with the vertical is

(4) to the left and angle of inclination of the pendulum with the vertical is

18. A body of mass m is kept on a rough horizontal surface (coefficient of friction = ) A horizontal force
is applied on the body, but it does not move. The resultant of normal reaction and the frictional force
acting on the object is given by F, where F is : [NEET – 2019
(ODISSA)]
1) 2) 3) 4)

19. Calculate the acceleration of the block and trolly system shown in the figure. The coefficient of kinetic
friction between the trolly and the surface is 0.05. (g = 10 m/s2, mass of the string is negligible and
no other friction exists). [NEET – 2020 (COVID-19]

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(1) 1.25 m/s2 (2) 1.50 m/s2 (3) 1.66 m/s2 (4) 1.00 m/s2
20. Two bodies of mass 4kg and 6kg are tied to the ends of a massless string. The string passes over a
pulley which is frictionless (see figure). The acceleration of the system in terms of acceleration due to
gravity [NEET – 2020]

1) g/10 2) g 3) g/2 4) g/5

21. A ball of mass 0.15 kg is dropped from a height 10 m, strikes the ground and rebounds to the same
height. The magnitude of impulse imparted to the ball is (g = 10 m/s2) nearly
[NEET-2021]
1) 4.2 kg m/s 2) 2.1 kg m/s 3) 1.4 kg m/s 4) 0 kg m/s
22. An electric lift with a maximum load of 2000 kg (lift + passengers) is moving up with a constant speed
of 1.5 ms-1. The frictional force opposing the motion is 3000N. The minimum power delivered by the
motor to the lift in watts is : [NEET-2022]
1) 23000 2) 20000 3) 34500 4) 23500

NCERT LINE BY LINE QUESTIONS – ANSWERS

NCERT LINE BY LINE ANSWERS

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Physics BY DR INDERDEEP SINGH UCI JALANDHAR 9780310725
1) d 2) c 3) a 4) b 5) a 6) c 7) b 8) a 9) b 10) c
11) c 12) a 13) d 14) a 15) b 16) b 17) c 18) b 19) a 20) a
NCERT BASED QUESTIONS
1) a 2) a 3) a 4) d 5) a 6) d 7) a 8) a 9) b 10) a
11) c 12) b 13) a 14) a 15) a 16) a 17) c 18) b 19) c 20) c
21) d 22) d 23) b 24) c 25) c 26) c 27) d 28) c 29) d 30) b
31) a 32) a 33) c 34) d 35) c 36) b 37 b 38) a 39) a 40) a

TOPIC WISE PRACTICE QUESTIONS - ANSWERS

1) 2 2) 2 3) 3 4) 3 5) 3 6) 2 7) 2 8) 3 9) 4 10) 4
11) 4 12) 3 13) 2 14) 2 15) 3 16) 1 17) 3 18) 1 19) 1 20) 2
21) 1 22) 1 23) 4 24) 1 25) 3 26) 3 27) 1 28) 4 29) 1 30) 2
31) 4 32) 3 33) 3 34) 2 35) 1 36) 3 37) 1 38) 3 39) 2 40) 2
41) 2 42) 4 43) 1 44) 4 45) 4 46) 3 47) 4 48) 4 49) 3 50) 2
51) 1 52) 3 53) 4 54) 2 55) 1 56) 1 57) 1 58) 4 59) 2 60) 1

NEET PREVIOUS YEARS QUESTIONS-ANSWERS

1) 3 2) 3 3) 1 4) 4 5) 4 6) 2 7) 1 8) 1 9) 4 10) 3
11) 3 12) 1 13) 3 14) 3 15) 3 16) 4 17) 2 18) 3 19) 1 20) 4
21) 1 22) 3

TOPIC WISE PRACTICE QUESTIONS - SOLUTIONS

1. (2) Inertia is resistance to change.
2. (2) A cricketer lower his hands while catching a ball to increase the time so as to decrease the force
exerted by the ball on cricketer's hands. This is not an example of Newton's third law of motion.
3. 3) Mass (m) = 0.3kg
;

4. 3)

Also,

5. 3)Thrust =

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6. 2) Here using

7. 2) Thrust on the satellite, ; Acceleration =

8. 3) The body will continue accelerating until the resultant force acting on the body becomes zero
9. 4) Here m = 0.5kg; u -10m/s; t = 1/50s; v = +15ms-1
Force = m(v-u)/t=0.5(10+15) 50=625N
10. 4)

11. 4)

12. 3) From Newton's second law,

​ When the external force is zero,

or v = constant, this is Newton's first law of motion. That is if the net force
acting on the system of mass is zero. Then, the velocity of the system remains
constant. Let two objects moving with momentum p1​ and p2​ respectively.
Thus, net momentum, p = p1​ +p2​ If the total momentum is constant ,
then

Thus, F1​ +F2​ = 0 or F1​ = −F2​ , this is the third law.

13. 2) m = 10kg, x =

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At the end of 4 seconds, a =

because is equal to the vector sum of
14. 2) Balance each other
mg and N cannot form action - reaction pair as they are acting on same body. They balance each other
to keep the block at rest.
15. 3)

Impulsive force
16. 1) As we know,
17. 3) Change in momentum of the ball
weight of the ball total time of flight

18. 1) Force required =

19. 1) For a given mass If the momentum is constant then its velocity must be constant.
20. 2) Total momentum = Magnitude of total momentum =
This must be equal to the momentum of the third part.
21. 1)

The negative sign indicates that the momenta of the skater and the snowball are in opposite directions
22. 1)

23. 4) Let = velocity when height of free fall is

velocity when height of free rise is
for free fall or For free rise after impact on ground

Initial momentum = mv1

Final momentum = mv2
Change in momentum =
24. 1) As the ball, m = 10 g = 0.01 kg rebounds after striking the wall
Change in momentum = mv – (–mv) = 2 mv
Inpulse = Change in momentum = 2mv

25. 3)
Mass of the rocket = 2 kg. Mv = constant

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26. 3)

27. 1) Force acting on the ballon,

28. 4) Applying law of conservation of momentum

29. 1)

30. 2) Apply Newton’s second law

Therefore: which reduces to

31. 4)
So,
32. 3) The equations of motion are 2mg – T = 2ma
T-mg=ma T= 4ma & a = g/3 so T = 4mg/3
If pulley is accelerated upwards with an accleration a, then tension in string is

33. 3) For the man standing in the left, the acceleration of the ball
Where 'a' is the acceleration of the mass (because the acceleration of the lift is 'a' )
For the man standing on the ground, the acceleration of the ball

34. 2)

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35. 1) For the bag accelerating down

36. 3)

37. 1)

This in the force due to change in momentum at the end of the chain attached at point A.

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Physics BY DR INDERDEEP SINGH UCI JALANDHAR 9780310725

38. 3) See fig. Let F be the force between the blocks and a their common acceleration. Then for 2 kg block,

39. 2) As in fig. the mass of the rope : m

Acceleration : a = 12/6 = 2m/s2

40. 2)
41. 2)

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42. 4)

43. 1)

44. 4)

45. 4) Limiting friction=

The applied force is less than force of friction, therefore the force of friction is equal to the applied force.
46. 3)

47. 4) When the body has maximum speed then

48. 4) Here
Where is angle of repose

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Physics BY DR INDERDEEP SINGH UCI JALANDHAR 9780310725
The given angle of inclination is equal to the angle of repose. So the 1 kg block has no tendency to
move.

49. 3)
50. 2) The magnitude of the frictional force f has to balance the weight 0.98 N acting downwards. Therefore
the frictional force = 0.98 N

51. 1) At limiting equilibrium,

Coefficient of friction

Now,

52. 3) The various forces acting on the body have been shown in the figure. The force on the body down the
inclined plane in presence of friction is

53. 4) The speed at the highest point must be

Now

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54. 2) or
55. 1) Since water does not fall down, therefore the velocity of revolution should be just sufficient to
provide centripetal acceleration at the top of vertical circle. So,

56. 1) Given: Mass(m) = 0.4kg

It frequency (n) = 2rev/sec
Radius (r) = 1.2m. we know that linear velocity of the body (v) =
=
Therefore, tension in the string when the body is at the top of the circle (T)

=
57. 1)

58. 4) The inclination of person from vertical is given by

59. 2) For negotiating a circular curve on a levelled road, the maximum velocity of the car is

60. 1) The velocity at the lowest point is given by v = Further,

NEET PREVIOUS YEARS QUESTIONS-SOLUTIONS

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1. 3) Coefficient of friction or sliding friction has no dimension

2. 3) Let the mass of block is m. It will remains stationary if forces acting on it are in equilibrium. i.e., ma
cos

Here ma = Pseudo force on block, mg = weight.

3. 1)

4. 4) Net force on particle in uniform circular motion is centripetal force which is provided by

tension in string so the net force will be equal to tension i.e., T.

5. 4) To complete the loop a body must enter a vertical loop of radius R with the minimum velocity

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6. 2) For the motion of both the blocks

7. 1) Acceleration of system

The contact force between A and B

8. 1)

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Physics BY DR INDERDEEP SINGH UCI JALANDHAR 9780310725
9. 4) According to question, two stones experience same centripetal force

10. Acceleration

11. 3) Change in momentum,

12. 1) Let upthrust of air be Fa then

For downward motion of balloon
Fa = mg – ma
mg – Fa = ma
For upward motion
Fa – (m – m)g = (m – m)a
Therefore m = 2ma/g+a
13. 3)

14. 3)

15. 3) v2 = u2-2as

16. 4) As the elevator is moving at uniform speed, so it's acceleration is zero, so, no pseudo force. Thus it can not
affect the motion of the coin. Thus in both cases, the coin takes the same time. i.e, t1​ = t2​
17. 2)

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18. 3)

19. 1)

20. 4)

21. 1)Given that :

Mass of ball = 0.15 kg
Height from which ball is dropped = 10 m
Impulse, = Change in linear momentum =
Velocity of ball at ground (v )

magnitude of impulse = 4.2 kg m/s

22.

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