(S SENATI SELF-STUDY EXERCISES

UNIT COURS ISSUE

LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION P
E:
01 Development of study habits 72
02 The text and its structure 75
03 Punctuation marks 80
04 Global analysis of the text 82
GENERAL STUDIES
CYCLE
 6 SENATI
SELF-STUDY EXERCISES
UNIT: 01
STUDY CYCLE COURSE: LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION
GENERAL
ISSUE: DEVELOPMENT OF STUDY HABITS
SURVEY ON STUDY HABITS

INSTRUCTIONS : Reflect, before answering, regarding the questions posed.

Once you have chosen the answer (YES or NO) that you consider necessary, mark with a
cross in the corresponding box:

Do you always study in the same place?

Do you study in a place with enough light? BUT
Is there noise when you study?
1
Do you always study at the same time?
2
Do you divide your time between several subjects?
3
You study every day?
4
Do you pay attention to what the teacher says?
5
Do you take notes in class?
6
Do you ask when you don't understand?
7
Do you read the lessons carefully?
8
Do you underline the texts that seem important to you?
9
Do you check the meaning of words you don't know
10 with the dictionary?
11 Do you make written comments in the margins of the
texts you read?
12 Do you research to expand your knowledge?
Do you review what you studied?
13
Do you relate knowledge with another already
14 acquired?
15 Do you ask for help in difficulties?
16 Do you use your notes?
17 Do you learn quickly?
18 Study a lot?
19 Do you outline what you have learned?
20 Do you make summaries of your lessons?
21 Do you use a lot of words when making your
22 summaries?
23 Do you check the spelling of what you write?
24
After completing the test, visit the following
pages. Then do an analysis of your habits to change, improve and acquire.
https://www.goconqr.com/es/examtime/blog/habitos-de-estudio/
https://youtu.be/qW3cVVrwB_k
 STUDY HABITS ANSWER SHEET

1. Do you think the place where you study is the right one? Because?

2. Do you have a study schedule? Because?

3. What study techniques do you use? Because?

4. Regarding question 9, when do you ask or why don't you ask?

5. Is consulting the dictionary easy or difficult for you? Because?

6. Do you think prior knowledge is useful? Explain.

7. Make a brief comment on the thought: “An organized effort is worth more
than a thousand dispersed efforts.”

8. Of the 24 questions, which ones suggest an organized effort?

 THE SUMMARY SHEET OR WORK SHEET

In the self-study system it is vital that you use summary sheets. These sheets help you
organize your learning, have the information at hand when you need it and, above all,
prevent you from constantly resorting to the original study material (books, guides, offprints).

The format in which a card is worked is normally on 20 cm x 12.5 cm cardboard (the largest
size). But you can generate your own cards using recycled notebook sheets, used cardboard
on one side, etc.

For a better job, we suggest you check the following links:

https://es.wikihow.com/make-una-ficha-de-sumen
https://youtu.be/Nd1HmbJb9c0
6 SENATI
SELF-STUDY EXERCISES
UNIT: 02
CYCLE COURSE: LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION
GENERAL
STUDIES ISSUE: THE TEXT AND ITS STRUCTURE

TEXT STRUCTURE

All text is made up of segments that fulfill a certain function. In the theory manual you can
find the information you require to understand this topic.
In the following links you will find additional information that will help you with your work.
https://www.unprofesor.com/lengua-espanola/estructura-de-un-texto-1703.html
The following link corresponds to a PREZI material prepared by a group of young people.
Watch it:
https://prezi.com/-ldxqez9bsbh/elementos-y-estructura-del-texto/

GRAMMATICAL CATEGORIES
Every word fulfills a function within the speech or text. That is why words are classified,
according to their function, into grammatical categories.
Observe the following PREZI and perform the exercises below.
https://prezi.com/anasarl2uzqs/las-nueve-categorias-gramaticales/

In the following link, as a game, you have exercises that will help you understand the function
of grammatical categories in a more playful way.
https://aprenderespanol.org/gramatica/categorias-gramaticales.html
EXERCISE 1 . With the help of a yellow marker, highlight the nouns you find in the following
text. Then make a table classifying the nouns found.
Benjamin Franklin (Boston, 1706 – Philadelphia, 1790) was the scientist
American protagonist of the famous comet experiment, which took place in France in 1752.
To make it, Franklin got a kite equipped with a metal wire attached to a silk thread. At the end
of the thread, he hung a metal key. In the middle of a storm, Franklin went out to fly the kite.
He put his hand to the key and a spark jumped out. With this he was demonstrating the
presence of electricity with the fortune, furthermore, of not suffering damage despite the
danger to which he was exposed and which cost the lives of other scientists in subsequent
attempts to carry out the same experiment.
The practical application of this experiment was the invention of the lightning rod. To do this,
he combined the result of the comet experiment with another, in which he discovered that
when metal conductors end in a point, a lot of charge accumulates in them. Thus, with their
pointed and protruding shape, lightning rods attract the discharge caused by lightning before
it hits a building, neutralizing it until it is discharged into the ground.
CLASSIFICATION TABLE. Make a chart like this in your notebook. Place all the nouns you
have found and write what class they belong to.

NOUN CLASS NOUN CLASS

EXERCISE 2 . In the following text, underline the verbs with the help of a marker. Then, in
your notebook, make a table like the previous one with the classification of the verbs.
Hydroelectric power owes its further development to the British civil engineer John Smeaton,
who first built large cast iron water wheels. Hydroelectricity was very important during the
Industrial Revolution; boosted the textile and leather industries and machine-building
workshops in the early 19th century. Although steam engines were already perfected, coal
was scarce and wood unsatisfactory as fuel.

EXERCISE 3 . In the following text, underline the adjectives and classify them. Then make a
table with the classification of the adjectives found.
A screw is called a cylindrical mechanical element or operator with a head, generally metallic,
although they can be made of plastic, used in the temporary fixation of some pieces with
others, which is equipped with a threaded shaft with a triangular thread, which, through a
force of torque exerted on its head with a suitable wrench or a screwdriver, it can be inserted
into a threaded hole to suit it or go through the pieces and attach to a nut.
The screw derives directly from the simple machine known as an inclined plane and always
works associated with a threaded hole. The screws allow the pieces held with them to be
disassembled when the occasion requires it.

EXERCISE 4. In the following text, underline the adverbs in green, the prepositions in red,
and the conjunctions in yellow.
Ancient people already took advantage of water energy by using water wheels to grind
wheat. However, the possibility of using slaves and pack animals delayed its widespread
application until the 12th century. During the Middle Ages, huge wooden waterwheels
developed a maximum power of fifty horsepower.
Hydroelectric power owes its further development to the British civil engineer John Smeaton,
who first built large cast iron water wheels. Hydroelectricity was very important during the
Industrial Revolution; boosted the textile and leather industries and machine-building
workshops in the early 19th century. Although steam engines were already perfected, coal
was scarce and wood unsatisfactory as fuel.
 MAIN IDEAS VS SECONDARY IDEAS

Read your manual with the information given to you about main ideas and supporting ideas.
Check out the following links to expand your knowledge.

https://prezi.com/3yr-iaev1sxq/identifica-las-ideas-principales-y-secundarias-de-los-textos/
https://youtu.be/4undy-USybU

After reviewing previous links, organize the ideas you have captured, both here and in your
manual, and create a comparative table between the main ideas and the secondary ideas.

CHARACTERISTICS MAIN IDEA SECONDARY IDEA

Continue with the box in your text…

THE INFERENCES

EXERCISE 1. Based on the information given to you, answer the questions asked of each
short text.

We all went to visit the museum together: my uncle Pepe, his wife Marissa and their children,
Marcos and Juan; also grandfather Enrique, aunt Felisa, my parents and my brothers,
Antonio and Estela.
What are my cousins' names?

How many people in the family went to the museum?

I practice swimming all year round, except in the winter months when it is very cold, July and
August.
How many months a year do I practice swimming?

They have just built the Ivory Tower, it is higher than the Ebony Tower, but it is not higher
than the Emerald Tower.
Which tower is taller?

Which tower is shorter?

Company A made 120 million in profits this year, but Company B made double that thanks to
the work of its Marketing team.
How much money did Company B make in profit?

Today I work more hours than the rest of the days of the week, I start at 8:00 am, I have a 1
hour break at 12 and I leave at 6:00 pm, but don't worry, it's at 7:30 pm I'm already home.
How many hours do I work today?

What time do I return from break?

The Marketing Manager read the report to all the Managers, the Sales Manager said that the
Infrastructure Manager had presented a project which was approved by the General
Manager and the Human Resources Manager.
Who wrote the
report?____________________________________________________
THE THEME AND THE SUBTHEME
Read the following texts and determine the theme and subtheme of each one.
TEXT I
Classified as a “super-Earth” by NASA specialists, the planet KOI 172.02 could be one of the
celestial bodies most similar to Earth.
According to Space.com, KOI 172.02 is 1.5 times larger than Earth and is located, with
respect to the star around which it orbits, at a distance equivalent to three quarters of the
distance between our planet. of the sun. It takes a total of 242 Earth days to complete its
orbit.
According to observations, this planet within the Milky Way could have water on its surface.
The planet was found by the Kepler space telescope, which orbits the sun looking for stars
and planets similar to our own.
ISSUE:
SUBTOPIC:

TEXT II
Can eating a sweet make us lose weight? Yes, although it all depends on the time we
consume it, according to a study carried out by Tel Aviv University in Israel. The report
highlights that a sweet in the morning reduces the levels of ghrelin, the so-called “hunger
hormone.”
According to the Daily Mail, reduced levels of ghrelin make people no longer want to eat
high-calorie foods, reducing cravings and thus causing a decrease in body weight.
The study analyzed 386 women and men, all with obesity. They were divided into two
groups, both were given a balanced diet, but one of them was included a dessert for
breakfast. The results indicated that the anxiety to eat more calories decreased considerably.
ISSUE:

SUBTOPIC:

TEXT III
Almost half of the food produced globally is thrown away before reaching consumers'
mouths, according to a study carried out by the Institute of Mechanical Engineering (IME) in
the United Kingdom. Currently 4 billion tons of food products are produced in the world. Of
that amount, between 30% and 50% is lost due to different causes, which involve all actors in
the production chain: producers, sellers and final consumers. “It is an inconceivable expense.
That amount of discarded food could be used to feed the entire planet, including those who
currently suffer from hunger,” explained Tim Fox, energy and environment delegate at IME.
Producers influence this phenomenon due to agricultural practices that generate too many
losses (ineffective storage and infrastructure). For their part, merchants encourage spending
on food through marketing techniques, such as the famous “get two for the price of one.”
Buyers are not exempt from responsibility either: they have adopted consumption patterns
that privilege perfection, which leads to unnecessary modifications of the food.
Another important fact is that the loss is different between developed and developing
countries. In the first (United States and those of

the European Union) the loss predominates in the final consumer, while in the latter (Asia,
Africa and Latin America) it occurs at the beginning of the production process, mainly due to
the lack of efficient transportation and storage techniques.
 ISSUE:

SUBTOPIC:

6 SENATI SELF-STUDY EXERCISES

UNIT: 03
CYCLE COURSE: LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION
GENERAL
STUDIES ISSUE: PUNCTUATION MARKS
 PUNCTUATION MARKS
After reading your manual, check your learning by clicking on the following links where you
will find a range of exercises that will help you improve your writing.
https://aprenderespanol.org/gramatica/ortografia-signos-puntuacion.html
https://campusvirtual.ull.es/ocw/pluginfile.php/5723/mod_resource/content/0/pu
ntuacion/ejercicios_generales.html
EXERCISES
EXERCISE 1. Mark the correct alternative regarding the appropriate use of punctuation
marks.
1. Point out the statement that reflects an incorrect use of the colon:
A. She told me: "I don't want to see you anymore."
B. There is still one question to clarify: when are you going to pay me?
C. The work was carried out by: Marta, Virginia and Milagros.
D. He barely has any gas: he won't be able to go very far with that car.

2. Point out the well-punctuated statement:

A. In the town of Llíria, (Valencia) a gastronomic festival is held every year.
B. David, have you already signed the contract?
C. This year's team, in which they have invested a million, is not giving the expected
performance.
D. Do you remember me, Ophelia?

3. The statement “I haven't felt like going out or reading or anything for a day now”:
A. It is poorly punctuated because the members coordinated by the copulative conjunction ni
must always be separated with commas.
B. It is well punctuated because the members coordinated by the copulative conjunction nor
must never be separated with commas.
C. The comma is optional.
D. None of the above answers are correct.

4. Which statement is incorrectly punctuated?:

A. He has failed seven or eight; He is very studious".
B. Someone wise said: "It is not enough to realize it, you have to know how to act."
C. I don't know what exactly sinuous means.
D. We could replace "Whoever loves you well will make you cry" with "Whoever loves you
well will make you laugh", don't you think?

5. Point out the well-punctuated statement:

A. He didn't bring anything he had said: except the drink.
B. It was not David but Juan Carlos who came.
C. What can I do but support the strike?
D. He studied the chapter first and went for a walk.
6. The statement The students will be at the demonstration, because there is class today and
the classrooms are empty:
A. It is badly punctuated: the comma is unnecessary.
B. It is poorly punctuated: the comma must be replaced by the colon.
C. It is well punctuated because it is a causal sentence of the statement.
D. It is well punctuated because it is a causal sentence of the utterance.

7. Which sentence is correctly punctuated?:

A. Students who do not come to class will have to bring a justification.
B. I read Posteguillo's book, because I really like historical novels.
C. I read Posteguillo's book because I really like historical novels.
D. Just because you have passed the exam does not mean that you will pass the subject.

8. The statement Mila wrote the prologue; James, the first chapter, and David, the rest:
A. It is poorly rated.
B. It is well punctuated, except for the comma in front of and.
C. It is well punctuated, although it is also admissible Mila wrote the prologue, Santiago the
first chapter and David the rest.
D. None of the above is correct.

9. Point out the well-punctuated statement:

A. My friends and I see each other every month at Café Rodrigo.
B. Mara is the only one who always reads all the books.
C. Although each of us lives in a different city, we try to see each other once a year.
D. But since when didn't you come here?

10. The statement Two times four, eight:

A. It is well rated.
B. It is poorly punctuated, since we must replace the comma with a colon.
C. It would be more correct if we put the = sign.
D. It is poorly rated, but for reasons other than those stated.
EXERCISE 2. The following text makes no sense, since the punctuation marks have been
removed. Write it again, placing the missing punctuation, question and exclamation marks
correctly.
The prevention of Occupational Risks, a concept that we have been hearing too often lately,
is decidedly ready to become fashionable and that in practice turns out to be a task that is
carried out by legal imposition and that few professionals in this country carry out prevention
with the professionalism that is deserved why, firstly, because businessmen are beginning to
know their legal responsibilities in the civil, criminal and administrative spheres, which
provokes an urgent and excessive interest in getting rid of this legal burden that prevention
entails, and secondly, the pressure of the social elements that constitute the company and
that exert a slight moral and social pressure on the businessman that encourages him to act
in order to eliminate certain risks or at least state that he knows them, what does all this
mean since prevention in this country is understood by the majority of its executors as a legal
obligation and the only thing that is intended is to comply with what the law requires. At this
point, all the work has been done, although in the best of cases some professionals in order
to improve their curriculum They strive to reduce accident and severity rates in their
companies.
S SENATI SELF-STUDY EXERCISES
UNIT: 04
CYCLE COURSE: LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION
GENERAL
STUDIES ISSUE: GLOBAL ANALYSIS OF THE TEXT

THE MACROSTRUCTURE
Visit the following link and see step by step how to analyze the macrostructure of a text.
http://lenguajesenatieegg.blogspot.pe/p/manuales.html
GLOBAL ANALYSIS OF THE TEXT
Read the following text and analyze its macrostructure.
TEXT
Mechanical engineering is a branch of engineering that applies the exact sciences,
specifically the physical principles thermodynamics, mechanics, materials science, fluid
mechanics and structural analysis for the design and analysis of various elements used
today, such as machinery. for various purposes (thermal, hydraulic, transportation,
manufacturing), as well as ventilation systems, motorized land, air and maritime vehicles,
among other applications.
Applications of this engineering are found in the archives of many ancient societies around
the world. In ancient Greece, the works of Archimedes (287 BC) C.-212 BC C.) have
profoundly influenced Western mechanics and Heron of Alexandria (c. 10-70 d. C.), created
the first steam engine. In China, Zhang Heng (78-139 AD. C.) improved a water clock and
invented a seismometer, and Ma Jun (200-265 AD. C.) invented a car with a gear differential.
The Chinese engineer Su Song (1020-1101 AD. C.) incorporated an escapement mechanism
in its astronomical clock tower two centuries before any escapement could be found in the
clocks of medieval Europe, as well as the first transmission chain.
During the 8th to 15th centuries, in the era called the Islamic Golden Age, notable
contributions were made by Muslims in the field of mechanical technology. Al Jaziri, who was
one of them, wrote his famous "Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices" in
1206, in which he presented many mechanical designs. He is also considered the inventor of
such mechanical devices that now form the basis of mechanisms, such as camshafts and
crankshaft.
An important milestone in the creation of mechanical engineering occurred in England during
the 17th century when Sir Isaac Newton formulated Newton's three Laws and developed
calculus. Newton was reluctant to publish his methods and laws for years, but was eventually
persuaded to do so by his colleagues, such as Sir Edmund Halley, for the benefit of all
humanity.

SEGMENTS IDEA SUBTOPIC CAPTION

SECONDARY

First paragraph

Second paragraph

Third Paragraph

Fourth paragraph

IDEA
MAJOR

ISSUE

QUALIFICATION