Essential Junior Secondary Bridging Materials (Bilingual version) (Phase I)

3 Percentage 百分數
Important Terms 重要詞彙
Decimal 小數 Fraction in its simplest 最簡分數
Decimal point 小數點 form
Denominator 分母 In ascending order 由小至大
Equivalent 相等的 In descending order 由大至小
Fraction 分數 Percentage 百分數

3.1 Percentages 百分數

A percentage is a fraction with a denominator of 100. It is denoted using the percentage sign ‘%’.
21
For example, 21% and represent the same value, both meaning 21 out of 100. 21% is read as
100
21 per cent.
21
百分數 是一個 分母 是 100 的 分數。百分數會利用百分號「%」表示。例如，21% 和 均
100
表達相同數值，兩者皆表示 100 份中佔 21 份。21% 讀作百分之廿一。

Note
100
100% = =1
100

Class Practice 3.1

Fill in the blanks. 把答案填在橫線上。
1. 89 out of 100 = ________ %
100 份中佔 89 份 = ________ %
2. Forty-six per cent = ________ %
百分之四十六 = ________ %
3. Twelve point twelve per cent = ________ %
百分之十二點一二 = ________ %
57
4. = ________ %
100
8
5. = ________ %
100

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 Essential Junior Secondary Bridging Materials (Bilingual version) (Phase I)

Exercise 3.1
What percentage of each of the following figures is shaded?
下列各圖中，陰影部分佔全部的百分數是多少？
1. 2.

________ % ________ %

3. 4.

________ % ________ %

5. 6.

________ % ________ %

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Essential Junior Secondary Bridging Materials (Bilingual version) (Phase I)

3.2 Percentages, Fractions and Decimals

百分數、分數和小數
Though percentages, fractions and decimals look different, they are interchangeable.
雖然百分數、分數和 小數 貌似不同，它們其實可以互相轉化。

3.2.1 Writing a Fraction as a Percentage 分數化百分數

To write a fraction as a percentage, we multiply the fraction by 100% and then simplify it.
為了把分數寫成百分數，我們先把分數乘以 100%，然後化簡。

Example Write the following fractions as percentages.

把下列各分數寫成百分數。
2 1
(a) (b) 2
5 4
2 2 20
Solution (a) =  100% = 40%
5 51
1 1 9 25
(b) 2 = 2  100% =  100% = 225%
4 4 41

Class Practice 3.2A

Circle the correct answers. 圈出正確答案。
300
1. =?
1000
A. 300% B. 30% C. 3% D. 3.3%

3
2. =?
4
A. 3% B. 25% C. 4% D. 75%

3. 5=?
A. 50% B. 5% C. 500% D. 5000%

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 Essential Junior Secondary Bridging Materials (Bilingual version) (Phase I)

3.2.2 Writing a Percentage as a Fraction 百分數化分數

To write a percentage as a fraction, we express the percentage as a fraction of 100 and then simplify
it. The resulting fraction should be in its simplest form.
為了把百分數寫成分數，我們先把百分數寫成分母為 100 的分數，然後約簡。所得分數必須
是 最簡分數。

Example Write the following percentages as fractions in their simplest form.

把下列各百分數寫成最簡分數。
(a) 15% (b) 166%

15 3 3
Solution (a) 15% = =
10020 20

166 83 33
(b) 166% = =1
10050 50

Class Practice 3.2B

Circle the correct answers. 圈出正確答案。
1. 3% = ?
3 3 3 3
A. B. C. D.
10 1000 100 1

2. 350% = ?
7 7 7
A. 35 B. C. D.
2 20 200

3. 5.8% = ?
29 29 58 58
A. B. C. D.
50 500 10 100

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Essential Junior Secondary Bridging Materials (Bilingual version) (Phase I)

3.2.3 Writing a Decimal as a Percentage 小數化百分數

To write a decimal as a percentage, we move the decimal point two places to the right and then add
the % sign. Add or discard ‘0’s if necessary.
為了把小數寫成百分數，我們先把 小數點 向右移兩個位，然後加上記號「%」。如有需要，
可插入或移除「0」。

Example Write the following decimals as percentages. 把下列各小數寫成百分數。

(a) 0.03 (b) 1.7
Solution (a) 0.03 = 0.03 = 3%

(b) 1.7 = 1.70 = 170%

Class Practice 3.2C

Circle the correct answers. 圈出正確答案。
1. 0.95 = ?
A. 95% B. 9.5% C. 950% D. 0.95%
2. 4.017 = ?
A. 40.17% B. 4.017% C. 401.7% D. 4017%

3.2.4 Writing a Percentage as a Decimal 百分數化小數

To write a percentage as a decimal, we remove the % sign and then move the decimal point two
places to the left. Add or discard ‘0’s if necessary.
為了把百分數寫成小數，我們先移除記號「%」
，然後把小數點向左移兩個位。如有需要，可
插入或移除「0」
。

Example Write the following percentages as decimals. 把下列各百分數寫成小數。

(a) 280% (b) 5%
Solution (a) 280% = 280% = 2.8

(b) 5% = 005% = 0.05

Class Practice 3.2D

Circle the correct answers. 圈出正確答案。
1. 49% = ?
A. 4900 B. 0.49 C. 49 D. 4.9
2. 30.5% = ?
A. 0.305 B. 3050 C. 3.05 D. 305

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 Essential Junior Secondary Bridging Materials (Bilingual version) (Phase I)

3.2.5 Comparing Percentages, Fractions and Decimals

比較百分數、分數和小數的大小
By converting percentages, fractions and decimals into the same form, we can compare the values
of percentages, fractions and decimals easily.
把百分數、分數和小數寫成同一類別的數字後，我們可以容易比較百分數、分數和小數的
值。
6
Example (a) Arrange the numbers , 650% and 0.65 in ascending order by expressing all
5
the numbers in decimals.
6
透過把所有數字寫成小數，把數字 、650% 和 0.65 由小至大 排列。
5
9 3
(b) Arrange the numbers , and 34% in descending order by expressing all the
25 8
numbers in percentages.
9 3
透過把所有數字寫成百分數，把數字 、 和 34% 由大至小 排列。
25 8
6
Solution (a) = 6 ÷ 5 = 1.2
5
650% = 6.5
6
∴ 0.65 < < 650%
5
9 9
(b) =  100% = 36%
25 25
3 3
=  100% = 37.5%
8 8
3 9
∴ > > 34%
8 25

Class Practice 3.2E

Put a tick ‘✓’ in the box if the statement is true or a cross ‘✗’ if the statement is false. (1 – 4)

若句子正確，在空格中填入「✓」；否則填入「✗」。

13
1. 2 > 250% 2. 0.31 > 33%
20
23
3. 0.9% < 0.9 4. % = 92
25
2 3
5. Arrange the numbers 42%, and in descending order.
5 7
2 3
把數字 42%、 和 由大至小排列。
5 7
__________________________________________________

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Essential Junior Secondary Bridging Materials (Bilingual version) (Phase I)

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 Essential Junior Secondary Bridging Materials (Bilingual version) (Phase I)

Exercise 3.2
Write the following fractions as percentages. (1 – 4)
把下列各分數寫成百分數。
18 175
1. = ____________ 2. = ____________
25 500
3 7
3. 2 = ____________ 4. 4 = ____________
40 12

Write the following percentages as fractions in their simplest form. (5 – 8)

把下列各百分數寫成最簡分數。
5. 55% = ____________ 6. 148% = ____________
3
7. 2.7% = ____________ 8. 3 % = ____________
4

Write the following numbers as percentages. (9 – 12)

把下列各數寫成百分數。
9. 0.16 = ____________ 10. 8.37 = ____________
11. 0.052 = ____________ 12. 60 = ____________

Write the following percentages as decimals or integers. (13 – 16)

把下列各百分數寫成小數或整數。
13. 8% = ____________ 14. 0.1% = ____________
2
15. 200% = ____________ 16. 6 % = ____________
5

In each of the following, arrange the numbers in ascending order. (17 – 19)
下列各題中，把數字由小至大排列。
4
17. , 47%, 4.7 ____________________
7
2
18. 9.2%, 9.2, 9 ____________________
9
1
19. 1 , 1.14, 11.4% ____________________
14

6 21
20. Peter, Paul and Mary took 22.25%, and of a bag of sweets respectively. Who took the
25 100
least number of sweets?
6 21
中信、浩然和杏兒分別在一袋糖果中拿去 22.25%、 和 。誰拿去最少糖果？
25 100
Answer: ____________ took the least number of sweets.
答案﹕ ____________ 拿去最少糖果。

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Essential Junior Secondary Bridging Materials (Bilingual version) (Phase I)

3.3 Basic Operations on Percentages 百分數的四則運算

3.3.1 Addition and Subtraction of Percentages
百分數的加法和減法
Percentages can be added and subtracted directly.
百分數可直接進行加法和減法。

Example Evaluate the following. 計算下列各題。

(a) 36% + 22% (b) 1 – 67%
Solution (a) 36% + 22% = (36 + 22)% = 58%
(b) 1 – 67% = 100% – 67% = (100 – 67)% = 33%

Class Practice 3.3A

Evaluate the following. 計算下列各題。
1. 24% + 51% = __________ 2. 95% – 18% = __________
3. 1 + 40% = __________ 4. 1 – 73% = __________

3.3.2 Multiplication and Division of Percentages

百分數的乘法和除法
To perform multiplication or division of percentages, we express the percentages as fractions of 100
and then simplify them.
為了進行百分數的乘法和除法，我們把百分數寫成分母為 100 的分數，然後化簡。

Example Evaluate the following. 計算下列各題。

(a) 30%  20% (b) 60% ÷ 10%

30 20 3
Solution (a) 30%  20% =  =
100 100 50

60 100
(b) 60% ÷ 10% =  =6
100 10

Class Practice 3.3B

Evaluate the following. 計算下列各題。
1. 25  80% = __________ 2. 50 ÷ 15% = __________
3. 35%  60% = __________ 4. 70% ÷ 4% = __________

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 Essential Junior Secondary Bridging Materials (Bilingual version) (Phase I)

Exercise 3.3
Evaluate the following. 計算下列各題。
1. 88% + 12% = __________ 2. 69% – 49% = __________
3. 75%  30% = __________ 4. 35% ÷ 70% = __________
5. 2 – (97% + 56%) = __________ 6. 40%  40% – 3% = __________
7. 15  (1 – 70%) = __________ 8. 21 ÷ (1 + 5%) = __________

3.4 Simple Problems on Percentages

百分數的簡易應用題

3.4.1 Finding the Percentage of a Part 求部分佔全部的百分之幾

We can express a part of the whole in percentage.

我們可用百分數表示部分佔全部的多少。
Note
part
Percentage = × 100%
whole
部分
百分數 = × 100%
全部

When we need to solve questions like ‘what percentage of 60 is 15?’, we have to determine which
number is the part and which number is the whole. In this case, 15 is the part while 60 is the whole.
15
Therefore, the required percentage is  100% = 25%.
60
當我們解「15 是 60 的百分之幾」之類的問題時，我們須判斷哪個數字是部分和哪個數字是
15
全部。在這例子中，15 是部分，而 60 是全部。因此，所求的百分數是  100% = 25%。
60

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Essential Junior Secondary Bridging Materials (Bilingual version) (Phase I)

Example (a) There are 30 pupils in Class 6A. 18 of them wear glasses. What percentage of
Class 6A pupils wear glasses?
A 班有 30 位學生，其中 18 位戴眼鏡。6A 班中戴眼鏡學生所佔的百分數是
多少？
(b) There were 6 rainy days in April. What percentage of April were not rainy?
四月中有 6 天下雨。四月中沒有下雨的日子所佔的百分數是多少？
Solution (a) Percentage of Class 6A pupils who wear glasses
6A 班中戴眼鏡學生所佔的百分數
18
=  100%
30
= 60%
(b) Percentage of April that were not rainy
四月中沒有下雨的日子所佔的百分數
30  6
=  100%
30
= 80%

Class Practice 3.4A

Fill in the blanks. 把答案填在橫線上。(1 – 2)
1. Among all 80 members of the Reading Club, 55 are girls. __________ % of the members of the
Reading Club are boys.
閱讀學會的所有 80 名會員中，55 名是女孩。閱讀學會的 __________ % 的會員是男孩。

2. A bag of chips weighs 170 g. 34 g of its weight is fat.

__________ % of the weight of the bag of chips is fat.
一包薯片重 170 g，其中脂肪佔 34 g。該包薯片的重量的
_________ % 是脂肪。

3. 250 people attended a driving test yesterday. 40 people passed the test.
250 人參加昨日的駕駛測試，其中 40 人及格。
(a) What percentage of people passed the (b) What percentage of people failed the test?
test? 測試中不及格人數的百分數是多少？
測試中及格人數的百分數是多少？

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 Essential Junior Secondary Bridging Materials (Bilingual version) (Phase I)

3.4.2 Finding a Part from the Percentage 根據百分數求部分的數值

When the percentage of a part to the whole and the value of the whole are given, we can find the
value of the part.
當已知部分佔全部的百分數和全部的數值，我們可求得部分的數值。
Note

Part = whole  percentage of the part to the whole

部分 = 全部  部分佔全部的百分數

When we need to solve questions like ‘find the value of 45% of 20’, we simply multiply 20 by 45%.
Therefore, the required part is 20  45% = 9.
當我們解「求 20 的 45% 的數值」之類的問題時，我們只須把 20 乘以 45%。因此，所求的部
分是 20  45% = 9。

Example (a) There are 180 melons in a supermarket. 5% of the melons have gone bad. How
many melons in the supermarket have gone bad?
某超級市場有 180 個蜜瓜，其中的 5% 變壞了。該超級市場有多少個蜜瓜
變壞了？
(b) John originally had $60. He spent 40% of his money to buy toys. How much
does he have now?
永成原本有 $60。他用了其中的 40% 買玩具。他現在還有多少錢？
Solution (a) Number of melons that have gone bad
變壞了的蜜瓜數目
= 180  5%
=9
(b) Amount he has
他現在有的金錢
= 60  (1 – 40%)
= $36

Class Practice 3.4B

Fill in the blanks. 把答案填在橫線上。(1 – 2)
1. There were 40 kg of grapes in a fruit shop. 15% of the grapes were sold in the morning and
20% were sold in the afternoon. __________ kg of grapes were sold altogether.
某生果店有提子 40 kg，其中有 15% 在上午賣出，有 20% 在下午賣出。共賣出提子
__________ kg。

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Essential Junior Secondary Bridging Materials (Bilingual version) (Phase I)

2. There was 500 L of water in a pool. 42% of water was discharged. There is __________ L of
water left in the pool.
某水池中有水 500 升，其中的 42% 給排走。該水池還餘下水 __________ 升。

3. Mike was given $700 as pocket money last month. Mike spent some money and saved the
remainder (which was 30% of his pocket money) in the bank.
偉強上月有零用錢 $700。他用了其中一部分，並把餘下的部分（佔全部的 30%）存入銀
行。
(a) How much did Mike spend last month? (b) 25% of the money Mike spent last month
偉強上月用了多少錢？ was used to buy a book. How much did
the book cost?
偉強上月所花的金錢中，有 25% 用於購
買一本書。該本書的價錢是多少？

Exercise 3.4
Fill in the blanks. 把答案填在橫線上。(1 – 3)
1. Among all 500 pupils in a school, 5% went for a picnic on a holiday. __________ % of the
pupils did not go for a picnic on the holiday.
某學校所有 500 名學生中，5% 在某假日到郊外旅行。在該假日中有 __________ % 的
學生沒有到郊外旅行。

2. 900 people took part in a charity walk. 594 of them finished the walk within three hours.
__________ % of the people finished the walk within three hours.
900 人參加一個慈善步行籌款。當中 594 人在三小時內完成步行。全部參加者的
__________ % 在三小時內完成步行。

3. Amy scored 39 out of 50 for her English test and 46 out of 60 for her Mathematics test. She
performed better in the __________ test.
美玲在總分為 50 分的英文測驗中取得 39 分，並且在總分為 60 分的數學測驗中取得
46 分。她在 __________ 測驗中表現較佳。

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 Essential Junior Secondary Bridging Materials (Bilingual version) (Phase I)

4. Pupils of the ABC Primary School went to Cheung Chau for a study trip last Sunday. They had
to meet at an MTR station at 9:00 that morning.
ABC 小學的學生在上星期日到長洲實地考察。他們須在該天上午九時在某港鐵站集合。

(a) 87% of the pupils arrived on time. Write the percentage as a decimal. ____________
87% 的學生準時出席。把該百分數寫成小數。
1
(b) of the pupils were ill and did not come. What percentage of the
20
pupils were ill? ____________
1
的學生因為病了不能出席。生病的學生所佔的百分數是多少？
20
(c) What percentage of the pupils were late? 遲到的學生所佔的百分數是多少？

5. There are 50 tables in a restaurant. 96% of the tables are occupied. How many tables are
available?
某餐廳有 50 張桌子。96% 的桌子有人坐著。有多少張桌子是空的？

6. In a library, there are 341 Chinese books and 279 English books. What percentage of the books
in the library are English books?
某圖書館有 341 本中文書和 279 本英文書。該圖書館的圖書有百分之幾是英文書？

31