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Incidence of Canine Hip Dysplasia

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14 views2 pages

Incidence of Canine Hip Dysplasia

Uploaded by

Devojit Das
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Veterinary World Vol.

3(5):219-220 RESEARCH

Incidence of Canine Hip Dysplasia : A Survey of 272 Cases


Shiju Simon, M., R. Ganesh, S. Ayyappan, G. D. Rao*, R. Suresh Kumar,
M. Manonmani and B. C. Das

Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology,


Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai -7.
* Corresponding author

Abstract
A total of 272 cases of hip dysplasia were reviewed. A review of clinical cases presented with the
clinical signs of hip dysplasia were referred to Radiology Unit of Madras Veterinary College, from
May 2007-April 2009 was taken for this study.The incidence was highest in young animals of age
group over three months to one year (52.94 percent). The breed-wise incidence was more common
in Labrador Retriever (36.76 percent). Male dogs were found to be more affected (59.55 percent)
than female dogs. Bilateral hip dysplasia was found to be more (88.60 percent) than unilateral.
Among the unilateral hip dysplasia, left side was found to be more (54.83 percent) than right.
Keywords: Hip Dysplasia, Nutrition Imbalance, Canine, Radiology.

Introduction Results and Discussion


Hip dysplasia is one of the most common A total of 272 cases of hip dysplasia were
orthopaedic diseases in dogs, which leads to chronic recorded during the period of this study. The breed-
pain and functional impairment (Remedios and Lfries, wise incidence of the hip dysplasia was more common
1995). It is considered as an inherited, developmental in Labrador Retriever (36.76 percent) followed by
disease with a polygenic mode of inheritance, which Alsatian (25.60 percent), Great Dane (9.19 percent),
affects the coxofemoral joint of larger and rapidly spitz (6.61 percent), Golden Retriever (4.77 percent),
growing breeds (over 12kgs). The factors influences to Rott welier (4.41 percent), Doberman Pinscher (2.94
develop this condition are complex genetic (25% to percent), non-descript dogs (2.20 percent), St.
85%), environmental, nutritional status, rapid growth, Bernards and Lapsopso (1.83 percent each),
dietary anion gap and inutero endocrine (Hedhammer Neopolitian Mastiff (1.47 percent), Dachshund (1.10
et al., 1979). Hip joint laxity is considered as a major percent) and others (1 percent). Among the breeds,
risk factor leading to abnormal weight bearing forces Labrador Retriever had highest incidence. This might
and subsequent development of osteoarthrosis be due to heavy body weight and size of the breed or
(Remedios and Lfries, 1995). Radiographic decreased sizes of total pelvic musculature (pectineus
assessment is the superior technique for diagnosing muscle) surrounding and acting on the hip joint. In
the canine hip dysplasia (Kealy, 1987). This dysplastic dogs the pectineus muscle causes tension
retrospective study was undertaken to analyse the in a direction and the force tends to pull the head of the
incidence of hip dysplasia in dogs. femur away from the acetabulum. Tight muscle
creates more looseness in the joint. This was in
Materials and Methods accordance with the findings of Priester and Mulvihill,
A review of clinical cases presented with the (1972).
clinical signs of hip dysplasia were referred to Age-wise, the highest incidence was found in the
Radiology Unit of Madras Veterinary College, from May age group of over three months to one year (52.94
2007-April 2009 was taken for this study. All the percent), followed by over three year to six years
available records and radiographs were screened and (17.27), over one year to three years (14.70 percent),
the information regarding the incidence of hip over six year to nine years (7.35) and above nine years
dysplasia was included. The standard ventrodorsal (7.35 percent) respectively. The highest incidence rate
radiographic view of the pelvis with rear limbs extended of above three months to one year in the present study
symmetrically and rotated inward to center the patellas was similar to the observations of Riser, (1993).
over the trochlear grooves. Male dogs were found to be more affected (59.55
www.veterinaryworld.org Veterinary World, Vol.3 No.5 May 2010 105
Incidence of Canine Hip Dysplasia : A Survey of 272 Cases
percent) than female dogs. This finding was in References
accordance with the findings of Jayaprakash, et al., (2007).
1. Hedhammer, A., Oison, S. E and S. A. Anderson,
In this study bilateral hip dysplasia was found to
(1979): J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 174:1012.
be more (88.60 percent) than unilateral. Among the
2. Jayaprakash, R,. N. Dhana Lakshmi, R. Suresh
unilateral hip dysplasia, left side was found to be more
Kumar and T. N. Ganesh, (2007): A retrospective
(54.83 percent) than right. In most cases, dysplasia will
study on incidence of canine hip dysplasia. Indian
occur bilaterally and approximately 7% occurs
Veterinary Journal., 84: 519-520.
unilaterally.
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Larger breeds are most succeptible (50 %) but
and cat. 2nd Ed. W. B. Saunders Co.,Philadelphia.
any small and medium sized breeds are also
P. 352.
succeptible to this condition. The optimum time of
4. Priester, W. A and Mulvihill, J. T., (1972): J. Am.
radiography to be taken is five or six months of age. The
primary complication of hip displasia is development of Vet. Med. Assoc., 160: 735.
osteoarthritis or degenerative joint diseases and the 5. Remedios, A. M and C. Lfries, (1995): Treatment
secondary complication is dislocation of hip with of canine hip dysplasia: A review. The Canadian
minimal trauma. Conscientious breeding is vital to Veterinary Journal., 36(8): 503-509.
decrease the occurance of this devastating disease. 6. Riser, W. H., (1993): Canine hip dysplasia, In
Male and female dogs before breeding, the hip should Bojrab, m. J. Disease mechanism in Small Animal
be evaluated for dysplasia. Dysplastic dog should not Surgery, 2nd Ed. Philadelphia. Lea and Febiger.
be bred. P. 797.

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www.veterinaryworld.org Veterinary World, Vol.3 No.5 May 2010 105

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