Divergence, Rotational, Geometric and Physical Interpretation
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Divergence, Rotational, Geometric
and Physical Interpretation.
► Divergence
Divergence measures the change in density of a fluid moving according to a given
vector field.
► Rotational
The rotational is an operator that measures rotation in the motion of a fluid described
by a three-dimensional vector field.
► Geometric and physical interpretation.
Divergence:
Interpret a vector field as if it represented the motion of a fluid.
Divergence is an operator that takes a vector function that defines this vector field and returns as an
output value a scalar function that measures the change in fluid density at each point.
These are the formulas for the divergence:
Where, V1, v2, are the component functions of v.
Problem : given a field
vector defined as
As the first point we will
We will multiply and it will be as follows
multiply the vector field by
manner:
the notation of the same
divergence:
2x - y
y2
4 Divergence of v
© p . Or, 9, =z(22-y)
e we can multiply the field by the notation we will substitute it: +y(y2) —2—2y
Therefore, points with negative divergence
are commonly called " wells ."
At points with positive divergence becoming less dense during a momentary movement
of the fluid, these points can be thought of as " sources "
4
► Rotational:
► The curl is an operator that takes a function, which represents a three-dimensional vector
field, and assigns it another function that represents a different three-dimensional vector
field.
► If a fluid spreads in three-dimensional space along a vector field, then the rotation of that
fluid around each point, represented as a vector, is given by the curl of the original vector
field evaluated at that point. The rotational vector field must be multiplied by a half so that
the magnitude of the rotational vectors is equal to the rotational speed of the fluid.
III
5
1
...
r T
t
1
Given the vector field by a
function calculate the rotation Result:
of the image . T AND
•922-0a,9z)= 322-9-(3,2-9)
= (y3 - 9y)i + (x3 - 9x)j 332 — 302
Substitute the 2-dimensional function
in the following formula
v(a0,i) = ,2(0,i) - (0,i)
ux dy
■ Geometric interpretation of the derivative
6
The derivative of f at a is the slope of the tangent line to the graph of f at point a,
which is known as the slope of f at a
7
• Physical interpretation of the derivative. Applications
If x(t) is the position of a mobile at time t, the average speed in the time interval[t; t +
h] and the instantaneous velocity at time t are, respectively:
vm([t, t - A]) = Elt±ha( u(t) = lim at±h)--( = i! h —-0) fl
The derivative of the velocity is the acceleration: a(t) = v´(t) = x"(t).
In general, the derivative of y = f(x) is the rate of change (speed) with which the
magnitude y varies with respect to the magnitude x.
• Extreme values
Formally, the Theory of Extreme Values is the branch of statistics that focuses its study on
the events associated with the tails of the distribution (higher or lower values of the variable
under study).
Within the world of finance, and specifically within the study of the price series of a financial
asset, the importance of this theory lies in achieving a more precise representation of the
extreme values of the distribution of returns of said asset, which is where the risk is most
important.
Let {X, … , X} be independent and identically random variables.
distributed.
The Maximum M = max{X, … , X} converges to the following
distribution
1
-1+, (---------E) '
Where:
9
