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Thanks for all the support across my socials! I'm thrilled to share the
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first draft of my DevOps Interview Guide. This guide is designed to

help you ace your next interview with 408 questions on essential skills
like Kubernetes, Terraform, Ansible, Jenkins, SRE, AWS, Python, and
Shell Scripting. Answers are in progress, with some already on my
blog (link within). Your support fuels my work, and I'm committed to
our shared growth!
 Content
AWS DevOps - Interview Questions (50 Questions)
✅ Basic Conceptual Level (1-10)
✅ Advanced Conceptual Level (11-20)
✅ Intermediate Level (21-30)
✅ Expert Level (31-40)
✅ Expert Level Questions with Scenarios from Production Environment (41-50)

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SRE - Interview Questions (71 Questions)
✅ Questions for Absolute Beginners (20 Questions)

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✅ Questions for Intermediate (20 Questions)
✅ Situation-Based Technical Questions (31 Questions)

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Kubernetes - Interview Questions (60 Questions)
✅ For Absolute Beginners (20 Questions)
✅ For Intermediate (20 Questions, 2-6 Years of Experience)
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✅ For Experienced Professionals (20 Questions, 7+ Years of Experience)
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Jenkins - Interview Questions (65 Questions)
✅ Absolute Beginner Conceptual Questions (20 Questions)
✅ Intermediate/Advanced Questions (25 Questions)
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✅ Expert Level Questions

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Terraform - Interview Questions (72 Question)

✅ Terraform Basics (Absolute Beginner)
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✅ Terraform Intermediate (Increased Complexity)

✅ Terraform Expert (Advanced & Challenging)
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Ansible Interview Questions (40 Questions)

✅ Basic Concepts (10 Questions)
✅ Inventory Management (6 Questions)
✅ Playbook Execution and Troubleshooting (8 Questions)
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✅ Modules and Variables (8 Questions)

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✅ Advanced Concepts (8 Questions)

Shell & Python Interview Questions (40 Questions)
✅ Basic Conceptual Level Questions (1-10)
✅ Advanced Conceptual Level Questions (11-20)
✅ Intermediate Level Questions (21-30)
✅ Expert Level Questions (31-40)
✅ Expert Level Questions with Scenarios from Production Environment (41-50)
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AWS DevOps Interview Questions (50 Questions)
"AWS + DevOps == AWS DevOps" Interview Questions : 50 Important Questions to Prepare! 🎯

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- Basic Conceptual Level Questions (1-10)
- Advanced Conceptual Level Questions (11-20)

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- Intermediate Level Questions (21-30)
- Expert Level Questions (31-40)
- Expert Level Questions with Scenarios from Production Environment (41-50)

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Land your dream DevOps job! 🚀
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✅ Basic Conceptual Level (1-10)

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1. Describe the core principles of DevOps and its benefits in cloud environments.
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2. Explain the difference between Infrastructure as Code (IaC) and Infrastructure as a Service
(IaaS).
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3. List and briefly explain the three main service categories offered by AWS.
4. What are the different types of EC2 instances, and how would you choose the right one for a
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specific application?
5. Explain the concept of security groups and access control lists (ACLs) in AWS.
6. What are the benefits of using VPCs in AWS?
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7. Describe the different types of S3 storage classes and their use cases.
8. Explain the purpose of CloudWatch and how it can be used for monitoring and logging in
AWS.
9. What are the key features of AWS Lambda and when would you use it?
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10. Explain the concept of autoscaling and how it can be implemented in AWS.
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✅ Advanced Conceptual Level (11-20)

11. Compare and contrast the features of CodePipeline and CodeDeploy for continuous
integration and continuous delivery (CI/CD) in AWS.
12. Explain the concept of serverless architectures and their benefits and challenges.

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13. Discuss the different options for containerization in AWS, such as ECS and EKS, and their
advantages and disadvantages.
14. Describe the role of infrastructure as code (IaC) tools like Terraform and CloudFormation in
DevOps practices.
15. Explain the concept of Infrastructure as Code (IaC) testing and how it can be implemented
in AWS.
16. Discuss the different strategies for disaster recovery in AWS.
17. Explain the importance of security best practices in AWS, such as IAM and VPCs.
18. What are the different types of AWS cost optimization strategies?

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19. Describe the role of serverless observability tools like CloudWatch Logs Insights and
Amazon OpenSearch Service in monitoring serverless applications.
20. Explain the concept of Blue/Green deployments and how they can be implemented in AWS.

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✅ Intermediate Level (21-30)

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21. Describe a real-world example of a DevOps project you worked on and the challenges you
faced.
22. How do you handle infrastructure changes in a production environment with minimal
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downtime?
23. Explain your experience with automation tools like Ansible or Chef in managing AWS
infrastructure.
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24. Describe your approach to troubleshooting and debugging issues in AWS deployments.
25. How do you monitor and measure the performance of your AWS applications?
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26. Explain your experience with writing and maintaining IaC scripts for AWS resources.
27. Describe your knowledge of container orchestration tools like Kubernetes and how you
would use them in AWS.
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28. Explain your experience with continuous integration and continuous delivery (CI/CD)
pipelines in AWS.
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29. How do you collaborate with other teams, such as development and security, in a DevOps
environment?
30. Describe your experience with incident response and recovery procedures in AWS.
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✅ Expert Level (31-40)

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31. Discuss your experience with advanced AWS services like CloudFormation custom
resources, Lambda Layers, and Step Functions.
32. Explain how you would implement infrastructure encryption for sensitive data in AWS.
33. Describe your knowledge of security best practices for serverless applications in AWS.
34. How would you design and implement a highly available and scalable architecture for a web
application in AWS?

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35. Explain your approach to performance optimization for your AWS applications.
36. Discuss your experience with automating security audits and compliance checks in AWS.
37. How do you stay up-to-date with the latest advancements in AWS technologies and best
practices?
38. Describe a challenging technical problem you encountered in a DevOps project and how
you solved it.
39. Explain your experience with cloud cost management tools and strategies.
40. Discuss your approach to building and maintaining a DevOps culture within an organization.
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✅ Expert Level Questions with Scenarios from Production

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Environment (41-50)

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41. Scenario: Your company's e-commerce website experiences a sudden surge in traffic during
a flash sale, causing application crashes and outages.
How would you diagnose and resolve the issue while minimizing downtime and lost sales?

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42. Scenario: A critical database in your production environment becomes corrupted due to
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accidental data deletion.
How would you recover the database and ensure data integrity?
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43. Scenario: Your company's internal development platform, hosted on EC2 instances,
experiences frequent performance bottlenecks and slow build times.
How would you optimize the infrastructure and CI/CD pipeline to improve developer
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productivity?
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44. Scenario: A security vulnerability is discovered in your company's public-facing API.

How would you quickly patch the vulnerability and prevent further breaches?
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45. Scenario: You are tasked with migrating a legacy application from on-premises infrastructure
to AWS.
How would you approach this migration process to ensure a smooth and successful transition?
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46. Scenario: Your company's website is experiencing high latency and slow page load times.
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How would you identify the root cause of the issue and implement performance improvements?

47. Scenario: An unauthorized access attempt is detected on one of your AWS S3 buckets.
How would you investigate the incident, contain the damage, and prevent future occurrences?

48. Scenario: You are tasked with automating the deployment process for your company's
microservices architecture.
How would you design and implement a reliable and scalable CI/CD pipeline?

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49. Scenario: Your company is experiencing high costs associated with their AWS environment.
How would you identify and implement cost-saving measures without impacting performance or
security?

50. Scenario: Your company is planning to adopt a DevOps culture.

How would you contribute to this transition and help break down silos between development
and operations teams?
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SRE - Interview Questions (71 Questions)

✅ Questions for Absolute Beginners (20 Questions)

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1. Can you define what DevOps means?
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2. What is the primary focus of a Site Reliability Engineer (SRE)?

3. Explain what GCP Cloud Infrastructure is and its significance.
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4. What are Infrastructure as Code (IaC) tools, and why are they important?
5. Describe the role of containerization and orchestration tools like Docker and Kubernetes.
6. What is the purpose of CI/CD pipelines?
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7. Can you explain the importance of version control systems like Git in software
development?
8. What do you understand by security scanners and vulnerability tools?
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9. How would you define Infrastructure as Code (IaC) principles?

10. Why is it important for an SRE to have strong problem-solving skills?
11. How does collaboration with development teams benefit the deployment process?
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12. Why is code review essential in software development?

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13. What does it mean to write “optimized, secure, functional, and scalable code”?
14. Why is performance tuning necessary for software applications?
15. What does it mean to provide proper estimates for work in a development environment?
16. Can you explain the importance of knowledge sharing among team members?
17. How can you contribute to improving the development processes within an organization?
18. Why is it important for developers to come up with creative solutions?
19. How do you define the “big picture” in software development?
20. Why is it crucial to stay focused on the right tasks to meet project timelines?

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✅ Questions for Intermediate (20 Questions)
21. Describe your experience with DevOps practices in a cloud environment.
22. Can you discuss a project where you utilized Terraform for Infrastructure as Code (IaC)?
23. How have you used Ansible for configuration management in your previous roles?
24. Explain your experience with Docker and Kubernetes in containerization and
orchestration.
25. Discuss your involvement with CI/CD pipelines and any challenges you faced.
26. Have you worked with security scanners and vulnerability tools in previous projects? If
so, can you provide examples?

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27. Describe a scenario where you had to troubleshoot infrastructure issues and how you
resolved them.

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28. How do you ensure the reliability and security of cloud infrastructure in your projects?
29. Discuss your familiarity with databases like MSSQL and PostgreSQL and how you’ve
used them in previous projects.

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30. Can you provide an example of how you’ve collaborated with development teams to
integrate and deploy applications smoothly?

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31. Describe a situation where you had to provide estimates for a project. How did you
approach it?
32. Discuss your experience with performance tuning and optimizing code for scalability.
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33. How do you share knowledge with your team members and contribute to their growth?
34. Can you describe a challenging problem you encountered and how you creatively solved
it?
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35. Explain how you prioritize tasks to meet project timelines effectively.
36. Describe your experience with build/deployment systems and how you’ve managed
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them.
37. Have you ever presented to the development community? If so, what was the topic and
how did it go?
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38. How do you stay updated with the latest technologies and trends in the industry?
39. Can you discuss a situation where you had to adapt to changing requirements in a
project?
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40. Describe a time when you had to work under pressure to meet a deadline and how you
handled it.

✅ Situation-Based Technical Questions (31 Questions)

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41. You encounter a critical infrastructure issue affecting production. Walk me through your
troubleshooting process.
42. How would you design a CI/CD pipeline for a complex application with multiple
microservices?
43. Discuss how you would handle a security breach in the cloud infrastructure.
44. You notice a significant increase in response time for an application. How would you
investigate and address this issue?

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 45. Explain how you would ensure high availability for a database in a cloud environment.
46. How do you implement blue-green deployments using Kubernetes?
47. Describe your approach to automating infrastructure provisioning using Terraform.
48. You’re tasked with improving the scalability of an application. What steps would you
take?
49. Discuss how you would integrate security scanning into the CI/CD pipeline.
50. How do you manage secrets and sensitive information in a cloud environment?
51. You need to deploy a new feature that requires changes in multiple services. How would
you coordinate this deployment?

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52. Describe your strategy for disaster recovery in a cloud environment.
53. How do you monitor the performance of containerized applications in Kubernetes?
54. You’re migrating a legacy application to the cloud. What challenges do you anticipate,

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and how would you overcome them?
55. Discuss your approach to optimizing costs in a cloud infrastructure.
56. You receive alerts for high CPU usage in a production environment. How would you

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investigate and mitigate this issue?
57. Explain how you would implement automated testing in a CI/CD pipeline.

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58. You encounter a network outage affecting connectivity to cloud services. How do you
respond?
59. Describe your experience with autoscaling and its implementation in cloud environments.
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60. How would you ensure compliance with industry regulations in a cloud infrastructure?
61. Describe your experience with implementing blue-green deployments and canary
releases in a production environment.
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62. How do you ensure traceability and accountability in your CI/CD pipeline?
63. You’re deploying a new application feature that requires changes to the underlying
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network architecture. How do you ensure minimal disruption to existing services?

64. Discuss your approach to capacity planning and resource allocation in a cloud
environment.
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65. You’re experiencing intermittent connectivity issues between services. How would you
diagnose and troubleshoot this problem?
66. Explain how you would handle a critical security patch that needs to be applied across
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all instances in your infrastructure.

67. Describe your experience with disaster recovery testing and how you ensure the
effectiveness of your disaster recovery plan.
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68. You’re tasked with optimizing costs for your cloud infrastructure. What steps would you
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take to identify and eliminate unnecessary expenses?

69. Discuss your strategy for implementing multi-region redundancy for high availability.
70. How do you manage software dependencies and versioning in your CI/CD pipeline?
71. You’re deploying a new service that requires integration with third-party APIs. How do
you ensure reliability and resilience in these integrations?

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Kubernetes Interview Questions for DevOps Profile
✅ For Absolute Beginners (20 Questions)

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1. What is Kubernetes, and why is it important for container orchestration?
2. Explain the concept of a Kubernetes pod.
3. How does Kubernetes handle container scaling?

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4. What is a Kubernetes service, and why is it useful?
5. Describe the role of a Kubernetes controller.

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6. What are labels and selectors in Kubernetes?
7. How do you create a deployment in Kubernetes?
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8. What is a Kubernetes namespace, and why would you use it?
9. How does Kubernetes manage secrets and configuration data?
10. What is the difference between a StatefulSet and a Deployment in Kubernetes?
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11. What is the difference between a Kubernetes deployment and a Kubernetes pod?
12. How do you expose a Kubernetes service externally?
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13. What are liveness and readiness probes in Kubernetes, and why are they
important?
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14. Describe the concept of a Kubernetes secret and its use cases.
15. How can you upgrade a Kubernetes cluster to a new version?
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16. What is a Kubernetes persistent volume (PV), and how does it differ from a
persistent volume claim (PVC)?
17. How do you manage configuration files (such as YAML manifests) for
Kubernetes resources?
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18. What is the purpose of a Kubernetes init container?

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19. Explain the concept of a Kubernetes daemon set.

20. How can you perform rolling restarts for pods in a Kubernetes deployment?

✅ For Intermediate (20 Questions, 2-6 Years of Experience)

1. Explain the concept of a Kubernetes replica set.

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 2. How do you perform rolling updates in Kubernetes?
3. What is a Kubernetes ingress, and how does it work?
4. Describe the role of a Kubernetes scheduler.
5. How do you troubleshoot a pod that is not running as expected?
6. What are Kubernetes resource quotas, and how do they impact cluster
management?
7. How can you secure communication between Kubernetes components?
8. What is a Kubernetes ConfigMap, and how do you use it?

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9. Discuss the benefits of using Helm for managing Kubernetes applications.
10. How do you monitor and visualize Kubernetes cluster health?
11. What is a Kubernetes StatefulSet, and when would you use it?

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12. How do you handle secrets and sensitive data in Kubernetes securely?
13. Discuss the benefits and drawbacks of using Helm charts for application

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deployment.
14. What is a Kubernetes custom resource (CR), and how can you create one?

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15. How do you set resource limits and requests for containers in a Kubernetes pod?
16. Describe the process of setting up a Kubernetes ingress controller.
17. What is the role of a Kubernetes network policy, and how does it enhance
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security?
18. How can you horizontally autoscale a Kubernetes deployment based on CPU
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utilization?
19. Explain the concept of Kubernetes affinity and anti-affinity rules.
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20. How do you troubleshoot and diagnose performance issues in a Kubernetes

cluster?
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✅ For Experienced Professionals (20 Questions, 7+ Years of

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Experience)
1. Explain the concept of a Kubernetes custom resource definition (CRD).
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2. How do you handle rolling back a failed deployment in Kubernetes?

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3. Discuss the challenges of managing stateful applications in Kubernetes.

4. What is the role of a Kubernetes operator?
5. How can you optimize resource utilization in a large-scale Kubernetes cluster?
6. Describe the process of setting up a multi-cluster Kubernetes federation.
7. How do you implement network policies in Kubernetes for security?
8. What are the differences between Helm v2 and Helm v3?
9. Discuss the use of Kubernetes Operators for managing databases.

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 10. How would you design a highly available and fault-tolerant Kubernetes
architecture?
11. What is the role of a Kubernetes admission controller, and how can you
customize it?
12. Discuss the use of Kubernetes custom metrics for autoscaling.
13. How do you manage multi-tenancy in a large Kubernetes cluster?
14. What is the difference between a Kubernetes job and a Kubernetes cron job?
15. How can you achieve high availability for etcd in a Kubernetes control plane?

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16. Describe the process of setting up a Kubernetes federation for global
deployments.
17. What are the best practices for securing Kubernetes API server endpoints?

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18. How do you handle rolling updates for stateful applications in Kubernetes?
19. Discuss the use of Kubernetes Operators for managing complex applications.

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20. How would you design a disaster recovery strategy for a critical Kubernetes
workload?

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Jenkins Interview Questions : 65 Questions

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✅ Absolute Beginner Conceptual Questions (20 Questions)

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1. What is Jenkins, and why is it used in a DevOps environment?

2. Explain the difference between Continuous Integration and Continuous Delivery
(CI/CD).
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3. What is a Jenkins pipeline, and can you describe its basic components?
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4. What are Jenkins jobs, and how do you create a simple one?
5. How does Jenkins integrate with version control systems (like Git)?
6. What are some common Jenkins plugins you might use?
7. What is a Jenkins build?
8. Can you name some important directories within a Jenkins installation?
9. How would you manually install a Jenkins plugin?
10. What is the difference between freestyle jobs and pipelines in Jenkins?
11. What are build parameters in Jenkins, and how are they used?

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 12. How would you add a simple 'Hello, world!' step to a Jenkins pipeline?
13. What are post-build actions, and can you give an example?
14. Where can you see the output logs of a Jenkins build?
15. What are some basic best practices for using Jenkins?
16. How do you restart a Jenkins server?
17. What does the blue icon in Jenkins indicate? What about a red icon?
18. How can you schedule a Jenkins job to run at a specific time?
19. What is a Jenkins workspace?
20. How would you find additional support or resources for learning about Jenkins?

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✅ Intermediate/Advanced Questions (25 Questions)

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21. How do you set up a master-slave configuration in Jenkins for distributed builds?
22. Explain the concept of triggers in Jenkins. How would you use them to automate

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jobs?
23. How do you manage builds, test results, and artifacts in Jenkins?

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24. Discuss strategies for securing Jenkins, like managing access control and
credentials.
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25. How would you troubleshoot a failed Jenkins build?
26. How can you monitor Jenkins performance and identify bottlenecks?
27. How would you use Jenkins for dynamic job creation, perhaps based on
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parameters or external data sources?

28. What are strategies for handling complex build dependencies or conditional build
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steps in Jenkins pipelines?

29. How do you ensure quality control within Jenkins pipelines using test reporting
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and static code analysis tools?

30. Describe how you would use Jenkins in conjunction with configuration
management tools like Ansible or Puppet.
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31. How can Jenkins be used to enforce governance and compliance across
development teams with shared pipelines?
32. How would you implement infrastructure provisioning and deployment through
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Jenkins pipelines?
33. Discuss considerations when migrating existing Jenkins jobs to more complex
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pipeline-as-code structures.
34. Share a situation where you faced challenges due to scalability issues in Jenkins,
and how did you resolve them?
35. How can the Shared Groovy Libraries functionality in Jenkins be leveraged for
reusability and maintainability?
36. What are your strategies for backing up and restoring critical Jenkins
configuration and data?

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 37. How do you ensure Jenkins jobs are idempotent and can be rerun without
unexpected side effects?
38. How have you improved communication or collaboration in your team through the
use of Jenkins notifications?
39. Describe strategies for environment variable management in Jenkins, both
globally and within specific jobs/pipelines.
40. What are the pros and cons of using Jenkins shared libraries versus standalone
scripts within pipelines?
41. How would you troubleshoot Jenkins performance issues related to memory or

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CPU usage?
42. Explain techniques for parallelizing Jenkins pipelines to improve build speed.

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43. Discuss how to use webhooks to integrate Jenkins with external systems or
trigger events.
44. How would you handle sensitive data (like API keys) during build processes in a

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secure manner?
45. What are some common use cases for the Jenkins REST API, and how could it

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be used for automation?
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✅ Expert Level Questions
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46. Explain the architectural components of Jenkins (controllers, agents,

communication protocols) and how they relate to performance.
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47. Describe advanced credential management techniques in Jenkins, addressing

both security and ease of use.
48. How would you set up self-healing or auto-scaling Jenkins architecture for
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reliability and workload management?

49. Discuss approaches to extending Jenkins functionality using custom plugins or
developing them yourself.
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50. How would you implement comprehensive logging and auditing in Jenkins to
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track changes and events for security or traceability?

51. Describe advanced pipeline techniques like scripted pipelines or the Jenkins
Pipeline DSL.
52. How would you design a high-availability Jenkins setup for maximum uptime?
53. Explain Jenkins integration with cloud technologies like Kubernetes or Docker.
54. How would you optimize Jenkins build processes for large-scale projects?
55. Discuss strategies for using Jenkins within a complex CI/CD workflow involving
multiple tools.

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 56. Can you share your experience in a project where Jenkins played a critical role in
the DevOps process?
57. How do you approach blue/green or canary deployments within Jenkins
pipelines?
58. How can you use Jenkins for rolling updates or zero-downtime deployments in
complex application environments?
59. What is your approach to disaster recovery planning with Jenkins as a critical
part of the architecture?
60. How do you handle secret management with Jenkins, and what secure storage

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mechanisms would you recommend?
61. What are your strategies for maintaining large Jenkins instances with multiple

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teams and many jobs?
62. How have you applied the concept of "Jenkins as code" to achieve better visibility
and control?

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63. Discuss the implications of using a Jenkins X solution versus a more traditional
Jenkins setup.

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64. Discuss considerations for running Jenkins in containerized environments, such
as Docker or Kubernetes.
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65. Outline a strategy for comprehensive testing of Jenkins pipelines themselves (as
opposed to testing software built by those pipelines).
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Terraform Interview Questions : 72 Questions

✅ Terraform Basics (Absolute Beginner)

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1. What is Terraform and why is it important in a DevOps context?

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2. Explain the concept of Infrastructure as Code (IaC) and how Terraform helps achieve
it.
3. What are the core components of a Terraform configuration file? (e.g., resources,

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providers)

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4. Describe the difference between declarative and imperative approaches in
infrastructure management.
5. How does Terraform manage state and ensure infrastructure consistency?
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6. Explain the purpose of Terraform state commands (e.g., terraform plan, terraform
apply)
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7. What are Terraform modules and how can they be used to manage reusable
infrastructure components?
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8. Describe the benefits and challenges of using Terraform variables in your

configuration.
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9. Explain the concept of Terraform providers and how they connect to different cloud
platforms.
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10. How do you handle sensitive information like API keys and passwords in Terraform
configurations?
11. What are some common Terraform best practices for writing secure and
maintainable code?
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12. Briefly explain the concept of Terraform remote state management.

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13. How can you debug and troubleshoot issues in Terraform configurations?
14. What are some popular resources available for learning Terraform?
15. Describe a simple infrastructure scenario you could manage with Terraform (e.g.,
creating a virtual machine).
16. How can Terraform be integrated with other DevOps tools and workflows? (e.g.,
CI/CD pipelines)
17. What are some limitations or challenges of using Terraform?

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18. Briefly compare Terraform to other IaC tools like Ansible or CloudFormation.
19. Describe your experience with version control systems like Git and how they can be
used with Terraform.
20. How can Terraform be used to manage multi-cloud environments?
21. Explain the concept of Terraform workspaces and their potential use cases.
22. How can you implement access control and permissions within Terraform
configurations?
23. What are some security considerations when using Terraform in production

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environments?
24. How can you monitor and track changes made to infrastructure managed with

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Terraform?
25. Briefly describe your understanding of Terraform Cloud or Terraform Enterprise and
their potential benefits.

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✅ Terraform Intermediate (Increased Complexity)
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26. How would you implement dynamic configurations using Terraform data sources
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and external data?
27. Explain the use cases and configuration differences between local-exec and
remote-exec provisioners in Terraform.
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28. Describe how Terraform output values can be used to interact with other tools or
applications.
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29. Explain the purpose and benefits of using null resources in Terraform configurations.
30. How can you leverage Terraform for multi-tenant infrastructure deployments?
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31. Describe different strategies for handling Terraform state in geographically

distributed environments.
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32. Explain the concept of Terraform workspaces and how they can be used for testing
and development workflows.
33. How can you implement disaster recovery scenarios using Terraform state
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snapshots and backup mechanisms?

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34. Describe potential security risks associated with Terraform state and how to mitigate
them.
35. Explain the differences between Terraform Cloud and Terraform Enterprise, and
their best-suited use cases.
36. How would you manage complex infrastructure dependencies and resource lifecycle
management in Terraform?

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37. Describe your experience with integrating Terraform into CI/CD pipelines and
automation workflows.
38. Explain how you would use Terraform for continuous delivery and infrastructure
configuration updates.
39. Discuss different testing strategies for Terraform configurations, including unit
testing and integration testing.
40. How can you implement Infrastructure as Code (IaC) governance and compliance
policies with Terraform?

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41. Describe your experience with collaborating on Terraform projects in a team
environment using tools like version control and code reviews.

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42. Explain how you would diagnose and troubleshoot complex Terraform configuration
errors and unexpected infrastructure behavior.
43. Discuss the security considerations and best practices for managing Terraform

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modules and remote state storage.
44. Explain potential challenges and solutions for scaling Terraform deployments to

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large-scale infrastructure environments.
45. How can you use Terraform cost optimization strategies to manage cloud resource
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expenses effectively?
46. Describe your understanding of infrastructure drift and how you would prevent it
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using Terraform tools and practices.

47. Explain the benefits and potential drawbacks of using Terraform for bare-metal
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infrastructure management.
48. Discuss the evolution of Terraform and its roadmap for future advancements and
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new features.
49. How would you stay updated on the latest Terraform best practices, community
trends, and security vulnerabilities?
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50. Share a real-world scenario where you successfully used Terraform to solve a
specific infrastructure challenge or automate a DevOps task.
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✅ Terraform Expert (Advanced & Challenging)

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51. Explain how you would implement serverless architectures and manage resources
dynamically using Terraform and serverless providers.
52. Describe your experience with integrating Terraform with container orchestration
platforms like Kubernetes and managing infrastructure for containerized applications.
53. How would you configure Terraform for infrastructure cost optimization using
features like spot instances and reserved instances on cloud platforms?

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54. Explain your understanding of Terraform Sentinel and its role in securing and
auditing Terraform configurations.
55. Describe how you would implement disaster recovery and failover strategies for
multi-region deployments using Terraform and cloud provider features.
56. Explain the concept of Terraform CDK and its potential benefits compared to
traditional Terraform configurations.
57. How would you leverage Terraform for infrastructure testing and validation using
tools like Terrafold or Kitchen.

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58. Describe your experience with advanced Terraform modules, including custom
modules and community-maintained modules.

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59. Explain your approach to versioning and managing Terraform modules across
different environments and projects.
60. How would you implement Infrastructure as Code (IaC) testing frameworks to

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ensure configuration correctness and security.
61. Describe your experience with Terraform state management tools and strategies for

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handling large and complex state files.
62. Explain how you would leverage Terraform for compliance automation and enforce
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specific infrastructure configurations within an organization.
63. Describe your understanding of infrastructure secrets management and how you
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would securely manage sensitive data in Terraform configurations.

64. How would you integrate Terraform with identity and access management (IAM)
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solutions to control access to infrastructure resources.

65. Explain your experience with infrastructure drift detection and remediation tools in
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conjunction with Terraform.

66. Describe your approach to monitoring and logging changes made to infrastructure
managed with Terraform for auditability and troubleshooting.
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67. How would you implement automated remediation strategies for infrastructure
discrepancies identified using Terraform drift detection tools.
68. Explain your understanding of advanced Terraform features like workspaces,
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interpolation functions, and conditional logic.

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69. Describe your experience with writing reusable Terraform functions and libraries to
promote code modularity and efficiency.
70. How would you contribute to an open-source Terraform project or module,
demonstrating your understanding of community collaboration and best practices.
71. Discuss the future of Terraform and potential emerging trends in the IaC landscape.
72. Share a complex Terraform project you tackled, highlighting your problem-solving
approach, design choices, and successful outcomes.

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Ansible Interview Questions (40 Questions)

✅ Basic Concepts (10 Questions)

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1. What is Ansible, and what makes it different from other configuration
management tools like Chef or Puppet?

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2. What are the key benefits of using Ansible in DevOps practices?
3. Explain the concept of modules in Ansible and their role in automation tasks.

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4. What are playbooks in Ansible, and how do they structure automation workflows?
5. What is the difference between inventory and inventory files in Ansible?
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6. Explain the difference between agent-based and agentless configuration
management tools.
7. What are Ansible facts, and how are they used in playbooks?
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8. Describe the role of Jinja2 templating in Ansible and its benefits.

9. How can you leverage Ansible Vault for secure storage of sensitive information?
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10. What are some common Ansible modules you've used or come across?

✅ Inventory Management (6 Questions)

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1. Describe various methods for managing server inventories in Ansible (e.g., static,
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dynamic, cloud-based).
2. How can you use groups and variables to organize and customize your inventory
in Ansible?
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3. What are some best practices for securing your inventory files and access
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control?
4. Explain how you would integrate Ansible with cloud platforms like AWS or Azure
for managing inventories.
5. How can you utilize dynamic inventory sources like DNS or REST APIs to
manage evolving infrastructure?
6. Describe your approach to version control and maintaining changes to your
Ansible inventories.

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✅ Playbook Execution and Troubleshooting (8 Questions)
1. Explain the different ways to run Ansible playbooks (e.g., manually, scheduled,
triggered).
2. How do you handle conditional tasks and branching logic within playbooks?
3. Describe common troubleshooting techniques for identifying and resolving errors
during playbook execution.
4. What tools or resources are available for debugging and monitoring Ansible

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playbooks?
5. What are the different verbosity levels available in Ansible, and how do they aid
in debugging?

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6. How would you go about debugging a complex playbook with multiple tasks and
conditionals?

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7. Explain the purpose and usage of Ansible tags for playbook execution control.
8. What are some strategies for handling failures and retries during playbook

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execution?

✅ Modules and Variables (8 Questions)

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1. How do you find information about available Ansible modules and their usage
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details?
2. Explain the use of variables in Ansible playbooks and their benefits in reusability
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and flexibility.
3. How can you create custom modules to extend Ansible's functionality for specific
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needs?
4. What are best practices for managing sensitive data and secrets within Ansible
variables?
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5. Describe the use of filters in Ansible variables for data manipulation.

6. How can you create complex data structures like nested dictionaries or lists using
Ansible variables?
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7. Explain the concept of conditional facts and their application in playbooks.

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8. Compare and contrast different approaches to managing variables across

environments (e.g., group vars, host vars).

✅ Advanced Concepts (8 Questions)

1. How can you leverage roles in Ansible to modularize and share automation tasks
across projects?
2. Explain the integration of Ansible with CI/CD pipelines for continuous delivery.

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 3. What are some security considerations when using Ansible in production
environments?
4. Describe your understanding of Infrastructure as Code (IaC) and its connection
to Ansible.
5. How can you utilize Ansible Galaxy for sharing and discovering reusable roles
and modules?
6. Explain the concept of Ansible collections and their advantages.
7. Describe your understanding of the Ansible Control Machine and its purpose.
8. How can you integrate Ansible with monitoring tools for gathering insights into

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infrastructure health?

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Shell & Python Interview Questions (50 Questions)

✅ Basic Conceptual Level Questions (1-10)
1. Explain the key differences between Shell and Python in the context of DevOps.

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2. What are the primary use cases for Shell and Python within a DevOps environment?

3. List common Shell commands used for file management, process control, and
system administration.

4. Demonstrate how to write a basic Python script to automate a simple task (e.g., file
transfer or data manipulation).

5. Explain the concept of variables and data types in both Shell and Python.

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6. How do you create, modify, and delete files and directories using Shell commands?

7. Describe the process of reading and writing file contents using Python.

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8. How does error handling work in Shell and Python scripts?

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9. Explain the use of loops and conditional statements in both scripting environments.

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10. Discuss the importance of comments and code readability in Shell and Python
scripts.
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---------------------------------------------

✅ Advanced Conceptual Level Questions (11-20)

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11. How would you create and execute simple functions in Python?
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12. What are modules and packages in Python, and how are they used for code
organization?
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13. Explain the concept of input and output operations in Shell and Python scripts.

14. How do you interact with external commands and programs from within Shell and
Python?
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15. What are common libraries and modules used for DevOps tasks in Python (e.g., os,
sys, subprocess, requests)?

16. How would you approach debugging Shell and Python scripts?

17. What are some best practices for writing maintainable and efficient Shell and Python
scripts?

18. Explain the importance of version control systems like Git in DevOps workflows.

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19. Describe the process of integrating Shell and Python scripts into a CI/CD pipeline.

20. How would you handle security considerations when working with Shell and Python
scripts in DevOps?

---------------------------------------------

✅ Intermediate Level Questions (21-30)

21. Write a Python script to automate the deployment of a simple application to a web

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server.

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22. Explain how to use Python to interact with databases (e.g., MySQL, PostgreSQL)
for data retrieval and manipulation.

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23. How would you create a Shell script to monitor system resources and send alerts
based on thresholds?

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24. Describe techniques for optimizing Python scripts for performance.
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25. How do you handle exceptions and errors gracefully in Python scripts?

26. Write a Python function to parse and process data from a CSV file.
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27. Demonstrate how to use regular expressions in Python for text processing tasks.
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28. Explain the use of decorators in Python to modify function behavior.

29. How would you create a Python module with reusable functions for common
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DevOps tasks?

30. Describe strategies for testing and debugging Shell and Python scripts in a DevOps
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environment.

---------------------------------------------

✅ Expert Level Questions (31-40)

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31. How would you design a Python-based framework for building and deploying
complex applications?

32. Explain the use of generator expressions and coroutines in Python for efficient data
processing.

33. Describe techniques for profiling Python code to identify performance bottlenecks.

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34. Write a Python script to create and manage Docker containers.

35. How would you integrate Python with cloud infrastructure services (e.g., AWS,
Azure, GCP)?

36. Explain the concept of metaprogramming in Python and its potential use cases in
DevOps.

37. Describe the process of creating and distributing Python packages for reuse.

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38. How would you approach troubleshooting performance issues in a Python-based
web application?

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39. Write a Python script to implement a custom logging system with varying log levels.

40. Explain the use of design patterns in Python for solving common software

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engineering problems.

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---------------------------------------------

✅ Expert Level Questions with Scenarios from Production

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Environment (41-50)
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41. Scenario: A production web server is experiencing high CPU usage. Question: Write
a Python script to automate the process of identifying the root cause and taking
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corrective actions.

42. Scenario: A new feature deployment has resulted in unexpected errors in a

ech

production environment. Question: Explain how you would use Python to troubleshoot
and resolve the issue.
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43. Scenario: You receive an alert indicating a database server is running low on disk
space. Question: Describe your approach to analyze the situation, resolve the issue,
and prevent future occurrences using Shell and Python scripts.
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44. Scenario: A critical application suddenly experiences high latency in a production

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environment. Question: Explain how you would leverage Python to gather performance
metrics, analyze logs, and diagnose the bottleneck.

45. Scenario: A security vulnerability is identified in a deployed application. Question:

Describe the steps you would take to orchestrate a patch deployment using Python and
integrate it into the CI/CD pipeline.

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46. Scenario: A large data file needs to be processed and uploaded to a cloud storage
platform efficiently. Question: Design a Python script that leverages multithreading or
asynchronous techniques to optimize the process.

47. Scenario: You suspect a distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack is targeting your
web infrastructure. Question: Explain how you would use Python to analyze network
traffic patterns and implement mitigation strategies.

48. Scenario: A configuration change needs to be rolled back across multiple servers in

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a production environment. Question: Design a Shell script that automates the rollback
process with minimal downtime and ensures consistency.

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49. Scenario: You are tasked with automating the monitoring and reporting of key
performance indicators (KPIs) for various DevOps services. Question: Explain how you
would utilize Python to collect data from different sources, generate reports, and trigger

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alerts based on predefined thresholds.

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50. Scenario: You are considering migrating a legacy application to a cloud platform.
Question: Describe your approach to assess the feasibility, design the migration plan,
and automate the process using Python and cloud APIs.
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-------------------------- The End -------------------
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Bonus
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(Hands-on Lab & Other documents)

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T3

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AWS Hands-on Labs (Guide)
https://techyoutube.com/index.php/2023/12/26/24-aws-hands-on-labs-elevate-your
-expertise-now/
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Azure Hands-on Labs (Guide)
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https://techyoutube.com/index.php/2024/01/26/12-azure-hands-on-labs-elevate-yo
ur-expertise-now/
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DevOps & Cloud Projects Ideas

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https://techyoutube.com/index.php/category/devops-cloud-projects/

DevOps FREE Quizzes (Test & Learn)

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https://techyoutube.com/index.php/category/quiz/devops-quiz/
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Kubernetes - Interview (Questions & Answers)

https://techyoutube.com/?s=kubernetes+interview
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SRE (Site Reliability Engineer) - Questions & Answer

https://techyoutube.com/index.php/category/devops/sre-interview-q-a/

🔥 Free Courses : Kubernetes (Enroll Now) 🔥

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https://techyoutube.com/index.php/2024/03/02/free-courses-kubernetes-enroll-no
w/

Terraform Content
https://techyoutube.com/index.php/category/devops/terraform/

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Hope you find this document helpful for your DevOps Learning.

For more such content you can check :

https://techyoutube.com

Now, to Support, just follow me on below socials (No Cheating Please)

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Telegram: https://t.me/LearnDevOpsForFree

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Twitter: https://twitter.com/techyoutbe

Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/@T3Ptech

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