Eng.

Ala'a Nabil

Solution of Chapters 4

Prepared by Eng. Ala'a Nabil

2014 - 2015

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Eng. Ala'a Nabil

Chapter 4

Q1

If a man lifts a 20 kg is bucket from a well and does 6 kJ of work, how deep the
well ? Assume the speed of the bucket remains constant as it is lifted.

Solution

▪ m = 20 kg , Work = 6 kJ = 6 x 103 J .

𝐖𝐨𝐫𝐤 𝟔 𝐱 𝟏𝟎𝟑
Work = F × S = ( m g ) × h h= = = 30.6 m .
𝐦𝐠 ( 𝟐𝟎 × 𝟗.𝟖 )

Q2

A 65kg woman climbs a flight of 20 stairs, each 23 cm high. How much work
was done against the force of gravity in the process?

Solution

▪ m = 65 kg , h = no. of stairs × 23 cm = 20 × 23 = 460 cm = 4.6 m .

Work = F × S = ( mg ) × S = ( 65 × 9.8 ) × 4.6 = 2930.2 J .

Q3

A 3-kg mass has an initial velocity vi = ( 6 i – 2 j ) m/s.

(a) What is its kinetic energy at this time?
(b) Find the change in its kinetic energy if its velocity changes to ( 8 i + 4 j ) m/s.

Solution

▪ m = 3 kg , Vi = ( 6 i – 2 j ) m/s , Vf = ( 6 i + 4 j ) m/s .

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
Ki = mVi2 = × 3 × (6 i - 2 j) 2 = × 3 × ( 36 + 4 ) = 60 J.
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐

b)
𝟏 𝟏
Kf = ×3×(8i+4j)2= × 3 ( 64 + 16 ) = 120 J.
𝟐 𝟐

ΔK (Change in kinetic energy = Work ) = Kf – Ki = 120 – 60 = 60 J .

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Q4

When a 4 kg mass is hung vertically on a certain light spring that obeys

Hooke's law, the spring stretches 2.5 cm. If the 4 kg mass is removed.

a) how far will the spring stretch if a 1.5-kg mass is hung on it.

b) how much work must an external agent do to stretch the same spring 4.0
from its unscratched position?

Solution

▪ m1 = 4 kg , X1 = 2.5 cm = 0.025 m .
F = - kx ( Hooke's law )
Note that the minus sign indicates only to the direction of the force .
𝐅 𝐦𝐠 𝟒 ×𝟗.𝟖
k= = = = 1568 N /m .
𝐗 𝐦𝟏 𝟎.𝟎𝟐𝟓

a)
m2 = 1.5 kg .
𝐅 𝐦𝟐 𝐠 𝟏.𝟓 ×𝟗.𝟖
X2 = = = = 9.375 x 10-3 m = 0.9375 cm .
𝐊 𝐊 𝟏𝟓𝟔𝟖

OR BY :
𝐗𝟐 𝐦𝟐 𝐦𝟐 × 𝐗 𝟏 𝟏.𝟓 ×𝟎.𝟎𝟐𝟓
= X2 = = = 9.375 x 10-3 m = 0.9375 cm.
𝐗𝟏 𝐦𝟏 𝐦𝟏 𝟒

b)
• X = 4 cm = 0.04 m .
𝟏 𝟏
Work (on spring (external)) = k X2 = × 1568 × 0.042 =1.25 J .
𝟐 𝟐

Q5

A 700-N marine in basic training climbs a 10-m vertical rope at uniform speed
in 8 s. What is his power output ?

Solution

▪ mg = 700 N , h = 10 m , t = 8 s .

✓ F = mg .

𝐖𝐨𝐫𝐤 𝐦𝐠 × 𝐡 𝟕𝟎𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎
Power = = = = 875 W .
𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐞 𝐭 𝟖

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Q6

A weightlifter lifts 250 kg through 2m in 1.5 s. What is his power output?

Solution

▪ m = 250 kg , S = 2 m , t = 1.5 s .

✓ F = mg .

𝐖𝐨𝐫𝐤 𝐦𝐠 × 𝐡 ( 𝟐𝟓𝟎 × 𝟗.𝟖 ) × 𝟐

Power = = = = 3266.67 W = 3.2667 kW ≈ 3.27 kW.
𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐞 𝐭 𝟏.𝟓

Q7

A 200 kg cart is pulled along a level surface by an engine. The coefficient of

friction between the carte and surface is 0.4.

(a) How much power must the engine deliver to move the carte at constant
speed of 5 m/s .

(b) How much work is done by the engine in 3min .

Solution
▪ m = 200 kg , µ )‫ = ( معامل االحتكاك‬0.4 , V = 5 m/s .

a) Power = F x V = ( mg × µ ) × V = 200 × 9.8 × 0.4 × 5 = 3920 W .

b)

✓ t = 3 min = 3 x 60 = 180 s .

Work = Power x Time = 3920 × 180 = 705600 J = 705.6 kJ .

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Q8

A 1500 kg car accelerates uniformly from rest to a speed of 10 m/s in 3 s. Find

a) The work done on the car in this time.
b) The average power delivered the engine in the first 3 s .
c) The instantaneous power delivered by the engine at t = 2 s .

Solution

▪ m = 1500 kg , Vi = 0 ( rest ) , Vf = 10 m/s , t = 3 s.

a)
𝟏 𝟏
Work = m ( Vf2 – Vi 2 ) = 1500 ( 10) 2 = 75000 J = 7.5 x10 4 J.
𝟐 𝟐
b)
𝐖𝐨𝐫𝐤 𝟕𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎
Power = = = 25000 W = 2.5 x10 4 W.
𝐭 𝟑

c)

To get a instantaneous power m you should get a velocity at that instant

𝐕𝐟 − 𝐕𝐢 𝟏𝟎 − 𝟎
Vf = Vi + at a= = = 3.333 m/s2 .
𝟑 𝟑

V ( at t = 2 s ) = Vi + at = 0 + 3.333 × 2 = 6.666 m/s.

Power ( at t = 2 s ) = F × V = (ma) × V = (1500 x 3.333) x 6.666 = 33326.667 W

Power = 33.32667x10 3 W ≈ 3.33 x10 4 W.

Q9

The resultant force acting on a 2kg particle moving along the x axis varies as
F = 3x2 - 4x + 5, where x is in m and F, is in N.
a) Find the net work done on the particle as it moves from x = 1m to x = 3m.
b) If the speed of the particle is 5 m/s at x = 1m, what is its speed at x = 3 m?

Solution
a)
▪ x1 = 1 , x2 = 3
𝐱𝟐 𝟑
Work = ∫𝐱 𝐅 𝐝𝐱 = ∫𝟏 ( 𝟑𝐗 𝟐 − 𝟒 𝐗 + 𝟓 ) 𝐝𝐱 =
𝟏

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Work = = { 33 – 13 } - 2 { 32 – 12 } + 5 { 3 – 1 } = 20 J .

b)
▪ Vi ( at t = 1 ) , Vf ( at t = 3 )
𝟏
𝐖𝐨𝐫𝐤 = Δ K = m ( Vf 2 – Vi 2 ) , therefore
𝟐
𝟏
𝐖𝐨𝐫𝐤 = m ( Vf 2 – Vi 2 )
𝟐

𝟐 × 𝐖𝐨𝐫𝐤 𝟐 × 𝟐𝟎
Vf =√ { + 𝐕𝐢 𝟐 } √ { + 𝟓𝟐 } = √ { 𝟐𝟎 + 𝟐𝟓𝟐 } = √ 𝟒𝟓 = 6.71 m/s.
𝐦 𝟐

OR By:
Work = Work = F × S = (ma) × S , S = X2 – X1 = 3 – 1 = 2m.

𝐖𝐨𝐫𝐤 𝟐𝟎
a= = = 5 m/s2 .
𝟐𝐒 (𝟐×𝟐)

Vf 2 = Vi 2 +2aS Vf =√ { 𝐕𝐢 𝟐 + 𝟐𝐚𝐒 } = √ { 𝟓𝟐 + 𝟐 × 𝟓 × 𝟐 } = √ 𝟒𝟓 = 6.71 m/s.