4

Positivism and organicism

Yo
The study of phenomena from a
naturalistic perspective
Comprehensive sociology
SOCIOLOGY
Sociology of conflict and socialism
Augustus Comte (1842 ) consciousness in evolution.
They highlight the importance
Sociology as a science Emile Durkheim (1858- not of explanation but of
susceptible to verification 1917) understanding social reality
under an experimental ________ Yo through its meanings.
methodological model. Introduces the concept of “social
fact” related to collective
The real unit of sociological Max Weber (1864-1920)
consciousness.
study is society.
He addresses suicide and in 1895 Vertehen concept:
Herbert Spencer (1820- formulated the rules of the Internalize and understand
1903) sociological method. the social act from the
actor and the spectator.
In 1850 he published the book
It studies the significant
Social Statics where he
interactions of individuals
classified himself as an that form a network of
organicist and established the social relationships.
analogy with human social
development.
Karl Manheim (1891-1947)
Yo
Lester F. Ward (in the US
) Sociology must study both
_____ association processes and their
He was a pioneer in referring meanings (Rodriguez A, 2011)
directly to the genesis of social
He wrote texts such as: Essay on
structures, he spoke of telesis
the sociology of culture;
for social improvement.
Essay on sociology and social
Highlights the role of human
psychology among others.
They focus their attention on the
class struggle and the conflictive
forces that move societies in search
of balance.

Karl Marx (1818-1883)

Economic determinism is the

basis of the social structure
and development of society.

Ralf Dahrendorf

Study on the sociological

aspects of the conflict
Consider that the degree of
social organization affects
the intensity of violence.

Johan Galtung

Structural theory of
aggression that highlights
probabilities of aggression
between individuals due to
their respective social
positions.

Kenneth Boulding and Shelling

They contribute to the

theorization of social conflict.
Functional-Structuralism SOCIOLOGY
Society is a network of Some branches that
relationships between come from schools
Critical Sociology Sociology of commitment
individuals.
It is related to the critical
Robert Merton (1910-2003) It is mainly the contribution
school and existentialism of
of Latin America whose Political Sociology.
It theoretically bases the approach Sartre and Marcuse.
theoretical scheme is Urban sociology.
to new sociological problems such action research. Rural sociology.
as migrations, crime, urban Wright Mills (1916-1962)
Economic
planning, etc. Since no theoretical and
Critical of American elites sociology.
methodological models
and social classes, he was Demographic
were found except the
Talcott Parson (1902-1979) a pioneer of the sociology sociology.
traditional ones, they then
of power. Sociology of
took from socialism and the
Culture.
He thinks that society tends towards critical school.
Sociology of law.
self-regulation and self-sufficiency by
Alberto Mayor (Colombia) Sociology of
satisfying certain basic needs (Rodriguez
It studies the significant Education.
A, 2011 p.20) Contributes to the
interactions of individuals
sociological study of ethics,
Pitirim Sorokin that form a network of
customs and
industrialization regional. social relationships.
He made significant contributions to the
study of cultural dynamics, sociology and Authors such as Orlando Fals
personality. Borda, Evan y Varna, Moser,
He used a behavioral approach. among others, stand out.

Annotations:

I found several precursors of sociology, from the Greeks for example (and there must be more ancient ones), near the Renaissance
Montesquieu, Rosseau, Locke and a more direct one, Saint-Simon, stand out. I did not place them particularly because although they
highlight aspects of the
society do not belong to the scope of sociology as a science, Saint Simon, however, seems to me that he could be the one who originated
sociology, not with this name of course, but his attempt to explain societies is very close to Comte.

There was a reading that I found very interesting: The sociology of science and scientific reflexivity that talks about the transitions of the SELF in
science. It begins with the Cartesian self (Western science); the social self (sociology), the self-and object (sociology of knowledge), the self-self-
subject (sociology of science and scientific reflexivity) and the controversial self (war of sciences), this is a reading that rescues the importance of
the influence that the different historical moments of science have had and how paradigms (a term coined by Kuhn) have also moved what to do
with the methodologies used in the social sciences. Sociology (and no science in particular, not even physics) can escape the social and historical
contexts that are implicit in thought itself, which is also why I make this note since this work, the trends, the way in which arises, it should not be
understood in isolation as if it were an event that suddenly appeared out of nowhere, but rather it should be situated in those conditions that
make things the way they are and not otherwise.

Bibliographic references

Frausto-Obed G. (2015). The sociology of science and scientific reflexivity. Sociological Record No. 67 pp. 193-220 Retrieved from:
https://ezproxy.cuc.edu.co:2094/science/article/pii/S0186602815000158

Portanteiro (SF) Classical sociology: Durkheim and Weber-preliminary study. The origin of sociology. The Founding Fathers, Latin American
Publishing Center, Buenos Aires. Recovered: https://cuanticuali.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/unidad1-2-portantieroorigensociologia.pdf

Rodríguez-Rojas A. (2011). Foundations of sociology. Bogotá-Colombia, Publisher: Ecoe Ediciones.

Presented by:

Angie Posso M. Faculty of social and

human sciences. Psychology program.