Student: Bauer Nolasco Marita Jocelin

Course: Deontology and Professional Ethics

Teacher: Arrunátegui
 What is Ethics?
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^ Philosophical discipline that studies a certain form of
human activity called morality that involves a set of
norms, values and acts that we judge as good or bad.
 What is Religion?
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^ Religion implies a link between man and God or the gods;
According to their beliefs, the person will govern their
behavior according to a certain morality and will engage in
certain rites (such as prayer, processions, etc.)
 Religious Ethics
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^ This is ethics that has great influences from religious ideas
(moral ideas and religious values). It can be divided
according to the religion from which the values and ideas
that affect it are derived.
^ Practically, ethics is what raises thoughts and lines of
conduct from other religions, such as Muslim, Hindu, among
others.
 ETHICS THROUGH
WEATHER
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^ STOICISM
A first example, but with many nuances, of the mixture between
ethics and religion could be found in Stoic thought.
To give an example, Zeno of Citium will think that God is a
perfect material being, who ends up identifying with the world.
Stoic philosophy thus approaches a pantheism that will have
important influences on its ethics. If nature is God, man must
accept in an imperturbable way what it orders.
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^ MIDDLE AGES
Augustine of Hippo and Thomas Aquinas. The first will propose a
theological ethics, in which man's life must be oriented towards God.
Man must seek God through two paths: interiority and transcendence, and
will go through a process of progressive illumination, until achieving an
intimate encounter with God.
In the case of Thomas Aquinas, the influence of Aristotle will be much
more noticeable: Aquinas' ethics is above all a naturalistic ethics. God
has left the laws written in nature and human beings must limit
themselves to complying with them. Man must look to nature to know
how to behave, and behaviors that are unnatural must be prohibited and
avoided.
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^ RENAISSANCE, MODERNITY AND ENLIGHTENMENT
At the end of the Middle Ages, and coinciding with the entry of the
Renaissance, ethics and religion will begin to separate. When we
go from medieval geocentric societies to Renaissance
anthropocentric ones, the world also changes its dimension. It will
progressively cease to be a world tailored to God and become a
world tailored to man.
 C5
^ IMMANUEL KANT
When Kant tries to develop moral norms, which in his philosophy
will take the form of the categorical imperative, he aspires to base
them on human reason, to the point that his ethical proposal should
be valid even for a world of devils, as long as they were rational. .
It is enough to have the use of reason, or at least that is what Kant
aspires to.
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cR CONTEMPORARY PHILOSOPHY
To the critical approaches, Christian positions such as the personalism
of Mounier or the philosophy of Gabriel Marcel will also be added,
already in the 20th century. Both thinkers claim the recovery of a
Christian foundation for ethics, and God is understood as an essential
and necessary component to understand human beings and be able to
guide their behavior. After the Second World War, other proposals also
appear that advocate the recovery of religion, such as that of Max
Horkheimer himself, who after becoming disillusioned about the
capacity of reason to achieve the Enlightenment, turned his gaze to
spheres not strictly speaking. rational, like the Jewish religion.
Types of Religions and their
ethics
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GR Christian ethics
Christian ethics presupposes the existence of a divine being who
has dictated standards for moral behavior, considering that
human behavior is good if it is subject to those standards and bad
if it violates them.
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GR Jewish Ethics
Ethical principles are the center of national religion and culture.
Judaism does not require man to partially or completely depart
from human life to achieve perfection. In fact, human existence is
approved as it is, but series of demands are developed so that
duty is compatible with reality. It demands love of humanity,
benevolence and fights against impurity, selfishness and the
irrationality of man.
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GR Hindu Ethics
Among the moral precepts that Hindus must comply with is
respect for certain animals such as cows.
1. Widows cannot remarry
2. When you die you must be cremated
3. It is prohibited to eat animals and anything that comes from
an animal.
 C5
GR Islamic Ethics
The ethics of Islam is a contemplative and intellectual ethics, not
simply abstract, that wants to achieve happiness in this world and
in the next the vision of the Divine Lights. Therefore, the axis of
Islamic ethics is the knowledge of Allah and oneself, so it is not
an external object. Since by taking care of one's soul and
discovering it, one achieves goodness and happiness.
 (05
GR Atheist Ethics
Atheist ethics, on the other hand, are ethics formed by reflection
on what is just and unjust. The good person atheist acts well
because he intimately knows that it is the right thing to do and not
because any god orders him to do so.
 Thoughts
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^ Bertrand Russell: “I have traveled through quite a few
countries belonging to diverse cultures; In none of them
did they ask me about my religion, but in none of those
places did they allow me to steal, kill, lie or commit
dishonest acts.”
 Thoughts
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^ In this very graphic way Russell defended a thesis to which he
dedicated quite a bit of energy: without religion one can live;
Without ethics, no.
^ “There are chapters of ethics,” recognized Aranguren, the great
teacher of ethics in Spain, “that I would not know how to
address if, in some way, I did not do so from a religious
perspective.”
 Thoughts
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^ Feuerbach, the harshest critic of religion: “The true religion is
ethics”
^ Neo-Kantian Hermann Cohen “Religion has to dissolve into
ethics. What's more: a religion will be all the more true the
more it is capable of immolating itself and disappearing into
ethics.”
^ Manuel Fraijó “Ethics is autonomous, it does not depend on
religion; But you will win if you accept the valid impulses that
it offers you.”
By your attention
June, 2019