Nomenclature and Mathematical Concepts
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ScribdTranslationsNomenclature and Mathematical Concepts
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ScribdTranslationsNomenclature.
Set or system of names or terms used in some discipline.
Structured repertoire of terms specific to a specific discipline, organized according to standardized rules.
Inter
national System of Quantities (ISQ2). System of magnitudes based on the seven basic
magnitudes: length, mass, time, electric current, thermodynamic temperature, amount of
substance and luminous intensity.
International System of Units (SI System). System of units based on the International
System of Magnitudes, with names and symbols of the units, and with a series of prefixes
with their names and symbols, as well as rules for their use, adopted by the General
Conference of Weights and Measures (CGPM) .
R & R Studio
Measurement repeatability.
It is doing the same study with the same object
several times.
Measurement reproducibility.
It is doing the study with different objects several
times.
Appreciation (of an instrument). It is the smallest division that can be observed in a measuring
instrument.
Range (of an instrument). Limit of measurement values that an instrument is capable of
reading. The dimension being measured must fit within the range of the instrument.
Measurement error. It is defined as the difference between the measured value and the "true
value".
Systematic error. In this type of error the deviation of the measured value with respect to the
real one is always the same. If its origin is detected and discovered, it can be completely eliminated
from the final result.
Random error. In this type of error, the deviation of the measured value with respect to the real
value changes randomly from one measurement to another. It is also known as accidental or
statistical. This error cannot be corrected but it can be calculated to minimize it.
Uncertainty . When we take a measurement we will never have an Exact Real value of the
measurement, we always have an interval where the real measurement is located.
Barometer. The best-known pressure gauges are barometers, since they are used to measure
atmospheric pressure as an indicator of climate changes in any region.
Pressure gauge. It is a measuring instrument for the pressure of fluids contained in closed
containers.
Caliper or Vernier. It is an instrument for measuring lengths that allows readings in millimeters
and fractions of an inch, through a scale called Vernier or Vernier.
Micrometer. Instrument for measuring very small linear or angular quantities with great
precision.
MATHEMATICAL CONCEPTS USED IN METROLOGY.
Mathematics is divided into areas or fields of study.
*Arithmetic (the study of numbers).
BASIC CONCEPTS OF ARITHMETIC: Integers,
Rational numbers, Real numbers, Power, Radicals,
Logarithms
*Algebra (the study of structures).
BASIC CONCEPTS OF ALGEBRA: Equations,
Matrices, Operations with imaginary numbers.
Sum of squares Integral and differential calculus
*Geometry (the study of segments and figures).
BASIC CONCEPTS OF GEOMETRY: angles, geometric figures, areas and surfaces, volumes,
trigonometry, theorems
*Statistics (the analysis of data collected
BASIC STATISTICAL CONCEPTS: MODE, MEDIAN, MEAN, RANGE, VARIANCE, STANDARD
DEVIATION, HYPOTHESIS TEST, ANOVA TABLE, STATISTICAL CONTROL CHARTS.
Basic concepts of metrology.
Magnitude. Property of a phenomenon, body or substance, which can be expressed
quantitatively by means of a number and a reference.
Measurement. Process that consists of experimentally obtaining one or several values that can
reasonably be attributed to a magnitude.
Metrological traceability. Property of a measurement result by which the result can be related
to a reference through an uninterrupted and documented chain of calibrations.
