Characteristics of Magnetism
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ScribdTranslationsCharacteristics of Magnetism
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ScribdTranslationsCHARACTERISTICS OF MAGNETISM
All magnets have a polarity at their ends, which are called “North” and “South” (N and S) where the
force of the magnet is concentrated.
The North end of a magnet is determined by suspending a magnet on a string so that it points toward
magnetic North. This is because the earth has a magnetic field because it rotates in the same way as
electrons.
Magnets exhibit attraction and repulsion in the same way as charges, where “ opposite poles attract
and like poles repel” according to the law of magnetic force established by William Gilbert .
There are no isolated poles, no matter how many times you break a magnet in half, each resulting
piece will be a magnet with a north pole and a south pole electron.
MAGNETIC FORCE
The definition of magnetic force refers, therefore, to the dimension of electromagnetic forces related
to how charges that are kept in motion are distributed. These forces arise when charged particles
move, such as electrons . In the case of magnets, movement produces magnetic field lines that leave
and re-enter the body, generating magnetism.
The magnetic force is directed from one pole to the other. Each pole is a point where the lines of
magnetic force converge. Therefore, when two magnets approach each other, this force generates
an attraction between them as long as the poles are opposite. On the other hand, if the poles have
the same polarity, the force of magnetism will cause these magnets to reject each other.
Ampere's Law
An electric current produces a magnetic field, following Ampère's law.
In the physics of magnetism , Ampère's law , modeled by André-Marie Ampère in 1831, 1 relates a
static magnetic field to the cause, that is, a stationary electric current . James Clerk Maxwell later
corrected it and it is now one of Maxwell's equations , forming part of classical physics
electromagnetism .
Ampere's law explains that the circulation of the magnetic field intensity in a closed contour is
proportional to the current that runs through that contour.
The magnetic field is an angular field with a circular shape, whose lines enclose the current. The
direction of the field at a point is tangential to the circle that encloses the current.
The magnetic field decreases inversely with distance from the conductor.
MAGNETIC FIELD EFFECT AROUND SOME CONDUCTOR
Magnetic field lines around a long wire carrying an electric current form concentric circles around the
wire. The direction of the magnetic field is perpendicular to the wire and is in the direction that the
fingers of the right hand would point if they were wrapped around the wire, with the thumb pointing in
the direction of the current .
Magnetic flux
The magnetic flux is the product of the average magnetic field , multiplied by the perpendicular area it
passes through. It is an amount of convenience taken in establishing Faraday's law and in the study
of objects such as transformers and solenoids . In the case of an electric generator where the
magnetic field passes through a rotating coil, the area used in the definition of the flux is the
projection of the coil area on a plane perpendicular to the magnetic field.
