History of social work

Community
Jenny Batioja ID: 488647

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 Community social work
• Community social work is one of the three classic methods of intervention in
social work.
• It is a systematized modality that adapts to the process that indicates the way and
manner in which to act to cause the desired changes in the community.
• The first approach to community intervention was empirical and religiously
inspired, its purpose was to improve the social conditions of the depressed social
classes.
• Its initial origins were in 1920 in the United States and it began to emerge as a
profession.
• This method was accepted as a field of practice until 1962 in the United States.

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• 1765: Juan Luis Vives experiments with the Hamburg system in which
Begging and giving alms to beggars was prohibited.
• - The central office for indigent aid is created.
-Creation of the school for job training of the unemployed.
• 1805: Organization of Charity in Glasgow by Thomas Chalmers. -
Signalo said that help for the indigent should be based on observation and the
objective should be social improvement.
• 1816: Robert Owen creates Institution for the Formation of Character,
stable educational organization for young people and adults.
• 1825:Daniel Van der Heydt Adopts the idea of Tomas Chalmers, but developed
it in the German city of Elberfeid, which placed emphasis on prevention and
social rehabilitation

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 Robert Owen
Robert Owen's purpose was to reform capitalist society not only to improve the
living conditions of workers but above all to create a "new moral world" that
would regenerate society and transform the "nature" of man.
Owen considered capitalism to be the cause of community disagreements and
collapse.

• R.OWEN had the conviction that the environmental conditions and social
environment of the individual shaped his character.

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 He put his ideas into practice in a company called NEW LANARK

Robert Owen
using methods to improve the conditions of workers (salary
increases, reduced hours and decent housing). In 1816 he created the center
called: institutional for the formation of character, for the training of young
people and adults in a specific place and time. His ideas were taken up by the
working class and nascent trade union organizations and influenced the later
cooperative movement of the Rochdale pioneer society.

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 LA CHARITY ORGANIZATION SOCIETY COS
• In 1860, charitable entities to help the Indigent emerged. The COS (society for
the organization of charity) in which the social organization of the community
originates.
• One of his proposals stated that evils and poverty were caused by factors external
to the individual.
his great contributions:
• I began the first experiments in social action from which later models of
community organization would emerge.
• The founders of the COS maintained that indiscriminate charity was
inappropriate for two reasons:
• He encouraged begging
• It fragmented resources and made them inefficient.
• They believed that such help should provoke or encourage the independence of
the person being helped.

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 THE SETTLEMENT MOVEMENT
The settlement movement The first was founded by Canon Samuel Barnett, which he
called Toynbee Hall and which began operating in 1884. There they organized specific
activities in the field of medical aid, education (especially for adults), the organization and
operation of children's and youth clubs,
YOUR GREAT CONTRIBUTIONS
• Two basic principles inspired Toynbee Hall's operating modality: Problems are best
solved within the group; Giving an alternative for the resolution of collective problems.
• Organized groups compensate citizens for the feeling of isolation and loneliness that
the “industrial revolution” has brought with it.
• He decisively influenced the most recent theory and practice of community
organization as a scope and method of action of social work.

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 Community Wellbeing Councils
( Council of social agencies )
• They carried out social actions with the support and coordination of
community social institutions such as:
• The coordination of social welfare activities and cooperation between public
and private social agencies.
• The elevation and maintenance of service levels.
• The development of community leadership in the promotion of health and
well-being and social planning.
Following Friedlander, these institutions have been:
• The community assistance council.
• The community charity fund.
• The coordination council.
(• The neighborhood council.
• The exchange of social services.
• Individual social service organizations.

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 The Community Boxes
• CHARITY WORK ENDORSEMENT COMMITTES. sponsored by the chamber of
commerce and trade associations.

• In 1913, the first “community fund” was created in Cleveland at the initiative of Mayor N.
Barker.
• In a few years, fifteen capitals introduced “community fund” and “united funds” to:
subsidize health and social welfare services.
THE OBJECTIVES OF THE COMMUNITY BOXES WERE:
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• Seek the necessary funds for the operations and functioning of its member agencies.

• Propose an equitable and constructive distribution of the funds raised, so that the agencies
could better serve the interests of the population and extend
' adequately resources.

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New challenges of community social work
• Since the nineties there has been an attempt to be more realistic, to propose in
what way, how and with what specific projects the methodology can be
articulated in local action.
• We must reclaim the community sphere of social work, which represents a new,
different form of social intervention, which places emphasis on people and not
on people's needs and gives them back their possibilities of participation.
• Social workers are asked to train themselves as development agents that
facilitate participation, responsibility and solidarity.

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