GUIDE OF

SECURITY

Bc. Kristhian Javier Lara

Rodríguez
 INTRODUCTION

There is no doubt that every installation at all times is exposed

to risks and unforeseen situations, hence the need to adopt
security measures for the benefit of the
personnel, the installation itself and the material
that comprises it and is kept in it, for which
Those who have the mission of prevention and
protection must become familiar with the basic
principles of Physical Security. The main and
technical methods regarding security, personnel
control, disaster planning, instruction and training
of the assigned troops in their respective tasks to
be carried out.
 AIM

It consists of protecting all property within the limits of the establishment and
protecting employees and other people who are
within it. Preventing fires, sabotage, espionage, theft,
theft and negligence. Promoting safety, relations
between management and employees, public
relations, order in the establishment, goodwill,
discipline and company procedures.

DEFINITION OF
PHYSICAL SECURITY.

The physical protection of facilities consists of the application

of various measures that are designed and adopted to
preserve a facility, including the goods, materials, documents and people found therein. This
preservation is oriented with the purpose of avoiding the total or partial destruction of the
installation, the interference of unauthorized persons, the leak of information or documents of vital
interest, loss of objects or materials due to theft and theft, sabotage actions. , etc.
These actions can be conducted by enemy intelligence agents, thieves, spies, disgruntled
personnel, subversive elements, among others.
 FUNDAMENTAL OBJECTIVES

The fundamental objectives of physical protection in facilities are to maintain a safe environment for the
personnel who work there; as well as assets,
operational continuity and intellectual property.

To this end, periodic physical protection

inspections of the facilities must be taken into
account, which will help us evaluate the existing
security levels. These measures may vary from
installation to installation, but there must be a
constant factor: the protection measures must
be aimed at reinforcing the image of the
company and serving as a highly persuasive
element in relation to the existing risks and
threats.
 PURPOSE AND IMPORTANCE
OF PHYSICAL SECURITY
The purpose of physical security is to prevent the total
or partial destruction of a facility by saboteurs, thieves,
spies or any other person directed by subversive
elements who intend with their actions to create
confusion, insecurity and consternation within

The importance of physical security is

clear, we can say that it is important,
since tranquility, stability and I are
maintained. _g g _g — ggg — II a fl gag
 PHYSICAL SECURITY MISSION

It consists of protecting all property within the limits of the establishment and protecting
employees and other people who are within it. Preventing fires, sabotage, espionage, theft,
theft and negligence. Promoting safety, relations between management and employees, public
relations, order in the establishment, goodwill, discipline and company procedures.
 PHYSICAL SECURITY PLANNING

When faced with a need, there are two alternatives: either security measures
are adapted by selecting them arbitrarily, or systems are used that are subject to
prior decisions and strictly professional criteria, which are not so much left to whim
or chance.
Among the numerous advantages of
carrying out properly planned surveillance
work we can note the following:

■ Economy of Time.
■ Efficient Protection.
■ Personnel Economy.
 PHYSICAL SECURITY: PROTECT, INSPECT AND SAIL

Protects.

■ Monitoring conditions and irregular activities.

■ Correcting or reporting irregular conditions.
■ Allowing only authorized materials to enter or leave
the establishment.
■ Allowing authorized people to enter or leave the
establishment.
■ Enforcing the rules.
■ Providing service to management and employees.
■ Earning the respect
and goodwill of
employees, thus
preserving and
improving
relationships
Management –
EmnleAoos
 Physical Security: Protect, Inspect and Watch

■ Inspect, looking for:

Safety and fire risk.

Evidence of sabotage.
Waste of materials.
Theft of materials or employee belongings.
The introduction of incendiary material or explosives into the establishment.
Appropriate identification through badges, passes and material release orders.
Books, prints, indecent literature.
The use or transportation of intoxicating beverages or drugs.
Possession of firearms and other weapons.
Lights broken or turned on unnecessarily.
Important or reserved documents within reach of anyone.
Good domestic administration.
Doors and rooms not closed.
Misconduct within company property.
Disturbances that interfere with production.
Do not smoke in unauthorized places.
Cabinets or files that have been left open in areas
 Physical Security: Protect, Inspect and Watch

■ Candle, by observation of:

■ That fire fighting equipment, machinery and other equipment are not handled unnecessarily.
■ That no acts of sabotage or subversive activities are discussed.
■ Do not violate safety rules.
■ That intoxicating drinks or drugs should not be used during work
hours.
■ Do not carry weapons.
■ Maintain good conduct and not allow immoral or indecent behavior.
■ Do not play at random or encourage it within the company's property.
■ Do not use vulgar and indecent language.
■ That the company's belongings are not abused, nor are tools,
machinery or other equipment destroyed.
■ Do not smoke in prohibited places.
■ That there are no disturbances within the company.
■ That unhygienic conditions are not created.
■ Don't let rumors spread.
 Ten General Principles of Physical Protection

1. Protective measures must be aimed at preventing unauthorized access to the facilities. They must deter any unauthorized
access attempts; They must also detect and delay the presence of people planning or carrying out such attempts, at the same
time offering adequate time and response capacity to them.

2. It will be necessary to evaluate the installation taking into account:

- The importance of the environment in which the facility is located,
- Local or regional risks and threats to the facilities and the organization,
- The national security climate.

3. Protective measures alone will not provide adequate protection; They must
be supported by all the people who work there being aware of and exercising
their safety responsibilities.

4. It will also be necessary to classify the areas, materials, equipment and

resources, establishing priorities according to those that are the most critical and
vulnerable.

5. The means of protection used must not only be effective, they must also
appear to be effective, this will persuade criminals; Otherwise, they can cause
severe problems, compromising the safety of the installation.
 Ten General Principles of Physical Protection

6. The use of unpredictable protection measures is a

powerful deterrent to criminals.

7. The measures used must not only anticipate current scenarios; They must also
anticipate potential scenarios; If a serious situation arises in
the future, it will be too late and its implementation will be
more costly.

8. To optimize protection levels, it will be necessary to

incorporate the use of technologies, such as electronic
protection systems that allow the costs of the guard force to
be reduced.

9. The technology does not necessarily save guard force,

but it does optimize and enhance their current capabilities.

10. Critical materials and information must

 Protection measures
■ Active measures : They are carried out by man.

Example :
■ Surveillance, Observation and Inspections.
■ Identification, registration and control of people, packages and
vehicles for access control.
■ Patrol work.
■ Risk Assessments.

• Passive measures :

Example :
• Barriers (Perimetric fence).
• Protective lighting.
• Detection device (alarms) to detect intruders or fires.
• Key, combination or electronic closing mechanisms
(locks).
 Vulnerability

It is any disadvantageous situation that at any given time may exist

in a facility or protected area due to causes of omission, ignorance,
bad
procedures and non-observance in
relation to the established protection
standards, as well as failures of passive
protection measures (Barriers, Lighting,
Alarms, etc.), or unsafe conditions, which
will increase the possibility of some
natural or natural risk materializing.
artificial.

Risk

It is any condition or act that, when materialized, produces partial or total damage to a facility or
protected area.

Types of Risk :

■ Natural : (Natural phenomena themselves), earthquakes, tidal waves, earthquakes, hurricanes, floods,
natural fires, snowfall, etc.

■ Artificial : (Inherent to the action of man), theft, sabotage, espionage, attack on the facility, internal riots,
disturbances of public order, etc.
 Physical barriers.

Natural or artificial elements that are used in a specific

facility or area to prevent or delay an intruder's access to
them.

Barrier Types:

■ Natural.
■ Artificial.
■ Animals.
■ Human.
 Natural Barriers

■ Rivers
■ Cliff
■ deserts
■ Jungles
■ Sands
Moveable
 Artificial Barriers

■ Fences (Linked, barbed wire, concertina

wires, bars, steel bars, live or vegetal).
■ Walls, ramparts, reinforced wall . Its limitation is that the
protection forces
cannot observe
outside; To
guarantee security,
exterior patrolling or
closed circuit TV
cameras are used.
 Artificial Barriers

■ Sentry boxes or observation towers . It is used to give the

protection force a greater visual range; helped with binoculars,
spyglass, long vision. So that at a given moment they can give
a timely alert.
Artificial Barriers
 Artificial Barriers

■ Electronic :
Alarm devices, these
must be visible, so
that they have a
psychological -
deterrent effect, as in
the case of CCTV
Cameras.
 Artificial Barriers
Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) Cameras .
These devices view outside the facility or protected
area; there are CCTV cameras with night vision.
The visualization depends on the range and scope
of the radius of action, the cost, quality and
technology of the CCTV Camera depends there.
Artificial Barriers
■ Protective Lighting : It is
used as a passive installation
measure, a system made up of a
series of artificial lighting units,
whose basic purpose is to
replace natural light during
hours of darkness and limited
clarity, supporting the
Protection Force. in the
fulfillment of the functions
assigned to him.
 Animal Barriers

The guard dog collaborates with the physical

protection of the facilities, creates fear of the
intruder, the dog issues a timely alert about the
entry of intruders, spies, saboteurs and
thieves. The dog is an advantage when
weather conditions are not favorable, since in
many cases the Protection Force does not
patrol when rain, snow or other conditions
occur. The Guard dog must be trained isolated
from the movement of people, since it is
distracted and will not fulfill its function. Some
petroleum products, used by intruders, can be
used to make the dog lose its sense of smell.

Human Barriers.

■ The Protection Force, Security Officers, Security Guards, among others. The Surveillance
Corps must create deterrent signs to guarantee security, for example, a sign:
“CAUTION, MINEFIELD” or “THIS INSTALLATION IS BEING MONITORED BY CCTV
24 HOURS” , the information allows delaying access to the intruder, it is a psychological
barrier. The presence of man as a guard of the facility is the most important resource in
security, it is the one that creates the greatest psychological deterrent effect on intruders.
 SECURITY AND/OR SURVEILLANCE OFFICER

The security officer is a person who carries out a

specific job during a period of time whose
obligation is to take care of goods and properties
located in the area demarcated for surveillance
in order to prevent damage, theft, theft, fire or
destruction. Therefore, you must have full
knowledge of your work, in addition to
developing the ability to handle any abnormal
situation that arises and know where and how to
get help if you need it.
DUTIES OF SURVEILLANCE PERSONNEL

■ Prevent illegal entry.

■ Prevent Theft.

■ Prevent violation of company rules and ordinances.

■ Prevent fires, and in case of them we raise the alarm and act as necessary.

■ Be attentive to risks that affect industrial safety and account for them immediately.

■ Know the location of the nearest first aid, medical, and firefighting equipment.

■ Become familiar with the geography of the establishment so that you are able to
guide and direct people.

■ Enforce all safety and security and vehicle parking rules.

Pass control and Badges:

■ Ensure that badges are worn on employees' outer clothing so that they are visible at all times.
■ Make sure that everyone wears the badge when they are inside the establishment.
Make sure all visitors have a special pass when they enter the establishment.
DUTIES OF SURVEILLANCE PERSONNEL
Take care all official staff administrator wear the badge when they are in the
that interior
d Office of
The
security

Identification of vehicles and people.

Identification of vehicles and people is one of the important things in the facility's
security plan.

The identification techniques are:

■ Prepare means for the identification of people who have permission to enter and exit
security areas.
■ Facilitate the control of entries, exits and circulation of people.
■ Provide visible means of prompt recognition.
DUTIES OF SURVEILLANCE PERSONNEL
■ Vehicle control.

Vehicles that enter and leave the company regularly must be registered.

The vehicles of vendors or suppliers that frequent the company must have a valid permit on the set days.
Private passenger vehicles must park outside the controlled area but under supervision.

Security officers must take note of any abnormality in vehicles parked in their corresponding control area.
Instead of supporting written instructions received, all vehicles

▪ Suitcase.
▪ The boss
▪ The cups.
▪ The control board.
▪ Under the seats.
Spare rubber. ien
or at
DUTIES OF SURVEILLANCE PERSONNEL
Control of people.

■ When giving passes or badges to new employees, it is important to give them an orientation about it
and it should include.

▪ Authorization and limit of use.

▪ Details of: how, when and where they will be used.
▪ Identification requirements when entering and leaving the
areas.
▪ The means of identification must be effective, and must
include the procedure to follow in case of loss, damage or
falsification.

■ In the event that an employee or worker loses his or her pass or

card, a note must be taken and asked where he or she may
have lost it, and it must be filed within a certain period of time.
DUTIES OF SURVEILLANCE PERSONNEL
Visit control.

In the case of identification, control, admission and circulation of visitors in a facility, it will depend on the
company's level of security.

The manager has the authority and reason to restrict the admission and
control the circulation of visitors, following the suggestion of the security
personnel, who will escort them to the office where they are going, taking
care of their suspicious attitudes.

The control must contain, depending on the type of installation, the

following items:

■ Name.
■ Address: (home or business).
■ Check-in or check-out time.
■ Purpose of the visit.
■ Name of the person visited.
■ Name of the person authorizing the visit.
■ Arrival and departure time of the person who has been visited.
■ Signature of the person visited.
DUTIES OF SURVEILLANCE PERSONNEL
PATROLING

■ Have a defined purpose when going to each office and area.

■ Use your senses: hearing, sight, smell, touchand the taste.
■ Don't make rounds with the security of a clock, good it is about
accuracy or of the route followed is not desirable that people
Set your clocks when you appear and know how long it will take you to appear again.
■ Look at things with a structuring eye.
■ Be alert to the dangers that threaten you at night.
■ Day and night, always have a good flashlight on hand.
■ Thoroughly review each restricted area on every round.
■ Inspect all barriers to see if any attempts have been made to cut, penetrate or
tunnel under them.
■ Check for foreign objects placed near the barriers on the inside or outside side,
which could be used to climb over them or used to commit an act of
sabotage.
■ From time to time, stop on your rounds and take cover in the shadows to
observe what is happening behind you.
■ Get to know the employees and the shifts they work. Examine anyone,
including employees, who appears to have no reason to be in the area.
 DUTIES OF SURVEILLANCE PERSONNEL
Patrol:

■ Know the vehicles they park regularly.

■ Look closely for any signs that could indicate a robbery attempt.

■ Look over your head when you make your rounds.

■ If you suspect that a person has hidden in the building

Slam all doors, when entering a room or room keep the flashlight away from your body.

■ When on night patrol, make sure you are prepared to handle the situation that arises.

■ In case of emergency, keep all roads clear.

■ Protect all government and company belongings you

is visible, as well as the personal belongings of the company's employees.

■ Become familiar with the latest special general orders issued in relation to your service position.

■ Report any unusual events you observe to your superiors.

■ Call your immediate superior, in any case that is not provided for in the orders

■ Detain all suspicious or disruptive persons, and those who appear to be under the influence of
intoxicating beverages or drugs.

■ If you receive any order from any authorized company or government official, immediately call your
superior, im FA rm A I A I - ArNAm rAcikin- \/ c A I ici +A ArNAnAe mi ci - I A c
DUTIES OF SURVEILLANCE PERSONNEL
LOCKS AND KEYS.

■ Report all defective horseshoes.

■ Report mistreatment of locks or structures and abuse thereof.
■ Make sure all latches are secure, they are, and report when they are left open.
■ If the locks are found to be open, close them. If a lock is found open frequently, report it to the main
office for investigation.
■ When you open a lock for a person to pass, be sure that said person has authorization to enter and
report the fact, giving the name of the person admitted and any other
necessary information.
■ Do not leave the security post key abandoned in places where it can be
taken by unauthorized people.
■ Watch for locks that can be opened by inserting the blade of a knife or
similar tool.
■ Carefully check all locks in necessary places.
DUTIES OF SURVEILLANCE PERSONNEL
CRIME SCENE PROTECTION.

■ When a crime has been committed on company property, it is imperative that the security officer on duty
immediately take the necessary measures to protect the scene of the crime.
■ In the event of a crime, officers will not investigate the area.
■ The security officer must refrain from touching any evidence in the crime scene area and must prevent
unauthorized persons from touching such evidence.
■ The nature of the crime and the type of evidence that was at the scene requires that the security officer be
extremely careful when moving through it so as not to erase or destroy
the traces and evidence of the crime.
■ Officers will fence off with security tape, or otherwise isolate the affectedCRUMESCENEDONO
T CROSS
area and any access or escape routes that may be used.
■ No one should be allowed to enter or leave the area until the competent
security agencies (Security - National Police) arrive.
■ Obtain the names and addresses of all possible witnesses to provide to
the appropriate investigative agency.

Y
o
DUTIES OF SURVEILLANCE PERSONNEL
ROUTES (ROUTES AND ROUNDS).

■ Generally there are two factors of utmost importance to carry out good plant protection which must be
carefully developed: the routes and the registration system. The
person in charge of that jurisdiction must be consulted to
develop a plan of appropriate routes to the plant or construction.
■ The route must be conveniently studied in such a way that the
security officer, when making his rounds, completely passes
through the established area. You should not be forced to return
except in those cases where it is necessary, you should not take
routes over bridges, elevators, stairs, etc., the total route length
should not be more than 40 minutes.
■ Officers must make their rounds every hour during the day as
well as every hour during the night.
■ The first round is of utmost importance and during this round a
detailed and thorough inspection of the places and part of the
area that has been assigned must be carried out.
■ Any condition that could cause fire or any
 Degrees of Restriction
It is feasible that in all areas that make up a facility, there is a degree of visual or strategic importance and
therefore will require the same degree of restriction and control, as far as protection is concerned. However, in
most cases it is very common for facilities to have areas that, due to their importance and the activities carried
out there and the material assets found there, require the application of different protection measures. And
control. This existing situation in the facilities results in different degrees of restriction, which at the same time
will give rise to different types of restricted areas.
 restricted

They are those areas whose access and movement

within them is subject to certain restrictions or special
control measures for security reasons. They are
established with the purpose of safeguarding the
exclusive or classified goods and materials found
there, as well as protecting the activities that are
carried out there, of vital importance to the
organization.
 restricted
Restricted areas are classified as:

EXCLUSION AREA: In a restricted area where there is a protection interest of such magnitude and importance that, if access to this area by unauthorized
persons occurs, it would be equivalent to access to the security interests that are to be achieved there or to the same material found in said area.
This type of area is where the maximum degree of restriction is established.
This can also be called an area that contains security interests of such vital importance that the simple approach
to it by an unauthorized person would represent access to the same security interests or to the materials and
goods found there.
Normally in these areas documents and information of vital importance for the security and defense of a country
or of vital importance for an organization are handled.

LIMITED AREA: It is a restricted area where there is a protection interest, in which the uncontrolled movement of
people will allow access to this protection interest. However, access to the material protected there can be
prevented through the use of escorts and other internal control measures.

CONTROLLED AREA: It is a restricted area that is normally located in a place adjacent to a limited area and
where the control measures for access to it are less limited; It is special for Authorized Personnel whose

AREA
movement is not necessarily controlled, because this area does not provide access to the protection interests or
to the materials, documents and information that exist and are managed in the limited and exclusion areas.
However, due to the fact that it is a restricted area, it is subject to certain security measures.

“Finally, experience has taught us that

no measure can guarantee protection RESTRICTE
D
against determined individuals or organized groups
who have the time and the necessary information, so
as well as the willingness to undertake a
 criminal activity against any organization or
person.
But the application of this knowledge undoubtedly
will help us reduce the chances of
idea; and if it happens, minimize its frequency,
impact and severity. Miguel Ángel González 2008.”