Special Crime Investigation with Legal Medicine (CDI2)

Asynchronous Task No. 1

Name: Ballais, Chrislyn

Year and Section: CRIM3-A

Forensic science is the application of scientific knowledge for the settlement of legal
issues, both criminal and civil, since the word "forensic" means "pertaining to, or used in courts."
Though there are numerous differing interpretations of the term "forensics," it is sometimes used
synonymously (short form) with "forensic science." According to Morgan. Forensic scientists
study and analyze evidence from crime scenes and other locations to produce objective results
that can aid in the investigation and prosecution of criminals, or clear an innocent person of
suspicion.

A criminal DNA database's primary goal is to generate hits to STR sequences between stored
DNA profiles of suspects, convicted offenders, victims, and DNA evidence collected at a crime
scene, as permitted by national legislation. It is stated that about 69 countries presently run
national forensic DNA databases; others are being expanded or established in at least 34 more
countries. (Machado H, Silva S. 2019). DNA is an effective investigative tool since, with the
exception of identical twins, no two persons have the same DNA. As a result, DNA evidence
acquired at a crime scene can be connected to a suspect or rule out a suspect entirely.

The definition of killing a newborn child is the intentional failure to provide for the fetus, resulting
in its death, or the loss of the child's soul by any kind of violence. In order to respond to the
inquiries made by the investigating judge, the forensic physician must look for the elements of
the crime, such as: Was the body really that of a newborn, After birth, did he survive or not, How
long was his life before he passed away, What was the reason for the baby's death, and was it
assault or negligence that made it illegal. Tawfeq, M. (2019)

Additionally, bruises—blue marks caused by blood vessel ruptures at the skin's layer
level—allow one to determine the location and date of violence by identifying the color, shape,
and type of weapon employed in the injury. (Review, 2019). A bruise could indicate potential
objects that produced it. The forensic investigation field finds great value in "patterned" bruises,
and obtaining sufficient documentation is crucial to maximizing the evidence's potential for
identifying the cause.

Given the limitations of medical evidence in determining specific events, such as the manner of
death, forensic medical professionals may be convinced by their knowledge of pertinent or
irrelevant contextual information and past medical history. (I.E. Dror, D.A. Wolf, G. Phillips, S.
Gao, Y. Yang, S. Drake). When determining the seriousness of an offense, the amount of
damage, and the veracity of a claim, medical evidence can be extremely important.

Incorrect or inappropriate contextual information may lead to mistakes in determining the

method of death. These mistakes could lead to a wrongful conviction and waste police
resources. On the other hand, they can incorrectly conclude that no inquiry is necessary, which
might let a murder go unreported. Contextual information's influence is contingent not only on its
content but also on other cognitive aspects, including the source, mode, and timing of its
delivery (e.g., the order in which information is presented can influence the generation of
expectations and hypotheses). It is important to think about what, how, and when to employ
contextual knowledge because of its significance and influence on expert decision-making in
general and forensic pathology in particular. (I.E. Dror, J. Kukucka) Insufficient Evidence or
information is a determination (judgement) made by an appeals court or trial judge that the case
has to be dismissed because the prosecution or plaintiff has not provided enough evidence to
meet the standard of proof in this type of process.

These "amendments" to the medico-legal documentary should aim to clarify the definitions of
terms and concepts related to involving or forbidding a hypnologist's participation in forensic
investigative actions that use hypnosis to obtain evidence; for example, the Georgian legislation
expressly forbids hypnosis. As a result, these legal innovations will guarantee the application of
the right to human health, provide a "psychotherapeutic impetus" to rid law enforcement
agencies of the practice of using hypnosis to obtain evidence in court, and satisfy fundamental
international standards and guidelines in the fields of law and healthcare. (Osmolian V,
Avsievich A, Parandiy V, Okhman O, Loginova N.)

Research into a variety of crimes requires the application of medical knowledge. These days,
there are many different ways to use medical knowledge in criminal investigations. These
include having doctors consult with investigators, engage in investigative procedures as
specialists, and assist in recreating a deceased person's face for identification purposes
according to Yaremchuk
This study looks into whether the more activity there has been, the more effectively forensic
science has been applied. 36 papers that have examined the application of forensic science in
the investigation of high-volume crimes that were published (mostly in England and Wales)
since the 1980s were systematically reviewed. These reports have revealed some recurring
issues that affected the efficiency with which forensic science was applied in investigations.
(Ludwig A, Fraser J)

CSI involves a forensic pathologist or medical examiner in addition to the official principally in
charge of the inquiry, and it is a sophisticated act that reconstructs the dynamics that dictated a
crime and the circumstances of its realization (Hanzlick R., Combs D.)
Virtual evidence conservation can be seen as the gathering and computer preservation of crime
scene data. In actuality, a computer may be used at any moment to examine every object for
further analysis. (Cunha R.R., Arrabal C.T., Dantas M.M., Bassaneli H.R.)

Through dense point clouds, complicated scenes can be quickly and geometrically recreated
with a laser scanner. Last but not least, managing the photos produced by 3D LSs is simple
(e.g., email sharing with consultants and coworkers). Forensic medicine and scientific research
frequently require higher resolution than 2D projection. (Baier W., Norman D.G., Donnelly M.J.,
Williams M.A.)

On the other hand, laser scanning provides a more thorough perspective of the geometry of the
entire crime/accident scene, while photogrammetry is better at focusing on the minute details of
the objects in the crime scene. Before the environment is disrupted, any method can be used to
capture a scene just after a crime or disaster has occurred. (Sieberth T., Dobay A., Affolter R.,
Ebert L.C.)

The official in charge of the difficult task of reconstructing the dynamics of a crime scene in a
CSI is the forensic pathologist or medical examiner. (Wieczorek T., Przyłucki R., Lisok J.,
Smagór A.)

Fixing or freezing the crime scene, gathering traces, conducting technical evaluations, gathering
biological samples, identifying the deceased (by autopsy), and keeping CSI records are the
primary goals of forensic medicine. (Wieczorek T., Przyłucki R., Lisok J., Smagór A.)

Photographs, notes, drawings, electrostatic lifting or casting, field forms, and video footage are
some of the conventional techniques used to record a death scene. The 3D LS could be a
different, additional way to record ephemeral evidence. By acquiring volumetric pixels, or voxels,
of the measured object, methods for processing precise internal 3D data are referred to as
"three-dimensional imaging." High-resolution digital photographs of three dimensions can be
produced by 3D imaging; LSs come in portable and fixed versions. (Wang J., Li Z., Hu W., Shao
Y., Wang L., Wu R., Ma K., Zou D., Chen Y.)
References

Baier W., Norman D.G., Donnelly M.J., Williams M.A. Forensic 3D Printing from Micro-CT for Court
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Cunha R.R., Arrabal C.T., Dantas M.M., Bassaneli H.R. Laser Scanner and Drone Photogrammetry: A
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