________________ PUNO HIGHER TECHNICAL SCHOOL _____________________

"THE CITY AND THE DOGS"

BY MARIO VARGAS LLOSA.

INTRODUCTION.
In the following work the life and work of the Peruvian writer will be revealed.
Mario Vargas Llosa which is titled “The City and the Dogs”, analyzing
elements of the narrative such as: the characters, both in their physical appearance
as psychological, the narrator, space and time, this work was written in
1962 and won the Brief Library Award and the Critics' Award. The argument
It is about some young people and their life within the military school in Lima, Peru.
Therefore, literature can be defined as the most striking expression of the
human feeling. The subject is fundamentally based on the analysis and
practical commentary on literary texts. The comparative analysis of
author and work, as well as the study of the relationships of the literary text with other
aesthetic manifestations.
The variety of content has led me to have extra time to,
Thus, in this way, the research work is effective, innovative and
precise sources to strengthen other researchers.

JOB OBJECTIVES
The research and analysis work is aimed mainly at my parents.
who are in heaven, which will also help those young people
who are heading towards education, such as students, university students and
men who love literature and their country.
Men or women who, like me, do everything possible to improve themselves in life without
care about the obstacles and setbacks that come your way
of the life.

JUSTIFICATION.-
The reasons why I have analyzed and read this work is because Mario Vargas
Llosa is a notable writer, an original writer who belongs fully to the
literature, not to the media, nor to the market, nor to entertainment of any kind.
There is no need for reasons to justify its reading. The justification
complete of his reading is his writing, his mastery of the narrative art, his grace
literary. Now we are big fans of theoretical justifications, of
jargon and gibberish, which everyone tries to use and which not everyone understands.
I am interested in his ideology, his way of thinking and the perspective he has of the
misfortunes of life, the sufferings, decisions, and pains that we can
pass.

PNP STUDENT: YUCRA CAYRA DAVID

 ________________ PUNO HIGHER TECHNICAL SCHOOL _____________________

BIOBIBLIOGRAPHICAL ASPECT.
1.1. AUTHOR INFORMATION.-
Born in the Peruvian city of Arequipa, in 1936, Mario Vargas Llosa did not know
his father until he was ten years old. His parents had been separated since his
birth, and the reunion episode would definitively affect the destiny of
this child, who did not want to exchange his mother's pampering for strict discipline.
This circumstance soon made him discover something that he himself usually considers as
second great motive for his existence: the desire for freedom. (Years later he would reflect
masterfully those conflicts in the novel that made him internationally known,
The city and the dogs, with which he would obtain the Biblioteca Breve and the
Criticism, in Spain, during 1963).
The first experiences with writing came through his work as
columnist in several local newspapers in Lima and Piura, he had barely finished the
school. Convinced that his is the world of words, he returns to Lima to
study Letters and Law, at the University of San Marcos, in 1953.
Shortly after, he entered into a love relationship with his aunt-in-law, Julia Urquidi, with
who married in 1955, and with whom he traveled to Europe in search of the land that
considered more stimulating for his already determined writing career.
Mentioning these biographical data is of interest because all of them have contributed
largely in the plots, characters and arguments of some of his great
novels, such as The Green House (1966), set in the sordid atmosphere and
surprising around a brothel in Piura; Conversation in the Cathedral (1969),
which recreates the oppression of the Odría dictatorship in student environments, and La
aunt
Julia and the writer (1977), a controversial autobiographical fiction about his first
marriage.
Mario Vargas Llosa arrived in Spain in 1958 with a study scholarship. But your
The goal was Paris, where he settled a year later. After six years in this city and now
Separated from Julia Urquidi, Mario Vargas Llosa marries his cousin Patricia in Lima
Llosa, in 1965, and with her he embarked on the trip to Europe again. Paris, London and
Barcelona were, until 1974, his places of residence. The author continues to prefer
the anonymity that London provides him to continue his specific task of writing.
Vargas Llosa also continues to work as a literary critic, press columnist and
playwright Some of his most valuable books in this field are his analyzes
literary: Gabriel García Márquez: story of a deicide (1971), The perpetual orgy:
Flaubert and Madame Bovary (1975) and Battle Letter for Tirant lo Blanc (1991); the
collections of articles, Against Wind and Tide and Challenges to Freedom (1994), and its
memoir The Fish in the Water (1993).
Currently, after his participation as a candidate for the presidency of Peru in
1990, Vargas Llosa dedicates himself fully to literature, which combines
eventually with the articles he publishes in El País.
Among the most important distinctions he has received only among those granted to the
literature in the Spanish language include the Rómulo Gallegos award (1967), the Prince
of
Asturias (1986), shared with Rafael Lapesa el Planeta (1993), with the novel Lituma
in the Andes, and Cervantes (1994).
Naturalized Spanish in 1993, Mario Vargas Llosa added, since January 1996, to his
activity as a plural writer that of being a member of the Royal Academy, where he had
entered with a speech about Azorín. Since then, its presence in Spain has been
makes every day more common.

PNP STUDENT: YUCRA CAYRA DAVID

 ________________ PUNO HIGHER TECHNICAL SCHOOL _____________________

II. STRUCTURAL ASPECT OF THE WORK.

Argument.-

The story begins, talking about the treatment given to a group of cadets from
4th year at the “Leoncio Prado” Military School. To begin with, the hierarchy was notorious
established in said center, due to its military style, but it reached such levels
that the 3rd and 4th years were called “dogs” since they were virtually treated
like dogs. There was a kind of humiliation that the 5th grade cadets practiced
year that consisted of stripping them naked and making them “fuck” each other.
During the time that this was happening, the mountain man Cava stole a chemistry exam
because
they didn't know anything. When it was the Jaguar's turn to be baptized, it got into a fight
with
all and did not allow them to lay a hand on them. With this movement of
Jaguar, the others also wanted to start a kind of revolution against 5to,
forming a group called “El Círculo”, which worked perfectly, making
pass Cain's for a long time to the 5th graders, until Lieutenant Gamboa
decided to dissolve them. For the theft of the exam, and a fight that those from
4th and 5th, were recorded. Ricardo “The Slave” Arana, was in love with a
girl from Lince, named Teresa. He was too calm to escape from
school, so he asked Alberto “El Poeta” Fernández, as a favor, to stop by
where she, since I hadn't heard from her for a long time.
When Alberto went to deliver the message, he fell in love with her too, finally taking her
away and
finally to the poor slave. By the time these events happened, he had gone to the 5th
year, and there was a new, much smaller circle, consisting only of the Boa,
he Jaguar, the Rulos and the Serrano. Arana became desperate, and was eager to speak
with
Teresa, so she decided to say who it was that stole the exam, that is, the mountain man,
to
that they would release the password. Because of this, Serrano was expelled from the
College, and
Jaguar wanted to avenge his expulsion, since he did not pass on the snitches.
He found a golden opportunity, in a practice assault, in which he deliberately
He shot him in the head, fell down, and died.
after three days. This greatly hurt the slave's only friend,
say Alberto, and even more so because he stole his wife, so he decided to blow all
the rapes that happened in the stables. He went on to claim that the Jaguar was the
killed, but not having tangible evidence, they simply stayed with the hypothesis of
that he killed himself by accident. Then the entire block fell on top of the Jaguar
calling him a gossip, but he did not say that it was Alberto, because he was not a gossip,
and yet, him confessing that he murdered Arana, the case was closed and he simply
It was like this, the year was over and everyone went home. In the end, Alberto, instead of
stay with Teresa, he stood her up and went with his previous lover to the
entered the Leoncio Prado, called Marcela, and the Jaguar returned to his home, and
married
with his lifelong love, Teresa.

PNP STUDENT: YUCRA CAYRA DAVID

 ________________ PUNO HIGHER TECHNICAL SCHOOL _____________________

Scenario or environment.-
The play takes place at the militarized Leoncio Prado School, which is based
in the experiences that the author had when he studied at said school.
“My father thought that Leoncio Prado would make a man of me. For me it was discovering
the
horror...At home, no one touched my hair, the soldiers kicked me...It was
They kicked each other!, says the protagonist Alberto.

Characters and role they play.-

Main characters .-

JAGUAR
PORFIRIO CAVA
BOA
CURLERS
POET
SLAVE:RICARDO ARANA

Secondary characters.-

LIEUTENANT GAMBOA
TERESA
CAPTAIN GARRIDO
MARCELA
LIEUTENANT REMIGIO HUARINA
SKINNY FIGUERAS
VALLANO

Jaguar: Head of the group that had been formed which was called “the Circle”,
son of workers and from a humble family, he had a strong character and they respected
him, they did not
They didn't like traitors or fearful ones.

Porfirio Cava: They called him “serrano”, a cadet with a very negative personality and
belongs to the “circle.” He was expelled from school for stealing a test.
chemistry, Jaguar wants to avenge his expulsion since it was due to a tip-off.

Boa: He is a cruel and sadistic cadet, he has relations with a dog. integrated the
Jaguar group, and did everything he ordered. He sold cigarettes and liquor
inside the school.

Curls: Another member of the Circle and executor of the Jaguar's mandates.

PNP STUDENT: YUCRA CAYRA DAVID

 ________________ PUNO HIGHER TECHNICAL SCHOOL _____________________

Poet: Alberto Fernández, is the narrator of the story. He doesn't like life
military, and is the character who is most aware of the injustices committed
their companions, among themselves, and also those committed by the army.
He has the nickname "The Poet", because to get some money, he writes
erotic novels and love letters for his classmates' girlfriends.

Slave: Ricardo Arana. He was a shy and fearful young man, very quiet, he didn't care.
he liked to look for problems with others; He is murdered for betraying the
cluster. He was in love with Teresa.

Lieutenant Gamboa: Instructor at the Military School, he was very upright and strict, not
Believe in nothing and no one. In the novel it represents honesty. They transfer him to
the Puna for defending Alberto's statements about the murder of
Slave.

Teresa: She was in love with the poet for a time. She was dating him
slave who fell in love with her, but in the end she stays with the Jaguar who
He had been her lover 6 years ago.

Captain Garrido: Try to clean up the name of the School, although this
means not solving the death of a cadet.

Marcela: Girl who belongs to a wealthy family, falls in love with the
poet with whom he has a stable relationship, studies in the US and it is only seen with
Alberto during the holidays.

Lieutenant Remigio Huarina: School Instructor, represented in the novel

to the bureaucrat.

Flaco Higueras: Jaguar's neighborhood friend, he is going to become his friend

closest when leaving school.

Negro Vallano: Classmate from the Military School, he was the point of ridicule and
ironies because of its color.

Plot.-
The central plot of the novel is as follows. The Circle, headed by the Jaguar,
He sends one of his own to steal the chemistry exam. The theft is detected by
officers and fifth-year cadets are punished with no weekend leave until
let the thieves be discovered. Arana, the “Slave”, betrays the thief, in order to get out
to see Teresa, a girl with whom he had fallen in love, but whom his friend already
“Poet” fell in love. After a few months, during military maneuvers, Arana dies,
in unclear circumstances. The Poet suspects the people of the Circle, whom
accuses Gamboa of everything that happens in the stables (theft of exams, sale of
cigarettes, bringing in liquor, school breaks). An investigation is launched into the
alleged murder of the Slave, due to pressure from Gamboa but, later,
the Poet is pressured to rectify his statements and the investigation

PNP STUDENT: YUCRA CAYRA DAVID

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is archived
.
Issue.-

“The authoritarian systems of military education.”

The topic revolves around life at the Leoncio Prado Military School that involved
literally a “dog” school start. “Baptisms”, fights, relationships happen.
of power, friendship, loyalty and disloyalty, etc. The traps and miseries that
They are a secret that is very well protected by the rigidity of military discipline.
It is also a frontal attack on the misconception of manhood, its functions and
the consequences of a poorly understood military education.

Facts or episodes.
a. Main Facts.-

 Gamboa discovers that someone stole the exam questions at night, and
He also broke a window. Then he confines the students of the last year
not to leave until the person responsible is discovered. The Slave can't stand it
more and in the end he ends up revealing the culprit. Cava, which belonged to the circle,
was expelled.
 During a shooting practice outing, Gamboa forms formations to
climb a mountain, but at the moment of the maneuver, a student falls to the ground
still. It was Ricardo Arana. He is seriously injured.
 Alberto decides to expose the entire circle, who had acted for almost three years
without
arouse suspicion, in revenge for the death of the Slave. Gamboa does not
believe it at first but when he sends an inspection of the closets of the
students, realize the truth.

b. Secondary Facts.-

 Alberto steals a sack for himself. A friendship begins. Alberto asks him to borrow
the twenty soles in exchange for letters for his “girlfriend.”
 Teresa, in the role of a naive and naïve teenager, as she appears in
the story of Jaguar, hopes that Ricardo Arana takes it to the cinema and instead
Alberto appears with the message.

c. Outcome or Final.-

In the long run everyone becomes involved in acts of silence, therefore, the case is settled.
closed and the investigation is not reopened.
Alberto is prevented from continuing with his investigations and not even Lieutenant
Gamboa
can do anything, even he is promoted, thus forgetting the initial support he gave him
to the poet. The campus authorities, in order to silence the poet, threaten to show him
his parents the pornographic novels that he wrote and that at the same time were sold
by his classmates.
The poet remained silent and thus the death of cadet Ricardo Arana “the slave” was
avoided.

PNP STUDENT: YUCRA CAYRA DAVID

 ________________ PUNO HIGHER TECHNICAL SCHOOL _____________________

Literary genre.-
Due to its way of focusing on the poetic function of language, this work belongs to the
genre
narrative and the species: novel.
With this novel, Vargas Llosa contributes the following to contemporary narrative:
- Application of cinematographic technique.
- Multiple narrative planes.
- Neorealism, however, endowed with inner poetry
- Customs wrapped in a dynamic that distances it from all regionalism.

OBJECTIVE CRITICISM OF THE AUTHOR AND HIS WORK.-

4.1. Critical comment to the author.-

From an objective perspective the author shows a reality of intrigues and betrayals
experiences, and sufferings, etc.; That is to say, I like the way he writes because
done very simply.

4.2. Criticism regarding the formal work.-

It is evident that the criticism will be, of the abuse that the cadets were exposed to, by the
same
military, and by students of higher grades, and like these, in order to survive,
They had to resort to violence, and breaking the rules.

4.3. Criticism of the theme of the work.-

I agree with the theme of the work because it is done with a lot of magic and
nature; That is, he is very clear in expressing his experiences at the School.
Military.

4.4. General criticism of the work.-

I agree with Vargas Llosa's position, since in his novel he worries the
spirits and awakens the desire for renewal; It does not seem to us that the author's attitude
be that of a pessimistic, desolate, fatalistic and frustrating philosophy. The writer's goal
as an artist, it is to clarify the hidden truth.

4.5. Recreation of the work.-

The work has been written intelligently and realistically based on the experience he had
author in his adolescence, based on the authoritarianism of the teaching systems
military and the capacity for rebellion against those same authoritarian schemes in the
years
sixty.

PNP STUDENT: YUCRA CAYRA DAVID

 ________________ PUNO HIGHER TECHNICAL SCHOOL _____________________
The recreation of this work is what he experienced in his school years that occurs in the
final years of high school.

CONCLUSION.-

“The City and the Dogs” manages to reflect how difficult it is for a teenager (any
person in general) adapt to the world around him, even more so if it is corrupted and
devastated. Everything, to find a conviction capable of maintaining that fight
day by day with the harsh reality.
It is also clear that the environment sooner or later affects, to a small or large extent,
the identity of the characters. Nobody goes unnoticed about the events that surround
them,
both adolescents (cadets) and older people. The case of Lieutenant Gamboa
perfectly reflects what many older people feel, seeing the gradual
loss of moral values in society, which daily falls deeper
in the pit of destruction.
It is a story that keeps attention. It achieves this purpose, by the special effect
What it produces to know a great story, through many other small ones.
And as a final conclusion Vargas Llosa is characterized by:
- Absolute freedom to express yourself.
- Total dedication to literary production (specialty: narrative, technique: many,
increasingly perfect)

BIBLIOGRAPHY:
 Vargas Llosa, Mario. "The city and the Dogs". 1st Edition Edit
Ediciones Alfaguara, SA- Grupo Santillana 2004
 http://www.mundolatino.org/cultura/vargasllosa/vargasllosa_1.htm
 http://www.laobradevargasllosa.com/vbio.html
 http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mario_Vargas_Llosa
 http://www.monografias.com/trabajos25/vargas-llosa/vargas-llosa.shtml
 http://www.lecturalia.com/autor/78/mario-vargas-llosa

PNP STUDENT: YUCRA CAYRA DAVID

 ________________ PUNO HIGHER TECHNICAL SCHOOL _____________________

 INTRODUCTION.
 JOB OBJECTIVES

 JUSTIFICATION

 BIOBIBLIOGRAPHICAL ASPECT
 STRUCTURAL ASPECT OF THE WORK.
 Setting or environment
 Characters and role they play
 Secondary characters.-

 Plot.-
 Facts or episodes.

a. Main Facts.-

b. Secondary Facts.-

c. Outcome or Final.-
 Literary genre.-
PNP STUDENT: YUCRA CAYRA DAVID
 ________________ PUNO HIGHER TECHNICAL SCHOOL _____________________

 OBJECTIVE CRITICISM OF THE AUTHOR AND HIS

WORK.-

 CONCLUSION.-
 BIBLIOGRAPHY:

PNP STUDENT: YUCRA CAYRA DAVID