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Methods in Criminological Research

This document describes the foundations of criminological research. It explains that criminological research seeks to scientifically discover and verify the crime, its characteristics and its author. He points out that there are qualitative and quantitative methods for criminological research. It also discusses the use of the inductive and deductive method, and highlights the importance of following the scientific method to conduct reliable, valid, and relevant research. Finally, he concludes by highlighting the importance of research

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58 views

Methods in Criminological Research

This document describes the foundations of criminological research. It explains that criminological research seeks to scientifically discover and verify the crime, its characteristics and its author. He points out that there are qualitative and quantitative methods for criminological research. It also discusses the use of the inductive and deductive method, and highlights the importance of following the scientific method to conduct reliable, valid, and relevant research. Finally, he concludes by highlighting the importance of research

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BOLIVARIAN REPUBLIC OF VENEZUELA

MINISTRY OF PEOPLE'S POWER FOR UNIVERSITY EDUCATION,


SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
NATIONAL EXPERIMENTAL UNIVERSITY OF THE WESTERN PLAINS
“EZEQUIEL ZAMORA”
SECRETARY OF DISTANCE STUDIES
VPDS BARINAS

Report (Module 2)

CRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH

Competitor:

Miguel A. Marchan Fernandez

CI: v.- 14,677,683

2nd year Law section “3”

CRIMINOLOGY

Barinas, June 25, 2018


VPDS BARINAS

CRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH

2018
INTRODUCTION

In relation to law, it is known that criminology is considered a science that, due to


its foundations, can make meaningful contributions to sentences in the legal system.
Criminology is a specialty that studies the criminal act from the perspective of the
perpetrator, as opposed to victimology, which observes the victim's perspective on the
punishable act.

Within the processes of establishing the theoretical and decision-making bases of


criminology, it is necessary to undertake research on the facts and hypotheses that can
be handled around what is considered a crime. In this sense, there are scientific
methods to carry out research processes, as in other sciences, they are based on the
qualitative and quantitative foundation with respect to the management of the sources of
information that will generate the outcome of conclusions about the research.

In this report, from a practical perspective, the investigative foundations within


criminology are addressed, allowing us to obtain a clear position on opinions regarding
the topic. As a starting point, the topic in definition of criminological research and the
scientific method is highlighted, concluding then with the modalities and types of
research.
CRIMINOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION

Investigation criminal

It is the set of procedures aimed at the discovery and scientific verification of the
crime, its characteristics, perpetrator, as well as the identification of active and passive
objects, with rigorous care that its material traces are preserved and that the state of
things is not changed. alter or modify while the actions that correspond to the specific
case are carried out. In other words, our criminal investigation to which the program
refers is the investigation that aims to discover and scientifically verify the crime, there is
no other way for another type of criminal investigation to exist. When we talk about
“discovering” it is research, and then “verifying” is verifying: I discover the fact, the
evidence, the subjects and then I subject them to scientific verification to verify.

Methods of criminology

According to the Dominican criminologist Leoncio Ramos -criminology scholars


were in charge of implementing a series of methodologies, in order to apply them in the
investigation of its content. This is how the aforementioned Dominican criminologist
understands that the fundamental method that must be used to carry out criminological
investigations is the inductive method, that is, one that starts from specific cases to rise
to general principles. Well, Professor Ramos, to confirm his theory, relies on concepts
expressed by Laignel-Lavastine and Staciu, who express that the starting point of the
research method is observation supported by a large number of specific cases.
Furthermore, "all the hypotheses of the theories must be rigorously verified by laboratory
analysis and its psychiatric annexes, which must become true criminological clinics."
On the other hand, the Dominican author says that "the use of the deductive or
verification method is also useful for the study of criminology, that is, that method that
teaches how to draw concrete and particular consequences, starting from general
principles."

Criminology is an empirical science of being and its method relies primarily on


observation and experimentation (empirical-inductive method). The rigor of the scientific
method requires defining clear rules or criteria both in the preparation of the project and
in the various phases of execution.

All scientific-empirical research must meet 3 requirements:

■ Reliable: useful for further investigations.

■ Validity: verifiable.

■ Relevance: harmony and coherence between the whole and the part.

The prior determination of the research model and its main execution phases
must be distinguished.
Main aspects of scientific research in the Social Sciences

Source: Babbie Earl, 2000. Foundations of social research


Scientific knowledge

Source: Walter Wallace, 1971. The science of logic in Sociology

The scientific method is: "The set of rules of science, which is followed to find the
truth of the things being investigated."

Hypotheses.- An attempt is made to precede the development of the facts, they


should and can be established rather than being tested by experimentation.

Experimentation.- It is the means of reproducing or deliberately provoking facts or


phenomena as many times as necessary, in order to provide a framework of validity and
reliability to the result of the research.

The theory, law or principle.- It is the result of the previous steps.

Inductive Method.- From several particular truths (indication) a universal truth is


reached.

Deductive Method.- Learn about several universal principles, a particular truth in


order to verify whether the laws or principles established inductively, are framed or
typified in the phenomena produced and observed in the specific, general-particular fact.
The methodology applied by Criminalistics to investigate the facts is to
resystematize scientific knowledge in order to apply it in the location, identification and
registration of all the evidence that is used and produced in the commission of the facts,
being the following:

Protection of the scene of the events.

Observation of the scene of the events.

Establishment of the location of the events or discovery.

Collection of clues.

Providing evidence to the laboratory.

Qualitative and quantitative methods for criminological research

As in scientific research, we can refer in relation to criminology that in the order of


qualitative research, this feat builds its foundations of support in conclusions in relation to
theories, historical sources and findings recorded around the topic that is developed. .
For its part, the quantitative method is related to the use of data on research in
population samples based on statistics and that could be related to criminal acts. It seeks
to verify through scientific and research rigor, the results on some hypothesis that seeks
to be resolved in relation to the research.

CONCLUSIONS

Criminological research turns out to be a science with sufficient relevance to the


methodological processes of pure research. Depending on the topic and the findings
sought to be undertaken, the researcher has a range of possibilities in relation to the
choice of the investigative nature.

In addressing the forms of research, aspects of the deductive and inductive


variables that the course entails could be outlined. In addition, the definition and
differences on the qualitative and quantitative aspects and their direct link to the source
of information were briefly highlighted. The qualitative process refers to the order of
historical and reference sources on theories and research on past and current authors.
For its part, the quantitative process allows us to address part of the qualitative base,
field foundations in reference to data sampling and incidents regarding the fact that we
wish to investigate.

Finally, it is necessary to pronounce the importance that relates the resolution of


the evidence within a case or judicial process and the course of investigation in which
criminological science would be related and its cruciality in justice with respect to legal
systems.
BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES

CONTRERAS, J. (2007). Issue 2 Investigation Criminal.


http://es.scribd.com/doc/3993807/Tema2Investigacion-Criminal . (August 16, 2012).

HIKAL, W. (2010). What to do in scientific criminology: expanding the scientific horizon.


Autonomous University of Nuevo León. Mexico.

MORGAN, J. (1984). The Criminal Investigation. Mexico: Editorial Continental.

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