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Data Indepedence

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29 views

Data Indepedence

Uploaded by

Hamit
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Que.Data Independence. Short note on Data Independence.

Difference between Physical and Logical Data


Independence.

Ans.

 Data Independence is type of Data Transparency that is important for a centralized DBMS.
 With help of this we can changes in the definition and organization of the data.
 The ability to modify schema definition in lower level without affecting schema definition in next higher
level is called Data Independence.
 There are two levels of Data Independence namely Physical and Logical data Independence.
 Physical data Independence deals with hiding the details of storage structure from user applications.
 Each higher level of data architecture is immune to changes of the next higher lower level of the
architecture.
 Logical schema stays unchanged even through the storage space or a type of some data is changed for
reason of optimization or reorganization
 The data Independence and operation Independence together gives the feature of data abstraction.

Logical data Independence

 At the first level, the logical structure of the data is known as “schema definition”.
 In general, if a user application operates on a subset of the attribute of a relation, it should not be affected
later when new attributes are added to same relation.
 Logical data Independence is the ability to modify the logical schema without causing application program
to be rewritten.
 Modifications at the logical level necessary whenever the logical structure of the database is altered.
 This ability to change the logical ( Conceptual) schema without changing the external schema (users view)
is useful in DBMS.

Example: The addition of removal of new entities, attributes or relationships to the conceptual schema should
be possible without having to change existing external schemas or having to rewrite existing application
programs.

 Logical data Independence is more difficult to achieve then physical data Independence since
application programs are heavily dependent on the logical structure of the data that they access.

Physical Data Independence

 At the second level, the physical structure of the data is referred to as a “Physical data Description”.
 Physical data Independence deals with hiding the details of the storage structure from user
applications.
 Physical data Independence means we change the physical storage/level without affecting the
conceptual or external view of the data. Mapping techniques absorbs the new changes.
 The ability to change the physical schema without changing the logical schema can be called physical
data independence.

Example. Changes to the internal schema, such as using different file organization or storage structure, storage
devices or indexing strategy should be possible without having to change the conceptual or external schemas.

 Physical data Independence is present in most databases and file environment in which hardware storage
of encoding, extract location of the data on disk, merging of records, so on these are hidden from the users.
 We can change the structure of a database without the data required by users and program. This feature
was not available in file oriented approach.
 Physical data Independence is the ability to modify the physical schema without causing application
program to be rewritten.
 Modifications at the physical level are occasionally necessary to improve performance. The type of data
independence is shown in figure below.

Figure. Types of Data Independence.

Sr.No. Physical data Independence Logical Data Independence


1. Physical Data Independence is the ability to Logical Data Independence is the ability to modify
modify the physical schema without causing the logical schema without causing application
application programs to be rewritten. programs to be rewritten
2. Modifications at the Physical level are Modifications at the Logical level are necessary
occasionally necessary to improve whenever the logical structure of the database is
performance altered.
3. It is easy to achieve physical data Logical data independence is more difficult to
Independence. achieve than physical data independence.
4. This approach has to do with altering the It means we change the physical storage/level
organization or storage procedures related to without affecting the conceptual or external view
the data rather than modifying the data itself of the data. The new changes are absorbed by
mapping techniques.

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