LESSON 6 (PART 5):

ELEMENTS AND
PRINCIPLES OF ART
Presented by: Joan Elizabeth G. Ibay
Presentation
Outline
POINTS FOR DISCUSSION

Unity
Variety
Balance
Elements Principles
Color Balance
Form Contrast
Line Pattern
Mass Proportion
Motion and Time Rhythm
Shape Scale
Space Unity
Texture Variety
Value
Volume
Elements Principles
Color Balance
Form Contrast
Line Pattern
Mass Proportion
Motion and Time Rhythm
Shape Scale
Space Unity
Texture Variety
Value
Volume
PRINCIPLES OF ART

UNITY
UNITY
Unity refers to the imposition
of order and harmony on a
design.
Unity refers to the “oneness”
or organization of similarities
between elements that make
up a work of art.
Artists use the principle of
unity to make choices that
link visual elements to each
other in a composition.
Unity
HOW TO ACHIEVE UNITY IN ART?
Many artists decide to restrict their color
choices, to rely on the use of the same, or
use of an overall texture and pattern in
order to achieve harmony.
To achieve unity in art, some prefer to use
only primary colors, repeat geometric
shapes on a neutral background, or use a
variety of texture created with various
lines.
THREE KINDS OF UNITY

Compositional Unity Conceptual Unity Gestalt Unity

Compositional Unity
An artist creates compositional
unity by organizing all the visual
aspects of work or matching
visual similarities.

The artist's goal in using

compositional unity is to create a
composition that appears
harmonious without being boring.

Compositional unity can also be

created by using connected ideas.
Unity Using Lines
Unity Using Shapes Unity Using Texture
Conceptual Unity
Conceptual unity refers to the
cohesive expression of ideas
within a work of art.

Ideas can come to us in

haphazard and unpredictable
ways.

In using conceptual unity, artists'

intentions, experiences, and
reactions are very important to
their work.
Gestalt Unity
Gestalt, a German word for form
or shape, refers to something
(here a work of art) in which the
whole seems greater than the
sum of its parts.

The composition and ideas that

go to make a work of art—as well
as our experience of it— combine
to create a gestalt.
PRINCIPLES OF ART

VARIETY
Variety
. In art, variety is a collection of ideas, elements,
or materials that are fused together into one
design.
Artists use a multiplicity of values, textures,
colors, and so on to intensify the impact of a
work.
It is expressed in contrast and difference, which
creates visual interest and excitement.
 Robert Rauschenberg,
Monogram, 1955–59. Mixed
media with taxidermy goat,
rubber tire, and tennis ball, 42
× 631 ⁄4 × 641 ⁄2". Moderna
Museet, Stockholm, Sweden
 PRINCIPLES OF ART

BALANCE
Balance
Balance refers to the distribution of
elements, whether unified or varied, within
a work.

In art, the visual elements in one-half of

the work are offset by the elements on the
opposite side.

It is possible for an artist to depict an

unbalanced design.
Balance
HOW CAN WE DEPICT BALANCE?
By noting the differences between the
two halves we are looking at.
If there are reasonable visual
counterweights the work seems
complete, and balance has been
achieved.
However, for many artists this process is
intuitive; they make decisions about the
work based on what looks right, rather
than on a rigid set of rules.
 SYMMETRICAL ASYMMETRICAL RADIAL BALANCE
BALANCE BALANCE Radial balance (or symmetry)
If a work can be cut in half This is also called dynamic is achieved when all elements
and each side looks exactly balance; it applies when the in a work are equidistant
(or nearly exactly) the same, elements on the left and right from a central point and
then it is symmetrically sides are not the same, but repeat in a symmetrical way
balanced. the combination of elements from side to side and top to
counter one another. bottom.
QUESTION?
References
·Artland Editors. (n.d.). The most famous art movements and styles. Retrieved from
https://magazine.artland.com/art-movements-and-styles/
·Grundler, M. & Grundler, L. (2017). The principles of design in visual arts. Institute of Arts Integration and
Steam. Retrieved from https://artsintegration.com/2017/09/01/principles-design-visual-arts/
·LeMieux, J. (et.al.). (n.d.). Chapter 2: The structure of art: form and design. Retrieved from
https://alg.manifoldapp.org/read/introduction-to-art-design-context-and-meaning/section/0af11327-5ea5-
4cd5-a44d-7901ce9738a0
·Marder, L. (2020). The definition of ‘form’ in art. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/definition-of-
form-in-art-182437
·Marder, L. (2019). The principles of art and design. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/principles-
of-art-and-design-2578740
·McArdle, T. (2018). Explore art style. Retrieved from https://www.art-is-fun.com/art-styles
·Mediums and techniques of visual arts. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://www.slideshare.net/Amoguis/mediums-and-techniques-of-visual-arts
·Scott, D. (2018). Visual element – building blocks of your painting. Draw Paint Academy. Retrieved from
https://drawpaintacademy.com/visual-elements/
·Visual art: Definition, Meaning, History, Classification. Retrieved from http://www.visual-arts-
cork.com/definitions/visual-art.htm
LESSON 6 (PART 6):
ELEMENTS AND
PRINCIPLES OF ART
Presented by: Joan Elizabeth G. Ibay
Presentation
Outline
POINTS FOR DISCUSSION

Pattern
Proportion
Rhythm
Scale
Elements Principles
Color Balance
Form Contrast
Line Pattern
Mass Proportion
Motion and Time Rhythm
Shape Scale
Space Unity
Texture Variety
Value
Volume
PRINCIPLES OF ART

SCALE
SCALE
The scale of a work of art communicates
ideas.
Small-scale pieces force viewers to come
in close to experience the artwork.
Large-scale works can be experienced by
groups of viewers, and usually
communicate big ideas directed at a large
audience.
Artists may also consider scale as they
make more practical choices about a work.
HIERARCHICAL SCALE DISTORRTED SCALE
Hierarchical scale refers to the An artist may deliberately
deliberate use of relative size in a distort scale to create a
work in order to communicate supernatural effect.
differences in importance.
 PRINCIPLES OF ART

PROPORTION
Proportion
The relationships between the sizes of
different parts of a work make up its
proportions.
By controlling these size relationships an artist
can enhance the expressive and descriptive
characteristics of the work.
For a two-dimensional work, the artist chooses
an area, or format, on which to make a
drawing, painting, print, or design.
PRINCIPLES OF ART

PATTERN
Pattern
In art, we can see patterns as the
recurrence of an art element.
In a work of art, the repetition of such
patterns provides a sense of unity.
An artist can use the repetition of a
pattern to impose order on a work.
Sometimes artists use alternating
patterns to make work more lively.
The area covered by the pattern is
called the field; changes in the field
can invigorate visual forms.
Motif
A design repeated as a unit in a
pattern is called a motif.
Motifs can represent ideas,
images, and themes that can be
brought together through the
use of patterns.
A single motif can be interlaced
with others to create complex
designs.
PRINCIPLES OF ART

RHYTHM
Rhythm
Rhythm arises through the repetition of
patterns.
Rhythm affects our vision as we study a
work of art.
The artist can also use rhythm to add a
variety.
There is rhythm when there are at least
two points of reference in an artwork.
 THREE TYPES OF RYTHM

Simple Repititive Rhythmic Design Structure Alternating Rhythm

Artists create repetition by The idea of rhythmic structure helps Artists can intertwine
using the same shape, us understand how artists divide multiple rhythms until they
color, size, value, line, or visual space into different kinds of become quite complex.
texture over and over again. sections to achieve different kinds of
effects.
QUESTION?
References
·Artland Editors. (n.d.). The most famous art movements and styles. Retrieved from
https://magazine.artland.com/art-movements-and-styles/
·Grundler, M. & Grundler, L. (2017). The principles of design in visual arts. Institute of Arts Integration and
Steam. Retrieved from https://artsintegration.com/2017/09/01/principles-design-visual-arts/
·LeMieux, J. (et.al.). (n.d.). Chapter 2: The structure of art: form and design. Retrieved from
https://alg.manifoldapp.org/read/introduction-to-art-design-context-and-meaning/section/0af11327-5ea5-
4cd5-a44d-7901ce9738a0
·Marder, L. (2020). The definition of ‘form’ in art. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/definition-of-
form-in-art-182437
·Marder, L. (2019). The principles of art and design. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/principles-
of-art-and-design-2578740
·McArdle, T. (2018). Explore art style. Retrieved from https://www.art-is-fun.com/art-styles
·Mediums and techniques of visual arts. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://www.slideshare.net/Amoguis/mediums-and-techniques-of-visual-arts
·Scott, D. (2018). Visual element – building blocks of your painting. Draw Paint Academy. Retrieved from
https://drawpaintacademy.com/visual-elements/
·Visual art: Definition, Meaning, History, Classification. Retrieved from http://www.visual-arts-
cork.com/definitions/visual-art.htm