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PASSING
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SUNIL VAIJAPURE
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 1. ROMEO AND JULIET -William Shakespeare The council met again and they dismissed the guard. But the criminal did not run away.
Romeo admires the beauty of Juliet. Juliet teaches the torches to burn bright. She hangs When they told him to run away, he said that he had no place to go and his character was
upon the cheek of night. She is like a rich jewel in an Ethiopia’s ear. Juliet’s beauty is too ruined. People will turn their backs on him and he had also forgotten the way of working.
rich for use and too dear for earth. Juliet looks as a white dove among the crows. He wants Finally, the they offered him a pension of 600 francs and settled the matter. He received
to make his rude hand blessed by touching hers. He feels that he never saw true beauty till one-third of his annuity in advance. He left Monaco and settled across the border. He
that night. bought some land and started gardening. He went to Monaco at the proper time to draw
Juliet requests the night to come soon and bring her Romeo. She says that he lies on the his pension, gambled and lived peacefully.
wings of night. Romeo is the day in night. After her death let, he be cut out in little stars.
He as little stars will make the face of heaven very fine. The world will be in love with 4. A Sunny Morning (Drama)- Serafin & Jaoquin Alvarez Quinter
night. People will not worship the garish sun. A Sunny Morning is a love story. It takes place in Madrid Park. Laura is seventy years old
beautiful lady. Gonzalo is seventy years old gouty. Both were lovers in their young age. Laura
5. When You are Old (Poem) – W. B. Yeats brings bread crumbs to feed pigeons. Don Gonzalo scares the pigeons. Dona Laura
This poem tells us about true the true love. In this poem, the poet asks his beloved to think complains and calls him an ill-natured old man. Words are exchanged between them. But a
of future when she would be old. She would no longer be beautiful. Then, the poet asks her Pinch of snuff made peace between Laura and Gonzalo.
to read his love poems, sitting by the fire. The reading of those love poems would remember They talk about their home towns. Gonzalo says he is from Valencia. Laura says she is from
her own youthful beauty. And help her recall her former glories. Maricela near Valencia. Gonzalo tells a false story about the young man who loved Laura
Poet says that many loved the lady’s moments of glad grace. They loved her for her physical was his cousin. He fought with a merchant deadly wounding him. Out of fear he ran to
beauty with love false or true. He says their love was temporary. But poet was the one who Saville. He wrote many letters to Laura but that were found by her parents. He thought he
loved her pilgrim soul. He loved the sorrows of her changing face. She would realize the lost his love. He joined the army and died in the war.
poet’s true love. But it would be too late. By then, the love in the form of the poet would Laura told a false story that the girl who loved Gonzalo was her friend. She is famous as
have left her. He would be one among the crowd of stars or pacing upon the mountains. silver maiden. She waited for him. At last, she went to beach. She wrote his name on the
sand. She was killed by waves. But actually, Gonzalo ran off to Paris with a ballet dancer in
7. Heaven, If you are not here on earth. – Kuvempu. three months. Laura got married after two years. Thus, they told false stories to hide their
Speaker believes that heaven is right here on earth. He says if not found on earth identities.
nowhere else shall we find it. He says we can have the heaven here on the earth itself by
becoming ourselves gods and nymphs. We, humans can transform this earth into a heaven
by following the path of virtue. As, the beauty of the nature makes the earth a heavenly 6. Gardener (Lesson) - P. Lankesh
place. He proves this by describing roaring Streams, sunshine, moonlight and the harvest. This short story tells us about human nature and greed. Once the old man came to the
Humans creates heaven in nature. One can find heaven in nature. As farmer work hard to garden words were exchanged and he stayed on. After that petty thefts stopped and his
get the harvest of labour making. The poet imbibes and spills song of nectar and creates plantation expanded. As income increased the owner’s lifestyle changed. He became
heaven with his writings lethargic and acquired many friends. he developed many vices.
The old man tells owner’s wife about Tammanna and Basavaiah who were rivals. They
2. Too Dear - Leo Tolstoy bought lands as much as possible. Tammanna had 1000acres of land and Basavaiah had 800
Monaco was a toy kingdom. Its population was seven thousand. It consisted a king, palace, acres of land. Basavaiah want to buy two hundred acres of land. Tammanna refused it. He
courtiers, ministers, bishop and an army of 60 men. A tax was collected on tobacco, wine forcibly took Tammanna’s 200 acres of land.
and spirits. Special revenue came from the gaming house. Tammanna found new method. he composed songs and became well-known. Basavaiah
Once, a murder was committed by a man. But there was no guillotine to cut his head. So, filled his house with material wealth, invited musicians and scholars to home but he failed
Monaco consulted the French and Italian Government to supply the machine. The French miserably.
Government quoted 16,000 francs and Italian Government quoted 12,000 francs. Both were Once Tammanna got ill. Tammanna’s illness was Basavaiah health. He said health is wealth.
expensive for the prince. So, the decision was changed from death sentence to life At last Tammanna thought about death to punish Basavaiah he gave everything and ran
imprisonment. The murderer was imprisoned. But that cost 600 francs. That was also away. Basavaiah also died. After Basavaiah death Tammanna forgot all his songs.
considered expensive. 8. Japan and Brazil through the travelers eye – George Mike

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A) Japanese Bowing :
Japanese are well mannered people. They respect privacy. Courtesy substitutes privacy. Cycling was the brain-child of Sheela Rani Chunkath. She is former district collector. She
Telephone receiver is man’s castle in Japan. Writer says that Bowing is mania in Japan. inspired trained female activists to literate women. She included mobility as part of literacy
Bowing is formal, attractive and oriental. Bowing depends on rank, age and social position. drive. She also pushed banks to give loan to buy bicycles. She made each block accept
In family wife bows to her husband. The child bows to father. The younger brother bows to specific duties in promoting cycling and gave it personal attention.
his elder brother. Sister bows to all the brothers in the family. Also bowing girls are
appointed in shops who stand on escalators. Once a deer bowed the writer in Nara and took Passive Voice (Q. No. 13)
his food pocket. 13. Complete the following by filling the blanks using the right forms of verb given in the
Even conductors come in the middle and bows all the passengers. At bus stops everybody brackets. 3x1=3
bows but when bus comes, they turn savage and push each other. Japanese eat soup by 1. Tammanna came to the plantation after walking hundreds of miles. He ______
making noise. It is a sign of appreciation, otherwise you are called ill-mannered lout. (appoint) tolook after the garden. The workers were happy as their problems _______
B) Traffic in Brazil:
(solve). The income improved dramatically but a change in the owner’s
Mikes says nobody hurries in Brazil. Reaching destination an hour early, a day late or not at
lifestyle________ (notice) by his wife.
all does not matter. Grey pavements are decorated with beautiful black mosaics. Import
duties are heavy so cars are expensive even then people buy cars. But, these leisurely 2. Basavaiah had 200 acres less land than Tammanna. So Tammanna ______ (ask) to sell
people when driving love speed. Even tenth of a second is a matter of great importance. his 200 acres to Basavaiah. This _________ (reject) by Tammanna. Instead, a demand
There drivers cut in and overtake on both sides. Traffic is very heavy in some places in Brazil. ________ (place) that Tammanna was ready to buy all his land.
Pedestrians find it very difficult to cross the road. 3. Basavaiah tried to outshine Tammanna in his own way. A palatial house ______ (build)
by him. A number of persons _________ (appoint) just to praise him. Scholars, poets
9. The Voter - Chinua Achebe
and musicians _________ (invite) to his place.
Roof was a popular young man. He was in the service of Marcus Ibe. He understood the
mood and temper of voters. He was an expert and managed election. He guided the villagers 4. Tammanna came to the plantation after walking hundreds of miles. He ______ (appoint)
and convinced them to vote Marcus. He was also a good negotiator. He distributed money to look after the garden. The workers were happy as their problems _________ (solve).
at night. The income improved dramatically but a change in the owner’s lifestyle _________
Marcus Ibe who was average mission school teacher entered into politics to avoid to (notice) by his wife.
dismissal from job. Marcus leader of PAP (People’s Alliance party) who was the honourable 5. Basavaiah had 200 acres less land than Tammanna. So Tammanna _________ (ask) to sell
minister of culture. After entering politics, he gained power, wealth and fame. He bribed his 200 acres to Basavaiah. This _________ (reject) by Tammanna. Instead, a demand
voters as he wanted to win election second time. He also made false promises to voters.
_________ (place) that Tammanna was ready to buy all his land.
One night campaigner of POP (Progressive Organization Party) came to Roof and offered
five pounds. They asked him to swears on iyi and vote POP. On the election day he was in 6. Basavaiah tried to outshine Tammanna in his own way. A palatial house _________ (build)
fix. He tore the ballot paper in two and put one half in each box. He put first half in Maduka’s by him. A number of persons _________ (appoint) just to praise him. Scholars, poets and
ballet box and said I vote for Maduka. Thus kept his word. This proves Roof was a clever musicians _________ (invite) to his place.
manipulator. 7. Borges’ first literary reading was ‘Grimm’s Fairy Tales’. It ________ (find) in his
father’s library. It was an English version of the book that ________ (translate) from
Where There Is A Wheel - P Sainath
German. According to Borges he ______ _______________(educate) by his
Cycling as a social movement has women empowered rural women in Pudukottai. It is
father’s library more than by high school or the university.
symbol of independence, freedom and mobility. Cycling gives confidence to women and
reduces their dependence on men. It gives them mobility in cut off areas. Also enables them 8. Borges opines that all things _______ _______ (have, give) to us for a purpose. All
to transport goods and boost income. As it cuts down on time it gives time to focus on selling that happens to us ______ ________ (must, see) as raw material. This material
produce. All professionals, workers, teachers, nurses had taken to cycling. It brought self- __________ (transmute) into art and eternal works are made.
respect and gave feeling of goodness and independence. Thus, cycling serves as a metaphor
for freedom.

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9. Last night, I had a very strange dream. I dreamed of a great library and it _______ (burn) 20. Marcus Ibe was the PAP candidate. He _ _ _ _ _ (warn) about the radical change
down. Its countless volumes________attack) by flames. I __________ (disturb) by this in thethinking of Umuofia. So five months’ salary______ (draw) in advance. His
dream. campaign boys _______ (arm) with eloquent little jute bags.
10. The visible world has moved away from my eyes. But it _______________ (has, 21. Marcus Ibe was extremely generous to Roof. He________ (ask) to lend one of his many
replace) by other things. It ________ (accept) by me positively. Books interest. robes by Roof. When Marcus Ibe’s wife objected, she ______ (rebuke) publicly by him.
_________ (buy) even today with the same Roof wona land case because he ______ (drive) by a chauffeur to the disputed site.
11. It is an excellent idea that a history of book___________ (should, write). ‘Decline 22. Roof received a strange visit from the POP campaigner. Though the campaigner
of the west’_______ (remember) for ever because some remarkable comments and Roof _____(know) to each other, his visit was cold and business-like. No words
_______ (make) bySpengler on books. ______ (exchange) between them. When the visitor placed five pounds on the floor,
12. Poetry is something so intimate and essential. It ______ _____ (cannot, define) Roof (mesmerize) by the picture of the cocoa farmer.
without oversimplifying it. Mere arrangement of words __________ (not call) poetry. 23. Marcus was doing things in grand style. A high life band from Umuru _______ (hire)
Just as the fall ofleaves in the autumn __________ (cannot explain), poetry is difficult by him and it _________ (station) at a distance from the voting booth. Marcus sat in
to explain. his car when last minute advice_______(give) to voters by Roof and others.
13. Borges’ first literary reading was ‘Grimm’s Fairy Tales’. It _______ (find) in his father’s 24. The man nudged his companion and he brought forward an object that_________
library. It was an English version of the book that ________ (translate) from German. (cover) with a red cloth. It was a fearsome little affair. It __________(keep) in a
According to Borges he ________ (educate) by his father’s library more than by high school clay pot and feathers _________ (stick) into it.
or the university. 25. Roof was a young man. He ________ (know) to everyone in Umuofia. The POP campaigner
14. Borges opines that all things ________ (have, give) to us for a purpose. All that happens to met him at night. No words __________ (waste) between them. Roof __________ (give)
us ________ (must, see) as raw material. This material ________ (transmute) into art and five pounds to vote for Maduka.
eternal works are made. 26. Marcus Ibe was the PAP candidate. He __________ (warn) about the radical change in the
15. Last night, I had a very strange dream. I dreamed of a great library and it ________ (burn) thinking of Umuofia. So five months’ salary __________ (draw) in advance. His campaign
down. Its countless volumes ________ (attack) by flames. I ________ (disturb) by this boys __________ (arm) with eloquent little jute bags.
dream. 27. Marcus Ibe was extremely generous to Roof. He __________ (ask) to lend one of his many
16. The visible world has moved away from my eyes. But it _______ (has, replace) by other robes by Roof. When Marcus Ibe’s wife objected, she _______ (rebuke) publicly by him.
things. It ________ (accept) by me positively. Books ________ (buy) even today with the Roof won a land case because he __________ (drive) by a chauffeur to the disputed site.
same interest. 28. Roof received a strange visit from the POP campaigner. Though the campaigner and Roof
17. It is an excellent idea that a history of book ________ (should, write). ‘Decline of the west’ __________ (know) to each other, his visit was cold and business-like. No words
________ (remember) for ever because some remarkable comments ________ (make) by __________ (exchange) between them. When the visitor placed five pounds on the floor,
Spengler on books. Roof __________ (mesmerize) by the picture of the cocoa farmer.
18. Poetry is something so intimate and essential. It ________ (cannot, define) without 29. Marcus was doing things in grand style. A high life band from Umuru __________ (hire) by
oversimplifying it. Mere arrangement of words ________ (not call) poetry. Just as the fall him and it __________ (station) at a distance from the voting booth. Marcus sat in his car
of leaves in the autumn ____ (cannot explain), poetry is difficult to explain. when last minute advice __________ (give) to voters by Roof and others.
19. Roof was a young man. He ________ (know) to everyone in Umuofia. The POP 30. The man nudged his companion and he brought forward an object that ________ (cover)
campaignermet him at night. No words _______ (waste) between them. Roof with a red cloth. It was a fearsome little affair. It _______ (keep) in a clay pot and feathers
________ (give) five pounds to vote for Maduka. ________ (stick) into it.

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31. Cycling gained momentum gradually. Though dirty remarks________ (make), women Even carting provisions from other places ________ (do) on their own. But when this
paid no attention. Scores of young women _________ (train) by Jameela and her began, filthy remarks ________ (make). Even then social sanction ________ (give) to
friends. A direct link _________ (see) by a neo-cyclist woman between cycling and her cycling by Arivoli.
personal independence. 42. Gents’ cycles have certain advantages. These ________ (prefer) by some women as these
32. Now we often see a woman doing a four-kilometer stretch on her bicycle to collect have an additional bar from the seat to the handle. A child ________ (can, seat) on it.
water. Even carting provisions from other places______ (do) on their own. But Carting provisions ________ (can, do) on their own.
when this began, filthy remarks _________ (make). Even then social sanction 43. It was the occasion of International Women’s Day in 1992. Pudukkottai ________ (take)
______ (give) to cycling by Arivoli. by storm. The town’s inhabitants ________ (stun) by the all-women’s cycle rally. However,
33. Gents’ cycles have certain advantages. These ________(prefer) by some women as it ________ (approve) by all males.
these have an additional bar from the seat to the handle. A child ___________ 44. In no time cycling became a way of life in Pudukkottai. It ________ (introduce) as a tool
(can, seat) on it.Carting provisions ______ _____ (can, do) on their own. of social change. Mobility, facilitated by cycling ________ (include) as a part of literacy
34. It was the occasion of International Women’s Day in 1992. Pudukkottai _______ drive. The idea ________ (propose) by Sheela Rani Chunkath, the district collector.
(take) by storm. The town’s inhabitants ______ (stun) by the all-women’s cycle 45. Cycling brought a mighty change in the life of women in Pudukkottai. They started moving
rally. However, it _______ (approve) by all males. on their own. Dependence on men ________ (reduce) to some extent. Provisions too
35. In no time cycling became a way of life in Pudukkottai. It _______ (introduce) as a ________ (cart) from one place to another and a four kilometer stretch ________ (cover)
tool of social change. Mobility, facilitated by cycling ______ (include) as a part of literacy on their cycles to fetch water.
drive. The idea _______ (propose) by Sheela Rani Chunkath, the district collector. 46. The District Collector’s main aim was to make literacy reach the interior. So mobility
36. Cycling brought a mighty change in the life of women in Pudukkottai. They started ________ (include) as a part of literacy drive. Loans ________ (provide) by banks for
moving on their own. Dependence on men _______ (reduce) to some extent. women to buy cycles. Specific duties ________ (allot) to each block to promote this drive.
Provisions too _______ (cart) from one place to another and a four kilometer
stretch______ (cover) on their cycles to fetch water. 15. Fill in the blanks with the right linker given in the brackets. 4x1=4
37. The District Collector’s main aim was to make literacy reach the interior. So Cohesive Devices / Linkers
mobility________ (include) as a part of literacy drive. Loans ______ (provide) by
Type of
banks for women to buy cycles. Specific duties _______ (allot) to each block to
Linker / Linking Words Broad Meaning Example
promote this drive. Function
38. The rural women of Pudukkottai found a way of hitting out at their backwardness. Cycling
In spite of, in addition to, despite, besides, yet, still, It is very hot
________ (choose) as a medium in doing so. Cycling _________ (learn) by over one fourth Adds ideas in
moreover, also, and, similarly, and then, what is today; moreover,
Addition support of the
of all rural women. The new skill _______ (display) by over 70,000 of these women. more, such as, then, too, next, even, again, further, there is power
main idea.
as well as cut.
39. Arivoli played an important role in the cycling movement. A number of training camps
________ (arrange) by Arivoli. In order to encourage bicycling, songs ________ (sing) by when, while, as soon as, before, after, till, until,
Indicates time, The teacher
eventually, as long as, as, since, immediately, at
neo-cyclists. The UNICEF ________ (impress) and sanctioned fifty mopeds for Arivoli place and entered the class
Time / Place once, then, meanwhile, at length, in the meantime,
frequency of when the bell
women activists. at the same time, in the end, before that, after that,
events. rang.
where, wherever
40. Cycling gained momentum gradually. Though dirty remarks ________ (make), women paid
no attention. Scores of young women ________ (train) by Jameela and her friends. A direct
link ________ (see) by a neo-cyclist woman between cycling and her personal
independence.
41. Now we often see a woman doing a four-kilometer stretch on her bicycle to collect water.
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 Exercises:
Reason / because, as, that, since, therefore, in order to, so, 1. Monaco was on the borders of Italy and France. ________ it was a tiny little kingdom, it
Introduces a
Cause / accordingly, thus, consequently, hence, such, in We had to wait had a real kinglet _______ an army. The king had imposed many taxes ______ it was difficult
reason / cause /
Effect / conclusion, as a result, in all, thus, finally, as a because it was for him to meet the expenses. ____________ get more income he started gaming houses.
purpose and
Result / consequent, in consequence, hence, due to, in order raining.
shows result. (as, in order to, and, though)
Purpose that, so that, lest (for fear that)
2. The kingdom of Monaco was a peaceful and peace loving country. _____ they did not feel
the need to keep an army or a police force. ______ once, a murder was committed there.
Shows the ________ they were forced to look for ways to try and punish the criminal. ______ they
manner/ You won’t reach decided to give him a pension and send him away.
Manner/ as, as if, as though, if, unless, supposing, though,
condition how the goal unless
Condition although, even if, however
the action takes you work (but, eventually(at last), so, then)
place. 3. The General of Monaco asked each of his soldiers to cut the criminal’s head off. _______
no soldier came forward to do it. _________ the ministers of Monaco assembled a
Commission. ________, they appointed a Committee and a Sub-Committee. _______ they
Identifies Life is difficult in
as-as, than, not so-as, similarly, likewise, whereas, decided that the best thing would be to alter the death sentence to one of life
differences extreme polls;
Comparison but, on the other hand, except, by comparison,
between two similarly, it is imprisonment.
when compared to, equally, in the same way
ideas. horrible near the (besides, but, at last, therefore)
4. A murder was committed in Monaco. ________ it was a unique crime, the judges
sentenced the criminal to death. ________ there was neither a guillotine nor an executioner
Draws conclusion ‘Romeo and Juliet’ to cut off his head in Monaco. _________ the Ministers thought of taking help from
In brief, on a whole, in sum, to sum up, thus, in this
Summary
way, to summarize, to conclude, in conclusion
by summarizing is a love story neighbouring countries. All such efforts failed. ________ the Ministers considered and
the ideas. performed on the reconsidered.
(again, as, but, therefore)
5. A murder was committed in Monaco. ________ the King heard of this, he ordered to
Raj did not
But, whereas, however, on one hand, on the other,
Identifies perform well in
arrest the murderer. The murderer was arrested ________ sentenced to death. ________
in contrast, instead of, on the contrary, yet, still, the King realised that the death sentence was too expensive. ________ it was converted
differences the exam; never
Contrast even though, nevertheless, otherwise, after all, for
all of that, not withstanding, unlike, whereas,
between two nevertheless, he into imprisonment for life. (so, when, and, but)
ideas. got a distinction 6. _________ looking over the account of his income and expenditure one day, the King
although, alternatively, in spite of
in English.
noticed a new item of expenditure, ________ shocked the King. It was _______ he had to
spend 600 francs on the criminal a year ________ might live for fifty years.
First, second, third, initially, to begin with, last,
There is the (who, while, which, because)
finally, firstly, secondly, next, then, following, now, Shows the
sequence/ farmer’s 7. There was ……….. a guillotine for cutting the heads off ………… an executioner in Monaco.
at this point, after this, subsequently, eventually, importance of the
Enumeration procession today;
previously, earlier, before, after, again, further, ideas by listing ……… the ministers wrote a letter asking the French Government whether they could lend
therefore, the
again, them a machine ……… an expert to cut off the criminal’s head off.
(and, neither, so, nor)
Introduces I think he is very 8. There was a small lock-up _______ people were sometimes kept temporarily, ______
For example, such as, for instance, in this case, in
Illustration/ illustrations in rich; for example,
another case, on this occasion, in this situation, in there was no strong prison fit for permanent use. ______, they managed to find a place that
Example support of the he gave a
this manner, to illustrate would do, _______ they put the young fellow there and placed a guard over him.
main idea. hundred rupee
(and, where, however, but)
9. The special revenue came from a gaming house, _________ people played roulette. Some
of the little German Sovereigns used to keep gaming houses of the same kind _________
some years ago they were forbidden to do so. The reason they were stopped was_________

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these gaming houses did so much harm. A man would come and try his luck. _________ he 18. The Earth University teaches Earth Democracy _______is the freedom for all species.
would risk all he had and lose it. _______ we all depend on earth, it is our duty to respect the rights of other species _______
(because, then, where, but) these species have to evolve within the web of life. _______ Earth Democracy is a shift from
10. The criminal refused to go away __________ they had ruined his character _________ anthropocentrism to ecocentrism.
people would turn their backs on him. _________ he had got out of the way of working. He (as, which, moreover, since)
said they might do as they liked, _________ he would not go away. 19. Tagore started Shantiniketan in West Bengal _______ create an Indian cultural
(but, for, besides, and) renaissance. _______ this became a university _______ received acclaim as the most
11. The criminal received one third of his pension in advance _________ left the kingdom. famous centre of learning. Shantiniketan was started as a forest school, amidst trees
_________ crossing the frontier, he settled down on a bit of land. _________ he started _______ forests were thought to be a source of regeneration.
market gardening _________ fetched him good profit and he lived peacefully and well. (because, in order to, which, later on)
(and, later, after, which) 20. Vandana Shiva learnt about diversity in the Himalayan forest _______ wanted to adapt
12. The criminal remained in the prison for a year. _________ when a year had passed, the it in her farms. _______ she started saving seeds from farmers’ fields. She realized the need
kinglet was shocked to see the amount spent for his keep. _________ he summoned his of a farm for demonstration and training. _______ Navdanya farm was started _________
council to consider the matter. The council considered _________ reconsidered. _________ promote a biodiversity intensive form of farming.
they decided to dismiss the guard who watched the criminal. (thus, then, in order to, and)
(finally, but, therefore, and) 21. The young man took refuge in Don Gonzalo’s house. He went to Seville, -------- then came
13. The death sentence was altered to life imprisonment. This would enable the Prince to to Madrid. He wrote letters to Laura --------- they were intercepted by her parents. ------- in
show his mercy _________ it would come cheaper. _________ there was no strong prison despair, he joined the army. ------------ he met a glorious death in the war.
fit for permanent use. _________ they managed to find a place _________ would serve the (but, and, at last, then)
purpose. (but, and, which, however) 22. In a duel Don Gonzalo injured the merchant severely. ________ the fear of
14. Logging had led to landslides and floods, ________ scarcity of water, fodder, and fuel. consequences, Gonzalo hid in a secret place. _________ the merchant was highly regarded
________ women provide these basic needs, the scarcity meant longer walks to satisfy the in that locality. He began to think ________ he could save himself. ________ he fled to
basic needs. Women knew that the real value of forests was not the timber from a dead Seville secretly.
tree, ________ the springs and streams, food for their cattle, and fuel for their hearths. (how, at last, due to, moreover)
______the women set out to save the trees. The women declared _________ they would 23. _______ the old man came to this garden one day, _______walking hundreds of miles
hug the trees. and settled there, the owner of the garden became free and relaxed. ________ the owner’s
(but, and, so, that, since ) wife was worried _________ her husband became lethargic and shied away from hard work.
15. The Earth University is inspired by Rabindranath Tagore, India’s national poet _______ a (after, when, because, but)
Nobel Prize laureate. Tagore started a learning center in Shantiniketan in West Bengal, 24. Tammanna ________Basavaiah were rivals. If Tammanna bought four acres of land,
India,________ create an Indian cultural renaissance. _________ it was a tiny school. Basavaiah _______followed the suit. ______,all this looked like healthy competition.
_________ the school became a university in 1921. ______, gradually it rose to such a pitch that there was no land left in the village for them
(in order to, and, later, first) to buy.
16. Bachni Devi led resistance against her own husband __________had obtained a contract (also, and, however, in the beginning )
to cut trees. ____________forest officials arrived at the forest, the women held up lighted 25. _________ , all this rivalry between Tammanna and Basavaiah looked like healthy
lanterns ____________stopped them. __________the forester made fun of them, they competition. ________ , it took a new turn. ________ it rose to such a pitch that there was
were not discouraged. no land left in the village for them to buy. All land belonged to ________ Tammanna or
(who, when, though, and) Basavaiah.
17. Vandana Shiva started to save seeds from farmers’ fields. _______ she realized that a (either, to begin with, however, gradually)
farm was needed for demonstration and training. _______ Navdanya farm was started. 26. The owner of the coconut plantation needed a person. ______ he exchanged a few
_______ many varieties of seeds were conserved in this farm _______ practise and promote words with the old man. _______ the old man stayed on there. _________ he was well-
biodiversity intensive form of farming. versed in agriculture, and could understand the problems of workers, he was useful.
(as a result, then, thus, in order to)

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_________ the petty thefts in the garden came to an end, the income from the garden 35. Literature is a dream. Our past is nothing ________ a sequence of dreams. There is no
improved dramatically. difference between dreaming ________ remembering the past. Books are the great
(when, as, so, then) memory of all centuries. ________ their function is irreplaceable. ________ books
27. _______ the arrival of the old man, the petty thefts in the garden came to an end, disappear, surely history would disappear, and surely man would disappear.
_______ the income from the garden improved dramatically. ________ there was a (If, but, therefore, and)
perceptible change in the lifestyle of the owner. ________ the plantation was expanded, the 36. Poetry is so intimate ______ it cannot be defined without over simplifying it. An attempt
owner became lethargic and shied away from hard work. to define it is like defining a colour or emotion. It is difficult to define it _______ it is an
(though, after, and, but) aesthetic art. _______ poetry is not the poem, _________ is nothing more than a series of
28. Basavaiah was happy__________ Tammanna started suffering from a disease. symbols.
_________ Tammanna did not stop thinking __________found a method of punishing (moreover, that, which, because)
Basavaiah _________ could annihilate him completely. 37. Eating soup in Japan is more dangerous than anything else. _______ eating soup, making
(and, which, because, but) fearful noise is a sign of appreciation. _______ a European does not make such noise, he
29. Basavaiah was humiliated after his rival was acclaimed as the best poet of his times. will be considered an ill-mannered lout. _______ the one who makes noise will also be
__________ he started filling his house with all kinds of material wealth. __________ his considered an ill-mannered lout ________ a well brought-up European does not make such
house looked dull and empty _________ Tammanna’s books were not there. _________ he disgusting noise when eating soup.
started inviting scholars, poets and musicians to his place. (while, because, if, anyway)
(therefore, nevertheless, but, because) 38. Japanese who live on a hopelessly overcrowded island have to respect one another’s
30. The gardener started narrating the story of Tammanna and Basavaiah to the owner’s privacy. _________ rather, would have to __________ they had any privacy. ______ they
wife. _______ proceeding with the story, he started fumbling for words _______ he had don’t. ________ courtesy has a double function in Japan.
made a mistake. The owner’s wife was not interested in the story. She felt like going away (but, if, or, so)
_______ stayed back _______ she did not want to hurt the old man. 39. Japanese are said to be well-mannered _________ they respect each other’s privacy.
(but, after, as though, as) You can conduct your most confidential business transactions and love-quarrels in public
31. Rivalry between Tammanna and Basavaiah looked like healthy competition in the _______ in perfect privacy. Anybody could listen in ________ nobody does. _________ a
beginning. _______ it rose to such a pitch _______ they started competing in buying each telephone-receiver is a man’s castle in Japan.
acre of land in the village. _______ no land in the village was left for buying. Even then (yet, therefore, but, because)
Basavaiah was not happy _______ he had 200 acres less than Tammanna. 40. Nobody hurries in Brazil. The people of Brazil are leisurely ________ they seem to have
(because, finally, gradually, that) all the time in the world _________ decorate the pavements they walk on. __________ ,
32. Basavaiah sent word that he was prepared to buy Tammanna’s 200 acres of land. This the drivers in Brazil drive so fast _________ every tenth of a second is of grave importance.
made Tammanna furious. _______ he said he was prepared to buy all the land _______ (in order to, and, however, as though)
belonged to Basavaiah. _______ Basavaiah forcibly acquired 200 acres of Tammanna’s land. 41. Bowing in Japan is not only quainter but infectious. _________ spending some time in
_______ the enmity between them became fierce and sucked in all their supporters. Japan, one starts bowing __________ he or she has been there forever. ____________ when
(as a result, in turn, which, instead) a person bows, it is too deep or not too deep enough __________ the outsider is not familiar
33. My mother was an extraordinary person and I should speak, above all, of her kindness with the complexities of bowing.
toward me. _________ I’ll tell you a secret of mine _________ I feel somewhat guilty for not (as though, after, however, because)
having been a happy man __________ have given her a deserved happiness. __________I 42. Motor cars are extremely expensive in Brazil ____________ of crippling and murderous
feel I should have been more understanding of her. import duties. __________ almost everyone owns a car here. ___________ the roads in
(because, but, therefore, in order to) Brazil have heavy traffic. ____________ the pedestrian’s life is becoming more hazardous
34. Borges believes that metaphors, ________ they are truly metaphors, exist from the every day.
beginning of time. ________ we express them differently, he asserts. In his view, all (thus, hence, yet, because)
metaphors can be reduced to five or six ________ seem to be essential metaphors. He says 43. One of the American states had an early traffic law ________laid down (emphasized the
that the poet’s task is to discover metaphors ________ they may already exist. rule) _________if two cars met at an intersection; neither was to move before the other had
(even though, if, which, but)

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gone. _________, if two Japanese bow, neither is to straighten up ________stand erect 52. Cycling has had very definite economic implications. It boosts their income. ________
before the other does. for sellers it cuts down on time wasted in waiting for buses. ________ it gives them much
(which, likewise, nor, that) more time to focus on selling their produce. ________ it enlarges the area they hope to
44. Import duties in Brazil are crippling and murderous. _______ motor cars are extremely cover. ________ it increases their leisure time, too.
expensive. Hardly anyone can afford a car. _________ this only means that the number of (thus, firstly, furthermore, on top of that)
motor vehicles is growing by leaps and bounds, almost as if cars were distributed free of
charge to all and sundry. _________ the pedestrian’s life is becoming more hazardous every Reading Comprehension (Unseen Passages)
day. It is not that drivers do not care about them. The pedestrians need to step off the  Questions set shall be factual and few inferential ones. (The first question shall
pavements _________ they were seen by the drivers! not be based on the first line of the paragraph – it shall be chosen from other part
(as soon as, thus, yet, so) of the passage – idea is to test comprehension ability of the learner)
45. Roof was a young and energetic man. He never left his village _______ seek work in the  One question on synonym/antonym shall be there
towns _______ decided to remain to guide his people. _______ he was very popular.  Answers to question number 28 (a –j) and 29 (i–iii) should be in sequence and at
_______ he was an expert in election campaigning. one place.
(moreover, but, in order to, so) Q. No. 28 (a-j)
46. Everything was moving according to plan. _______ Roof had received a strange visit from 1. Over a hundred years ago, the carrying of mail was a hazardous venture; and the mail
the leader of POP campaign team. _______ he and Roof were well known _______ might runner or ‘hirkara’ as he was called, had to be armed with a sword or spear. That was before
even be called friends, the visit was business-like. He placed five pounds on the floor before railways and air services made the delivery of mail a routine affair. Though the first public
Roof. _______ Roof spoke his eyes never left the red notes on the floor. postal service was introduced in India by Warren Hastings in 1774, the kings and emperors
(and, although, then, as) of India had always maintained their own personal postal system. Their rule was effective
47. Roof was a very popular man in his village. _______ the villagers did not explain it in so partly due to excellent means of communication by which dispatches were passed on from
many words, Roof’s popularity was a measure of their gratitude to an energetic young man hand to hand either by runners or horsemen. When Ibna Batuta was travelling in India, in
_______, unlike most of his fellows nowadays, had not abandoned the village _______ seek the middle of the 14th century, he found an organised system of couriers established
work, any work in the towns. And Roof was not a village lout _______ . throughout the country by Mohammed Bin Tughlak.
(who, although, either, in order to) “There is a foot courier at a distance of every mile”, wrote Ibna Batuta, “and at every three
48. Roof’s heart nearly flew out _______ he saw the iyi _______ he knew the fame of miles there is an inhabited village, and outside it three sentry boxes, where the couriers sit.
Mbanta well. _______ , he was certain that a single vote would not defeat Marcus. _______ In the hands of each is a whip about two cubits long, and upon the head of this are small
he agreed to swear on the iyi. bells. Whenever one of the couriers leaves any city, he takes his dispatches in one hand and
(hence, when, however, as) the whip, which he keeps constantly shaking, in the other. In this manner he proceeds to
49. He could tell the mood __________temper of the electorate at any given time. the nearest foot courier and as he approaches, shakes his whip, upon this comes another
________he had warned the Minister months ago _________the radical change that had man who takes the dispatches and proceeds to the next. It is for this reason that the Sultan
come into the thinking of Umuofia _________the last national election. receives his dispatches in so short a time.” This system was of course established for the
(For instance, about, and, since) convenience of the Emperor and was continued with various innovations by successive
50. Up to last night everything had been “moving according to plan,” ___________ Roof Moghul emperors in the 18th century.
would have put it. Then he had received a strange visit from the leader of the POP campaign The East India Company established a postal system of its own to facilitate the conveyance
team. ___________ he and Roof were well known to each other, __________ might even of letters between different offices; but it was only during Warren Hastings’ administration
be called friends, his visit was cold and business-like. No words were wasted. He placed five that a post master General was appointed and the general public could avail of the service,
pounds on the floor ___________ Roof. paying a fee on their letter.
(Although, and, before, as) 28) a. What was the mail runner called as?
51. Cycling made women independent __________ it reduced their dependence on men. b. Who introduced the first postal service in India?
______________ it gave them a sense of freedom. ________ they had to put up with vicious c. Whom did the kings and emperors prefer to deliver their dispatches?
attacks on their character. ___________ all women in Pudukottai learnt cycling. d. When did Ibna Batuta travel in India?
(more over, as, even then, but) e. What did Mommed Bin Tughlak establish?

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f. Where do the couriers sit? d. Who was W. S. Millard?
g. Which word in the passage means ‘new ideas or techniques’? e. Where was Salim appointed as a guide?
h. As the courier approaches the nearest foot–courier near an inhabited village/city he f. How long had Salim been in Germany?
.................. g. Salim was famous for his role in the ............ (protecting/protection) of nature.
a) shouts out loudly. h. Mention the title of the book written by Salim.
b) shakes the whip. i. Pick out and write the word which means ‘Study of Birds’ in the passage.
c) whistles and sings. j. Which award was conferred on Salim Ali by Government of India?
i. Kings and emperors would successfully............... (communication/communicate) with
each other through couriers. 3. A remarkable story of personal survival ever published was that of an American Corps
j. When was the post master General appointed? pilot named Lieutenant Colonel William Rankin. It was on 26th July, 1959, that colonel
Rankin was flying at an altitude of 47,000 feet over South Carolina, when the red fire-
2. A ten years old boy saw a flying bird and shot it down. He ran and picked it up. The bird warning light flashed on in the cock pit of his crusader Jet fighter plane. At the same time
looked like a house sparrow, but it had a yellow patch on the throat. The child had not seen he felt jerking and shaking.
such spots before. The puzzled boy took the sparrow to his uncle Amiruddeen and asked After communication with a companion air craft on his radio, Colonel Rankin decided to
him what kind of bird it was. His uncle was not able to satisfy his curiosity. He took the boy make an emergency exit from his falling plane by using the ejection seat. It is all the more
to the office of Bombay Natural History Society and introduced him to W. S. Millard, the of interest and essential to point out that up to that moment, nobody had ever ejected from
Honorary Secretary of the society. a plane flying at 500 miles per hour and such an altitude. Outside the protection of his
Millard was surprised to find such a young boy keen to know about the birds. He took him pressurised cockpit, the pilot had to face an air temperature of 70 degrees below zero, and
around the room and showed him many stuffed birds. The child became more curious about a low atmospheric pressure which was liable to make his blood boil especially when he was
birds. wearing only flying suit, helmet, gloves and ordinary footwear. His parachute was designed
Thereafter, the boy started coming to his office frequently to learn about identifying and to open automatically at 10,000 feet but as he glanced below, the colonel saw to his horror
preserving birds. The boy was Salim Moizuddin Abdul Ali, later known as Salim Ali, the bird that he was falling straight into the centre of a huge, black thunder cloud. Powerless to do
watcher. Salim Ali was born on November 12, 1896. He did a course in zoology and was anything he gritted his teeth and awaited the sudden jerk of his opening parachute. As its
appointed a guide at the museum of Bombay Natural History Society. During the course of reassuring canopy blossomed out above him, he felt another tremendous blast as the
this work he became more and more eager to study the living conditions of the birds. With terrible forces of wind and hail inside thunder cloud battered his body.
this aim he went to Germany. After one year, he returned to India. In his absence, his post Instead of descending at a normal rate of about 1,000 feet per minute, a powerful up
in the museum had been abolished for lack of funds. He would sit under the trees current of air sent him up, until he was floating on the clouds which enclosed him from all
throughout the day and write in his note book about the activities of the weaver bird. In directions. Suddenly there was thunder and lightning. The next instant, he would again be
1930 he published a research paper on the nature and the activities of the weaver bird. The flying upwards until his shoulders ached with the drag. Every second he feared his parachute
published papers brought him fame and recognition in the fields of Ornithology. After this, would tear into pieces.
he travelled to various places to study about birds and wrote a book titled ‘The Book of After tearing winds and crashing sounds, the Colonel gradually felt the turbulence lessening.
Indian Birds’ which was published in 1941. The book gave information about 538 Species of Then, at last he caught a glimpse of green field below him. He had finally emerged from the
Indian birds. Because of his deep knowledge about the birds, people started calling him the giant thunder cloud which had held him prisoner for over half an hour. In fact, his descent,
moving encyclopaedia of birds. He worked not only in the study of birds but also in the field which would normally have lasted ten minutes, had taken forty minutes.
of protection of nature. He was given an International award of Rs. 5, 00,000 which he 28. a. When did the incident mentioned in the passage take place?
donated to the Bombay Natural History Society. In 1983, he was awarded the Padma b. Where was Colonel Rankin flying over at the time of accident?
Vibhushan by the Government of India. When this ninety-year old ornithologist died on 20 c. What warned Rankin about the calamity?
June 1987, the birds lost their godfather and d. Mention any one of the problems faced by him when he ejected out of the cockpit.
friend. e. Where did the colonel land straight into?
28. a. Which bird had the boy shot down? f. What battered his body inside the thunder cloud?
b. What difference did the boy see about the bird? g. Add suffix to the word ‘power’ to make its antonym.
c. Name the boy’s uncle. h. He caught a glimpse of green field below. Here the word ‘glimpse’ means

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a) caught sight of. b) couldn’t see anything. c) saw far of fire. Egypt, about 12 Km from Cairo. The statue has mysterious eyes and enigmatic expression.
i. How long was Rankin enclosed in the thunder cloud? It gazes over the desert with a kind of mystical superiority. It is one of the most historical
j. The Colonel ‘gritted his teeth’. The idiomatic expression means monuments in the world.
a) to be afraid. b) to be cold. c) to be angry. The Sphinx was carved out of the hill rock left over from the building of the Great Pyramid.
It is about 20 m in height and 70m in length. According to the popular belief, it was made
4. George Bernard Shaw, one of the greatest playwrights of all times was born in Dublin on some 5000 years ago to resemble the face of Chephren, a king of the fourth dynasty. It was
26th July, 1856. As a young man he was terribly shy and to hide his shyness he developed a built during the reign of the Egyptian king Khafre.
very gruff manner and voice which some people mistook as rudeness. However, his close Why was the Sphinx built? The Sphinx was a mystical monster. The Greeks thought of it as
friends understood him better as he was the very essence of kindness to those whom he having the head of a woman, and body of a lion with wings. The Egyptians thought of it as
loved and associated with. a wingless lion with the head and breast of a man. It was believed that the Sphinx would
At the early age of fourteen, he obtained employment as a junior clerk and though he was ward off all evils from the cemetery around the pyramids.
quite good at his work, he hated it. So he quit his job and went to London in search of other Apart from the great Sphinx of Giza, there are many other Sphinxes in Egypt. Their heads
employment. Before long a newspaper office hired him and he took up employment as critic represent different kings. In ancient Egypt, kings were considered to be descendants of the
of books, music and plays. His duty was to attend the various plays staged and give his Sun God called Rio. When a king died, he himself was supposed to become the Sun God.
opinion on them for publication. It was then that he decided to write his own plays. The Kings were also believed to have the strength of various beasts. So the Egyptians sculpted
plays he wrote and produced were a tremendous success. In no time he became world their Gods and kings in the shape of half human and half beast. There is another Sphinx with
famous as a playwright. a female face. It is made after the queen of Hatsphepsut, who had seized the throne and
Many film companies approached him to use his plays for making movies, but he never liked ruled the country. This Sphinx has a beard which represents queen Hatsphepsut’s masculine
the idea and turned them down. Finally, he consented to allow his play ‘Pygmalion’ to be powers.
made into a film. This plays depicts the story of a little flower girl, who was trained by an 28. a. Where can one come across the Sphinx?
English professor to speak proper English. In fact, the professor succeeded in transforming b. What expression is seen on the face of Sphinx of Giza?
her from an uneducated flower girl into a refined lady. Years later, this play was made into c. Which left over rock was used to carve the Sphinx?
a musical hit - the d. Whose face does the Sphinx of Giza resemble?
legendary, ‘My Fair Lady’. And it became a worldwide success. Shaw used the huge money e. Name the Sun God of Egypt mentioned in the passage.
earned from this, to worthy causes, such as the enlargement of National Gallery of Ireland, f. Add suitable prefix to the word ‘Popular’ to make its antonym.
the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art and the British museum. The film ‘My Fair Lady’ is about g. Whose face does the Sphinx with female face resemble?
how complicated English language is and the difficulties faced by Eliza, the flower girl to h. The Egyptians................. (believe/belief) that Sphinxes have mystical powers.
learn and master this language. He lived long enough to see people all over the world enjoy i. Why is there a beard on the face of the female Sphinx?
his plays. He died at the ripe old age of ninety-four. j. In what form were the Gods and kings in Egypt Sculptured?
28. a. How did Bernard Shaw try to hide his shyness?
b. How old was Bernard Shaw, when he took up his first job?
c. Where did Bernard Shaw go after quitting his job? Poetry Comprehension (Q.No.29)
d. Which of his plays was made into a first film? Shall be selected from the poems given in the Work Book.
e. Name the little flower girl who appears in the musical hit ‘My Fair Lady’. 1. I met a traveller from an antique land
f. Add suitable prefix to the word ‘educated’ to form its antonym. Who said : two vast and trunkless legs of stone
g. Mention any one of the causes which Shaw contributed the money earned by him. Stand in the desert. Near them on the sand,
h. Who trained the flower girl to become a refined lady? Half sunk, a shatter’d visage lies, whose frown
i. How old was Shaw, when he died? i) Where had the traveller come from?
j. English language is full of........... (complication/complications) ii) What did the traveller see standing in the desert?
iii) What was the expression on the shattered visage?
5. If you visit the three pyramids of Giza, you will be surprised to see a colossal statue of a
beast with a man’s head and a lion’s body. This is the great Sphinx that sits in the desert of

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 iii) What does the bird sing of?
2. Lord, I am so tired. 7. I passed along the waters’ edge below the humid trees.
Tired I entered this world. My spirit rocked in evening light, the rushes round my knees,
Far have I wandered since the cock crew, My spirit rocked in sleep and sighs; and saw the moorfowl pace
And the road to school is steep. i) Where was the speaker walking?
i) Who is the speaker addressing? ii) What rocked in evening light?
ii) The time of the day ‘since the cock crew’ suggests is iii) Name the bird mentioned in the above lines.
a) early morning. b) evening. c) noon.
iii) How is the road to school according to the speaker? 8. Not marble nor the gilded monuments
Of princes shall outlive this pow’rful rhyme:
3. Barefoot, I want to tread the red-hot paths, But you shall shine more bright in these contents
That boil in midday sun, Than unswept stone, besmear’d with sluttish time.
And then lie down to sleep beneath a Mango tree. i) What cannot outlive this powerful rhyme?
i) How does the speaker want to tread the red-hot paths? ii) These monuments are erected by __________
ii) What boil in midday sun? a) common people. b) princes. c) the locals.
iii) Where does the speaker want to lie down? iii) How is time personified?

4. Child, 9. At the corner of Wood Street, when daylight appears,

Child, how happy you are sitting in the dust, playing with a broken twig all the morning! Hangs a thrush that sings loud, it has sung for three years:
I smile at your play with that little bit of a broken twig. Poor Susan has passed by the spot, and has heard
I am busy with my accounts, adding up figures by the hour. In the silence of morning the song of the Bird.
i) Where is the child sitting? i) Where does Susan come across the thrush?
ii) What is the child playing with? ii) How long has the thrush been singing?
iii) What is the speaker busy with? iii) When has Susan heard the song of the bird?

5. Child, I have forgotten the art of being absorbed in sticks and mud-pies. 10. Two roads diverged in a yellow wood,
I seek out costly playthings, and gather lumps of gold and silver. And sorry I could not travel both
With whatever you find you create your glad games. And be one traveller, long I stood
i) What has the speaker forgotten? And looked down one as far as I could
ii) What wealth does the speaker gather? To where it bent in the undergrowth ;
iii) Who does ‘you’ in the last line refer to? i) What colour is the wood?
ii) The speaker sees before him
6. The caged bird sings a) a dense forest. b) two roads diverging in a forest. c) a crossing.
with a fearful trill iii) How many travellers are there?
of things unknown
but longed for still 11. Seven years I could not walk a step.
and his tune is heard When I to the great physician came
on the distant hill He demanded: Why the crutches ?
for the caged bird And I told him: I am lame.
sings of freedom. i) For how many years could the speaker not walk?
i) How does the caged bird sing? ii) Whom does the speaker meet?
ii) Where is the bird’s tune heard? iii) Why does the speaker use crutches?

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12. This above all is precious and remarkable, ii) A game which is mentioned in the above lines is ________ .
How we put ourselves in one another’s care, iii) What is very hard to explain?
How in spite of everything we trust each other.
i) Where do we put ourselves? 17. Four Seasons fill the measure of the year;
ii) The above lines talk about There are four seasons in the mind of man:
a) human goodness. b) sea of life. c) miracles. He has his lusty Spring, when fancy clear
iii) Mention the word from the third line that keeps everyone united. Takes in all beauty with an easy span:
i) How many seasons are in the mind of man?
13. Bangle sellers are we who bear ii) The season mentioned in the above lines is ___________ .
Our shining loads to the temple fair... iii) Here spring is described as being
Who will buy these delicate, bright a) very short and happy b) sad and dreaming c) idle
Rainbow-tinted circles of light?
Lustrous tokens of radiant lives, Note making
For happy daughters and happy wives. Q. No.VI. 32. Read the following passage and make notes by drawing and filling in the
i) Where are the bangle sellers taking their shining loads to? boxes given below: 8X½=4
ii) How are the hawkers describing the bangles? 1. Tuberculosis is a disease caused by an infection with the bacteria mycobacterium
iii) Whom are they urging to buy bangles for? tuberculosis. The disease is common in areas of the world where poverty, malnutrition and
poor general health are present. First and foremost tuberculosis is a disease of lungs. Typical
14. That murmur, soon replies: “God doth not need sign of tuberculosis are chronic cough and sputum production. Fatigue, lack of appetite,
Either man’s work or his own gifts: who best weight loss, fever and night sweats are the symptoms of tuberculosis.
Bear His mild yoke, they serve Him best
i) What does God not need?
ii) In ‘Bear His mild yoke’, His refers to _________ .
iii) How do they serve the God?

15. Rose a nurse of ninety years,

Set his child upon her knee—
Like summer tempest came her tears—
”Sweet my child, I live for thee.”
i) How old was the nurse?
ii) Her tears are compared to __________ .
iii) Who does the mother want to live for?

16. Some words have different meanings,

and yet they’re spelt the same.
A cricket is an insect,
to play it — it’s a game.
On every hand, in every land,
it’s thoroughly agreed,
the English language to explain
is very hard indeed.
i) What have different meanings yet spelt the same?

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2. Bird Flu is a disease caused by ‘avian influenza’ viruses. It occurs naturally among birds. It 4. Corruption is an illegal bribe received for doing some work for somebody. It demands
is a contagious disease. It generally attacks chicken, ducks and turkeys. It was first found in extra offer for duty. Various types of corruptions such as bribery, nepotism, misuse of public
South Africa in 1964. Actually, it spreads very rapidly among birds, and destroys their money, dereliction of duty are commonly found in India. Favoritism is one of the widely
internal organs. The mortality rate reaches up to 100% within 48 hours. Migratory practiced forms of corruption. Educational system in India is also infested with corrupt
waterfowls, especially ducks, carry the viruses from one place to the other. officials and greedy administrators. The solution to this problem is to make our education
ethical, moral and patriotic.

3. The first piece of paper was produced from rags in 105 AD. It is made from cellulose fibre,
the source of which can be pulped wood, or a variety of other materials such as rags, cotton,
grasses, sugar cane, straw, waste paper, or even elephant dung. Wood pulp is the most
common source material for the manufacture of virgin paper, i.e., paper which has no
recycled content. Trees are cut down to make wood pulp. In the process, forests are fast
disappearing. So, people are encouraged to recycle paper. But paper cannot be recycled
indefinitely. It can be recycled 4 – 6 times as the fibres get shorter and weaker each time.
So, some virgin pulp is introduced into the process to maintain the strength and the quality
of fibre.

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 Q 33. Letter of Job Application BIO-DATA
Name : XXX
XXX
Address : YYY
YYY
Date of Birth : 01.01.1993
DATE: ____________________ Qualification : ____________________.
Languages known : English, Kannada, Hindi.
To Experience : One Year in a Private School.

The ____________________

Model Letter of Application

________________________
Write a letter of application in response to the following advertisement which appeared in
________________________ ‘The New Indian Express’ dated 12th January, 2023

Respected Sir/ Madam (write XXX for Name and YYY for Address):

Subject: Application for the post of ____________________. Wanted: Assistant Teachers

Qualification: B.Sc., B.Ed.
Required : Fluency in Kannada and English
Reference: With reference to the Advertisement appeared in the newspaper
Knowledge of computer is appreciated.
____________________’ dated ____________________ . Apply within 10 days to: The Head Master,
In response to your advertisement in ____________________ dated S.V.M. High School,
Vidyanagar, Hubballi
____________________, for the post of ____________________, I wish to submit my
application. I have indicated details of my qualification, experience, etc., in the enclosed
bio-data for your kind reference. Should you require any further information, I shall be
glad to give it either in person or by post.

Thank you.

Yours sincerely

XXX
pg. 15 SUNIL VAIJAPURE, GOVT PRE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, KAMTHANA, TQ & DIST BIDAR

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Q 33. Letter of Job Application BIO-DATA

XXX Name : XXX

YYY
Address : YYY
th
Date: 13 January 2023
Date of Birth : 01.06.1993
To
The Head Master, Qualification : B.Sc., B.Ed.
S.V.M. High School,
Languages known : English, Kannada, Hindi.
Vidyanagar
Hubballi Experience : Five Years

Respected Sir/ Madam

Subject: Application for the post of Assistant Teacher.

Reference: With reference to the Advertisement appeared in the

newspaper ‘The New Indian Express’ dated 13th January 2023.

In response to your advertisement in ‘The New Indian Express’ dated

13th January 2023, for the post of ‘Assistant Teacher’, I wish to submit my
application. I have indicated details of my qualification, experience, etc., in
the enclosed bio-data for your kind reference. Should you require any
further information, I shall be glad to furnish it either in person or by post.

Thank you.

Yours sincerely

XXX
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PRONOUNS AND REFERENCES 8) Hans offered to go with volunteer team which(i) was going back into the sea to rescue
the lone survivor who(ii) had been left behind. Hans’s mother pleaded him(iii) not to go, as
VII. 35. What do the italicized words in the following paragraph refer to? 4x1 = 04 he was all that she(iv) had in the world.
1) Nowadays mobile phone has become an essential thing. People are using it (i) i (i) which : ____________ (ii) who : _________ (iii) him : ___________ (iv) she :
everywhere. But it is disturbing them (ii) to the maximum extent. It harms their health. Even _________
school children also use it. They (iii) are losing their concentration due to it. It also harms
their impulses. Many species of birds are at the edge of extinct because of this modern 9) The king was upset and sad to see his(i) wife heartbroken. He was finding ways to make
gadget. It has continuous radiation when in use. Almost all living beings will be affected by her(ii) laugh. On the day of Gai Jatra, a procession passed in front of the palace and the
this (iv) if care is not taken. queen stood watching it(iii). The participants began ridiculing the important people and the
i) it : ____________ ii) them : __________ iii) They : _________ iv) this : __________ social system. Seeing them(iv), the queen could not hold back her laughter.
2) The scientist dropped the bags on his (i) back and prepared to sit on a rock. The rock on i (i) his : ___________ (ii) her : __________ (iii) it : __________ (iv) them :
which (ii) he was about to sit turned out to be a lemming. It (iii) asked the scientist to be _____________
careful. He was astonished and he (iv) couldn’t believe that an animal like lemming could 10) Rivers continue to be a very important source of food. Apart from being a rich source of
speak. fish, they(i) indirectly aid the agriculture which(ii) is a major occupation of people across
i) his : __________ ii) which : __________ iii) It : __________ iv) he : __________ 3) the world. Farmers in dry regions, where(iii) rains are scarce, irrigate their(iv) cropland using
Nowadays mobile phones are creating a lot of problems. People are using mobile water carried by irrigation canals from nearby rivers.
everywhere. It (i) is disturbing us (ii) to the maximum extent. It harms our health. Even (i) they : __________ (ii) which : _________ (iii) where : _________ (iv) their : __________
school children also use it. It harms their (iii) impulses. Many species of birds are at the edge 11) Baba Amte says, ‘I (i) am optimistic about the future of India. It (ii) is sacred. People
of extinct due to this modern gadget which (iv) has continuous radiation when in use. those who (iii) are unwanted and dubbed as the most unclean can create a forest of bliss
i) It : ____________ ii) us : __________ iii) their : __________ iv) which : ___________ here (iv) on this earth.
4) Grammar is a set of rules. It is difficult for us (i) to learn all of them (ii) by heart. Many i) I: ______ ii) It: ______ iii) who: _______ iv) here: ________
Grammarians have written many books in which (iii) they have put their (iv) efforts to make 12) Sant Kabir was one of the greatest poets of India. He was a weaver of Benaras which is
it easy. (PP-III-2012) also called as Varanasi. Born a Brahmin, he was brought up by a Muslim who was a weaver.
i) us : ____________ ii) them : _________ iii) which : __________ iv) their : ___________ He began to compose all his experiences in Doha - couplets. They are usually consist of two
5) Have you heard of the Great Wall of China? Iti is one the wonders of the world. Itsii lines.
construction was started in about 221 B.C. The great Emperor Shih Haung Ti joined three (i) He : _________ (ii) which : _________ (iii) who : _________ (iv) They : _________
earlier frontier walls to it. Heiiidied in 210 B.B. Meng Tien was his General. Heiv did most in 14) Long ago Agrasen was the King of Kapila state. He (i) was a brave king and his people
carrying out the Emperor’s plans for construction of the wall. were happy and prosperous. Agrasen had everything but had no son. A saint came to stay
i) It: ____________ ii) Its: _________ iii) He: ___________ iv) He: _____________ in a forest near his (ii) Kingdom. He (iii) offered the King a magical herb which (iv) the King
6) Lal Bahadur Shastry was born in a middle class family. He rose to the high position as the consumed, soon the King was blessed with a child.
Prime Minister by his sincerity, hard work and sheer merit. He lost his father at the age of 1. He :__________ 2) His :_________ 3) He :___________ 4) Which :_________
two, so spent his childhood in his maternal grandparents’ house. They looked after him with 15) One day when Newton was drinking tea in the garden, he(1) saw an apple fall to the
a lot of love and care. He was poor and had to cross the river Ganga to go to school. During ground. He started thinking about why it(2) fell off the tree? Are the sun, the moon and the
rainy season it overflowed but he risked his life and used to swim across the river Ganga. stars falling? Why they(3) don't fall to the ground? He finally decided that a force called
(i) He ___________ (ii) his ___________ (iii) They ___________ (iv) it ___________ gravity which(4) caused the apple to fall also kept the moon in the sky around the earth and
7) Whenever one of the couriers leaves any city, he (i) takes his dispatches in one hand and kept the planets in the sky around the sun.
the whip with bells in the other, which(ii) he keeps shaking. Upon hearing the sound, 1. he :__________ 2. it :__________ 3. they :__________ 4. which :__________.
another man comes out in the next city and takes these dispatches so that he can deliver 16) One evening before supper, the father noticed his son playing with wood scraps on the
them(iii) to the next city. As a result the Sultan receives his(iv) dispatches in a very short a floor. He (i) asked the child sweetly, "What are you (ii) making?" Just as sweetly, the boy
time. responded, "Oh, I am making a little bowl which (iii) for you and mama to eat your (iv) food
(i) he : ____________ (ii) which : ____________ (iii) them : ____________ (iv) his : from when I grow up."
____________ i i. He : __________ ii. you : _________ iii. which : _______ iv. your : __________

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17) The house in which (i) the aborigines live is called a wurley. It usually consists of two
forked sticks and a crossbar, with strips of bark which are laid against it. They (ii) build such
dwelling-places only when necessary and leave them (iii) when their tribe moves to the next
place. Inside or outside the wurley they make fire of dry wood and they cook their food by
it (iv) on hot ashes.
i) which : __________ ii) They : __________ iii) them : __________ iv) it : __________
18) Young Darwin had a passion for gathering up even insects and minerals and he used to
experiment with them (i). When Darwin was 16, he (ii) joined Edinburg University to study
medicine. However, he was too gentle and tender to become a proper physician. Anatomy,
in particular, which (iii) sickened him. He hated the surgical operations, because they (iv)
had to be performed without any anesthetics at that time. This made Darwin a great failure
as a medical student.
(i) them: ________ (ii) he: _______ (iii) which: _______ (iv) they: ________
19) James Watt, who (i) invented the steam engine, was very fond of mathematics. After
completing his studies, he became a maker of mathematical instruments which (ii) were
useful in many ways. He (iii) invented a steam–engine that (iv) could generate power for the
use of the spinning and weaving mills.
(i) who: ________ (ii) which: _______ (iii) He: _______ (iv) that: ________

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