Class IX ICT Skills

Unit 1. Role of ICT in Day-to-Day Life

1.1 INTRODUCTION TO ICT

Information Technology means creating, managing, storing and exchanging information. It includes all
technologies that can be used to deal with information.

ICT stands for Information

and Communication
Technology which deals
with the use of electronic
media like computer,
smart phone, iPad, etc. to
store process, and retrieve
data or information.
Nowadays, ICT is one of
the basic requirement of
modern society. Even
mobile devices, like, iPad,
smart phones with
Internet connectivity can
be used to perform daily
life tasks.

1.2 ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF ICT IN PERSONAL LIFE AND AT WORKPLACE

Information Technology has become a part of everyday life. ICT applications are found in every field –
education, health, business, design, manufacturing, science, environment. You can create a project
report, do office work, send messages, read books, manage daily planner, play games, listen to music,
watch movies, pay bills, book tickets, buy products, and the list in endless.

1.2.1 ICT at Home

A computer can be used at home to play games, search information, listen to music, watch movies,
send or receive email, maintain household accounts. A device with internet connection can be used
to do online shopping, pay bills, do e-banking etc.

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 1.2.2 ICT in education

ICT for education refers to the development of

information and communications technology
specifically for teaching/learning purposes.

ICT has also become integral to the teaching-

learning process. ICT, to some extent, has replaced
traditional chalkboards with interactive digital
whiteboards. It is used for teaching-learning and
assessment. Teach resources for the teachers are
available.

Students are also using their own smart phones or other devices for learning during class time. Online
assessment is also helpful for students.

The concept of “flipped classroom” is becoming popular in many countries where students watch
lectures at home on the computer and use classroom time for more interactive exercises.

Using ICT tools can lead to

• higher order thinking skills

• provide creative and individualized options for students to express their understandings
• Students are better prepared to deal with ongoing technological change in society and the
workplace.
Some of the advantages of ICT in education are:

• Complex topics can be easily explained to the students with the help of pictures, videos,
presentations, etc.
• Images and videos used for teaching improves the retention memory of the students.
• Presentations can make the lessons interesting.
• Practical demonstration can be given to the students.
• If the teaching process in the class is interactive, it will make the lesson more enjoyable.
• An e-learning program allows students to learn at their own pace, at any convenient time,
and from any place.

1.2.3 ICT in Healthcare

ICT plays an important role in healthcare. Some of the

uses of ICT in health care are:

• Through the right communication media, a

doctor can easily deliver treatment and care to
the patient who is located far away. Doctor can
also continuously monitor the patient’s history,
diagnostic report, and track the current health

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 condition. The Doctor can also interact with patient, recommend to take medical
examination and prescribe medicine.
• Using the ICT tool or a suitable communication system, government can make efforts to
create awareness among the public about the communicable diseases, prevention measures
and various current diagnostic & etc.
• ICT in healthcare research helps to find the possible prevention measures to eradicate and
reduce the spread of diseases.
• Through ICT, the traditional healthcare systems can be eliminated and new models can be
formed for effective quality care.
• Hospitals can use different electronic media to store medical data. This helps to retrieve the
information easily. This data can be transferred to the patient or to the Doctors for
consultation.
• Computer based machines are used for MRI, CT-scan, ultrasound are done in hospitals,
diagnostic centres, to diagnose the diseases.
• Life support systems are provided to the patients
• You can search information on any disease, medicines, etc. on the internet.
1.2.4 ICT in Governance

ICT in governance means using Internet, other electronic media buy the central and state
governments, by local administrative bodies to improve the efficiency, transparency, efficiency
of the government. Many government services are available online. Electronic voting for
elections has replaced the traditional voting slip.

ICT in governance can be help:

• Deliver government services efficiently

• E-governance sites enable people to perform various tasks such as filling a form,
applying for passport, paying bills, property tax, etc. even sitting at home.
1.2.5 ICT in Business

ICT in business can be used for the following purposes:

• Keep records of the stock

• Prepare accounts and balance sheets
• Maintain database of staff and customers
• E-commerce enables people to buy and sell products online.
This service is available 24 x 7.
• E-banking facility helps to make banking transactions at any
time of the day .

1.2.6 Impact of ICT on society

ICT has affected the society in both positive and negative way. We have already discussed the use of
ICT in various fields.

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ICT has divided the society into two groups:

1. Persons who can do their personal and professional work efficiently. They are efficient in using
services like, e-banking, e-learning, e-governance sites, etc.
2. People who do not have access to a computer and internet. They also do not have knowledge to
use facilities available on the internet.
This has resulted in digital divide, which refers to the gap between people who have access to
latest information technologies, like, computer, smart phones, internet, ipad, etc. and have
knowledge to use them and people who do not have access to use these devices.

1.3 ICT in our daily life (examples)

ICT has a great impact in our daily life. Some of the uses of ICT in our daily life are given below:

• We can read newspapers online.

• We can get connected with our friends, relatives or even family members far away from us using
email, messenger, video conferencing etc.
• With the introduction of video conferencing, business meetings are now easier.
• Nowadays people use mobile phone apps to meet and connect with new and old friends.
• Social networks like Facebook.com have played a big role in connecting both old and new
relationships.
• We can access a full library of educational material via a mobile app or website on any
smartphone or iPad.
• Technology has also made the buying and selling of goods and services flexible and a lot safer.
• Most banks now offer online banking facilities. People make use of this service daily to manage
their finances.
• Most businesses use online banking facility to pay employees and transfer money.

Lets Try It

Discuss the role of ICT in different fields.

Worksheet

1. Name any three latest information technologies.

2. What do you mean by digital divide?
3. How is ICT helpful in education?
4. What is the use of ICT in business?
5. What is the role of ICT in e-governance?

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1.4 ICT Tools

ICT tools are devices that are used in Information and communication technology. For example,
computer, smart phone, radio, television, iPad, tablets, etc.

Some of these are discussed below:

1.4.1 Mobile

Mobile phones are the easiest and simplest way of communication. It is small in
size, lightweight and portable. You can stay in touch with your friends, relatives,
anytime and anywhere.

Mobile phones are useful in studies. Students can access the internet on their
mobile phones and get knowledge on any topic.

You can even create documents, make presentations, etc on your smart phones
as you do on your computer.

1.4.2 Tablets

Tablets are small personal computers with a touch screen. Tablets

allows user to input data and instructions through keyboard or mouse.
Learning software called apps can be downloaded onto tablets. You can
also watch videos relevant to your subject.

1.4.3 Radio

Radio is the oldest tool used to provide entertainment and information

to people. You can listen to music, radio shows, etc. on radio.

1.4.4 TV

Television is another important ICT tool. You

can watch music, view programs, etc. on television.

1.4.5 Newspaper

Newspaper is another most important ICT tool. News related to all the
issues , national, international, sports, space, etc, are printed in
newspapers.

1.4.6 Email

Email is the most common way of communication in today’s world. It is the official way of
communication. Some of the advantages of using email are:

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 • You don’t have to pay anything extra for sending or receiving email. You just pay for the
internet connection.
• You can send bulk mails
• The receiver may not be online when you send the email.
• You can send documents, presentations, images, videos, etc. as an attachment to email.
• When you send an email, it reaches, the receiver at any part of the world in few seconds.
1.4.7 Interactive White Boards (Smart Boards)

These boards a allow to project computer . Also handwritten

notes can be taken on the board and saved for later use.

1.4.8 E-readers

E-readers are electronic devices that

can hold hundreds of books in digital
form. E-readers are portable, have a long battery life.

Lets try it

1. Discuss the role and importance of ICT in personal life and at workplace.
2. Discuss use of various ICT tools.

Worksheet

1. Name any three ICT tools.

2. Name the electronic device that can hold hundreds of books in digital form.
3. Mention any three advantages of email.
4. Mention use of tablets.

Session

Prepare poster or collage to show the role of ICT at workplace

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Unit 2. Identify the Various Components of Computer System

2.1 BAISC COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER SYSTEM

A computer is an electronic device that has devices to enter data, store data and process raw facts
and figures according to the given instructions and give the desired result on an output device.

Data: Data refers to raw facts and figures. For example, 123, “English”, etc.
Information: Information refers to processed data. For example, total marks and percentage of a
student.

2.2 HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE

A computer system comprises of hardware and software.

• Computer hardware – Physical parts of a computer such as Input devices, output devices,
central processing unit and storage devices are called computer hardware.
• Computer software – Software are the programs or applications that run on computer.
For example, MS Word, MS PowerPoint, Operating systems, etc.

2.2.1 Computer hardware

The physical components of a computer system are called hardware. A computer basically consists of
following physical components:

• Input unit
• Processing unit
• Storage unit
• Auxiliary storage
• Output unit
<A> Input Devices

Input devices are used for

entering data or instructions
into the computer.

<B> The Central Processing Unit

(CPU)

The Central Processing Unit is

the brain of the computer
system.

Functions of Central Processing

Unit are:

• It controls the sequence of operations within the computer

• It gives commands to other parts of the computer
• It controls the use of main memory for storing data and instructions

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It consists of the following main units:

• Arithmetic and Logic unit (ALU)

• Control Unit (CU)
• Main Memory Unit
<C> Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)

All the calculations and comparisons are done in this

unit.

The ALU performs all the following arithmetic

operations:

+ (addition)
- (subtraction)
*(multiplication)
/(Division)
^(Exponent)
The ALU also performs the following logical operations:
< (less than)
<(greater than)
<= (less than or equal to)
>= (greater than or equal to)
<> (not equal to)
<D> Control Unit

The control unit controls the flow of data from the input devices to memory and from memory to
output devices. It does not process the data.

When the processing begins, the first instruction of the program is selected and fed into the control
section of the primary storage area. It is then interpreted there and then the signals are sent to other
components to perform the necessary action.

The next instruction, is then selected, interpreted, and executed. This is continued till all the
instructions are processed.

<E> Registers

These are temporary storage areas found in CPU of modern computers.

2.2.2 Software

Software is a set of computer programs that perform a particular task.

Following are the categories of softwares:

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 Software

System Utility Application

Software Software Software

Operating Language General Customized

System Processors Purpose Software

Compiler Assembler Interpreter

<A> System Software

System software is a set of one or more programs designed to control the operation of a computer
system.

Operating systems and language processors come under the category of system software.

Operating System

Operating system is a master control program that runs the computer. When the computer is
switched on, operating system is the first program loaded into the computer’s memory.

Examples of operating system are Windows, UNIX, MS-DOS, Mac OS, Solaris, etc.

Language Processors

A computer understands instructions in the form of machine code, i.e., 0 and 1. The programs are
written in English like high level language called source code. The source code must be converted
into machine language in order to be executed. The translator program that is used to convert
source program written in high level language to machine code is called language processor. The
program translated into machine code is called the object program.

Language processor is of three types:

1. Assembler:- It is a program that translates an assembly language program into machine

language.
2. Compiler:-It is a program that translates a high-level language program into machine
language. For example C++ compiler.
3. Interpreter:-It is a program that translates a high-level language into machine language
program line by line. For example, Visual basic Interpreter.

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<C> Application Software

Application software is a computer program that is designed to perform a certain type of work.
This type of software pertains to one specific application. For example, software written to
calculate salary of the school employees cannot be used to prepare school result.

Application softwares can be classified as General purpose software and Specific purpose
application software.

General purpose application software includes word processing software, like, Microsoft Word.,
spreadsheet software, like, Microsoft Excel, etc.

Specific Purpose Application software

Specific purpose application software

are the softwares that perform a
particular task. Examples of specific
purpose application software are
Accounting management software,
Reservation system, Payroll system, etc.

<D> Utility Program

A utility program is used to perform

maintenance work on a system or on the
components of the computer.

Examples of Utility program are;- anti-

virus software, file management
programs, etc.

Antivirus software:- This program helps in detecting and removing viruses. For example, Norton
antivirus, McAffee virus scan, etc.

File management tools:-These tools help in storing, searching, and sorting files and folders on the
system. For example, Windows Explorer.

Compression:- This program helps in compression of large files so that they take less storage
space. For example, WinZip.

Disk Management Tools:- These programs include

• Disk Cleaner:-This utility scans for the files that have not been used since long. These files may
be occupying large amount of space. It prompts the user to delete such files to create more
disk space.
• Disk Defragmenter:-It rearranges the files and free space on the computer so that files are
stored in contiguous and free space is consolidated in one contiguous block. This speeds up
the disk access.

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• Backup:- backup means making a duplicate of the files and data stored on the computer. This
program is used to take backup copy of the data. In case the original data is lost, the backed
up data can be used.

Lets Try It

1. Discuss various components of a computer system.

2. List few hardware devices.
3. List names of few softwares.
4. Identify and name application software(s) installed in your computer.
5. Identify and name anti-virus software installed in your computer.
6. Identify few Utility softwares in your computer system.
7. Discuss different types of softwares.

Worksheet 1

1. What is the difference between system software and application software?

2. Name any three disk management tools.
3. Name the program that rearranges the files and folders in the computer system.
4. Give example of file management tool.
5. Name the types of language processors.

Worksheet 2

1. Give full form of the following:

a. ALU
b. CU
c. CPU
2. Name the unit of computer that controls the flow of data from input device to memory.
3. Name logical operations that can be performed in ALU.
4. Identify the following arithmetic operations:
a. *
b. ^
c. /
5. Which unit of computer is called the brain of the computer?
6. Identify as hardware or software.
Monitor
MS Word
Operating system
Mouse
Keyboard
MS PowerPoint
7. Differentiate between hardware and software.
8. What is the difference between data and information/
9. Name the unit of computer where arithmetic operations are performed.
10. Name any three input devices.

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2.3 PRIMARY AND SECONDARY MEMORY

The storage unit consists of the following components:

• Primary storage
• Temporary Storage
2.3.1 Primary Storage

The primary storage is also called the primary memory. It is directly accessible by the CPU. It can be:

• RAM (Random Access Memory)

• ROM (Read Only Memory)
Functions of primary memory are:

• Here data is fed and held until it is ready to be accessed.

• It is used to hold the data being processed and the intermediate results of processing.
• It holds the result of the processing.
• It holds the processing instructions.
<A> Memory Units

Units of computer memory are:- Bit (Binary Digit), Byte (Kilobyte, Megabyte, GigaByte, TeraByte,
PetaByte, ExaByte, ZettaByte, YottaByte)

The elementary unit of memory is a bit. A group of 4 bits is called a nibble and a group of 8 bits is
called a byte.

One byte is the minimum space required to store one character.

1 Byte = 8 bits

One kilobyte (KB) = 1024 bytes

One Megabyte (MB) = 1024 KB = 1024 x 1024 bytes

One Gigabyte (GB) = 1024 MB =1024 x 1024 x 1024 bytes

One Terabyte (TB) = 1024 GB = 1024 x 1024 x 1024 x 1024 bytes

One petabyte (PB) = 1024 TB=1024 x 1024 x 1024 x 1024 x 1024 bytes

One ExaByte (EB)=1024 PB=1024 x 1024 x1024 x 1024 x 1024 x 1024 bytes

One ZettaByte (ZB)=1024 EB)= 1024 x 1024 x 1024 x1024 x 1024 x 1024 x 1024 bytes

<B> Random Access Memory (RAM)

RAM is used to hold active information of data and instructions. Information in RAM is stored in
random order, that is why it is known as Random Access Memory.

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It is a temporary memory. When power supply is switched off, the information stored in RAM is lost,
so it is also known as volatile memory.

It is also known as read/write memory as information can be read from RAM and also written onto it.
Information stored in RAM may be erased or written over.

<C> Read-Only memory (ROM)

ROM is a part of computer’s main memory. It is used to store the instructions provided by the
manufacturer to check basic hardware and to load operating system from appropriate storage device.

The storage of data and instructions in ROM is permanent until it is written over.

The contents of the ROM are not lost when power supply is switched off. That is why, ROM is called
non-volatile memory.

2.3.2 Secondary Storage

Since the computer’s main memory stores the data and information temporarily, the secondary
memory is used. Secondary memory is sued to store bulk of information.

The information stored in secondary memory is not lost, so it is also a non-volatile memory. These
devices are non-volatile as data is stored in these devices till it is deleted.

Secondary storage devices include hard disk, CD, DVDs, Pen drive , etc.

2.4 INPUT, OUTPUT AND STORAGE DEVICES

<A> Input devices

Input devices are used for entering data or

instructions into the computer.

Another most important device that is

commonly used is the computer mouse. It is a
pointing device that is used to point to an
object or menu option on the computer
screen. It can also be used to open a document
or a software. Mouse can also be used to move
the selected object by using drag-and-drop
method.

Scanners are another important hardware devices that are used to convert a picture or text in a book
or page in a digital form.

<B> Output Devices

The output unit comprises of devices such as Monitor, Printer, speaker, etc. to display information to
the user.

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<C> Storage Devices

All computers have a hard disk drive installed in them. It is used to

store files of Operating system, softwares and other files. A
computer cannot function without this installed hard disk drive.

Nowadays, external hard disk drives

are used to take backup of data on the
computer. External hard disk drives are available in different sizes and
storage capacity. These are potable and can be moved from one place
to another easily.

Lets Try It

1. Discuss different secondary storage devices, their uses and their storage capacities.
2. Name a few external storage devices.
3. Discuss various output devices and their uses.

Worksheet

1. Give full form of the following:

a. RAM
b. ROM
2. Which memory- RAM or ROM is called the volatile memory and why?
3. Name the parts of primary memory.
4. What is one byte?
5. Complete the following:
a. 1 KB= ___________Bytes
b. 1 GB = _____________ bytes
6. Arrange in increasing order of storage capacity.
TB, MB, GB, KB, Byte
7. Name the memory which is also known as read/write memory.
8. Name few output devices.
9. Write three functions of primary memory.
10. Name the elementary unit of memory.

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Unit 3. Identify Various Peripheral Devices

3.1 VARIOUS PERIPHERAL DEVICES AND THEIR USES

A peripheral device is an internal or external device that connects directly to a computer but does not
contribute to the computer's primary function, such as computing. It helps end users access and use
the functionalities of a computer.

For example, a computer mouse, keyboard, monitor, printer and scanner.

Different peripheral devices, fall into following three general categories:

1. Input devices, such as a mouse and a keyboard

2. Output devices, such as a monitor and a printer
3. Storage devices, such as a hard drive or flash drive

3.2 EXAMPLES OF PERIPHERAL DEVICES

3.2.1 Input Devices

<A> Keyboard

A keyboard is a device used to enter data directly

into the computer. First six alphabets of first row of
alphabet keys contains alphabets Q, W, E, R, T, Y.
That is why it is known as QWERTY keyboard.

Different types of keyboards are available but

keyboards with 101 keys is the most popular one.

Keyboard can be wired or wireless.

A wired keyboard is attached to the CPU

with a wire. Earlier there were PS2
keyboards. PS2 was a type of port for the
keyboard. Nowadays, there are USB
keyboards.

A wireless keyboard uses radio frequency or Bluetooth technology. A

wireless keyboard can be attached to different gadgets like – PC,
smart phone, tablet or laptop that supports wireless technology.
There are two parts of wireless keyboard – a transmitter and a trans-
receiver. The transmitter is attached to the keyboard and the
receiver is attached
to the CPU or the
parent device.

Multimedia keyboards are very popular as they have

keys to control the media. It includes additional keys to
play, pause, stop, etc for playing the music. There are
keys for controlling the video playback also.

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 Laptops have inbuilt keyboard but they are very delicate.

A virtual keyboard
is not a physical
keyboard. It is not a
hardware but a
software. You must have used a full touch Smart phone.
The keypad of your Smartphone is an example of a virtual
keyboard. In Windows operating System, there is an On
Screen keyboard, which is an example of a virtual
keyboard. It can be made to appear when required.

Different types of keys of the keyboard are:

• Alphanumeric keys are used to type alphabets, numbers and special symbols like $, %, @, A etc.
• Special keys such as Shift, Ctrl, Alt, etc. are used for special functions.
• Function keys such as Fl, F2, F3 etc. are used to give special commands and these commands may
be different for different softwares.
• Cursor Movement keys. These keys are used to move the cursor in a document. These include the
arrow keys, PAGE UP, PAGE DOWN, etc.

Numeric keypad. The numeric keypad is present to the right of the keyboard and can be used to enter
numbers quickly.

<B> Mouse

A mouse is a pointing device and is used to move mouse pointer on a computer

monitor. When you move the mouse on a flat surface, the mouse pointer on the
computer monitor moves in the direction of the mouse’s movement.

A computer mouse may be connected to a computer using wire and connected to PS/2 or USB post.
Some of the computer mouse are wireless.

A mouse usually has two buttons with a scroll wheel in the center.

When you move the mouse, the mouse pointer moves in the same direction on the
screen.

Earlier, mechanical mouse were used. These had a hard

rubber ball that rolled when the mouse was moved. There
were sensors inside the mouse that could detect the
movement and translate it into information that was
interpreted by computer.

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Nowadays, we have Optical mouse that uses an LED sensor to detect the movement of the mouse on
the tabletop and send the information to the computer.

Cordless mouse are also available. These need batteries to give

the power required by the mouse.

A laptop has a touchpad as a mouse.

<C> Joystick

A Joystick is used to play games on the computer. It consists of a vertical stick

that is moved to control objects on the computer screen.

<D> Light pen

A light pen is a pointing device. It is

used to draw directly on the screen. It
can also be used to point to an object or option directly on the
computer screen.

<E> Graphics Tablet

A graphic tablet is used to create digital drawings by hand drawing

image on a flat surface called the tablet using a special pen. This
special pen is called stylus.

<F> Scanner

A scanner is a device that is sued to convert text or image into a digital file.

<G> Barcode Reader

A barcode consists of a combination of thick and thin vertical lines found on

products. The bar code identifies the product and the manufacturer. These
barcodes can be read by a device called Barcode reader.

<H> Microphone

A microphone is a device used to record your voice and save it in the form of a
digital file in the computer.

Let’s Try

1. Go to a grocery shop/ store. Ask the accountant to demonstrate the use of barcode
reader to read the barcode. Note what happens/appears on the computer screen when
he clicks the barcode.

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 Worksheet

1. A peripheral device can be ___________ or internal.

2. Different categories of peripheral devices are:
_________________
_________________
_________________
3. Name the device used to enter data directly into the computer. _________
4. Name the device used to play games on the computer. _________
5. What is the name given to thick and thin lines on any grocery item called? Name the
device used to read these lines.

_______________________________

_______________________________

3.2.2 Output Devices

<A> Computer Monitor

A computer monitor, resembles a TV screen and can display both

text and images. The output displayed on computer screen is called
the soft copy.

The size of a computer monitor is measured in diagonal length of the

screen. Computer monitors are available in different sizes, 14 inch,
15 inch, 17 inches, etc.

The monitor has a grid of tiny dots called pixels. Information on

monitor is displayed using these pixels. There is a graphics card in
the monitor that helps monitor to display the information. Quality
of the picture depends of the resolution of the computer monitor.
Higher the resolution, i.e. more number of
pixels, better is the quality. Nowadays, monitors
with resolution 1024 x 768 are widely used.

The first computer monitors used Cathode Ray

tubes. They were big in size.

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 Then came the LCD (liquid Crystal Display) monitors. These were thinner and lighter than
Cathode Ray Tube monitors.

The LED (Light -emitting monitors) are very popular.

Touch screen monitors are becoming very popular these

days. In Touchscreen Monitors of computers,
Smartphones, and Tablets, you simply have to touch the
screen to activate a menu option or perform a specific
function. Even ATM’s have touch screen monitors.

<B> Printer

A printer is a device used to print the files stored on the computer on paper. The output produced
on paper is called the hard copy.

Commonly used printers are:

• Dot matrix printer

• Inkjet printer
• Laser printer

Dot matrix printer

It is the most commonly used character printer, i.e, it prints one character at
a time. Most of the dot matrix printers are bidirectional, i.e., they print one
line of text from left to right and then the next line from right to left.

Inkjet Printer

These printers use a continuous stream of ink drops to print on paper.

Inkjet Printer

Laser Printer

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 Laser Printer

These printers print one page at a time and are very fast.

Braille Printers

A Braille Printer or embosser producer Braille printouts, i.e., patterns

Braille Printer of raised dots of computer files. It works with software that translates
text to Braille.

<C> Plotters

A plotter is a device used to print large size engineering

and architectural drawing on a paper or a polyester film.

<D> Speaker

A speaker is a device used to

listen sound from the
computer. Speakers convert
electrical current into sound.
Some computers have built-in speakers while others have external
speakers.

Lets Try It

1. Discuss various input and output devices and their uses.

2. Attach a speaker to your computer and listen to the sound file you created in the
previous session.
3. Identify with the help of your teacher, the type of printer in your computer lab.
4. Teacher can open any document on computer and demonstrate to the students how to
take a print out.

Worksheet

1. Name the device used to listen sound from the computer.

2. Name the printer that prints one page at a time.
3. Differentiate between hard copy and soft copy.
4. Name the printer that prints one character at a time.
5. Name the printer that uses a continuous stream of ink drops to print on paper.

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3.2.3 Storage Devices

<A> CDs/DVDs

Compact Disc (CD) and Digital Versatile disc (DVD) are optical media that is used
to record data from computer. Data can then be read from the CD. To read data
from the CD, we need to have a CD Drive in our computer.

There are two variations of CD-

• CD-R and
• CD-RW
In CD-R, data once recorded can be read only and cannot be erased.
In CD-RW, previously recorded data can be erased and new data can
be recorded.

Both CD and DVD look same in appearance but DVDs can hold much
more data than CDs.

To read data from the DVD, we need to have a DVD driv e in our
computer system. We can read a CD using DVD drive but we cannot
read a DVD using CD drive.

A CD can store upto 700 MB of data whereas a DVD can store 4.7 GB of data.

<B> Pen Drive/Flash Drive

A pen drive is a very small and portable device used to store data from a
computer. It can also be used to access and transfer data. Pen drives are
available in various capacities- 1 GB, 8 GB, 16 GB, 32 GB, etc.

<C> External hard disk

An external hard drive is a storage device located outside of a computer

that is connected through a USB cable or wireless connection. An
external hard disc has a high storage capacity compared to flash
drives and are mostly used to take backup of computer files and other
important data. External hard disk of capacity upto 1TB and 2TB are
available.

Let’s Try It

1. Discuss the need of secondary storage devices.

2. Discuss use of various secondary storage devices.
3. Insert a CD in CD/DVD drive in your computer system. Teacher should demonstrate how
to view the contents of the CD/DVD?
4. Open Paintbrush software. Draw any figure using tools available in Paintbrush. With the
help of your teacher, save the file in your pen drive.
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