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Utkarsh

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12 views

Utkarsh

Uploaded by

Bhanupratap
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Utkarsh Chaudhary

(211128)

CE-331
Lab report 2

Abstract:

One of the simplest methods for mapping an area and conducDng a survey is to measure the
distance between 2 spots using a chain and tape. finding the fewest possible spots in a region is
necessary for the procedure to fully cover it.

Objec5ve:
• to learn how to measure the distance between 2 points using chain and tape and compare
these distances obtained.
• Enter details in the field book for chain lines in the form of a suitable triangle/quadrilateral.
plot details in the form of a map (for example tree, light pole, etc.) from the data recorded in
the field book.

Introduc5on:

About the lab exercise- This laboratory experiment’s main goal is to teach students how to measure
distance in an open space with chains and tape and record the results in a field book. In the
experiment, a map of the survey region was also ploUed using the proper scale.
Concepts used-

1) Ranging: When the length needs to measure longer than the length of the chain or tape a
ranging operaDon is employed to handle the situaDon. A ranging rod is Used in this situaDon
to choose a point between the 2 primary points so that the points lie on the same straight
line and the length is less than the chain length.
2) Chain surveying: When doing a chain survey linear measurements are the only ones taken in
the field. the primary idea behind chain surveying or chain triangulaDon is to create a
framework made up of numerous approximately equilateral triangles or well-condiDoned
triangles. it is used to calculate the size of the field and map the surveyed area features.
3) Channing and offse[ng: Chaining is the process of measuring the distance with a chain or tape
and offse[ng is the process of measuring the lateral distance of the object from the survey
line to the le] or right according to their posiDons.

Equipment/ tools/ data used:


Ranging rods, pegs, ranging pins, tape, chain, cross staff, opDcal square, etc.

Methodology/ experiment:
Procedure-

1) Mark 2 points on the ground at about 2 to 3 chain lengths using a ranging operaDon.
2) Suppose A and B are the 2 points whose distance is to be calculated using a chain and tape.
3) If the distance to be measured is more than one chain or tape length, then it would be
difficult to know whether the distance calculated is in a straight line or not.
4) To ensure that the distance measured is in a straight line, ranging is to be done.
5) First select a point in between the 2 selected points Which is approximately 1/3 of the
distance of the total chain length. Let this point be C.
6) Ranging roads are placed at all 3 points.
7) Then the person at staDon A aligns the ranging rod at C by waving his hands such that the
ranging rods at A, B, and C are in a straight line.
8) Further select point D between staDons C and B and repeat the same procedure to align all
the points such that they coincide.
9) Spread the chain or tape to measure the distance.
10) Use the principle of chaining to record data in the field book. 11) From the field book,
prepare the map.

Calcula5ons/ measurements:
Measurements of different sides of the triangle (on ground)-

• AB= 50.4m
• BC= 60m
• CD= 27m
• DA=65.7m
• AC=81.4m
MulDple field features have been measured in depth and mapped down on the map that is included
at the end of the field book.

Results and discussions:


Map-
1
2
3
4
5
6
Error Analysis:
Actual length of check line = 81.4m(using ranging)
Calculated length = 26.9*3 = 80.7

Percentage error = ( )100 = 0.859

Conclusion

• Learned How to use chains and measuring tapes to scan a limited region with few details.
• learned how to perform a range operaDon to measure lengths longer than the chain length.
• learned how to keep a field book up to date and use it to draw a map.

References:

Method of linear measurements

Comments and feedback:


• The lab acDvity was skilfully created to clarify the intricate ideas of surveying with chains
and measuring tapes.
• It took some Dme to measure the first side because it was iniDally challenging to
understand how the range operaDons worked in pracDce.
• The lab TAs worked closely with my group to ensure that we fully understood the concept
and once was did, the rest of the exercise was quite simple.

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