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12 Note - Laplace Transform - 240628 - 082558

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28 views2 pages

12 Note - Laplace Transform - 240628 - 082558

Uploaded by

oshadabest
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Laplace Transforms

Laplace Transform
The Laplace transform is one of the mathematical tools used for the solution of linear
ordinary differential equations. In comparison with the classical method of solving linear
differential equations, the Laplace transform method has the following two attractive
features.
1. The homogenous equation and the particular integral of the solution are obtained
in one operation.
2. The Laplace transform coverts the differential equation into an algebraic equation
in s. It is then possible to manipulate the algebraic equation by simple algebraic
rules to obtain the solution in the s-domain. The final solution is obtained by
taking the inverse Laplace transform.

Definition

 y (t ) e
t
Given the real time function y(t) that satisfies the condition dt   for some
0

finite real  , the Laplace transform of y(t) is defined as



Y ( s )   y (t )e  st dt .
0
Properties of Laplace-transform

If the Laplace-transforms of y1 (t ) , y 2 (t ) and y (t ) are Y1 ( s ) , Y2 ( s ) and Y (s ) respectively,


1. Linearity
La1 y1 (t )  a 2 y 2 (t )  a1Y1 ( s )  a 2Y2 ( s ) where a1 and a 2 are constants.
2. Shift in time
When a function y (t ) is delayed by T ,
L y (t  T )u s (t  Ts   e Ts Y ( s ) where u s (t  T ) denotes the unit step function which is
shifted in time to the right by T.
3. Differentiation and integration
 dy (t ) 
L  sY ( s )  y (0)
 dt 
 d n y (t )  n 1 n  2 (1) n 1 d k y (t )
, L n   s Y ( s )  s y (0)  s y (0).......  y (0). where
n
k
 y (k ) (0)
 dt  dt
t  Y (s)  1 2 n  Y ( s)
t t t


and L  y ( ) d 
0  s
, L    .... y ( ) d d 1d 2 ....d n 1   n
 0 0 0  s
4. Complex shifting
The Laplace transform f(t) multiplied by e  t where  is a constant, is equal to the
Laplace transform of F(s), with s replaced by s   ; that is
 
L e  t y (t )  Y ( s  )
5. Initial value theorem
lim y (t )  lim sY ( s ) if the limit exists.
t 0 s

1 Prepared By Dr. V P C Dassanayake


Laplace Transforms

6. Final value theorem


lim y (t )  lim sY ( s ) if the function sY (s ) is analytic on the imaginary axis and in the
t  s 0

right half of the s-plane. (In other words if sY (s ) does not have poles on or to the right of
the imaginary axis in the s-plane.)

7. Real convolution
t   t 
Y1 ( s )Y2 ( s )  L   y1 ( ) y 2 (t   )d   L    y 2 ( ) y1 (t   )d 
0    0 
  y1 (t )  y 2 (t )
where  denotes real convolution in the discrete-time domain.

5
Ex 1.2: If the Laplace transforms of y(t) is Y ( s )  , find the value of y(t)
s ( s  s  2)
2

when the time goes to infinity.

5s  3
Ex 1.3: Find the time function of Y ( s )  .
( s  1)( s  2)( s  3)

d 2 y (t ) dy (t )
Ex 1.4: Solve the differential equation 2
3  2 y (t )  5u s (t ) , where u s (t ) is
dt dt
dy (t )
the unit step function. The initial conditions are y (0)  1 and  2.
dt t 0

d 2 y (t ) dy (t )
Ex 1.5: Solve the differential equation 2
 34.5  1000 y (t )  5u s (t ) , where
dt dt
dy (t )
u s (t ) is the unit step function. The initial conditions are y (0)  0 and 0.
dt t 0

d 2 y (t ) dy (t )
Ex1.6: Solve the differential equation 2
5  4 y (t )  e  2t u s (t ) , where u s (t ) is
dt dt
dy (t )
the unit step function. The initial conditions are y (0)  0 and 0.
dt t 0

2 Prepared By Dr. V P C Dassanayake

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