Dynamics June 03

May 02 8. Two blocks X and Y, of masses m and 3m respectively, are

1. Two similar spheres, each of mass m and travelling with accelerated along a smooth horizontal surface by a force F applied
speed v, are moving towards each other. to block X as shown.

The spheres have a head-on elastic collision.

Which statement is correct?
A The spheres stick together on impact. 2
B The total kinetic energy after impact is mv What is the magnitude of the force exerted by block X on block Y
C The total kinetic energy before impact is zero. during this acceleration?
D The total momentum before impact is 2mv.

2. A wooden block of mass 0.60 kg is on a rough horizontal

surface. -2
A force of 12 N is applied to the block and it accelerates 9. A car with front-wheel drive accelerates in the direction shown.
at 4.0ms

Which diagram best shows the direction of the total force exerted by
the road on the front wheels?

What is the magnitude of the frictional force acting on the block?

A 2.4 N B 9.6 N C 14N D 16 N

3. A body, initially at rest, explodes into two masses M1 and M2

that move apart with speeds v1and v2 respectively.
What is the ratio v1/v2?

–1
10. A ball of mass 2 kg travelling at 8ms strikes a ball of mass 4 kg
–1
travelling at 2ms . Both balls are moving along the same straight
line as shown.
4. A submarine descends vertically at constant velocity. The
three forces acting on the submarine are viscous drag, upthrust
and weight.
Which relationship between their magnitudes is correct?
A weight < drag
B weight = drag
C weight < upthrust After collision, both balls move at the same velocity v.
What is–1the magnitude of–1the velocity v? –1
D weight > upthrust A 4ms B 5ms C 6ms D 8ms
–1

Nov 02 11. A balloon is acted upon by three forces, weight, upthrust and
5. What is meant by the weight of an object? sideways force due to the wind, as shown in the diagram.
A the gravitational field acting on the object
B the gravitational force acting on the object
C the mass of the object multiplied by gravity
D the object’s mass multiplied by its acceleration

6. Two spheres A and B approach each other along the same

straight line with speeds uA and uB.
The spheres collide and move off with speeds vA and vB, both in
the same direction as the initial direction of sphere A, as shown
below.
Which equation applies to an elastic collision?
A uA + uB = v B – v A
B uA – uB = v B – v A
C uA – uB = v B + v A
D uA + uB = v B + v A
What is the vertical component of the resultant force on the balloon?
7 Two equal masses travel towards
–1
each other
–1
on a frictionless
air track at speeds of 60 cm s and 30 cm s . They stick A 500 N B 1000 N C 10 000 N D 10 500N
together on impact.
What is the–1
speed of the
–1
masses after
–1
impact? –1
A 15 cm s B 20 cm s C 30 cm s D 45 cm s
12. A ball falls from rest through air and eventually reaches a 18. The diagram shows a situation just before a–1head-on collision. A
constant velocity. lorry of mass 20 000 kg is travelling–1at 20.0 m s towards a car of
mass 900 kg travelling at 30.0 m s towards the lorry.
For this fall, forces X and Y vary with time as shown.

What are forces X and Y ?

What is the magnitude of the total momentum?
A 373 kN s B 427 kN s C 3600 kN s D 4410 kN s

Nov 04.
19. A constant mass undergoes uniform acceleration.
Which of the following is a correct statement about the resultant
force acting on the mass?
A It increases uniformly with respect to time.
B It is constant but not zero.
Nov 03 C It is proportional to the displacement from a fixed point.
13. A mass accelerates uniformly when the resultant force acting D It is proportional to the velocity.
on it
A is zero. 20. A particle of mass m strikes a vertical rigid wall perpendicularly
B is constant but not zero. from the left with velocity v.
C increases uniformly with respect to time.
D is proportional to the displacement from a fixed point.

14. A molecule of mass m travelling horizontally with velocity u

hits a vertical wall at right angles to the wall. It then rebounds
horizontally with the same speed.
What is its change in momentum?
A zero B mu C –mu D –2mu
If the collision is perfectly elastic, the total change in momentum of
15. Two balls X and Y approach each other along the same
the particle that occurs as a result of the collision is
straight line and collide elastically.
A 2mv to the right. B 2mv to the left.
Their speeds are uX and uY respectively. After the collision they
C mv to the right. D mv to the left.
move apart with speeds vX and vY respectively. Their directions
are shown on the diagram.
June 05
21. Which is not one of Newton's laws of motion?

A The total momentum of a system of interacting bodies remains

constant, providing no external force acts.
Which of the following equations is correct?
B The rate of change of momentum of a body is directly proportional
to the external force acting on the body and takes place in the
direction of the force.

C If body A exerts a force on body B, then body B exerts an equal

and oppositely-directed force on body A.
16. A force F is applied to a freely moving object. At one instant
of time, the object has velocity v and acceleration a. D A body continues in a state of rest or of uniform motion in a
Which quantities must be in the same direction? straight line unless acted upon
A a and v only B a and F only by some external force.
C v and F only D v, F and a
22. Two equal masses travel
–1
towards each
–1
other on a frictionless air
track at speeds of 60 cm s and 40 cm s . They stick together on
17. A ball falls vertically and bounces on the ground. impact.
The following statements are about the forces acting while the
ball is in contact with the ground.
Which statement is correct?
A The force that the ball exerts on the ground is always equal to
the weight of the ball.
B The force that the ball exerts on the ground is always equal in
What is the speed of the masses after impact? –1
magnitude and opposite in direction to the force the ground –1 –1 –1
A 10 cm s B 20 cm s C 40 cm s D 50 cm s
exerts on the ball.
C The force that the ball exerts on the ground is always less Nov 05
than the weight of the ball. 23. A car driver sharply presses down the accelerator when the
D The weight of the ball is always equal in magnitude and traffic lights go green. The resultant horizontal force acting on the
opposite in direction to the force that the ground exerts on the car varies with time as shown.
ball.
Which graph shows the variation with time of the speed of the
car?
 30. The diagram shows a cannon ball fired from cannon.
24. Which is a statement of the principle of conservation of
momentum?
A A force is equal to the rate of change of momentum of the
body upon which it acts.
B In a perfectly elastic collision, the relative momentum of the
bodies before impact is equal to
their relative momentum after impact. The mass of the cannon is 1000 kg and the mass –1 of the cannon ball
is 10 kg. The recoil velocity of the cannon is 5 m s horizontally.
C The momentum of a body is the product of the mass of the What is the horizontal velocity of the cannon ball? –1
body and its velocity. –1 –1 –1
A 200 m s B 500 m s C 2000 m s D 5000 m s
D The total momentum of a system of interacting bodies remains June 07
constant, providing no external force acts. 31. What is meant by the weight of an object?
A the gravitational field acting on the object
25. The gravitational field strength on the surface of planet P is B the gravitational force acting on the object
one tenth of that on the surface of planet Q. C the mass of the object multiplied by gravity
On the surface of P, a body has its mass measured to be 1.0 kg D the object’s mass multiplied by its acceleration
and its weight measured to be 1.0 N.
What results are obtained for measurements of the mass and 32. The graph shows the variation with time of the momentum of a
weight of the same body on the surface of planet Q? ball as it is kicked in a straight line.

June 06 Initially, the momentum is p1 at time t1. At time t2 the momentum is

26. A cyclist is riding at a steady speed on a level road. p 2.
According to Newton’s third law of motion, what is equal and What is the magnitude of the average force acting on the ball
opposite to the backward push of the back wheel on the road? between times t1 and t2?
A the force exerted by the cyclist on the pedals
B the forward push of the road on the back wheel
C the tension in the cycle chain –1
33. A lorry of mass 20 000 kg is travelling at 20.0 m s . A car of
D the total air resistance and friction force –1
mass 900 kg is travelling at 30.0 m s towards the lorry.
27. In perfectly elastic collisions between two atoms, it is always
true to say that
A the initial speed of one atom will be the same as the final
speed of the other atom.
B the relative speed of approach between the two atoms equals
their relative speed of separation.
C the total momentum must be conserved, but a small amount
of the total kinetic energy may be lost in the collision.
D whatever their initial states of motion, neither atom can be
stationary after the collision.
What is the magnitude of the total momentum?
A 209 kN s B 373 kN s C 427 kN s D 1045 kN s
28. Two railway trucks of masses m and 3m move towards each
other in opposite directions with speeds 2v and v respectively.
34. The diagram shows the masses and velocities of two trolleys
These trucks collide and stick together.
about to collide.
What is the speed of the trucks after the collision?

Nov 06
29. The diagram shows two identical spheres X and Y. After the impact they move off together.
What is the total kinetic energy of the trolleys after the collision?
A 1.3 J B 12 J C 18 J D 19 J

Nov. 07
35. The symbol g represents the acceleration of free fall.
Initially X moves with speed v directly towards Y. Y is stationary. Which of these statements is correct?
The spheres collide elastically. What happens? A g is gravity. B g is reduced by air resistance.
C g is the ratio weight / mass. D g is the weight of an object.
36. A block of mass 0.60 kg is on a rough horizontal surface. A June 08
force
–2
of 12 N is applied to the block and it accelerates at 4.0 m 41. An object accelerates in a direction that is always perpendicular
s .
to its motion. What is the effect, if any, of the acceleration on the
object’s speed and direction?
speed direction
A changes changes
B changes constant
C constant changes
What is the magnitude of the frictional force acting on the block? D constant constant
A 2.4 N B 5.3 N C 6.7 N D 9.6 N
42. The acceleration of free fall on a planet P is 1/6 th of the
37. A car with front-wheel drive accelerates in the direction acceleration of free fall on Earth.
shown. The mass of a body on planet P is 30 kg.
What is its weight on planet P?
A 4.9 N B 49 N C 180 N D 290 N

43. A football is dropped from the top of a tall building.

Which diagram best shows the direction of the total force Which acceleration-time graph best represents the motion of the
exerted by the road on the front wheels? football through the air?

38.. The graph shows how a certain quantity p varies with

another quantity q for a parachutist falling at terminal speed.

44. Which is a statement of the principle of conservation of

momentum?
What are the quantities p and q, and what is represented by the A Momentum is the product of mass and velocity.
magnitude of the gradient of the graph? B Momentum is conserved only in elastic collisions.
C Momentum is conserved by all bodies in a collision.
D Momentum is conserved providing no external forces act.

45. Two equal masses X and Y are moving towards each other on a
frictionless air track as shown.
The masses make an elastic collision.

39. . The diagram shows two identical spheres X and Y.

Which row gives possible velocities for the two masses after the
collision?
velocity of X velocity –1
of Y
A zero –1 20 cm s–1 to the right
B 10 cm s –1to the right 10 cm s to the right
Initially, X moves with speed v directly towards Y. Y is stationary. C 20 cm s–1 to the left zero –1
D 30 cm s to the left 50 cm s to the right
The spheres collide elastically. What happens?

46. A car of mass 750 kg has a horizontal driving force of 2.0 kN–2
acting on it. It has a forward horizontal acceleration of 2.0 m s .

40. A brick weighing 20 N rests on an inclined plane. The weight

of the brick has a component of 10 N parallel with the plane. The What is the resistive force acting horizontally?
brick also experiences a frictional force of 4 N. A 0.5 kN B 1.5 kN C 2.0 kN D 3.5 kN

47. A ball is falling at terminal speed in still air. The forces acting on
the ball are upthrust, viscous drag and weight.
What is the order of increasing magnitude of these three forces?
A upthrust → viscous drag → weight
What is the acceleration of the brick down the plane? –2
Assume B viscous drag → upthrust → weight
that the acceleration
–2
of free –2
fall g is equal to 10–2m s . –2 C viscous drag → weight → upthrust
A 0.3 m s B 0.8 m s C 3.0 m s D 8.0 m s
D weight → upthrust → viscous drag
48. Which quantities are conserved in an inelastic collision? 54. A stationary body explodes into two components of masses m
kinetic energy total energy linear momentum and 2m.
A conserved not conserved conserved The components gain kinetic energies X and Y respectively.
B conserved not conserved not conserved
C not conserved conserved conserved
D not conserved conserved not conserved
Nov. 08
49. A ball falls vertically and bounces on the ground.
The following statements are about the forces acting while the
ball is in contact with the ground. Which statement is correct?
A The force that the ball exerts on the ground is always equal to
the weight of the ball. What is the value of the ratio
B The force that the ball exerts on the ground is always equal in
magnitude and opposite in direction to the force the ground
exerts on the ball.
C The force that the ball exerts on the ground is always less
than the weight of the ball.
D The weight of the ball is always equal in magnitude and opposite Nov 09.
in direction to the force that the ground exerts on the ball. 55. Which statement about a ball that strikes a tennis racket and
50. Two spheres approach each other along the same straight rebounds is always correct?
line. Their speeds are u1 and u2 before collision, and v1 and v2 A Total kinetic energy of the ball is conserved.
after collision, in the directions shown below. B Total kinetic energy of the system is conserved.
C Total momentum of the ball is conserved.
D Total momentum of the system is conserved.

56. The diagram shows two spherical masses approaching each

other head-on at an equal speed u. One has mass 2m and the other
has mass m.
Which equation is correct if the collision is perfectly elastic?
A u1 – u2 = v2 + v1 B u1 – u2 = v2 – v1
C u1 + u2 = v2 + v1 D u1 + u2 = v2 – v1
51. A box of mass 8.0 kg rests on a horizontal, rough surface. A Which diagram, showing the situation after the collision, shows the
string attached to the box passes over a smooth pulley and result of an elastic collision?
supports a 2.0 kg mass at its other end.

When the box is released, a friction force of 6.0 N acts on it.

What is the
–2
acceleration
–2
of the box?
–2 –2
A 1.4 m s B 1.7 m s C 2.0 m s D 2.5 m s
52. A wooden block rests on a rough board. The end of the –1
57. A supermarket trolley, total mass 30 kg, is moving at 3.0 ms . A
board is then raised until the block slides down the plane of the
retarding force of 60 N is applied to the trolley for 0.50 s in the
board at constant velocity v.
opposite direction to the trolley’s initial velocity.
What is the
–1
trolley’s new velocity
–1
after the application
–1
of the force?
–1
A 1.0 m s B 1.5 m s C 2.0 m s D 2.8 m s

58. Two trolleys are placed together on a horizontal runway with a

compressed spring between them.
Which row describes the forces acting on the block when sliding
with constant velocity?
frictional force on block resultant force on block
A down the plane down the plane
–1
B down the plane zero When they are released, the 2 kg trolley moves to the left at 2 m s .
C up the plane down the plane How much energy was stored in the spring?
D up the plane zero A4J B6J C8J D 12 J
June 09 1 b 11 b 21 a 31 b 41 c 51 a
53. A tennis ball of mass 100 g is struck by a tennis racket. The
velocity of the ball is changed as shown. 2 b 12 a 22 a 32 b 42 b 52 d
3 b 13 b 23 a 33 b 43 c 53 b
4 d 14 d 24 d 34 b 44 d 54 c
5 b 15 a 25 b 35 c 45 d 55 d
6 a 16 b 26 b 36 d 46 a 56 a
7 a 17 b 27 b 37 b 47 a 57 c
8 d 18 a 28 a 38 a 48 c 58 d
What is the–1magnitude of the
–1
change in momentum
–1
of the ball? –1 9 b 19 b 29 d 39 d 49 b
A 1 kg m s B 5 kg m s C 1000 kg m s D 5000 kg m s
10 a 20 b 30 b 40 c 50 d