RAY OPTICS 1

EXERCISE - 1 : BASIC OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

Plane Mirrors and Spherical Mirrors

1. A point source of light B is placed at a distance L in front
of the centre of a mirror of width d hung vertically on a
wall. A man walks in front of the mirror along a line parallel
to the mirror at a distance 2L from it as shown. The greatest
distance over which he can see the image of the light
source in the mirror is

(a) 28 (b) 30
(c) 32 (d) 34

Ans. (b)
Sol. From the following ray diagram

(a) d/2 (b) d

(c) 2d (d) 3d

Ans. (d)
Sol. According to the following ray diagram HI = AB = d and
d
DS  CD 
2

0.2 l 2 3
d  0.2 tan 30     30
3 d 0.2 / 3
Therefore maximum number of reflections are 30
3. A small plane mirror is placed at the centre of a spherical
screen of radius R. A beam of light is falling on the mirror.
If the mirror makes n revolutions per second, the speed of
light on the screen after reflection from the mirror will be
(a) 4 nR (b) 2 nR
(c) nR/ (d) nR/4
Ans: (a)
Sol: If mirror is rotated by angle θ, then keeping incident ray
fixed, reflected ray rotates by 2θ
So, speed of mirror  R  2 nR.
2d
 AH  2AD  GH  2CD  d Hence speed of reflected light v  2  R  4 nR
2
Similarly IJ = d so GJ = GH + HI + IJ = d + d + d = 3d 4. A square of side 3cm is placed at a distance of 25cm from
2. Two plane mirrors. A and B are aligned parallel to each a concave mirror of focal length 10cm. The centre of the
other, as shown in the figure. A light ray is incident at an square is at the axis of the mirror and the plane is normal
angle of 30° at a point just inside one end of A. The plane to the axis. The area enclosed by the image of the square
of incidence coincides with the plane of the figure. The is
maximum number of times the ray undergoes reflections (a) 4cm 2 (b) 6cm 2
(including the first one) before it emerges out is (c) 16cm 2 (d) 36cm 2

Ans. (a)
 RAY OPTICS 2

Sol. I f f 10 10 2 (n+1)f
m      u=
O u  f u  f 25  10 15 3 n
2 8. What is the magnification when the object is placed at a
Ai 2 distance of 2f from the pole of a convex mirror?
m2   Ai  m2  A 0     (3)2  4 cm2
A0 3
1 2
5. In a concave mirror an object is placed at a distance x1 (a) (b)
3 3
from the focus and the image is formed at a distance x2
from the focus. Then the focal length of the mirror is 3
(c) 1 (d)
2
(a) x1x2 (b) x1x 2
Ans: (a)
(c) (x1 + x2)/2 (d) x1 / x 2 Sol: u  2f , v  ?,f  f
Ans: (b) -1 1 +1 +2f
+ =  v=
1 1 1 v v 2f v f 3
Sol: + =  1+ =
v u f u f
 2f 
v   1

v+u 1
= f=
uv m   3 
vu f u+v u  2f  3
 
u  f +x1  f +x1  f +x 2  9. The image formed by a convex mirror of focal length 30 cm
f =
v  f +x 2  2f +x1 +x 2  is one quarter of the size of object. The distance of object
form the mirror is
 2f 2 +f  x1 +x 2  =f 2 +f  x1 +x 2  +x1 x 2 (a) 30 cm (b) 120 cm
(c) 90 cm (d) 60 cm
 f = x1 x 2
Ans: (c)
6. A convex mirror has a focal length f. A real object is placed
at a distance f in front of it from the pole, produces an v -u
Sol: m v 
image at u 4
(a) infinity (b) f Using mirror formula
(c) f/2 (d) 2 f
1 1 1
Ans: (c) + =
v u f
1 1 1
Sol:  + = 4 1 1
v u f - + =
u u 30
1 1 1
 - =+  u = –90cm
v f f
10. A convex mirror of focal length f produces an image
f th
v= 1
2   of the size of the object. The distance of the object
n
7. A concave mirror of focal length f produces an image n
from the mirror is
times the size of the object. If the image is real then the
distance of the object from the mirror, is (a) nf (b) f/n
(a) (n – 1) f (b) {(n – 1)/n} f (c) (n + 1)/f (d) (n – 1) f
(c) {(n + 1)/n} f (d) (n + 1) f Ans: (d)
Ans: (c) -v 1 -u
Sol: m= =  v=
-v u n n
Sol: m= =-n  v = nu
u 1 1 1 -n 1 1
+ =  + =
1 1 1 1 1 1 v u f u u f
+ =  + =
v u f -nu -u -f u = (n-1)f
 RAY OPTICS 3

11. An object is placed at 10 cm from a lens and real image is 13. Which of the following is not true about the image formed
formed with magnification of 0.5. Then the lens is : by covex mirror?
(a) concave with focal length of 10/3 cm
(a) It is erect (b) It is virtual
(b) convex with focal length of 10/3 cm
(c) concave with focal length of 10 cm (c) It is diminished (d) It lies beyond focus
(d) convex with focal length of 10 cm Ans: (d)
Ans : (b) Sol: Image is always erect, virtual and diminished so forms
v
behind mirror. The images lies between the pole and focus.
Sol : m  0.5  The maximum image distance is the focal length.
u
14. For a real object, a convex mirror always forms an image
u which is
v   5cm
2 (a) real and inverted (b) virtual and inverted
(c) virtual and erect (d) real and magnified
1 1 1 2  1
   Ans: (c)
f 5 10 10
Sol: For the convex mirror the image from the real object is
10 always behind the mirror smaller than the object upright
f convex
3cm and the virtual. Convex mirror always forms virtual images
because the focal point the center of curvature of the
12. The distance of an object from the focus of a convex convex mirror are imaginary points and that cannot be
mirror of radius of curvature ‘a’ is ‘b’. Then the reached so the image is formed inside the mirror and cannot
distance of the image from the focus is : be projected on a screen.
b2 a 15. The image of a bright object is brought on the screen with
(a) (b) a concave mirror. If upper half of mirror is covered, what is
4a b2
the effect on the image?
a2 (a) its size is halved (b) brightness is reduced
(c) (d) none
4b (c) image changes position (d) image disappears
Ans. (c) Ans: (b)
Sol. Sol: As rest of the mirror forms the required image with reduced
intensity .
16. A convex mirror is used to form an image of a real object.
Then tick the wrong statement
(a) the image lies between the pole and focus
(b) the image is diminished in size
(c) the image is erect
 a (d) the image is real
So u    b  
 2 Ans: (d)
Sol: An image formed by a convex mirror for a real object is
1 1 1 1 1 always virtual as the image is formed behind mirror.
  
v f u a a 17. A concave mirror is used to form an image of the sun on a
 b 
2 2 white screen. If the lower half on the mirror were covered
with an opaque card, the effect on the image on the screen
by solving
would be
1 4b  2b  a  (a) to make the image less bright than before
 v
v a  2b  a  4b (b) to make the lower half of the image disappear
(c) to prevent image from being focussed
a
so distance from focus  v (d) none of these
2
Ans: (a)
a  2b  a  a 2 Sol: As rest of the mirror forms the required image with reduced
 a 
2 4b 4b intensity .
 RAY OPTICS 4

Refraction and Refraction at a plane surface Since both contain same no. of wavelengths
18. The refractive index of water with respect to air is 4/3 and μg tg μw tw
the refractive index of glass with respect to air is 3/2. The So, =
λ λ
refractive index of water with respect to glass is
(a) 9/8 (b) 8/9 4
g  8cm  10cm
(c) 1/2 (d) 2 3
Ans: (b) 5
μg =
4 3
μw 3 8
a 21. A beam of monochromatic blue light of wavelength 420
μ =
g w
= =
Sol: a μg
3 9 nm in air travels in water ( = 4/3). Its wavelength in water
2 will be
(a) 280 nm (b) 560 nm
8
g μw = (c) 315 nm (d) 400 nm
9
Ans: (c)
19. Air has refractive index 1.0003. The thickness of air column,
which will have one more wavelength of yellow light (6000 λ 420nm
λ = = =315nm
Å) than in same thickness of vacuum, is μ 4
Sol:  
(a) 2 mm (b) 2 cm 3
(c) 2 m (d) 2 km 22. If velocity of light in a certain medium is 1.5 × 108 m/s,  for
Ans: (a) the medium would be
Sol: μ a =1.0003,μ vac =1.0003 (a) 2 (b) 4
(c) 2.5 (d) 3
optical path in other medium  μt
Ans: (a)
Acc. to given condition
C 3 108
t Sol: μ= 
So no. of wavelength in ‘t’ thickness   v 1.5 108
yellow
 μ=2
μt 23. The wavelength of sodium light is 589 nm in air. What will
So no. in other medium  λ
yellow be the wavelength of sodium light if it travels in glass of
refractive index 1.5 ?
t μt (a) 589 nm (b) 589 × 1.5 nm
So, 1+ λ =
λ yellow
yellow (c) (589/1.5) nm (d) none of these
t (1.0003)(t) Ans: (c)
1+ 0
= 0
(6000 A ) 6000 A λ 589nm
Sol: λ = =
μ 1.5
So, t  2  103 m  2mm
24. If the refractive index of water is 4/3 and that of glass slab
20. A glass slab of thickness 8 cm contain, the same number is 5/3, then the critical angle of incidence for which a light
of wavelengths as 10 cm of water when both are traversed tending to go from glass to water is
by the same monochromatic light. If the refractive index of
water is 4/3, the refractive index of glass is (a) sin 1 (3 / 4) (b) sin 1 (3 / 5)
(a) 5/3 (b) 5/4
(c) sin 1 (2 / 3) (d) sin 1 (4 / 5)
(c) 16/15 (d) 3/2
Ans: (a) Ans: (d)

Sol: optical path of glass =μ g t g 1

Sol: sin c =
1 n2
optical path of water =μ w t w
n1
sinθc =
μt n2
no of waves 
λ
 RAY OPTICS 5

Ans: (b)
4
v1
sin θc = 3 Sol: n2 
5 1
v2
3
4 1.8 2 108
θ c = sin -1  
5 1.5 v2
25. If the critical angle for total internal reflection from a medium  v 2  1.67  108 m / s
to vacuum is 30°, then the velocity of light in the medium
is 29. A ray of light enters from a denser medium into rarer
medium. The speed of light in the rarer medium is twice
(a) 3 × 108 m/sec (b) 1.5 × 108 m/sec
that in denser medium. what is the critical angle for total
(c) 6 × 108 m/sec (d) 3 108 m / sec internal reflection to take palce
(a) 60° (b) 45°
Ans: (b)
(c) 30° (d) none of above
1 1 Ans: (c)
Sol: sin θc =  n= =2
n sin30o
vr 2vD
n=2 Sol: r μD = =
v D vD
c
So, n=  v=1.5×108 m/s r μ D =2
v
26. The critical angle for a medium is 60°. Then refractive index 1 1
sin θc =  sinθc =
of the medium will be r μD 2
(a) 3 /2 (b) 2 / 3 θ c =300
(c) 2 /3 (d) 3 30. A fish is a little away below the surface of a lake. If the
critical angle is 49°, then the fish could see things above
Ans: (b) the water surface within an angular ring of ° where
1 2
Sol: sin θc =  n=
n 3
27. The refractive index of water is 4/3 and that of glass is 5/3.
What will be the critical angle for the ray of light entering
water from the glass
(a) sin–1 (4/5) (b) sin–1 (5/4)
(c) sin–1 (1/2) (d) sin–1 (2/1)
Ans: (a)

Sol: 4
n1
sin θc =  sinθc = 3
n2 5
3
(a)  = 49° (b)  = 90°
 4  4
sin θc =    θc =sin -1  
5
  5 1
(c)  = 98° (d)  = 24 
28. Light travels with a speed of 2 × 108 m/s in crown glass of 2
refractive index 1.5. What is the speed of light in dense Ans: (c)
glass of refractive index 1.8 ?
(a) 1.33 × 108 m/s (b) 1.67 × 108 m/s
8
(c) 2.0 × 10 m/s (d) 3.0 × 108 m/s
 RAY OPTICS 6

Sol:
1  4  1  1 
(c) sin   (d) sin  
5 3
Ans. (c)
 A VB 2.5  108
Sol.    1.25
 B VA 2  108

 1  1  4 
C  sin 1    sin  
 1.25  5
33. A small source of light is 4m below the surface of a liquid
of refractive index 5 / 3 . In order to cut off all the light
coming out of liquid surface, minimum diameter of the
θ =2×490 = 980 disc placed on the surface of liquid is
31. A ray of light is incident at the glass–water interface at an (a) 3m (b) 4m
angle i, it emerges finally parallel to the surface of water, (c) 6m (d) 
then the value of g would be Ans. (c)

Sol.

(a) (4/3) sin i (b) 1/sin i

(c) 4/3 (d) 1
r
tan C 
4
Ans. (b)
3
sin i sin 1 C
Sol. For glass-water interface g  w  ..(i) 5
sin r
3 r 3
sin r tan 1 C 
For water-air interface w a  ...(ii) 4 4 4
sin 90
 r  3m
sin i sin r Diameter  6 m
 g  w w  a    sin i
sin r sin 90 34. A fish looking up through the water sees the outside world
contained in a circular horizon. If the refractive index of
w a 1
   sin i   g  water is 4 / 3 and fish is 12 cm below the surface, the
g w sin i radius of the circle in cm is
32. Two transparent media A and B are separated by a plane (a) 12  3  5 (b) 4  5
boundary. The speed of light in medium A is
(c) 12  3  7 (d) 12  3 / 7
2.0 108 m s1 and in medium B is 2.5  108 ms1 . The criti-
Ans. (d)
cal angle for which a ray of light going from A to B is to-
tally internally reflected is 3 3
Sol. sin C  tan C 
4 7
1  1  1  2 
(a) sin   (b) sin  
2 5 3
R  12 tan C  12  Ans.
7
 RAY OPTICS 7

So actual velocity of bird which fish sees at

rest = 9 m/s – 3 m/s = 6 m/s

nr
35. A vessel is half filled with a liquid of refractive index . x apparent.bird = x actual.bird
The other half of the vessel is filled with an immiscibel ni
liquid of refractive index 1.5 . The apparant depth of the
vessel is 50% of the actual depth. Then  is 4
vapparent.bird =   vactual.bird
(a) 1.4 (b) 1.5 3
(c) 1.6 (d) 1.67 3
v actual.bird = × 6 m/s
Ans: (d) 4
Sol: v actual.bird = 4.5m/s
37. An air bubble in glass slab ( = 1.5) appears to be at 6 cm
from one side and 4 cm from other side. The thickness of
glass slab is
(a) 10 cm (b) 6.67 cm
(c) 15 cm (d) none of these
Ans: (c)
Sol:

1d
dA =  
μ2

1 d
dB   
1.5  2 
 n 
d A( apparent ) =  air  d A( actual )
d n 
 glass 
d A +d B =
2
d A(actual) =(1.5)(6 cm)  9cm
d1 2  d
 + =  n glass 
2  μ 3μ  2 d B( actual ) =   d B( apparent )
 n air 
5
μ =  μ=1.67 d B (actual) =(1.5)(4 cm)
3
36. A fish rising vertically with speed 3 m/s to the surface of  d B(actual)  6 cm
water sees a bird diving vertically towards it with speed 9
m/s. Given aw = (4/3). The actual velocity of dive of bird is Hence thickness of slab
(a) 6 m/s (b) 4 m/s d A  d B  15cm
(c) 8.4 m/s (d) 4.5 m/s 38. The apparent depth of water in cylindrical water tank of
Ans: (d) diameter 2R cm is reducing at the rate of x cm/minute
when water is being drained out at a constant rate. The
Sol: Relative velocity of bird wrt. Fish = 9 m/s
 RAY OPTICS 8

amount of water drained in c.c. per minute is ( n1 =

Sol. By using A  m A  m
refractive index of air, n 2 = refractive index of water) sin sin
A
2  cot  2

A 2 A
xR 2 n1 xR 2 n 2 sin sin
(a) (b) 2 2
n2 n1
A A  m
2Rn1 cos sin
 2  2
(c) n (d) R 2 x A A
2
sin sin
Ans. (b) 2 2

' h  A  A  m 
Sol. Apparent depth h  
 sin  90    sin 
2    m  180  2A
air liquid    2 
41. For a small angled prism, angle of prism A, the angle of
dh ' 1 1 dh 1 dh dh minimum deviation (d) varies with the refractive index of
   x  a  w x
dt a w a  w dt a  w dt dt the prism as shown in the graph
Now volume of water V  R 2 h
dV dh
  R 2  R 2 .a  w x
dt dt

w n  2
 a  w R 2 x  R 2 x   2  R x
a  n1 
Prism
39. A graph is plotted between angle of deviation () and (a) Point P corresponds to m = 1
angle of incidence (i) for a prism. The nearly correct graph (b) Slope of the line PQ = A/2
is (c) Slope = A
(d) None of the above statements is true

Ans. (a, c)
Sol. At P, d = 0 A (m -1) Þ m = 1. Also m = (m -1)A = A  m -
(a) (b) A Comparing it with y = mx + c
42. A prism having an apex angle of 4 and refractive index
of 1.50 is located in front of a vetical plane
mirror as shown. A horizontal ray of light is incident on
the prism. The total angle through which the ray is
deviated is

(c) (d)

Ans. (a)
Sol. For a prism, as the angle of incidence increases, the angle
of deviation first decreases, goes to a minimum value and
then increases
40. The refracting angle of prism is A and refractive index of
A
material of prism is cot . The angle of minimum
2
deviation is (a) 4 clockwise (b) 178 clockwise
(a) 180°– 3A (b) 180° + 2A (c) 2 clockwise (d) 8 clockwise
(c) 90° –A (d) 180° – 2A Ans. (b)
Ans. (d) Sol.  prism  (  1) (clockwise)
 RAY OPTICS 9

 (1.5  1)4    v   r  A  C     v   r  A  F

 2 clockwise
   r A C   r A F   v A C   v A F
 1.5 19  6 1.66  38.5
Resultant     r  1 Al  C     r  1 A  F

   r A C    r A F   A C  A F   38.5  (19  6)  13.5

Refraction at a Spherical Surface and Lenses
45. A concave spherical surface of radius of curvature 10 cm
separates two medium x & y of refractive index
4 / 3 & 3 / 2 respectively. If the object is placed along prin-
cipal axis in medium X then

 mirror    2i
 180  4
 176 clockwise
(a) image is always real
So total  176  2  178 clockwise (b) image is real if the object distance is greater than
43. A thin prism of angle 5 is placed at a distance of 90 cm
10 cm from object. What is the distance of the (c) image is always virtual
image from object? (Given  of prism  1.5  (d) image is virtual if the object distance is less than
90 cm
(A)  / 8 cm (B)  / 12 cm Ans. (c)
(C) 5 / 36 cm (D)  / 7 cm Sol.
Ans. (a)

Sol.   (1.5  1)  5  2.5 
180

Image is always virtual because rays goes from rarer to

denser medium.
46. A spherical surface of radius of curvature 10 cm sepa-
rates two media X and Y of refractive indices 3 / 2 and
4 / 3 respectively. Centre of the spherical surface lies in
44. An achromatic prism is made by crown glass prism
denser medium. An object is placed in medium X . For
 Ac  19 and fl i n t gla ss prism  A F  6 . If image to be real, the object distance must be
C
 v  1.5 and F  v  1.66 , then resultant deviation for (a) greater than 90 cm (b) less than 90 cm
red coloured ray will be (c) greater than 80 cm (d) less than 80 cm
(a) 1.04° (b) 5° Ans. (a)
(c) 0.96° (d) 13.5°
Ans. (d)
Sol. For achromatic combination C  F
 RAY OPTICS 10

Sol.

4 3
n2  , n1 
3 2
Hence for concave lens u = +4 cm , f = 20 cm . So by lens
R  10 cm u   x
1 1 1
formula    v  5cm i.e. distance of final image
4 3 4 / 33/ 2 20 v 4
  
3v 2 x 10 (I 2 ) from concave lens v = 5 cm by using
1 3  1 3  v I 5 I
         (I2 )  2.5cm
v 4  60 2 x  u O 4 2
for real image v  0 49. Two similar plano-convex lenses are combined together
in three different ways as shown in the adjoining figure.
3 1 3  The ratio of the focal lengths in three cases will be
   0
4  60 2x 
 x  90 cm
47. If in a plano-convex lens, radius of curvature of convex
surface is 10 cm and the focal length of the lens is 30 cm,
the refractive index of the material of the lens will be
(a) 1.5 (b) 1.66
(c) 1.33 (d) 3
(a) 2 : 2 : 1 (b 1 : 1 : 1
Ans: (c)
(c) 1 : 2 : 2 (d) 2 : 1 : 1
1  1 1 
Sol: =(μ-1)  -  Ans. (b)
f  R1 R 2  Sol. In each case two plane-convex lens are placed close to
1 1 1 1 1 1
= (μ-1)    each other, and F  f  f .
30  10   1 2

1 1 1 1 2
μ =1+ =1.33   
3 F f f f
48. The size of the image of an object, which is at infinity, as
f
formed by a convex lens of focal length 30cm is 2 cm. If a F 
concave lens of focal length 20 cm is placed between the 2
convex lens and the image at a distance of 26 cm from the Hence ratio 1:1:1
convex lens, calculate the new size of the image 50. Two symmetric double convex lenses A and B have same
(a) 1.25 cm (b) 2.5 cm focal length, but the radii of curvature differ so that
(c) 1.05 cm (d) 2 cm R A  0.9 R B . If n A  1.63, find n B .
Ans. (b) (a)1.7 (b) 1.6
Sol. Convex lens will form image I1 at it’s focus which acts (c) 1.5 (d) 4/3
like a virtual object for concave lens. Ans : (a)
Sol : 1 1

fA fB
 RAY OPTICS 11

2 2 Ans: (d)
1.63  1   X B  1
RA RB
Sol: Peq =P1 +P2
X B  1.7
51. A virtual image three times the size of the object is =+P-P = 0
obtained with a concave mirror of radius of curvature So f =
36cm. The distance of the object from the mirror is
(a) 5 cm (b) 12 cm 54. A concave and convex lens have same focal length of 20
(c) 10 cm (d) 20 cm cm and are put in contact. The combination is used to
view an object of 5 cm length kept at 20 cm from the lens
Ans. (b)
combination. As compared to object, the image will be
R (a) magnified and inverted (b) diminished and erect
Sol. Image is virtual so m  3 and f   18cm
2
(c) of same size and erect (d) of same size and inverted
f (18)
So from m  3  u  12 cm Ans: (c)
f u (18)  u
Sol: Since Peq  0 , So net effect is zero ,
52. A lens forms a sharp image on a screen. On inserting a
parallel sided glass slab between the lens and the screen, Hence , image is of same size and erect
it is found necessary to move the screen a distance d 55. Two thin lenses of focal lengths f1 and f2 are placed in
away from the lens in order for the image to be sharp contact. The focal length of the complete lens is
again. If the refractive index of the glass relative to air is ,
then the thickness of the slab is f1  f 2 f1  f 2
(a) (b) f f
(a) d (b) d/ 2 1 2

(c) ( – 1) d/ (d)  d/( – 1) f1f 2

(c) f1f 2 (d) f  f
Ans: (d) 1 2

Sol: Ans: (d)

1 1 1
Sol: = +
f eq f1 f 2
f1f 2
f eq =
f1 +f 2
56. Parallel rays of light are focussed by a thin convex lens. A
thin concave lens of same focal length is then joined to
the convex lens and the result is that
(a) the focal point shifts away from the lens by a small
distance
(b) the focal point shifts towards the lens by a small
distance
(c) the focal point does not shift at all
Due to insertion of slab, image shift by (d) the focal point shifts to infinity
 1 Ans: (d)
Shift = t  1-  Sol: Net power become zero
 μ
57. Two thin lenses of focal lengths 20 cm and 25 cm are placed
 μ-1  in contact. The power of the combination is
d= t 
 μ  (a) 0.5 D (b) 9 D
(c) 5 D (d) 4.5 D
μd
 t= Ans: (b)
(μ-1)
Sol: Peq =P1 +P2
53. A convex lens of focal length f is put in contact with a
concave lens of same focal length. The focal length of 1 1
P1 = , P2 =
combination is 0.20 m 0.25 m
(a) zero (b) 2f
Peq = +9D
(c) f (d) infinity
 RAY OPTICS 12

58. The radius of curvature for a convex lens is 40 cm, for 61. The radius of curvature of the curved face of a thin
each surface. Its refractive index is 1.5. The focal length planoconvex lens is 10 cm and it is made of glass of
will be refractive index 1.5. A small object is approaching the lens
with a speed of 1 cms-1 moving along the principal axis
(a) 40 cm (b) 20 cm
(c) 80 cm (d) 30 cm Lens

Ans. (a) A B F C D
1  1 1  Object
Sol. By formula f    1  R  R  2 3
 1 2 

 1 1  1 1 When the object is at a distance of 30 cm from the lens,

 1.5  1     0.5  
 40 40  20 40 the magnitude of the rate of change of the lateral
 f  40 cm magnification is
59. If in a plano-convex lens, the radius of curvature of the (a) 0.1 per second
convex surface is 10 cm and the focal length of the lens (b) 0.2 per second
is 30 cm, then the refractive index of the material of lens (c) 0.3 per second
will be (d) 0.4 per second
(a) 1.5 (b) 1.66 Ans: (b)
(c) 1.33 (d) 3 Sol: Linear magnification is given by
v
Ans. (c) m= . . (ii)
u
R 10 Differentiating equation (ii) with respect to time, we have
Sol. f  30     1.33.
   1    1 dm v du 1 dv 1  du dv 
60. The curvature radii of a concavo-convex glass lens are
 2  = 2  v  u 
dt u dt u dt u  dt dt 
20 cm and 60 cm . The convex surface of thelens is
1
silvered. With the lens horizontal, the concave surface  2  60  1  30  4  = – 0.2 per second
is filled with water. The focal length of th e effecti ve  30 
mirror is   of glass  1.5,  of water 4 / 3 dm
 Magnitude of 0.2 per second.
(a) 90 / 13 cm (b) 80 / 13 cm dt
62. If two lenses of +5 diopters are mounted at some distance
(c) 20 / 3 cm (d) 45 / 8 cm apart, the equivalent power will always be negative if the
Ans. (a) distance is
(a) Greater than 40 cm
Sol. (b) Equal to 40 cm
(c) Equal to 10 cm
(d) Less than 10 cm
Ans. (a)
Sol. Using P  P1  P2  d  P1P2
For equivalent power to be negative
d  P1P2  P1  P2  d  25  10
10 10  100
d md  d  40 cm
25 25
peq  2 pw  2 pg – pm

1 1 1 1 
 2  
f eq fm  f1 f 2 

90
f eq  cm.
13
 RAY OPTICS 13

63. A thin symmetrical double convex lens of power P is cut Ans: (c)
into three part, as shown in the figure. Power of A is : Sol: For a concave lens to behave as convergent lens
μ lens <μ surrounding

So, a μ g < a μ l
67. A lens with power + P is immersed in water. Its power
(a) increases (b) decreases
(c) remains unchanged
P (d) increases for red colour, decreases for blue
(a) 2 P (b)
2 Ans: (b)
Sol: Convergent lens becomes less converging so P decreases
P
(c) (d) P 68. Magnification produced by a concave lens can be
3
Ans: (d) (a) more than one (b) equal to one
Sol: f not changes so P will not change. (c) less than one (d) equal to or less than one
64. A double convex lens made of material of refractive index Ans: (a)
1.5 and having a focal length of 10 cm is immersed in a Sol: More than one
liquid of refractive index 3.0. The lens will behave as 69. A double convex lens of focal length 6 cm is made of glass
(a) converging lens of focal length 10 cm of refractive index 1.5. The radius of curvature of one
(b) diverging lens of focal length 10 cm surface is double that of other surface. The value of larger
radius of curvature is
(c) convering lens of focal length 10/3 cm
(a) 6 cm (b) 4.5 cm
(d) converging lens of focal length 30 cm
(c) 9 cm (d) 4 cm
Ans: (b)
Ans: (b)
1  nL   1 1 
Sol: =  -1  -  1  1 1 
f1  n s   R 1 R 2  Sol:  (μ-1)  - 
f  R1 R 2 
1  1.5   1 1  1
= -1  -  ...(2) 1 1 
f1  3   R 1 R 2  =(1.5-1)  + 
6  R 2R 
1  0.5   1 1  R = 9 cm
= -1  -  ...(1) 70. A convergent lens of focal length 20 cm and made of a
f  1   R1 R 2 
material with refractive index 1.1 is immersed in water of
 f =10cm 4
refractive index . The lens will behave as a
3
(i) ÷ ( ii )
(a) converging lens of focal length 20 cm
f1  10cm So diverging lens (b) converging lens of focal length less than 20 cm
65. A double convex air bubble in water will behave as (c) converging lens of focal length more than 20 cm
(a) convergent lens (b) divergent lens (d) divergent lens.
(c) plane glass slab (d) concave mirror Ans: (d)
Ans: (b)
1  nL  1 1 
Sol: Air is rarer medium than glass so air bubble in glass behave Sol:   1   ....(i)
as divergent lens. f  n air R
 1 R 2 

66. A glass concave lens is placed in a liquid in which it behave

like a convergent lens. If the refractive indices of glass 1  nL  1 1 
= –1 –  ......(ii)
and liquid with respect to air are ag and al respectively, f1  n water   R1 R 2 
then
(a) ag = 5 al (b) ag > al (i) ÷ ( ii )
(c) ag < al (d) ag = 2 al f1  10cm So, diverging lens
 RAY OPTICS 14

71. A thin convergent glass lens (g = 1.5) has a power of + 5.0 Optical Instruments
D. When this lens is immersed in a liquid of refractive 73. In a simple microscope, the distance of object from the
index l it acts as a divergent lens of focal length 100 cm. lens should be
The value of l must be
(a) more than the focal length of lens
(a) 4/3 (b) 5/3
(b) less than the focal length of lens
(c) 5/4 (d) 6/5
(c) more than twice the focal length
Ans: (b)
(d) more than focal length but less than twice the focal
1 1 length
Sol: P = + 5 .0 D ,  P  5m
f Ans: (b)
5 Sol: To form virtual image object should be between focus and
 cm 1 optical center of a convex lens.
100
74. The magnifying power of simple microscope is
1
 cm 1 f D
20 (a) 1  (b) 1 
D f
1  1 1  f 1 D 1
= (μ-1)  -  (c) (d)
f  R1 R 2  D f
Ans: (b)
1  1 1 
=  μ lens -1  - …(1) D
20  R1 R 2  Sol: 1+
f
-1  μ lens   1 1  75. A compound microscope is used to enlarge an object kept
= -1  -  ......(2) at a distance 0.03m from it’s objective which consists of
100  μ l   R1 R 2  several convex lenses in contact and has focal length
Dividing equation (2) with equation (1) 0.02m. If a lens of focal length 0.1m is removed from the
objective, then by what distance the eye-piece of the
1 microscope must be moved to refocus the image
-5=
 1.5  (a) 2.5 cm (b) 6 cm
2 -1
 μ  (c) 15 cm (d) 9 cm

-15 -15 Ans. (d)

+10=1  =-9
μ μ Sol. If initially the objective (focal length Fo ) forms the image

5 u 0 f0 3 2
μ= at distance v0 then v0  u  f  3  2  6cm
3 0 0
72. A lens of power + 2 diopters is placed in contact with a Now as in case of lenses in contact
lens of power – 1 diopoter. The combination will
behave like 1 1 1 1 1 1
    .......   1
(a) A divergent lens of focal length 50 cm F0 f1 f 2 f3 f1 F0
(b) A convergent lens of focal length 50 cm
(c) A convergent lens of focal length 100 cm  1 1 1 
 Where 1    .....
(d) A divergent lens of focal length 100 cm  F0 f 2 f3 
Ans: (c) So if one of the lens is removed, the focal length of the
Sol. P  P1  P2  P  2  (1)  1D, remaining lens system

100 100 1 1 1 1 1
f   100cm 1
     F01  2.5cm
P 1 F0 F0 f1 2 10
This lens will form the image of same object at a distance
v10 such
 RAY OPTICS 15

1 u 0 F01 3  2.5 79. The magnifying power of simple microscope can be

That v 0  1
  15 cm increased if we use an eyepiece of
u 0  F0 (3  2.5)
(a) large focal length (b) smaller focal length
So to refocus the image, eye-piece must be moved by the
same distance through which the image formed by the (c) large diameter (d) smaller diameter
objective has shifted i.e. 15 – 6 = 9 cm Ans: (b)
76. If the focal length of the objective lens and the eye lens
D
are 4 mm and 25 mm respectively in a compound Sol: M= Image at 
microscope. The length of the tube is 16 cm. Find its f
magnifying power for relaxed eye position D
(a) 32.75 (b) 327.5 M =1+ image at least distance of distinct vision
f
(c) 0.3275 (d) None of the above
Ans. (b) So, f , M 
80. The final image formed by an astronomical telescope is
 L  f 0  f e  D
Sol. By using m  (a) virtual and upright (b) virtual and inverted
f 0 fe
(c) real and upright (d) real and inverted
16  0.4  2.5   25 Ans: (b)
  327.5 Sol: Virtual and inverted
0.4  2.5
81. An astronomical telescope essentially consists of
77. The magnifying power of a compound microscope in terms
(a) two concave lenses
of the magnifying power of objective Mo and that of the
eyepiece Me is (b) two convex lenses
(c) one concave and one convex lens
Mo (d) two plano-concave lenses
(a) M (b) M o  M e
e Ans: (b)
(c) Mo + Me (d) Mo – Me Sol: Two convex lenses
Ans: (b) 82. For the normal setting of a telescope
(a) only the object is at infinity.
Sol: M eq =M1×M 2 (b) only the final image is at infinity.
M = M 0 ×M e (c) both the object and the final image are at infinity.
(d) neither the object nor the final image has to be at infinity
78. Final image produced by the simple microscope is
Ans: (c)
(a) real and erect (b) virtual and erect Sol: Both the object and the final image are at infinity
(c) real inverted (d) virtual and inverted 83. The focal length of objective of an astronomical telescope
Ans: (b) is 1 m. If the magnifying power of telescope is 20, then
Sol: what is length of telescope for relaxed eye?
(a) 85 cm (b) 95 cm
(c) 105 cm (d) 115 cm
Ans: (c)
Sol: Length of telescope = fe +f 0
f0
In case of relaxed eye, M 
fe

1m 1100 cm
 20   fe 
fe 20
f e =5cm
So, L  100cm  5cm  105cm
 RAY OPTICS 16

84. The objective of a telescope has focal length 120 cm and

diameter 5 cm. The focal length of eyepiece is 2 cm. The
magnifying power for an object at infinity is
(a) 24 (b) 60
(c) 12 (d) 300
Ans: (b)
f 0 120cm
Sol: M= = = 60
fe 2 cm
M = 60
85. In a reflecting telescope, the focal length of the eyepiece
is 5 cm. What should be the radius of curvature of the
objective mirror to have magnifying power of 40 ?
(a) 1m (b) 2m
(c) 4m (d) 8 m
Ans: (c)
Telescope focal length
Sol: Magnification =
Eye piece focal length

R R 1
 40   40  100
(2)(5cm) (2)(5) m
R= 4m