Laplace Transformation

Laplace Transforms:
Let f (t ) be a given function defined for all t  0 . Laplace Transform of f (t ) denoted by
L f (t ) or simply L f  is defined as

L f (t )   e  st f (t )dt
0

whenever  e  st f (t )dt exists i.e, it has some finite value and it is a function of s, say F (s) .
0

Laplace Transform of f (t ) also denoted by F (s) .


Hence L  f (t )  L( f )   e st f (t )dt  F (s )
0

Here L is known as Laplace Transform operator. The original given function f (t ) known as
determining function depends on t, while the new function to be determined F (s) called as
generating function depends only on s.
Thus Laplace transform transforms one class of complicated functions f (t ) to produce
another class of simpler functions F (s) .
Notations:
Original functions are denoted by lowercase letters and their transforms by the same
leters in capital , so that F (s) denotes the transform of f (t ) and Y (s) denotes the transform of
y (t ) and so on.
Laplace Transform of Some Elementary Functions:
k
1. L  f (t )  k   where s  0 .
s
Note:- Laplace Transform does not exist for s  0 .
1
2. L  f (t )  1  where s  0
s
L  f (t )  eat  
1
3.
sa
Qu. Find Laplace Transform of f  t   e2t .

Soln.  
L  f  t   L e2t 
1
s2
Qu. Find Laplace Transform of f (t )  e iwt .
Soln.: Given f (t )  eiwt

Then L  f (t )  L  eiwt  
1

 s  iw   s  iw
s  iw  s  iw s  iw  
s 2  w2
s w
 L cos wt  i sin wt  i 2
s w 2 2
s  w2
s w
 L cos wt  iL sin wt  2 i 2
s w 2
s  w2
Equating real and imaginary parts , we get
s w
L cos wt  2 and L sin wt  2
s w 2
s  w2

Dr.Lakshmi Kanta Raju Page 1

 Laplace Transformation

L  f (t )  t a  
1
4.   a  1 , where a is a non-negative real number.
s a 1
 n !
5.  
L f (t )  t n  n 1 , where n is a non-negative integer.
s
Qu. Find Laplace Transform of f (t )  t 2 .
Soln.: L  f (t )  L  t 2   3
2
s
Applications of Laplace Transformation :
Laplace Transformation is very useful in obtaining solution of linear differential
equations( both ordinary and partial), solution of system of simultaneous differential equations ,
solution of integral equations, solution of linear differential equations and in the evaluation of
definite integrals.
Advantages of Laplace Transformation:
1. With the applications of Laplace Transform , particular solution of differential
equation is obtained directly without the necessity of first determinig general
solution and then obtaining the particular solution.
2. L.T solves non-homogeneous differential equation without the necessity of first solvig
the corresponding homogeneous differential equation.
3. L.T. is applicable not only to continuous functions but also to piecewise
continuous functions, complicated periodic functions, step functions and impulse
functions.

Piecewise Contineous:
A function f (t ) is piecewise continuous on a finite interval a  t  b if f (t ) is defined on
that interval and is such that the interval can be subdivided into finitely many intervals in each of
which f (t ) is continuous and has finite limits as t approaches either point of the interval of
subdivision from the interior.
Existence Theorem for Laplace Transforms:
Let f (t ) be a function that is piecewise continuous on every finite interval in the range
t  0 and satifies
f (t )  Me kt
for all t  0 and for some constants k and M .Then Laplace Transform of f (t ) exists for all s  k
.
Note: Laplace Transform of a given function exists and it is uniquely determined.
Properties:
Property-1:( Linearity Principle) :
If Laplace Transform any two functions f (t ) and g (t ) are exist then for any two
constants a and b,
L af (t )  bg (t )  aL  f (t )  bL g (t )
Qu. Find Laplace Transform of f (t )  cosh(at ) .
Soln.: Given f (t )  cosh(at ) = e at  e  at 
1
2
Then L f (t )= L e at  e at 
 1 
2 

Dr.Lakshmi Kanta Raju Page 2

 Laplace Transformation

= Le at   Le at 

1 1
2 2
1 1 1 
=   
2sa sa
1sasa
=  
2  s  a s  a 

Hence L cosh  at   2
s
s  a2
Qu. Find Laplace Transform of f (t )  sinh(at ) .
Soln.: Given f (t )  sinh(at ) = e at  e at 
1
2
Then L f (t )= L e at  e at 
1 
2 
= Le at   Le at 
1 1
2 2
1 1 1 
=   
2sa sa
1sasa
=  
2  s  a s  a 

Hence L sinh  at   2
a
s  a2
3
 1 
Qu. Find  t   .
 t
3
 1  3 1 1 3
Soln.:  t    t  3t  3t  t
2 2 2 2

 t

 

 1  
3
 3 1 1 3
Then L  t     L t  3t  3t  t
2 2 2 2


 t 
3  1   1   3 
   1    1    1    1
 
2 
3 
2 
3    2 
2
3 1 1 3
1 1 1 1
s2 s2 s2 s2
3 1 1 1 1 1  1 
.        
2 2 2 2 2
3     
2 2
 5
3 3 1 1
2
s s2 s2 s2
3  3  
 5

4s 2 2s 2 3
s 2  2  
 3 1  2  s   1   ,  1  2  
2  
 3 6 12 8 
  5  3  1  1  (Ans)
4 s 2 s 2 s 2 s 2 
Property-2: (First Shifting Theorem / Replacement of s by s  a in the Transform) :
If L  f  t   F  s  , then L eat f  t   F  s  a 

Dr.Lakshmi Kanta Raju Page 3

 Laplace Transformation
 
Proof:- R.H.S= F ( s  a)   e  s  a t
   
f (t )dt   e  st e at f (t ) dt L e at f (t ) =L.H.S
0 0

Qu. Find Laplace Transform of eat cos wt .

Soln.: Let f (t )  cos wt
s
Then L  f (t )  L cos wt  2  F  s  (say)
s  w2
By First Shifting Theorem, L eat f (t )  F  s  a 
sa

 L eat cos wt   (Ans)
s  a
2
 w2
Qu. Find Laplace Transform of eat sin wt .
Soln.:- Let f (t )  sin wt
w
Then L  f (t )  L sin wt  2  F  s  (say)
s  w2
By First Shifting Theorem, L eat f (t )  F  s  a 


 L eat sin wt   w
(Ans)
s  a
2
 w2
Qu. Find L e3t cos2 t .
  1  cos 2t  
Soln: L e3t cos2 t = L e3t  
  2 
1  cos 2t  1  1 s 
Now L  f  t   L     2   F s
 2  2 s s  4
  1  cos 2t  
Then by First shifting L e3t    = F  s  3
  2 
1  1 s  3 
=    (Ans)
2   s  3  s  3 2  4 
 
Qu. Find Laplace Transform of 5t .

 
Soln.: L  5t   L eln 5  L  et ln 5  
t 1
s  ln 5
(Ans)

Property-3: (Change of Scale ):

1 s
If L f (t )  F (s) , then L  f  at   F 
a a
Qu. Find Lsin3t .
Soln.: Let f  t   sin  t  .

Then L  f  t   L sin  t  
1
 F  s  (say)
s 1 2

1 s
 By changing of Scale L  f (at )  F  
a a

Dr.Lakshmi Kanta Raju Page 4

 Laplace Transformation

1 s
 L  f  3t   F  
3 3
 L sin  3t   .
1 1
3 s 2 1
3  
1  9 
 L sin  3t   .  2
3
 2 (Ans)
3  s 9 s 9
Property-4:(Laplace Transform of the derivative of f (t ) :
L  f   t   sL  f  t   f  0 
L  f   t   s 2 L  f  t   sf  0   f   0
L  f   t   s3 L  f  t   s 2 . f  0   s. f   0   f   0 
Similarly
 
L f  n  t   s n L  f  t   s  n1 f  0   s  n2 f   0   ......  f  n1  0 
Property-5: (Laplace Transform of the Integral of a function):
t
  1

If L  f  t   F  s  , then L   f  u  du   .F  s 
0
  s

t w v
  F s

If L  f  t   F  s  , then generalization for the nth integral L   ... dv  f  u  du   n
0 0 0
 
 s
t
Qu. Find laplace transform of  eu cos u du
0

s
Soln.: We have L cos u  2 .
s 1
s 1
Then by s-shifting principle L eu cos u 
 s  1
2
1
s 1
Suppose f  u   eu cos u . Then F  s  
 s  1
2
1


t

 1
We Know that L   f  u  du   .F  s 

0 
 s
 t u
  1  s 1 

 L   e cos u du    
 s   s  1  1 
2
0
 


t

 1  s 1 
 L   eu cos u du    2  (Ans)

0  s  s  2s  1 

Property-6: Differentiation of Transforms(Multiplication by t ):
n
n

If L  f  t   F  s  , then L t f  t    1 
n d

ds n
F  s  for n  1, 2,3,...

L t . f  t    1 F  s    F   s 
d
i.e,
ds
2

 
L t . f  t    1
2 2 d

ds 2
F  s   F   s 
Dr.Lakshmi Kanta Raju Page 5
 Laplace Transformation

d3
 
L t 3 . f  t    1
3

ds3
F  s   F   s 
and so on.
Qu. Find L t et 
Soln.: Let us take f  t   et

Then L  f  t   L et  
1
 F  s  (say)
s 1
 L t . f  t   
d
F s
ds
d  1 
 
 L t .et   
ds  s  1 


 1 
 
 L t et   1  
1
  s  1   s  12
2
(Ans)
 
Qu. Find L t e cos t
t

s
Soln.: We know that L cos t 
s 12

Then by first shifting property L et .cos t   s


s  1 s s 1 2

s 1 s 1
 L et .cos t   2
 s  1  1 s  2s  2
2

d  s 1 
Then 
L t et cos t     
ds  s 2  2s  2 


 s 2  2s  2   s  1 2s  2   

 L t e cos t   
t
 

 

2

 s  2s  2
2

 2 
s  2s  2  2s 2  4s  2 

t
 L t e cos t    

 

2

 s 2  2s  2 
 
 s 2  2s  s 2  2s

t
 L t e cos t     
 s 2  2s  2 2 
   
2

  s 2
 2 s  2
s  s  2

 L t et cos t   (Ans)
 
2
s 2  2s  2
Qu. Find L t sin 2t
2

Soln.: Let us take f  t   sin 2t

Then L  f  t   L sin 2t 

2
 F  s  (say)
s 4 2


We know that L t 2 f  t     1
2 d

ds 2
F s

Dr.Lakshmi Kanta Raju Page 6

 Laplace Transformation

d2  2 
 
 L t 2 sin 2t   1
2
 
ds 2  s 2  4 
 
d  2s 

 L t sin 2t  2
2


ds  s 2  4 2 
  
 
 
 L t sin 2t  4
2 d  s 
ds  s 2  4 2 
   
 4   
 s 2  4 2  s.2 s 2  4 .2s   
 4
 4


s  8s 2  16  4s 4  16s 2 

 
 
  
4 4

 s 2
 4   s 2
 4 
   4 
 3s 4  8s 2  16   3s  8s 2  16 
 4 4

 
  s2  4 4 
 
4

 s 2
 4   

4
 4
 2s  8s 2  s 4  16 

 4
   
 2s 2 s 2  4  s 2  4 s 2  4 
 

   
  
4 4

 s 4
2
  s 4
2

  s  4  2s  s  4  
2 2   3s  4  
2 2

 L t sin 2t  4
2    4  (Ans)

 s  4 
  s  4 
 
4 3
2 2
 
Property-7: Integration of Transforms(Division by t) :
 f t   
If L  f  t   F  s  , then L     F  u  du
 t  s
 et .sin t 
Qu. Find L  
 t 
1
Soln.: We know that L sin t  2
s 1
 
 sin t  1 
Then L   2 du  tan 1 u  tan 1   tan 1 s =  tan 1 s  cot 1 s
 t  s u 1 s
2
By first shifting property, we have
  sin t  
L et     cot  s  1
1
(Ans)
  t 
 sin 2 t 
Qu. Find L  
 t 
Soln.:Let us take f  t   sin 2 t
  
Then L f  t   L sin t
2

1  cos 2t  1 1 1 s 
 L    L 1  L cos 2t    2  F  s  (say)
 2  2 2  s s  4 
 f t   
We Know that L     F  u  du
 t  s

Dr.Lakshmi Kanta Raju Page 7

 Laplace Transformation

 sin 2 t  1   1 u 
Then L     2  du
 t  2 su u 4

 sin 2 t  1  1 
 L   ln u  ln u  4 
2

 t  2 2 s
 
 sin 2 t  1  u  1 u2 
 L    ln    ln 
 t  2 u 2  4  s 2  u 2  4 
s

 sin 2 t  1  u2 
 L   ln 2 
 t  4  u  4 s

  
 sin 2 t  1   1 
 L   ln  
 t  4   1 4 
  u   s
2

  
 sin 2 t  1   1  1 s2
 L   0  ln     ln
 t  4  1  42  4 s2  4
  s  
 sin 2 t  1  s 2  4 
 L   ln  2  (Ans)
 t  4  s 

et sin 2 t
Qu. Evaluate  dt
0
t

et sin 2 t  sin 2 t 
Soln.: We have  dt  L  
0
t  t  s 1
 sin 2 t 
Now we have to find L  
 t 
Let us take f  t   sin 2 t
  
Then L f  t   L sin t
2

1  cos 2t  1
 L    L 1  L cos 2t
 2  2
1 1 s 
   2  F s
2  s s  4 
 f t   
Therefore L    F  u  du
 t  s

 sin t  1  1
2
u 
 L     2  du
 t  2 su u 4

1 1 
 ln u  ln u 2  4 
2 2 s

Dr.Lakshmi Kanta Raju Page 8

 Laplace Transformation

 
1 u  1 u2 
 ln   ln 2 
2 u 2  4  s 2  u  4 
s

1 u2 
 ln 2 
4  u  4 s
1 s2  1 s2
  0  ln    ln
4 s2  4  4 s2  4
 sin 2 t  1  s 2  4 
 L   ln  2 
 t  4  s 
 sin 2 t  1  s2  4  1
Then L    ln  2   ln 5
 t  s 1 4  s  s 1 4

et sin 2 t 1
Hence  dt  ln 5 (Ans)
0
t 4
Unit Step Function :
Unit step function is defined as
0 if t  a
u t  a    where a  0 .
1 if t  a

Then L u  t  a    e st u  t  a  dt
0
a 
  e st u  t  a  dt   e  st u  t  a  dt
0 a
a 
  e st .0 dt   e  st .1 dt
0 a

1
 0  e st
s a

e as
 L u  t  a   
1
s

0  e as 
s

e as
 L u  t  a  
s
nd
Property-8:( 2 shifting theorem or t-shifting Theorem) :
If L {f (t )}= F (s ) , then L {f (t - a)u (t - a)}= e- as F (s )
¥

òe
- st
Proof: We know that L {f ( t )}= f ( t )dt = F (s ) .
0
¥ ¥

òe òe
- as - as - st - s(t + a )
Then e F (s ) = e f ( t )d t = f ( t )d t
0 0

Take t + a = t Þ t = t - a
Then d t = dt
when t = 0 then t = a and when t ® ¥ then t ® ¥

Dr.Lakshmi Kanta Raju Page 9

 Laplace Transformation
¥

òe
- as - st
Now e F (s ) = f ( t - a )dt
a
¥

Þ e F (s ) = 0 + òe f ( t - a ).1dt
- as - st

a
a ¥

Þ e F (s ) = òe f ( t - a ).u (t - a )dt + òe f ( t - a ).u (t - a )dt

- as - st - st

0 a

 0 if t  a 
 u t  a    
 1 if t  a 
¥

Þ e- as F (s ) = òe f ( t - a ).u (t - a )dt
- st

Þ e - as
F (s)= L {f ( t - a ).u (t - a)} (proved)

Qu. 
Find L t.u  t    
Soln.: L t.u  t     L  f  t    u  t    (say)
Where f  t     t   t      then f  t   t  
1 
 L  f  t   L  t     
s2 s
we know that L  f  t    u  t     e s L  f  t 
1 
L tu  t     e s  2   (Ans)
s s
Qu. Find Laplace transform of 4u  t    cos t
Ans: 
L 4u  t    cos t  4L u  t    cos   t       
 4L u  t    .  cos  t   
 4L u  t    .cos  t   
 4e s L cos t
s
 4e s . (Ans)
s 1
2

Qu. Find L t 2u  t  1

Soln.: L t 2u  t  1  L  f  t  1 u  t  1 (say)

f  t  1  t 2   t  1  1 then f  t    t  1  t 2  2t  1
2 2


L  f  t   L t 2  2t  1   2 2 1
 
s3 s 2 s
we know that L  f  t  1 u  t  1  e s L  f t 
 2 2 1
 s s

 L t 2u  t  1  e s  3  2  
s
(Ans)

Dirac-delta function:
Dirac’s Delta function denoted as   t  a  and defined by

Dr.Lakshmi Kanta Raju Page 10

 Laplace Transformation

  t  a   lim f k  t  a 
x 0

1
 ,if a  t  a  k
Where f k  t  a    k

0 , otherwise
Note: Laplace Transform of Dirac’s Delta function is
L   t  a   e a s
Qu. Find L   t  1
Soln.: L   t  1  e s
Express a function by using of Unit step function:
 f1  t  , if 0  t  a

Let f  t    f 2  t  , if a  t  2a

 f 3  t  , i t  2a
Then by using Unit Step function f  t  written as
f  t   f1  t  u  t  0   f 2  t   f1  t  u  t  a    f3 t   f 2 t  u t  2a 
 f  t   f1  t  u  t  0  u  t  a   f 2  t  u  t  a   u t  2a   f3 t  u t  2a 
To find Laplace Transform of f  t  , apply Laplace Transform both sides and proceed.

Qu. Find the Laplace transform of the following function:

2, if 0  t  

f  t   0, if   t  2
sin t , if t  2

2, if 0  t  

Soln.: Given that f  t   0, if   t  2
sin t , if t  2

Then f  t  written as the sum of unit step functions as
f  t   2u  t  0   0  2  u  t      sin t  0  u t  2 
 f  t   2u  t  0  2u  t     sin t.u  t  2 
L  f  t   L 2u  t  0   2u  t     sin t.u t  2 
 2L u  t  0   2L u  t     L sin t.u t  2 
2 2e s
   L sin t.u  t  2  ----------------------------(i)
s s
Consider g  t  2   sin t  sin   t  2   2 
Then g  t   sin  t  2   sin t
By second shifting we know that L g  t  2  u  t  2   e2 s L g  t 
 1 
Then L sin t.u  t  2  = e2 s L sin t = e2 s  2  -----------------(ii)
 s 1 

Dr.Lakshmi Kanta Raju Page 11

 Laplace Transformation

Using (ii) in (i) we get

2 2e s  1 
L  f  t  =   e2 s  2  (Ans)
s s  s 1 
cos t , if 0  t  

Qu. Find Laplace Transform of f  t   cos 2t , if   t  2
cos 3t , if t  2

cos t , if 0  t  

Soln.: Suppose f  t   cos 2t , if   t  2
cos 3t , if t  2

= cos t.u  t  0   cos 2t  cos t  u t      cos3t  cos 2t  u t  2 
= cos t.u  t  0  cos 2t.u  t     cos t.u t     cos3t.u t  2   cos 2t.u t  2 
Hence L  f  t  =
L cos t.u  t  0   cos 2t.u  t     cos t.u  t     cos3t.u  t  2   cos 2t.u t  2 
= L cos t.u  t  0   L cos 2t.u  t     L cos t.u t     L cos3t.u t  2 
 L cos 2t.u  t  2  -------------------------------------(i)
(a)Let f  t  0  cos t  cos  t  0   f t   cos t

L cos t.u  t  0   e0.s L cos t 

s
-------------------------------------(ii)
s 1
2

(b)Let f  t     cos 2t  cos 2  t     

 f  t   cos 2  t     cos  2  2t   cos 2t

L cos 2t.u  t     e s L cos 2t  e s .

s
------------------------------------(iii)
s 4
2

(c)Let f  t     cos t  cos  t     

 f  t   cos  t      cos t

L cos t.u  t     e s .L  cos t  e s .

s
------------------------------------(iv)
s 12

(d)Let f  t  2   cos3t  cos3  t  2  2 

 f  t   cos3  t  2   cos3t

L cos3t.u  t  2   e2 s .L cos3t  e2 s .

s
-------------------------------------(v)
s 92

(e)Let f  t  2   cos 2t  cos 2  t  2  2 

 f  t   cos 2  t  2   cos  4  2t   cos 2t

L cos 2t.u  t  2   e2 s .L cos 2t  e 2 s .

s
------------------------------------(vi)
s 4
2

Using (ii) to (v) in (i) , we get

L  f  t   2
s s s s s
 e  s . 2  e  s . 2  e2 s . 2  e2 s . 2
s 1 s 4 s 1 s 9 s 4
s  s s  2 s  s s 
= 2  e  s  2  2 e  2  2  (Ans)
s 1  s  4 s 1   s 9 s 4
Dr.Lakshmi Kanta Raju Page 12
 Laplace Transformation


0 if 0  t  1
 2
t 
Qu. Express f  t    if 1  t  in terms of unit step function and find its Laplace
2 2
 
cos t if t 
2
transform.
Soln.: By using unit step function, the function f  t  expressed as
t2  t2    
f t   .u  t  1   cos t   u  t  
2  2  2
t2 t2     
 .u  t  1  .u  t    cos t. u  t  
2 2  2  2
t2 t2      
 L  f  t   L  .u  t  1  .u  t    cos t. u  t   
2 2  2  2 
1        
 L  f  t   L t 2 .u  t  1  L t 2 .u  t     L cos t. u  t   
1
----------------(i)
2 2   2    2 
Take L t 2u  t  1  L  f1  t  1 u  t  1 (say)

f1  t  1  t 2   t  1  1 then f1  t    t  1  t 2  2t  1
2 2

 
L  f1  t   L t 2  2t  1 
2 2 1
 
s3 s 2 s
we know that L  f1  t  1 u  t  1  e s L  f1  t 
 2 2 1
 
 L t 2u  t  1  e s  3  2  
s s s
----------------(ii)

          
Take L t 2 .u  t     L  f 2  t   u  t    (say)
  2    2   2 
2
         2
2

f 2  t    t 2   t     then f 2  t    t    t 2  2t 
 2  2  2   2 4
  2  2 2  2
L  f 2  t   L  t 2  2t    3  2 
 4  s s 4s
        s
we know that L  f 2  t   u  t     e 2 L  f 2  t 
  2   2 
 2      2 s  2 2  2 
 L t .u  t     e  3  2   ---------------(iii)
  2  s s 4s 
          
Take L cos t.u  t     L  f3  t   u  t    (say)
  2    2   2 
        
f3  t    cos t  cos   t     then f3  t   cos  t     sin t
 2  2  2   2

L  f3  t   L   sin t    2
1
s 1

Dr.Lakshmi Kanta Raju Page 13

 Laplace Transformation

        s
we know that L  f3  t   u  t     e 2 L  f 3  t 
  2   2 

     s  1 
 L cos t.u  t     e 2   2  ---------------(iv)
  2   s 1 
By using (ii),(iii) and(iv) in (i), we get
1   s  2 2 1  1    2 s  2 2  2  
 
 2s  1 
 L  f  t   e  3  2     e  3  2    e   2  (Ans)
2 s s s  2 
  s s 4 s 
  s  1 

Dr.Lakshmi Kanta Raju Page 14

 Laplace Transformation

Inverse Laplace Transformation:

Inverse Laplace Transforms:
If F  s   L  f (t ) is Laplace Transform of f (t ) , then inverse Laplace transform of F  s  denoted
by L1 F  s  is f  t  .
i.e, L1 F  s   f  t 
Inverse Laplace Transform of Some Elementary Functions:
k k 
1. L k   where s  0 , then L1    k
s s
1  5 
Qu: Find L1   and L1  
s s
1  5 
Soln.: L1    1 and L1    5
s s
 1  at
L eat  
1
2. , then L1  e
sa s  a
 1  1  1  1  1 
Qu: Find L1  , L  , L  
 s  1  s  1 s  2
 1  t 1  1  1  1 
Soln.: L1  e , L 
t
e , L  e
2t

 s  1  s  1 s  2
   a  1   1  ta
L t a   a 1   a  1 , then L1  a 1   t a  L1  a 1  
1
3.
s  s   s    a  1
where a is a non-negative real number.
   
1  1  1  1 
Qu: Find L  3  and L  5 
 s 2   s 2 
1 1 1
1  1 
    t2 t2 t2 t
Soln.: L1  3   L1  1     2
 s 2   s 2 1    1  1 1   1  1 .  
2  2 2 2
3 3 3
1  1 
    t2 t2 t2 4 t
And L1  5   L1  3      t
 s 2   s 2 1    3  1 3   3  3 . 1 .  3 
2  2 2 2 2
 n!   1  t
n
If L t n   n 1 , then L1  n 1   t n  L1  n 1  
n!
4.
s s   s  n!
where n is a non-negative integer.
1 1 5
Qu: Find L1  2  , L1  5  , L1  7 
s  s  s 
1  1  t
Soln: L1  2   L1  11    t
s   s  1!
1  1  t
4
t4
L1  5   L1  41   
s   s  4! 24

Dr.Lakshmi Kanta Raju Page 15

 Laplace Transformation

5 1  1  t6 t6
L1  7   5L1  7   5L1  61   5. 
s  s  s  6! 144
s  s 
5. If L cos wt  2 , then L1  2 2
 cos wt
s w 2
s  w 
w  w   1  sin wt
6. If L sin wt  2 , then L1  2 2
 sin wt  L1  2 2

s w 2
s  w  s  w  w

s  s 
7. If L cosh wt  , then L1  2 2
 cosh wt
s w
2 2
s  w 
w  w   1  sinh wt
8. If L sinh wt  2 , then L1  2 2
 sinh wt  L1  2 2

s w 2
s  w  s  w  w
 s  1  1  1  1  1  s 
Qu. Find L1  2 , L  2 , L  2 , L  2 
s  4 s  4 s 9 s 9
 s 
Soln.: L1  2   cos 2t
s  4
 1  sin 2t
L1  2 
s  4 2
 1  sinh 3t
L1  2 
s 9 3
 s 
L1  2   cosh 3t
s 9
 e as 
9. L1    u t  a 
 s 
10.  
L1 e as    t  a 
Properties:
Property-1:( Linearity Principle) :
If L1 F  s   f  t  and L1 G  s   g  t  , then for any two constants a and b,
L1 a F  s   bG  s   a L1 F  s   b L1 G  s 
 3s  8 
Qu. Find L1  2 
 4s  25 
 3s  8  1  s  1  8 
Soln. L1  2   3L  2  L  2 
 4s  25   4s  25   4s  25 
   
3 1  s  8 1  1 
 L  2
 L  2
4  s2  5
  
2 
 4  s2  5
 2 
  
   5 
3 1  s  8 2 1  2 
 L  2
 . L  2
4  s2  5
 2  
 4 5  s2  5
 2 
  
3
4 2   4
 cos 5 t  sin 5 t
5 2   (Ans)

Dr.Lakshmi Kanta Raju Page 16

 Laplace Transformation

 8s  20 
Qu. Find L1  2 
 s  12s  32 
 8s  20   8s  20 
1  
Soln: L1  2 L  
 s  12s  32    s  4  s  8  
 
By Partial Fraction,
 8s  20  1  13 21 
L1  2 L   
 s  12s  32  s  4 s 8
 8s  20  1  1  1  1 
 L1  2   13L    21L  
 s  12s  32  s  4 s 8
 8s  20 
 L1  2   13e  21e
4t 8t
(Ans)
 s  12 s  32 
9
Qu. What is the inverse Laplace transform of 2 2 ?
s ( s  9)
 9  1  s 2  ( s 2  9) 
Soln.: L1  2 2 L  2 2 
 s ( s  9)   s ( s  9) 
 1  1  1  1
 L1  2   L  2   sinh  3t   t (Ans)
 ( s  9)  s  3
s3  s 2  s  4
Qu. Find the inverse Laplace Transform of ?
s 4  5s 2  4
1  
 s s 2  1  1 s 2  4    s 1 
1  s  s  s  4   1  
3 2
Soln.: L  4   L    L  2  
 s  5s  4    s  1 s  4     s  4   s  1 
2 2 2 2
   
 cosh  2t   sinh  t  (Ans)
Property-2: (First Shifting Theorem) :
If L1 F  s   f  t  , then L1 F  s  a   eat f  t 
3
Qu. Find the inverse Laplace transform of .
s  6s  18
2

  
1 

3 1  3  3
Soln.: L1  2   L  2   L 
3t
  e sin 3t (Ans)
 s  6s  18   s  6s  9  9    s  3  3 
2 2

Property-3: (Change of Scale ):

 1  s 
If L1 F  s   f  t  , then L1  F     f  at 
 a  a 
1 1   s  
 L  F     f  at 
a   a 
t
 k L1 F  k s   f  
k
1 t
 L1 F  k s   f  
1
( where k)
k k a
 s  t sin t  8s 
Qu. If L1  2 2
 then find L1  2 2
.
 ( s  1)  2  (4s  1) 

Dr.Lakshmi Kanta Raju Page 17

 Laplace Transformation

 s  t sin t
Soln.: Given L1  2 2

 ( s  1)  2
s t sin t
Take F  s   2 and f  t  
( s  1) 2
2
   
 8s1  1  2s 
Now L  2
 4L  2

 4s  1

2
  
  
  2s   1
2
 

 4 L1 F  2s 
1 t
 4. . f  
2 2
 
1  8s  1 t t t t
L  2
 2.  sin  = sin (Ans)
  4s  1 

2 22 2 2 2

Property-4:
 F s  t
If L1 F  s   f  t  , then L1     f  u  du
 s  0
1 F  s 
  t w v
If L F  s   f  t  , then L  n    ... dv  f  u  du
1

 s  0 0 0
1
Qu. Find the inverse Laplace Transforms of .
s s 9
2
 
1 F  s 

 1 
 1 
1 1 
  
Ans: L1  =L  . 2 L  
 
s s 9
2
 
 

s s 9  
   s 
1
where F s  2
s 9
 1 
 L1 F  s   L1  2 
s  9
1
 f  t   sin 3t
3
we know that
 F s  t
L1     f  u  du
 s  0
 1  1   cos 3u 
t
1  1
L  . 2  
 
 s s  9  3  3  0


1
   cos 3t  cos 0
9
1
 1  cos 3t  (Ans)
9
1  s 1
Qu. Find the inverse Laplace transform of  .
s2  s  1

Dr.Lakshmi Kanta Raju Page 18

 Laplace Transformation

 1  s  1   1  1  1  1  1  
Soln.: L1  2   = L    2  
 s  s  1   s  s  1  s  s  1 
 1  1   1  1  1  
= L1     L  2   -----------------------------------(i)
 s  s  1   s  s  1 
 1  t
We know that L1  e
 s 1 
 1  1 
t

   e du
u
Then L1   =
 
s s  1  0
= e u =   et  1 = 1  et
t
----------------------------------(ii)
0

 1  1 
t
and L1  2  
  =  1  e du
u

 s  s  1  0
=  u  eu 
t

= t  e t
   0  1  t  e t
1 ----------------------------------(iii)
Using (ii) & (iii) in (i),we get
 1  s  1 
L1  2    = 1  e    t  e  1  2  2e  t
t t t
(Ans)
 s  s  1 

 1 

Qu. Find L1  2 2 2 
s s  a 
 
 1  1
Soln.: We know that L1  2 2
 sin  at 
s  a  a

 

t
1   cos  au  
t

  2 1  cos  at  
1 1 1
   sin  au  du  
1
Then L 

2

s s  a
2

 0 a a a 0 a

 

t
By similar argument, L1  2 2
1
2 
 
1
1  cos  au   du

 s s  a 
 0
a2 
 sin  au   1  sin  at  
t
1
 2 u   = 2 t   (Ans)
a  a 0 a  a 
Property- 5:
 n
 n
n   
If L1 F  s   f  t  , then L1  1
n d
F s  t f t 
 ds 
 dn 
 L1  n F  s    1 t n f  t    1   1 
n n n

 ds   
d 
i.e, L1  F  s    t f  t 
 ds 
d 2

L1  2 F  s   t 2 f  t 
 ds 

Dr.Lakshmi Kanta Raju Page 19

 Laplace Transformation

 d3 
L  3 F  s    t 3 f  t 
1

 ds 
and so on .

  s  1 
2 
Qu. Find L1 log  
 
  s  s  1 


 s2  1  
Soln.: Let F  s   log    log  s  1  log s  log  s  1
2

 s  s  1 
 
2s 1 1
Then F   s   2  
s 1 s s 1
Taking inverse Laplace transform both sides, we get
 2s 1 
L1 F   s   L1  2
1
  
 s  1 s s  1
 tf  t   2cos t  1  et
2cos t  1  et
 f t  
t

   s 2  1   1  et  2cos t
 L1 log    (Ans)

   s  s  1 
 t
  w2  
 
Qu. Find L1 ln 1  2   .
 
 s  
 w2   s 2  w2 
Soln.: Let F  s   ln 1  2   ln  2  
  ln s  w  ln s
2 2
 
2

 s   s 
2s 2
Then F   s   2 
s w 2
s
Taking inverse laplace transform bothsides, we get
 2s 2
L1 F   s   L1  2  
s  w s 
2

 s  1 
 tf  t   2 L1  2 2
 2 L1    2  cos wt  1
s  w  s
2  cos wt  1 2 1  cos wt 
 f t   
t t
  w 
 2
 2 1  cos wt 
Hence L1 ln 1  2    (Ans)
 
 s   t
s2  9
Qu. Find the inverse Laplace transform of ln 2 ?
s 1
 s2  9 
Ans: Let F  s   ln  2

  
  ln s  9  ln s  1
2 2

 s 1 
2s 2s
Then F   s   2  2
s  9 s 1
Taking inverse laplace transform bothsides, we get

Dr.Lakshmi Kanta Raju Page 20

 Laplace Transformation

 2s 2s 
L1 F   s   L1  2  2 
 s  9 s  1
 s   s 
 tL1 F  s   2 L1  2 2   2 L1  2 
s 3   s  1
 tL1 F  s   2  cos3t  cos t 
2  cos3t  cos t  2  cos t  cos3t 
 L1 F  s   
t t

  s  9  2
 2  cos t  cos 3t 
Hence L1 ln  2   (Ans)
  s  1 
  t
 s 1 
Qu. Find the inverse Laplace transform of ln  
 s 1 
 s 1 
Soln.: Let F  s   ln    ln  s  1  ln  s  1
 s 1 
1 1
Then F   s   
s 1 s 1
Taking inverse laplace transform bothsides, we get
 1 1 
L1 F   s   L1   
 s  1 s  1
 1  1  1 
 tL1 F  s   L1   L  
 s  1  s  1
 tL1 F  s   et  et
e  t  et et  e  t
 L1 F  s   
t t
t
1   s  1  e  e
t
Hence L ln    (Ans)
  s  1  t
s
Qu. Find the inverse Laplace transform of .
 s2   2 
2

1 2s
Soln.: Let F  s    Fs 
 s  2
2
 s 2
 2 
2

We know that L 1 F   s   t f  t 
 
 2s 
L  1
2
 t f  t 

 s   
2 2

 
 
 t L 1 F  s 
s
 2 L 1  2

 s   
2 2

 
1   t 1 t 1  
L 
s
2
 L  F  s   L  2
1


 s    2
2 2
 2  s  
2
  

Dr.Lakshmi Kanta Raju Page 21

 Laplace Transformation

 
 s  t
L  1
2
 sin  t  (Ans)
 s 2
  2

 2

  2 
Qu. Find L1  tan 1  2   .
  s 
2
Ans: Suppose F  s   tan 1  2 
s 
 s 4   4   4s 
Then F  s  

1
 4s    4
3
 3 
  4 
1 4
4  s  4  s   s 4
s

 =     
   s 2  2s  2  s 2  2s  2 
4s
= 
 s 2  2   2s 2    s 2  2s  2  s 2  2s  2  
 
2

   
1 1 1 1
= 2  2 = 
s  2s  2 s  2s  2  s  1  1  s  1  1
2 2

We know that L1 F   s   tf  t 

 1 1 
 L1     tf  t 
  s  1  1  s  1  1 
2 2

 1  1  1 
 L1    L     tf  t 
  s  1  1    s  1  1 
2 2

 et sin t  et sin t  tf  t 

 f t  
e t

 et sin t
t
 L1 F  s   e  e 
sin t t t
t
  2   2sin t.sinh t
 L1  tan 1  2    (Ans)
  s  t
  s 
Qu. Find L1 arc cot   
  2 
s s
Soln.: Take F  s   arc cot    cot 1   .
2 2
1 1 2
Then F   s   .  2
2 
 s  2 s 4
1  
2
 2 
We have L1 F   s   L1  2 
 s  4
 tf  t    sin 2t
sin 2t
 f t  
t

Dr.Lakshmi Kanta Raju Page 22

 Laplace Transformation

 L1 F  s  
sin 2t
t
  s   sin 2t
Hence L1 arc cot     (Ans)
  2  t
Property-6:

  f t 

If L1 F  s   f  t  , then L1   F  u  du  
s
 
 t
 1  s 2  9 
 
Qu. Find L1  ln  2 
 2  s  4 
 
1  s2  9 
Soln.: Take F  s   ln  2 
2  s 4

= ln  s 2  9   ln  s 2  4 
1 1
2 2

 u u 
=  2  2 du
s
u 4 u 9

=  F  u du
s

  f t 



We know that, L1   F  u du  

s 
 t
u u
Now F  u   2  2
u 4 u 9
f  t   cos  2t   cos  3t 
 cos  2t   cos  3t 
 1  s 2  9 

L1  ln  2  = (Ans)
 2  s  4 
  t
 u
 u  
Qu. Find L1   2  2 
 s u  9 u  16 
 

  f t 

Soln.: We know that, L1   F  u du  
s
 
 t
 u u 
So f  t   L1 F  u  du  L1  2  2 
 u  9 u  16 
= cos  3t   cos  4t 
 u   cos  3t   cos  4t 

 u
L1   2  2  (Ans)

s u  9 u  16 
 t
nd
Property-7:( 2 shifting theorem ) :
If L1 F  s   f  t  , then L- 1 {e- as F (s)}= f (t - a)u (t - a)
 e3s 
Qu. Find L1  2
  s  4  

Dr.Lakshmi Kanta Raju Page 23

 Laplace Transformation

 e3s  1  3s 1 
Soln.: L1  2
= L e . 2
= L1 e3s .F  s  (say)
  s  4     s  4  
 1  4t
Now L1 F  s  = L1  2
 e .t  f  t  (say)
  s  4  
By second shifting,
L1 e3s .F  s   f  t  3 u  t  3
 1  4 t 3
 L1 e3s . 2
e .  t  3 .u  t  3 (Ans)
  s  4  

3 1  e  s 
s 
Qu. Find the inverse Laplace transform of .
2
9

 3 1  e  
  s
 1  3  1   s  3  
Soln.: L1  2 L  2   L e .  2  ------------------------------------(i)
 s  9   s  9    s  9 
 
3
Suppose F  s   2 .
s 9
 3 
Then L1 F  s   L1  2   sin 3t  f  t  (say) ----------------------------------(ii)
s  9
By Inverse Laplace Transform of second shifting,
L1 e s .F (s)  f  t    .u  t   
  3 
 L1 e s .  2    sin 3  t    .u  t   
  s  9 
 sin  3t  3  .u  t   
  sin  3  3t  .u  t   
  sin  3t  .u  t    ------------------------------------(iii)
Using (ii) & (iii) in (i) we get,
1  
 3 1  e  s  

L  2   sin 3t  sin  3t  .u  t     sin 3t 1  u  t    (Ans)
 s 9 
 
1  3 e s e3s 
Qu. Find L   4  4 
s s2 s2 
3 e s e3s  1   1  1
Soln.: L1   4 2  4 2   3L1    4 L1 e s 2   4 L1 e3s 2  ------------------(i)
s s s  s   s   s 
1 
We know that L1    1 -----------------(ii)
s
1
and L1  2   t
s 
 1
Then L1 e s 2  =  t  1 u  t  1 ----------------(iii)
 s 

Dr.Lakshmi Kanta Raju Page 24

 Laplace Transformation

 1
And L1 e3s 2  =  t  3 u  t  3 ----------------(iv)
 s 
Using (ii),(iii) and (iv) in (i), we get
3 e s e3s 
L1   4 2  4 2   3  4  t  1 u  t  1  4  t  3 u  t  3 (Ans)
s s s 
 se s 2   e s 
1
Qu. Find L  
s2   2 
 
 se s 2   e s  s   s   
1 
s 
1
Soln.: L   = L e 2  2 2 
e  2 2 
s 2
  2
  s     s   
 
  s  s   1   s    
= L1 e 2  2 2 
 L e  2 2 
----------------------------(i)
  s      s   
 s    
But we know that L1  2 2
 cos  t  & L1  2 2
 sin  t 
s   s  
Then by 2nd shifting,
  s  s   1  1  1
L1 e 2  2 2 
= cos   t   .u  t   = sin  t  .u  t   ----------------(ii)
  s     2  2  2
   
and L1 e s  2 2 
= sin   t  1 .u  t  1 =  sin  t  .u  t  1 ---------------(iii)
  s   
Using (ii) & (iii) in (i), we get
  s 2   e s    1 
1  se  1
L  2  = sin  t  .u  t    sin  t  .u  t  1 = u  t    u  t  1 sin  t 
 s    2   2
2
 
(Ans)
15 s
e
Qu. Find the inverse Laplace Transform of ?
 s  3 s  5
1
Ans: Let us take F  s  
 s  3 s  5
1 1 1 
 F s    
2   s  5  s  3 
Taking inverse Laplace transform both sides, we get
 1 1 
L1 F  s   L1 
1
 
2  s  5 s  3
 f  t    e5t  e3t 
1
2

 

  L e .F  s 
1
Then L1 e15 s . 1 15 s


  s  3  s  5  

 f  t  15 .u  t  15 (by 2nd shifting theorem)


2

1 5t 15 3t 15
e e 
.u  t  15 (Ans)

Dr.Lakshmi Kanta Raju Page 25

 Laplace Transformation

ìï e- s (s + 1) ü
ïï
Qu. Find L ïí 2
- 1
ý.
ïï s + 2s + 2 ïï
î þ
s+ 1
Soln.: Let F (s) = 2
s + 2s + 2
ì ü ìï s+ 1 ü ï
s+ 1 ïý = L- 1 ïí ïý  et cos t (by 1st shifting property)
Then f (t ) = L- 1 ïí 2
ïîï s + 2s +
2þ ï
ï ï 2
ïï
îïï (s + 1) + 1þ ï
nd
We know by 2 shifting property,
L- 1 {e- as F (s)}= f (t - a)u (t - a)
Þ L- 1 {e- s F (s)}= f (t - 1)u (t - 1)
ïì s+ 1 ïü - (t - 1)
Þ L- 1 í e- s 2 ý= e cos (t - 1)u (t - 1) (Ans)
ïîï s + 2s + 2 ïþï

Convolution :
Convolution of two functions f  t  and g  t  is written as  f  g  t  or f  t   g  t  and defined
by
 

 f  g  t    f   g  t    d   f t    g   d
0 0

Properties:
(i) f g  g f (Commutative law)
t

Proof: We know that f  g   f t   g  d

0
put t   u  d  du
when   0  u  t &  t  u  0
0
 f  g   f  u  g  t  u  du 
t
t
=  g  t  u  f  u  du
0

=g f (proved)
nd
2 method:
t

We know that f  g   f   g  t    d
0
put t   u  d  du
when   0  u  t &  t  u  0
0
 f  g   f  t  u  g  u  du 
t
t
  g  u  f  t  u  du
0

 g f (proved)
(ii)  f  g   h  f   g  h (associative law)

Dr.Lakshmi Kanta Raju Page 26

 Laplace Transformation

(iii) f   g  h  f  g  f  h (distributive law)

Qu. Find et  et
t
Soln.: e  e   e .et  d
t t

0
t
  et  2 d
0
t
t
 e2  t  1
t
 e e
t
et  e  t
 e e t 2
d  e 
t
  e  2 e 2t
 1 
2
  sinh t (Ans)
0  2  0 2

Convolution theorem for Laplace Transform :

Let f  x  and g  x  be piecewise continuous, bounded and absolutely integrable on the x-axis.
Then
L  f  g  t   L  f  t  L g t   F  s  .G  s 
Or L1 F  s  .G  s   f t   g t 
Qu. Find L  et  et 
 1  1 
t
 t
Soln.: L e  e  L e .L e  
t t
       2
1
 s  1  s  1  s  1
(Ans)

Qu. Evaluate L {1* et } .

 1  1 
Soln:  
L 1 et  L 1.L et      
1
 s  s  1  s  s  1
(Ans)

Qu. L sin t  cos t

1 s s
Soln.: L sin t  cos t  L sin t.L cos t  .  (Ans)
s2  1 s2  1  
2
s2  1
1
Qu. Apply Convolution theorem find the inverse Laplace transforms of .
 s  1 s  9 
2

 1   1 1 
Ans: L1    L1  . 
  s  1 s  9     s  1  s  9  
2 2

 1  1  1 
 L1  L  
  s  1    s  9  
2 --------------------------(i)

 1  t
 L1    e  t.e9t
  s  1 s  9  
2

 t.e9t  et
t
  u.e9u .et u  du
0

Dr.Lakshmi Kanta Raju Page 27

 Laplace Transformation
t

 u.e
t 8u
e du
0

 e8u  t t  e8u  
 e  u.    1.  du 
t

 8  0 0  8  
 
 1 1  e8u  
t
t

 e  t .e  8t
 
 8 8  8  0 
 
 1 
 et   t .e8t   e8t  1
1
 8 64 
1 1 8 
 et   e8t  t .e8t 
 64 64 64 
et
 1  e8t 1  8t  (Ans)
64
 16 
Qu. Find L1   using convolution theorem ?
  s  2   s  2  
2

 16  1 
 1 1 
Ans: L1   = 16 L  . 
  s  2   s  2     s  2   s  2  
2 2

= 16L1 F  s  .G  s 
1 1
where F  s   & G s 
 s  2
2
 s  2

Then f  t   e2t t & g  t   e2t

 
 = 16 e t  e 
16
Then L1  2t 2t

  s  2   s  2  
2

t
2 t  u 
= 16 e2u u.e du
0
t
= 16 u.e2t 4u du
0
t

 u.e
2t 4 u
= 16e du
0

2t  t.e e4t 1 
4 t
= 16e    
 4 16 16 
2t 2t
= 4t.e  e  e 2t
(Ans)
1
Qu. By using convolution theorem find the inverse Laplace Transform of .
s  s  1
2


 1 
 
1  1 1  
Soln.: L1  2 L  2. 
 s  s  1 
   s  s  1 
 

Dr.Lakshmi Kanta Raju Page 28

 Laplace Transformation

= L1 F  s  .G  s 
1 1
where F  s  & G s 
s 2
s 1
1 
 1   t
Then f  t   L1  2   t & g  t   L1  e
s    s  1 
 
 f t   g t 
t
  f  u  g  t  u  du
0
t
  u.e t u  du
0
t
 e  u.eu du
t

 
t
 et  ueu   eu du 
 0
t
 et  ueu  eu 
0

 e  te  et
 t t
   0  1

 1 

 L1  2   t  1  e
t
(Ans)
 s  s  1 
 
 s 
Qu. Using convolution theorem, find L1  2 .
  s  9   3s  1 
 s   s 1 
Soln.: L1  2   L1  2 . 
  s  9   3s  1    s  9   3s  1 
s 1
 L1  F  s  .G  s  where F  s   & G s 
s 9 2
3s  1
1 31
then f  t   cos 3t & g  t   e
3
 f t   g t 
t
  f  u  g  t  u  du
0
t 1
1  u t 

30 cos 3u.e 3
du

1 3t
t u
 e  cos 3u.e 3 du
3 0
t
 u 
t 
1 e 3
1 
 e3   cos 3u  3sin 3u 
3  1  9 3 
  9 
 
0

Dr.Lakshmi Kanta Raju Page 29

 Laplace Transformation

1 3t  3t 
 e e  cos 3t  9sin 3t   1
82  
 s  1 1 t
 L1  2    cos 3t  9sin 3t   e 3 (Ans)
  s  9   3s  1  82 82

 
 s 
Qu. Find L1  2
using Convolution theorem ?
    
2 2
s a
 
1  s  1  s 1 
Soln.: L    L  . 2 
  s  a     s  a   s  a  
2 2 2 2
2 2

 s  1  1 
 L1  2 2
L  2 2
s  a  s  a 
1
 cos  at   sin  at 
a

1
  cos  a  sin a  t    d
a0

1
sin  at   sin a  2  t  d
2a 0 


t
1  1 
 sin  at   cos a  2  t 
2a  2a 0
1  1 1 
  t sin  at   cos at  cos at 
2a  2a 2a 
 
 s  1
 L1  2
 t sin  at   (Ans)
 s  a  

2 2 2 a

5
Qu. Apply Convolution theorem find the inverse Laplace transforms of .
 
s  1 s 2  25
2

 5   1 5 
Soln.: L  2 =L  2 
1 1
. 2
 
 s  1 s 2  25   
 s  1 s  25   
1 5
= L1  F  s  .G  s  where F  s   & G  s  
 s2 1 
s 2  25 
then f  t   sin t & g  t   sin 5t
= f t   g t 
t
=  f  u  g  t  u  du
0
t
  sin u.sin 5  t  u  du
0

Dr.Lakshmi Kanta Raju Page 30

 Laplace Transformation
t
1
  2sin u.sin 5  t  u  du
20
t
1
  cos  u  5t  5u   cos  u  5t  5u   du
20
t
1
cos  6u  5t   cos  5t  4u  du
2 0 


1  sin  6u  5t  sin  5t  4u  
t

   
2 6 4 0
1 1 
 
2 6
sin t  sin  5t   sin t  sin 5t
1
4 
1 1 1 
  sin t  sin 5 t  sin t  sin 5t
2 6 4 
5 1
 sin t  sin 5t (Ans)
24 24
 s 
Qu. Find L1  4 2 
 s  s  1
Soln.: We have s 4  s 2  1   s 2  1  s 2   s 2  s  1 s 2  s  1
2

s s As  B Cs  D
Let = 2  2  2 -------------------------------(i)
 
s  s 1 s  s 1 s  s 1 s  s 1 s  s 1
4 2 2

Multiplying both sides by s  s  1 , we get
4 2

s   As  B   s 2  s  1   Cs  D   s 2  s  1
Equating coefficients of constant terms , we get BD 0
Equating coefficients of s , we get A B C  D 1
2
Equating coefficients of s , we get A  B  C  D  0
3
Equating coefficients of s , we get AC  0
Solving the above equations for A, B,C & D we get
1 1
A  0, B   , C  0, D 
2 2
s 1 1 1 
Hence eqn.(i) becomes 4 2 =  2  2
s  s  1 2  s  s  1 s  s  1 
 
 
1 1 1 
=  2
 2 
2  1  3  1  3 
2 2

  s  2    2   s  2    2  
     
    
    
 s  1   1   1 
Hence L1  4 2  =  L1    L1  
 s  s  1 2   
2 2
1  3   1   3  
2 2

  s  2    2     s  2    2  
           

Dr.Lakshmi Kanta Raju Page 31

 Laplace Transformation

1  2 2t  3 2  2t  3 
=  e sin   t  e sin   t 
2  3  2  3  2  
 t  
t
2  3   e2  e 2  2  3 t
= sin   t   sin  
 t .sinh   (Ans)
 2
3  2   2  3  2 
 
 s2 
1
Qu. Find L  4 4 
 s  4a 
 s 2  1  s2 
Soln.: L1  4 4 
= L  4 2 2 
 s  4a   s  4 a  4 a s  4a s 
4 2 2

 
s2
= L1  
  s 2  2a 2 2   2as 2 
 
 s2 
= L1  2 
  s  2a 2  2as  s 2  2a 2  2as  
 
s 2
As  B Cs  D
We have 2 = 2  2
 s  2a  2as  s  2a  2as   s  2a  2as   s  2a2  2as 
2 2 2 2

  As  B   s 2  2a 2  2as    Cs  D   s 2  2a 2  2as   s 2 --------------------------(1)

Comparing the coefficients of like terms on both sides, we get
A  C  0  C  A -----------------------------------------(2)
B  2aA  2aC  D  1 -----------------------------------------(3)
2a A  2aB  2a C  2aD  0
2 2
-----------------------------------------(4)
2a  B  D   0   B  D   0  B   D
2
-----------------------------------------(5)
From eqn.(4), we get 2a 2 A  2aB  2a 2   A  2a   B   0
 4aB  0
B0
Then by eqn.(5), D  0
From eqn.(3), we have 0  2aA  2a   A  0  1
1
 4aA  1  A 
4a
1
Then by eqn.(2), C 
4a
 1   1 
2   s  s
Therefore 2
s
= 2  4a 
 2  2
4a
 s  2a  2as  s  2a  2as   s  2a  2as   s  2a  2as 
2 2 2 2

1  s s 
 2   2 
4a  s  2a  2as s  2a  2as 
2 2

1 
 s s 

   
 s  a  a  s  a  a 
2 2 2 2
4a  
Taking inverse Laplace transform both sides, we get

Dr.Lakshmi Kanta Raju Page 32

 Laplace Transformation

  1  
 1 1  
s2 1  s  s 
L1  2   L    L  
  s  2a  2as  s  2a  2as    s  a  a   s  a  a 
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
4a   4a  
1  1 
 sa 
 1  a 

 L    L  
       
2 2
4a   2 2

  s a a 
 
 s a a 
1    sa 
 1  a 

  L1    L  
        
2 2
4a   s a a 2

  s a a 2



1 at 1  at
 e .cos at  eat .sin at   e .cos at  e at .sin at 
4a 4a
1 at
 e .cos at  eat .sin at  e at .cos at  e at .sin at 
4a
 eat  e at  .cos at   eat  e at  .sin at 
1

4a  
1  eat  e at   eat  e at  
   .cos at    .sin at 
2a  2   2  
 s2  1
1
L  4 4 
 sinh at.cos at  cosh at.sin at  (Ans)
 s  4a  2a

To Solve Differential Equation by using Laplace Transform.

Qu. Solve using Laplace transform y  6 y  8 y  e3t  e5t where y(0)  0 & y (0)  0 .
Soln: Given differential eqn. is y  6 y  8 y  e3t  e5t
Applying Laplace transform bothsides ,we get

L  y  6 y  8 y  L e3t  e5t 

 s 2Y  sy  0   y  0   6  sY  y  0    8Y 
1 1

s3 s5
1 1
 s 2Y  6sY  8Y  
s3 s5
 
 s 2  6s  8 Y  s  
1

s3 s5
1

2
  s  4  s  2  Y  s  
 s  3 s  5
2
 Y s 
 s  3 s  5 s  4  s  2 
Taking inverse Laplace transform bothsides, we get

 

L1 Y  s   L1 
2
 -------------------(i)
  s  3 s  5 s  4  s  2  
 
2 A B C D
Let us take    
 s  3 s  5 s  4  s  2  s  3 s  5 s  4 s  2
 2  A  s  5 s  4  s  2   B  s  3 s  4  s  2   C  s  3 s  5 s  2 

Dr.Lakshmi Kanta Raju Page 33

 Laplace Transformation

 D  s  3 s  5 s  4  ------------------(ii)

1
By taking s  2 in (ii),we get D 
3
By taking s  3 in (ii), we get A  1
By taking s  4 in (ii), we get C  1
1
By taking s  5 in (ii),we get B  
3
Hence using the values of A,B,C and D , we get
2 A B C D
   
 s  3 s  5 s  4  s  2  s  3 s  5 s  4 s  2
 1 1 
    
 2   1 1
 L1  L 
1
 3   3 
  s  3 s  5  s  4  s  2   s  3 s  5 s  4 s  2
 

 2 
 1  1  1 1  1  1  1  1 1  1 
 L1    L   L   L   L  
  s  3 s  5 s  4  s  2  
   s  3 3  s  5 s  4 3 s  2

 2 
 1 5t 1 2t
 L1  3t 4 t
  e  e  e  e
  s  3 s  5 s  4  s  2  
  3 3

 L1 Y  s   e3t  e5t  e4t  e2t

1 1
3 3
1 2t 3t 1
 y  t   e  e  e4t  e5t
3 3

1 3t
 y  t   e  3e2t  3et  1 e5t
3

1
 
 y  t   et  1 e5t
3
(Ans)
3
Qu. Using Laplace transform, solve the differential equation
y  2 y  8 y  5sin 3t when y  0   1, y  0   2
Ans: Given differential equation is
y  2 y  8 y  5sin 3t when y  0   1, y  0   2
Taking Laplace transform on both sides, we have
L  y  2 y  8 y  L 5sin 3t
 3 
 
 s 2Y  s   sy(0)  y(0)  2 sY  s   y(0)  8Y  s   5  2 
 s 9
 s 2Y  s   s  2  2 sY  s   1  8Y  s   2
15
s 9
  s 2  2s  8  Y  s   s  4  2
15
s 9
15
  s  4  s  2  Y  s   2   s  4
s 9
15 1
 Y s  2  ---------------(1)
 
s  9  s  4  s  2   s  2 

Dr.Lakshmi Kanta Raju Page 34

 Laplace Transformation

15 As  B C D
Take  2  
 
s  9  s  4  s  2  s  9 s  4 s  2
2

 15   As  B  s  4  s  2   C  s 2  9   s  2   D  s 2  9   s  4  ---------------(2)
By taking s  4 in eqn.(2), we have
15  C 16  9 4  2
1
 150 C  15  C  ---------------(3)
10
By taking s  2 in eqn.(2), we have
15  D  4  9  2  4 
15 5
 78D  15  D    --------------(4)
78 26
Equating coefficients of s 3 from both sides of eqn.(2), we get
AC  D  0 ---------------(5)
Equating constant terms from both sides of eqn.(2), we get
8B  18C  36D  15 ---------------(6)
Using the values of C and D from eqn.s (3)&(4)in eqn.(5), we get
1 5 5 1 6
A  0  A   ---------------(7)
10 26 26 10 65
Using the values of C and D from eqn.s (3)&(4)in eqn.(6), we get
1  5 
8B  18    36    15
 10   26 
18 90 816 102
 8B  15    B ---------------(8)
10 13 130 130
By using the values of A, B, C and D in eqn.(1), we have
6 102  1    5 
s    
 65 2 130     
15 1 10 26  1
Y s  2  
 
s  9  s  4  s  2   s  2  s 9 s4 s2 s2
6  s  102  1  1  1  21  1 
 Y s         
65  s 2  9  130  s 2  9  10  s  4  26  s  2 
Taking inverse Laplace transform bothsides, we get
6 1  s  102 1  1  1 1  1  21 1  1 
L1 Y  s   L   L  2  L   L  
65  s 2  9  130  s  9  10  s  4  26 s  2
6 102 1 1 21
y  t   cos3t  . sin 3t  e4t  e2t
65 130 3 10 26
6 17 1 21
 y  t   cos3t  sin 3t  e4t  e2t (Ans)
65 65 10 26
Qu. Solve y  3 y  2 y  t when y  0   0, y  0   1 using Laplace transform.
Soln.: Given differential eqn. is y  3 y  2 y  t where y  0   0, y  0   1 .
Applying Laplace transform bothsides ,we get
L  y  3 y  2 y  L t

 s 2Y  sy  0   y  0   3  sY  y  0    2Y 
1
s2

Dr.Lakshmi Kanta Raju Page 35

 Laplace Transformation

 
 s 2  3s  2 Y  s.0  1  3.0 
1
s2

 s 2  3s  2 Y  1
s2
1
1
  s  1 s  2  Y  s   2  1
s
1 1
 Y s  2 
s  s  1 s  2   s  1 s  2 
Taking inverse Laplace transform bothsides, we get

 
 1   

L1 Y  s   L1  2
1 1
 L   --------------------------------(i)

 s  s  1 s  2  
 
  s  1 s  2  


 1 
 1  1 1  1  1  1  1 
Now L1  L   L   L  
  s  1 s  2  
   s 1 s  2   s  1 s  2
 et  e2t ------------------------------(ii)

 

t v

     e  e  du dv
1
L1  2 u 2 u

 s  s  1 s  2  
  00
v
 
t
1
   eu  e2u  dv
0 0
2
   1 
t
1
   e v  e2v    1    dv
0   
2 2 
 1
t
1
   e v  e2v   dv
0
2 2
t
 1 1 
  e v  e2v  v 
 4 2 0
 1 t  1 
  et  e2t    1   0 
 4 2  4 
1 t 3
 et  e2t   ---------------------------------(iii)
4 2 4
Using (ii) and (iii) in (i), we get
 t 3
L1 Y  s    et  e2t     et  e2t

1
4 2 4
 
5 t 3
 y  t   2et  e2t   (Ans)
4 2 4
Qu. Use Laplace transform to solve following differential equation:
y  4 y  4 y  6e2t with y(0)  2 and y(0)  8 .
Soln: Given differential eqn. is y  4 y  4 y  6e2t
Applying Laplace transform both sides, we get
 
L  y  4 y  4 y  6L e2t

 s 2Y  sy  0   y  0   4  sY  y  0    4Y 
6
s2

Dr.Lakshmi Kanta Raju Page 36

 Laplace Transformation

6
 s 2Y  2s  8  4  sY  2   4Y 
s2
 
 s 2  4s  4 Y  2s 
6
s2
6
  s  2 Y 
2
 2s
s2
6 2s
Y  
 s  2  s  2
3 2

6 2  s  2  4
Y  
 s  2  s  2
3 2

6 2 4
Y   
 s  2
3
 s  2   s  2 2
Taking inverse Laplace transform bothsides ,we get

 6   1  2  1  4 
L1 Y  s   L1  3
L   L  2
-------------------------(1)
  s  2 
    s  2 
    s  2 
 
1  1  2t
Taking F  s   then f  t   L1  e -------------------------(2)
s2 s  2
1
 Fs 
 s  2
2

1.  2 2
 F   s   
 s  2  s  2
3 3


 2  
Then L1 F   s   L1  3
  s  2 
 

 1  
  1 t 2 f  t   2 L1 
2
3
  s  2 
 

 1  
 3t 2 f  t   6 L1  3
  s  2 
 

 1  
 3t 2e2t  6 L1  3
-------------------------(3)
  s  2 
 

 1  
Again L1 F   s   L1  2
  s  2 
 

 1  
 tf  t    L1  2
  s  2 
 

 1  
 tf  t   L1  2
  s  2 
 

Dr.Lakshmi Kanta Raju Page 37

 Laplace Transformation


 1  
 4tf  t   4 L1  2
  s  2 
 

 1  
 4te2t  4 L1  2
-------------------------(4)
  s  2 
 
Using eqn.(2),eqn.(3) and eqn.(4) in eqn.(1), we have
L1 Y  s   3t 2e2t  2e2t  4te2t
 y  t   3t 2e2t  2e2t  4te2t (Ans)
Qu. Solve the differential equation by using Laplace transform.
y  4 y  sin 2t , y(0)  0 and y(0)  1 .
Ans: Given differential eqn. is y  4 y  sin 2t
Applying Laplace transform bothsides ,we get
L  y  4 y  L sin 2t
2
 s 2Y  sy  0   y  0   4Y 
s 4
2

 
 s 2  4 Y  s.0  1 
2
s 4
2


 s2  4 Y  2
s 4
1 2

2 1
Y   2
 s 4 
2
s2  4
Taking inverse Laplace transform bothsides ,we get
 
 2  1  1 
L Y   L 
1 1
2
L  2 
 s  4 
2
 s  4 
 2 1  1  1 
 L1 Y   L1  2 . 2  L  2 
s  4 s  4 s  4
 2  1  1  1  1 
 L1 Y   L1  2  L  2  L  2 
s  4 s  4 s  4
1 1
 y  t   sin 2t  sin 2t  sin 2t
2 2
t
1 1
 y  t    sin 2 . sin 2  t    d  sin 2t
0
2 2
t
1 1
 y t    sin 2 .sin  2t  2  d  sin 2t
20 2
t
 y  t   .  cos  2   2t  2    cos  2   2t  2   d  sin 2t
1 1 1
2 20 2
t
1 1
 y t    cos  4  2t   cos  2t   d  sin 2t
40 2

Dr.Lakshmi Kanta Raju Page 38

 Laplace Transformation
t
1 1  1
 y  t   .  sin  4  2t    cos  2t   sin 2t
4 4 0 2
1 1 1  1
 y t    sin  2t   t cos  2t   sin  2t   sin 2t
4 4 4  2
1 1 1
 y  t   sin 2t  t cos 2t  sin 2t
8 4 2
5 1
 y  t   sin 2t  t cos 2t (Ans)
8 4

Dr.Lakshmi Kanta Raju Page 39