AXIS COLLEGE

Tilottama-3 Janakinagar
Rupandehi, Nepal

A
GUIDELINES
ON
PROJECT REPORT WRITING

PREPARED BY:
Bishnu Gaire

(Academic Coordinator)

APPROVED BY:
Evaraj Upadhya,
Principal
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................ 2

2. OBJECTIVE ....................................................................................................................... 2

3. PROCEDURE .................................................................................................................... 2

4. GENERAL GUIDELINES ................................................................................................. 3

5. REPORT FORMATS ......................................................................................................... 4

6. REPORT CONTENT WRITING TIPS .............................................................................. 5

7. EVALUATION SCHEMES ............................................................................................... 9

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1. BACKGROUND
Minor and Major projects are courses offered for a four-year bachelor's degree.
Students must organize into groups, plan, and execute tasks under the guidance of a
supervisor. Both an oral presentation and written reports must be prepared by the
group. Every group member will receive an individual evaluation.

The methods and rules outlined on the following pages are intended to guide
undergraduate students who are preparing reports. These materials are not intended to
be a comprehensive guide to report writing. This document gives general principles for
students and project supervisors to follow while preparing proposal, midterm and final
documents for BBA/BBA-BI/BHM students' project work in the prescribed
format/template.

2. OBJECTIVE
This document's main goal is to give BBA/BBA-BI/BHM students and their
supervisors’ general instructions and specifications for creating a complete project
proposal, midterm report and final report in MS Word format.

3. PROCEDURE

 Formation: Student should consist, it's my compulsory work, learning plate

form and committed for report preparation.
 Proposal Defense: The student should conduct a number of literature reviews
before deciding on a theme for the Project. The student must submit a proposal
to the project coordinator within the timeframe specified by the department, as
well as give an oral defense.
 Mid-Term Defense: Within the timeframe specified by the Department, the
student should prepare a written progress report in accordance with the
guidelines. Student should provide an oral presentation to the supervisor and
faculty members.
 The pre-final defense: The student should prepare a final written report
in accordance with the Department's guidelines and timeframe. To the
supervisor and internal faculty members, the student should give an oral
presentation, viva,and project demonstration.

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  The final defense: The student should incorporate the comments got during the
pre-final defense and prepare a final report in accordance with the Department's
guidelines and timeframe. To the external examiner and supervisor, the
student should give an oral presentation, viva, and project demonstration.

4. GENERAL GUIDELINES
Student’s report should meet following formats:

 Language: British English

 Tense: Present Perfect
 Font Name: Times New Roman
 Font Size: 12 pt (for normal text)
 Left Margin: 1.5 inch
 Right Margin: 1 inch
 Top Margin: 1 inch
 Bottom Margin: 1 inch
 Header and Footer: 0.5 inch
 Line Spacing: 1.5
 All the text should be justified.
 Before Paragraph: 6 Pt
 Heading should be in following standard
o Heading1 (14pt, Bold)
 Heading2 (12 pt, Bold)
 Heading3 (12 pt, Bold)

Report printing Procedure: The Final Report (after final defense) must be hard
bound with a plastic cover page. The Final Report should be printed in two copies for
college and additional copies as per the student. The reports-proposal, midterm, and
final (before final defense)-should be printed in one copy and tape bound.

Note: After the final defense, the student should get the supervisor's signature, visit the
external examiner to get his/her signature, and finally get the Principal signature. A
copy should also be submitted to the library.

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 5. REPORT FORMATS
COVER PAGE AND TITLE PAGE

PAGE OF APPROVAL .............................................................................................. ii

COPYRIGHT. ............................................................................................................. iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................ iv
ABSTRACT. ................................................................................................................ v
TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................ vi

LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................... vii

LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................... viii

LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS ....................................................... ix

1. INTRODUCTION Page Start From 1

Background

Problem Statement

Objectives

Scopes

2. LITERATURE REVIEW

3. REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS

Feasibility Study, Software Requirement Specification

3. METHODOLOGY

Development Model 2. Block Diagram, 3 other sub-heading (ifany)

4. SYSTEM DESIGN

5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

6. CONCLUSION

7. LIMITATIONS AND FUTURE WORK

REFERENCES

APPENDICES

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6. REPORT CONTENT WRITING TIPS
Abstract: This is the most important part of the report because it is the reviewer’s first
impression. Even though it appears at first, write it at last because it is the summary of
the report. Abstract is a concise description of project covering background, objectives,
methodology and findings

An abstract should be less than 300 words and fit in one paragraph. After abstract there
should be 3-5 ‘Keywords’ (the words representing your project).

Background: Background of the project will be stated here. Elaborate on why you are
doing this project. Students can present the current practices going on in their field of
study with having reference form various websites and papers.

Problem Statement: In the problem statement of your project, you need to clearly and
concisely express the specific issue or challenge that your project addresses. Elaborate
on what are the problems in existing system.

Objectives: Objectives should be clear and concise. Objectives can be main and
specific. The main objective is only one and it is related to the project title. Similarly,
the specific objectives can be two or more than two and it shows that how you going to
achieve the main objective.

For example

Project Title: Sentiment Analysis for Social Media Posts

Main Objective:

 To develop a system capable of automatically analyzing the sentiment

expressed
 in social media posts, distinguishing between positive, negative, and neutral
sentiments.

Specific Objectives:

 To integrate the system with the Twitter to collect a diverse set of social media
posts

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  To design a web-based dashboard that displays real-time sentiment analysis
results
 To evaluate the accuracy and performance of the sentiment analysis system

Scope: Students should mention the category of their proposed project such as
Web/Desktop based, Application or System Development, Research based, Industry
Automation, Network or System Administration etc. After that outline its key
applications.

Literature Review: In this section you should describe literature that you studied
before making final decision about doing this project work. You should be able to list
similar work that have already been done and the outcome of those works. References
should be given while citing the algorithms, principles, theories, works, results
outcome etc.
 Students should review the latest research papers within of 5 years
 Students are encouraged to prefer Google Scholar site for the research papers
 Proper citation must be done in referencing style.
 Students should also include about the existing tools, applications and
algorithm and unique features of the system.

Feasibility Study (Technical, Economical, and Operational): While doing the

project various unexpected problems may arise. So you should be able to predict them.
Feasibility study is about the evaluation of sustainability of your project from the
different prospect of cost, technology and equipment, academic knowledge and time.

Methodology: How will you be doing it? It is the critical part of the report and is the
longest part and worth the most points. It is a plan of action for how the objectives will
be achieved. This section usually starts with a description of the overall approach, its
relevance, effectiveness and innovativeness. Then it gives details on methodology, the
population being addressed and how anticipated problems will be managed.

 Students should include the clear image of development model being used in
the project with description of each component.
 Students should draw and include block diagram consisting of inputs,
processing unit and output units as per the requirement and type of the project.

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Results and Discussion
Results are the finding or outcomes of your project. They should be related to the
objectives that you have setup before. Students should consider following points
while writing the results:
 Use tables, charts, graphs, or any appropriate visualizations to enhance clarity.
 User Interface Representation (of Respective Project) with Brief Description
of Various Modules of the system
 Clearly state the evaluation metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall etc.
 Comparative analysis if any
 Snapshots of the prototype with description.

While writing discussion, students should consider following points:

 Interpretation of the results in the context of the project's objectives
 Comparison of your results with similar studies in the literatures

Conclusion

While writing conclusion, students should consider following points:

 Provide a concise recap of the main results and achievements of your project.
 Highlight the most significant outcomes.

referencing style-Examples

University paper with two authors

[1] R. Gowarishankar and M. F. Demirkol, “Adaptive M-QAM Modulation for MIMO

Systems”, IEEE 2005, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, USA, 2005

Proceeding of Conference

[2] A. Svensson, “An Introduction to Adaptive QAM Modulation Schemes for Known
and Predicted Channels”, Proceedings of the IEEE | Vol. 95, No. 12, December 2007

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Book

[3] T. S. Rappaport, “Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice” Second

Edition, Prentice Hall, 2003

Website or Document from any electronic source

[4] Quantil, "Data Transmission – Parallel vs Serial," 2017. [Online]. Available:

https://www.quantil.com/content-delivery-insights/content-acceleration/data-
transmission/.

Project work & documentation ethics

 Students are encouraged to conduct unique and innovative projects.

Optimization is necessary when carrying out previously completed or
completed tasks.
 Since our department is committed to prevent plagiarism (Copying). Copying
the text- paragraph directly is unacceptable where paraphrasing with sufficient
citationsis acceptable.
 If needed department will go through the online plagiarism checker before final
submission.
 If the diagrams are directly extracted from the others' publications, the statement
citation must be done at the caption of the concerned Figure.

Key role of a project supervisors

 Project Workflow: Providing insights to streamline project processes.

 Report Preparation: Guiding students in adhering to department format

 Presentation Guidelines: Advising on creating impactful presentation slides

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7. EVALUATION SCHEMES
Evaluation scheme for Internal Assessment

Major Project Assessment:100 for each

Marks
Proposal (out of 100)
Report 50
Procedure of reporting writing 20
Viva 30
Total Major -100

Evaluation Criteria:

 50 % marks will be evaluated by the concerned supervisors. Project reports will

be assessed by evaluating the major parts such as Introduction, Literature
Review, Methodology and Outcomes.
 20% marks will be evaluated for Procedure of reporting writing will be
assessed by evaluating contents, dress code, and understanding about the
conducted project report.
 30% marks will be evaluated for Viva session’s evaluation will be carried out by
assessing the intended output.

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 AXIS COLLEGE
Tilottama-3 Janakinagar
Rupandehi, Nepal

The undersigned certify that they have read, and recommended to this department for
acceptance, a project report entitled "Title of the Project" submitted by Name of
Student(s) in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Bachelor’s degree in
BBA/BBA-BI.

Supervisor, name of Supervisor

Title
Name of the Department

Coordinator, Name of Coordinator

Title
Name of the coordinating committee

Princopal,

Title
Name of the college

DATE OF APPROVAL: Day.Month.Year

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 Departmental Acceptance Letter
(to be printed on letter head of college)

DEPARTMENTAL ACCEPTANCE

The project entitled “Project Title”, submitted by Name of Student(s) in partial

fulfilment of the requirements for the Bachelor’s degree in BBA/BBA-BI has been
accepted as a bonafide record of workcarried out by them in this department.

Name of department head

Title

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