Machine Design & CAD-I

MEEN-3229
Course Instructor:
Engr. Adnan Rasheed
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

KHWAJA FAREED UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & INFORMATION

TECHNOLOGY RAHIM YAR KHAN
 09 AUTOCAD 3D BASICS
LECTURE 11:

After completing this Chapter, you will be able to use the following
features (cont’d on the next slide) :
AutoCAD Workspace

Working with 3D

Working with Coordinate System

View in 3D

Creating 3D Objects

Creating Solid Shapes

Engr. Adnan Rasheed

 AutoCAD Workspace:
Workspaces are sets of menus, toolbars, palettes, and ribbon control panels that are
grouped and organized so that you can work in a custom, task-oriented drawing
environment.

 When you use a workspace, only the menus, toolbars, and palettes that are
relevant to a task are displayed.
 In addition, a workspace may automatically display the ribbon, a special palette
with task-specific control panels.
 You can easily switch between workspaces.
 AutoCAD Workspace:
The following task-based workspaces are already defined in the product:
2D Drafting & Annotation
3D Basics
3D Modeling

When you make changes to your drawing display (such as moving,

hiding, or displaying a toolbar or a tool palette group) and you want to
preserve the display settings for future use, you can save the current
settings to a workspace.
You can switch to another workspace whenever you need to work on a
different task from the Workspace Switching button on the status bar at
the bottom-right of the application window.
What is 3D?
In three-dimensional drawings you work with the Z axis, in addition to the X and Y
axes.

Plan views, sections, and elevations represent only two dimensions.

Isometric, perspective, and axonometric drawings, on the other hand, represent all
three dimensions.

By default, AutoCAD stores the Z value as your current elevation with a thickness of
zero.
Coordinate Systems
AutoCAD provides two types of coordinate systems:

World Coordinate System (WCS) is fixed and cannot be changed. In this

system (when viewing the origin from 0,0,1), the X axis starts at the point
0,0,0, and values increase as the point moves to the operator’s right; the Y
axis starts at 0,0,0, and values increase as the point moves to the top of the
screen; and finally, the Z axis starts at the 0,0,0 point, and values get larger
as it comes toward the user.

User Coordinate System (UCS) allows you to change the location and
orientation of the X, Y, and Z axes. The UCS command lets you redefine
the origin of your drawing and establish the positive X and the positive Y
axes.
Setting the Display of the UCS icSon
The UCS icon provides a visual reminder of how the UCS axes are
oriented, where the current UCS origin is, and the viewing direction relative
to the UCS XY plane.
AutoCAD provides two methods of displaying icons: 2D UCS style and 3D
UCS style, and displays different coordinate system icons in paper space
and in model space.

UCS icons for Model Space UCS icon for UCS icon with
Paper Space Grips
Setting the Display of the UCS icSon

The display and placement on the origin of the UCS icon is handled by
the UCSICON command.

View menu Choose Display > UCS Icon

On-screen prompt ucsicon (ENTER)

ON/OFF selection sets the icon to ON if it is OFF or OFF if it is ON in

the current viewport respectively.
Noorigin selection (default setting) display the icon at the lower left
corner of the viewport, regardless of the location of the UCS origin.
Setting the Display of the UCS icSon

Origin selection forces the icon to be displayed at the origin of the

current coordinate system.
All selection determines whether the options that follow affect all of the
viewports or just the current active viewport. This option is selected
before each and every option if you want to affect all viewports.
Properties selection displays the UCS Icon dialog box in
which you can control the style, visibility, and location of the UCS icon.
Defining a New UCS
The UCS command lets you redefine the origin by any of the following five
methods:
Specify a data point for an origin, specify a new XY plane by
providing three data points, or provide a direction for the Z axis.
Define an origin relative to the orientation of an existing object.
Define an origin by selecting a face.
Define an origin by aligning with the current viewing direction.
Define an origin by rotating the current UCS around one of its axes.
New selection defines a new coordinate system by one of the
available methods.
Move selection redefines a UCS by shifting the origin or changing
the Z-depth of the current UCS, leaving the orientation of its XY
plane unchanged.
Orthographic selection specifies one of the six orthographic UCSs
Previous selection restores the previous UCS.
Restore selection restores a saved UCS
Save selection saves the current UCS to a specified name.
Del selection removes the specified UCS from the list
Apply selection applies the current UCS setting to a specified
viewport or all active viewports.
? selection lists names of user coordinate systems
World selection sets the current user coordinate system to the world
coordinate system.
 Viewing in 3D
You can view a drawing from any point in model space.
The direction from which you view your drawing or model is called the
viewpoint.
From your selected viewpoint, you can add objects, modify existing objects, or
suppress the hidden lines from the drawing.
Available tools include:
 Viewing a Model by VPOINT command
 ViewCube
Viewing a Model by VPOINT command

VPOINT command sets the viewing direction for a three-dimensional

visualization of the drawing.
The default viewpoint is 0,0,1; that is, you are looking at the model
from 0,0,1 (on the positive Z axis above the model) to 0,0,0 (the origin).

On-screen prompt -vpoint(ENTER)

ViewCube tool

The VeiwCube Tool is used to control viewing of a model from

various points in model space.
The ViewCube tool is a 3D navigation tool that is displayed
when you are working in a 3D visual style. With the ViewCube
tool, you can switch between standard and isometric views.
3D Object Visualization
The following predefined visual styles are supplied with the product:

2D Wireframe. Displays objects using lines and curves to represent the boundaries.
Conceptual. Displays objects using smooth shading and the Gooch face style.
Hidden. Displays objects using wireframe representation and hides lines representing
back faces.
Realistic. Displays objects using smooth shading and materials.
Shaded. Displays objects using smooth shading.
Shaded with Edges. Displays objects using smooth shading and visible edges.
Shades of Gray. Displays objects using smooth shading and monochromatic shades of
gray.
Sketchy. Displays objects with a hand-sketched effect by using the Line Extensions
and Jitter edge modifiers.
Wireframe. Displays objects using lines and curves to represent the boundaries.
X-ray. Displays objects with partial transparency.
3D Object Visualization

Even though view your drawing in “2D Wireframe” is a common

practice and may improve your computer’s performance, you may
require solid and conceptual model view to get a better
understanding of the shape you are creating.
Creating 3D Objects

AutoCAD supports three types of 3D modeling:

Wireframe model consists of only points, lines, and curves that describe
the edges of the object.
Surface model defines not only the edges of a 3D object but also its
surfaces.
Solid model is the unambiguous and informationally complete
representation of the shape of a physical object.
A box drawn by Wireframe, Surface and Solid methods
Creating a Region Object
REGION command converts an object that encloses an area into a region object.

Regions are two-dimensional areas created from closed shapes or loops. Closed
polylines, lines, and curves are valid selections. Curves include circular arcs,
circles, elliptical arcs, ellipses, and splines. The boundary of the region consists
of end-connected curves where each point shares only two edges.
Region object can be extruded it with the EXTRUDE command to make a 3D
solid. You can create a composite region with the UNION, SUBTRACTION,
and INTERSECTION commands.
Creating Solid Shapes

Solids are the most informationally complete and least ambiguous

of the modeling types.
Solids are created from one of the basic solid shapes.
The user-defined solids can be created by extruding or revolving
2D objects and regions to define a 3D solid.
In addition, you can create more complex solid shapes by
combining solids together by performing a Boolean operation—
union, subtraction, or intersection.
Creating a Solid Box
BOX command creates a solid box or cube. The base of the box is
defined parallel to the current UCS by default. The solid box can be
drawn by one of two options: by providing a center point or a starting
corner of the box.
Cube selection allows you to create a box in which all edges
are of equal length.
Length selection lets you create a box by defining its length,
width, and height.
Center selection allows you to create a box by locating its
center point. Once you locate the center point, a line rubber
bands from this point to help you visualize the size of the
rectangle.
Creating a Solid Cylinder
CYLINDER command creates a cylinder of equal diameter on each
end, similar to an extruded circle or an ellipse.
You can create a solid cylinder by means of one of two options: by
providing a center point for a circular base, or by selecting the
elliptical option to draw the base of the cylinder as an elliptical
shape.
Creating a Solid Cone

CONE command creates a cone, either round or elliptical.

By default, the base of the cone is parallel to the current UCS.
Solid cones are symmetrical and come to a point along the Z
axis.
The solid cone can be drawn two ways: by providing a center point
for a circular base or by selecting the elliptical option to draw the
base of the cone as an elliptical shape.
Creating a Solid Sphere

SPHERE command creates a 3D body in which all surface points

are equidistant from the center.
The sphere is drawn in such a way that its central axis is
coincident with the Z axis of the current UCS.
Creating Solids from existing 2D objects
EXTRUDE command creates a unique solid by extruding circles, closed
polylines, polygons, ellipses, closed splines, donuts, and regions. Because
a polyline can have virtually any shape, the EXTRUDE command allows
you to create irregular shapes. In addition, AutoCAD allows you to taper
the sides of the extrusion.
Creating Solids from existing 2D objects

Path selection allows you to select the extrusion path based on a

specified curve object.
Creating Composite Solids
AutoCAD allows to create a new composite solid or region by
combining two or more solids or regions via boolean
operations.
You can select both the solids and regions in a single use of
the commands, but solids are combined with solids, and
regions combined only with regions. Also, in the case of
regions you can make composite regions only with those that
lie in the same plane.

Union
Subtraction
Intersection
Union operation

Union is the process of creating a new composite object from one or

more original objects. The union operation joins the original solids or
regions in such a way that there is no duplication of volume.
Therefore, the total resulting volume can be equal to or less than the
sum of the volumes in the original solids or regions.
The UNION command performs the union operation.
You can select more than two objects at once. The objects (solids or
regions) can be overlapping, adjacent, or nonadjacent.
Subtraction operation

Subtraction is the process of forming a new composite object by

starting with one object and removing from it any volume that it has
in common with a second object. In the case of solids, they are
created by subtracting the volume of one set of solids from another
set.
The SUBTRACTION command performs the subtraction operation.
You can select one or more objects as source objects. If you select
more than one, they are automatically unioned.
Intersection operation

Intersection is the process of forming a composite object from only the

volume that is common to two or more original objects. In the case of
solids, you can create a new composite solid by calculating the
common volume of two or more existing solids.
The INTERSECTION command performs the intersection operation.
An example for intersection operation
Creating 3D Objects
Setting Elevation and Thickness

ELEVATION command sets elevation and extrusion thickness of new objects.

The current elevation is the Z value that AutoCAD uses whenever it expects a
3D point but receives only X and Y values.
AutoCAD maintains separate current elevations in model space and paper space.
On-screen prompt Elev (ENTER)

Type TH at the command prompt.

Command: THICKNESS
Enter new value for THICKNESS <0.0000>:
On-screen prompt Th (ENTER)
3D Practice Drawing-01