CALCULATION SHEET

THEi - Ir Timothy Chan

Office Geotechnical and Foundation Engineering Job No SCE5331 Page No
Rev No
Job Title Tutorial 3 Originator Timothy Chan Revised by
Date 2021-09-09 Date
Section Answer Checker Re-checked by
Date Date

Sketch of the Retaining Wall

500

A1

C1
7000

S2

P1 S1 A2
2000

P2
500

C2
Wp P3
10000

500
C3
A3 Wa
500

Retaining Height = 6 m

Bottom level of retaining wall at: 15 - 7 - 0.5 = 7.5 mPD

The bearing soil is: CDG

Soil Parameters of Bearing soil are:

γ= 20 kN/m
3

c' = 5.00 kPa

φ' = 30.26 o

1 - sinφ' 1 + sinφ'
Ka = Kp =
1 + sinφ' 1 - sinφ'

Soil φ' Ka Kp
Fill 25.69 0.395 2.531 Density of Concrete = 24 kN/m3
Alluvium Sand 21.24 0.468 2.136
CDG 30.26 0.330 3.032
Backfill (Active) 27.51 0.368 2.716
Backfill (Passive) 27.51 0.368 2.716

Soil Parameters
Density, γ (kN/m3) Cohesion, c' (kPa) Angle of Shearing Resistance, φ' (o)
Original P factor Factored Orginal P factor Factored Original P factor Factored

Fill 18 1 18 0 1.2 0.00 30 1.2 25.69

Alluvium Sand 19 1 19 5 1.2 4.17 25 1.2 21.24

CDG 20 1 20 6 1.2 5.00 35 1.2 30.26

Backfill (Active) 19 1 19 2 1.2 1.67 32 1.2 27.51

Backfill (Passive) 19 1 19 2 1.2 1.67 32 1.2 27.51

 CALCULATION SHEET
THEi - Ir Timothy Chan
Office Geotechnical and Foundation Engineering Job No SCE5331 Page No
Rev No
Job Title Tutorial 3 Originator Timothy Chan Revised by
Date 2021-09-09 Date
Section Answer Checker Re-checked by
Date Date

Earth Pressure at Active Side

Level Vertical Earth Pressure Lateral Earth Pressure

Ground 0 0
A 19 x 2 0.368 x 38 - 2 x 1.67 x √ 0.368

= 38 = 11.966

Bottom 38 +( 19 - 9.81 )x 5.5 0.368 x 88.545 - 2 x 1.67 x √ 0.368

(Slab) = 88.545 = 30.573

Bottom 38 +( 19 - 9.81 )x 6 0.368 x 93.14 - 2 x 1.67 x √ 0.368

(Key) = 93.14 = 32.264

Water Pressure at Active Side

Slab Bottom Level: 9.81 x 5.5 = 53.955 kPa

Key Bottom Level: 9.81 x 6 = 58.86 kPa

Earth Pressure at Passive Side

Level Vertical Earth Pressure Lateral Earth Pressure

Ground 0 0
A 19 x 1 2.716 x 19 + 2 x 1.67 x √ 2.716
= 19 = 57.107

Bottom 19 +( 19 - 9.81 )x 0.5 2.716 x 23.595 + 2 x 1.67 x √ 2.716

= 23.595 = 69.59

Water Pressure at Passive Side

Bottom level: 9.81 x 0.5 = 4.905 kPa

Force and Moment at Active Side

Block Force (kN) Lever Arm (m) Moment (kNm)

A1 ½ x 11.966 x 2 = 11.966 5.5 + 1� x 2 = 6.1667 11.966 x 6.1667 = 73.791465
3
A2 11.966 x 6 = 71.797 ½ x 5.5 = 27.5 65.814 x 27.5 = 1809.8852
A3 ½ x 20.298 x 6 = 60.895 1� x 5.5 = 1.8333 102.34 x 1.8333 = 187.6
3
Wa ½ x 53.955 x 6 = 161.87 1� x 5.5 = 1.8333 148.38 x 1.8333 = 272.0
3
306.52 2343.3

Force and Moment at Passive Side

Block Force (kN) Lever Arm (m) Moment (kNm)

A1 ½ x 57.107 x 1 = 28.554 0.5 + 1� x 1 = 0.8333 28.554 x 0.8333 = 23.794718
3
A2 57.107 x 0.5 = 28.554 ½ x 0.5 = 2.5 28.554 x 2.5 = 71.384154
A3 ½ x 12.482 x 0.5 = 3.1206 1� x 0.5 = 0.1667 3.1206 x 0.1667 = 0.5
3
Wa ½ x 4.905 x 0.5 = 1.2263 1� x 0.5 = 0.1667 1.2263 x 0.1667 = 0.2
3
61.454 95.9
 CALCULATION SHEET
THEi - Ir Timothy Chan
Office Geotechnical and Foundation Engineering Job No SCE5331 Page No
Rev No
Job Title Tutorial 3 Originator Timothy Chan Revised by
Date 2021-09-09 Date
Section Answer Checker Re-checked by
Date Date

Force and Moment from Concrete and Soil

Block Force (kN) Lever Arm (m) Moment (kNm)

C1 24 x 0.5 x 7 = 84 2 + ½ x 0.5 = 2.25 84 x 2.25 = 189
C2 24 x 10 x 0.5 = 120 ½ x 10 = 5 120 x 5 = 600
C3 24 x 0.5 x 0.5 = 6 9.5 + ½ x 0.5 = 9.75 6 x 9.75 = 58.5
S1 19 x 1 x 2 = 38 ½ x 2 = 1 38 x 1 = 38.0
S2 19 x 7.5 x 7 = 997.5 2.5 + ½ x 7.5 = 6.25 997.5 x 6.25 = 6234.4
1245.5 7119.9

F.O.S against Sliding Force

Sliding Force = 306.52 kN

Resistance Force = 61.454 + 1245.5 tan 30.264 + 5 x 10 = 838.21 kN

FOS against Sliding = 838.21

306.52

= 2.7346 > 1 ok

F.O.S against Overturning

Overturning Moment = 2343.3 kNm

Resistance Moment = 95.9 + 7119.9 = 7215.8 kNm

FOS against Overturning = 7215.8

2343.3

= 3.0793 > 1 ok

Eccentricity

10 7215.8 - 2343.3
e = -
2 1245.5

e = 1.0879

Bearing Pressure

1245.5 6 x 1245.5 x 1.0879

max P = + = 205.85 kPa
10 10 2

1245.5 6 x 1245.5 x 1.0879

max P = - = 43.25 kPa
10 10 2

Surcharge = 19 x 1.5 x 1.5 = 42.75 kN

 CALCULATION SHEET
THEi - Ir Timothy Chan
Office Geotechnical and Foundation Engineering Job No SCE5331 Page No
Rev No
Job Title Tutorial 3 Originator Timothy Chan Revised by
Date 2021-09-09 Date
Section Answer Checker Re-checked by
Date Date

CALCULATE ULTIMATE BEARING CAPACITY

B' = B - 2 x eb = 1.00 m Fig. A1, Geo Guide 1

L' = L - 2 x el = 7.82 m Fig. A1, Geo Guide 1

mi = (2 + B' / L') / (1+ B' / L') = 1.89 m

2
Fig. A2, Geo Guide 1

BEARING CAPACITY FACTORS

2
Nq = [exp(πtanφ)] tan (π/4+φ/2) = 18.96

Nc = (Nq - 1) cotφ = 30.78

Nγ = 2(Nq + 1) tanφ = 23.30

SHAPE FACTORS

Sc = 1 + (Nq / Nc) x B' / L' = 1.08

Sγ = 1 - 0.4 x B' / L' = 0.95

Sq = 1 + (tanφ) x B'/L' = 1.07

INCLINATION FACTORS

A' = B' x L' = 7.82

Qs = 306.52
Qn = 1245.50
Ki = Qs / (Qn + c x A' x cot φ) = 0.23
m +1
iγ = (1 - Ki) i = 0.46
mi
iq = (1 - Ki) = 0.61
ic = iq - (1 - iq) / (Nc x tan φ2'f ) = 0.58

TILT FACTORS

tγ = (1 - w tan φ)2, for w <= 45o = 1 for w = 0

tq = tγ = 1
tc = tq - (1 - tq) / (Nc tan φ) = 1

GROUND SLOPE FACTORS

gc = exp(-2β tan φ') = 1.00 for β = 0

gγ = gq = (1 - tan β)2, for β <= 45o ; 0, for β > 45o
= 1

ULTIMATE BEARING CAPACITY

qult = 726.82 kPa > 205.9 kPa ok