Date 02.05.

2023
VI B.TECH (PE) 2022-23
SUBJECT: PEC306: DIRECTIONAL DRILLING TIME : 3 HR
INSTRUCTIONS: Assume any missing data. MAX.MARKS: 100
Start new question from new page

Q.NO. QUESTION Marks

PART – A: ATTEMPT ANY TWO QUESTIONS

1. Following is the well path of a planned directional well to N300E with 20/100 feet (20)
deflection tool after 1500 feet TVD of KOP.

i. The well reached at station ‘A’ in planned azimuth after 400 feet curvature drilling.
ii. From station ‘A’ by drilling 200 feet curvature, the well reached at station ‘B’ and
achieved 100 inclination to right side
iii. After station ‘B’ by drilling another 200 feet curvature to low side, the well
reached to station ‘C’ and was observed as deflected for Δβ = 200
iv. As per corrective measures, from Station ‘C’ the well was oriented to 40 0 of left
side (with - 100 reactive torque) by drilling another 200 feet curvature and reached
at station ‘D”.
v. From station ‘D’ the well further needs to be corrected by turning tool face to 1100
(without any reactive torque) to reach to original azimuth at station ‘E’.

Using graph paper, draw the complete Ragland Diagram (with black pen) for each
dogleg deflections and mention in tabular form the inclination, azimuth, tool face
setting and dogleg angle at each station.

2. A directional well has to be planned for 10,000 ft vertical depth and 3500 ft. (10 +
Horizontal drift. Only one whip stock of 1.5 degree / 100 ft. angle capacity is 10 =
available for deflection and as per lithology, the available soft sand for curvature 20)
drilling is between 1500 – 3500 ft depth intervals.

a) Setting KOP at upper boundary, workout the profile trajectory and, mention
whether the profile will reach to the target? If not, how far it will land in the
target seam? Show the trajectory table of destination.

b) Fix the EOC at same point of lower boundary of soft sand and re-design the
profile trajectory by re-setting KOP, so that the well should penetrate the target.
Show the trajectory table and Draw the geometrical figure of the finally
designed profile.

3. It is desired to drill under the lake to the location designated for Well 1 using a 20)
Slanted trajectory with 30 degree rig slanting angle. Horizontal departure to the
target is 8655 ft at a TVD of 9650 ft. Available deflection tool is of build-up rate
10/100ft and the kick-off point is at vertical depth of 1600 ft.

a) Workout the trajectory of the profile and draw the correct figure of the profile

b) Determine the profile coordinates at 1915 ft and 7694 ft true vertical depths.

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 PART – B: ATTEMPT ALL QUESTIONS
4 What are different models to determine the drainage area of a Horizontal well. (12)
Using different models, Compare the drain hole lengths of a horizontal well to cover
150 acre lease area of an oil field. Assume drainage area covered by a vertical well
is 30 acre.

5. Describe the reasons for the following- (12)

i. The magnetometer measurements of the well azimuth are not reliable for
accurate directional surveying?
ii. A Turbodrill drills faster than Dynadrill but still it is not recommended to drill
“Build up section” of directional well.
iii. The kick off operation of a directional well is preferred to be completed in
soft formation.
iv. It is recommended to use MONEL drill collar in directional well drilling.

6. Answer any Two of the following: (12)

a. What do you mean by Underbalanced Drilling”. What are different type of drilling
fluids used in Underbalanced drilling and their limitations?

b. Discuss different problems and limitations associated with Aerated Drilling.

c. Draw the layout of close circulation system used in Underbalanced drilling

7. With the neat and labelled figures describe the basic differences any two of the (12)
following-
a. Casing configuration for a vertical and a Horizontal wells
b. Stator and Rotor configuration of a Dynadrill and a Turbodrill Motor.
c. Radius of vertical curvature and Horizontal Curvature of a deflected
directional well.

8. Write short notes on any Two of the following- (12)

a. “Pre-milled Window System” of multilateral drilling.
b. Model casing program of Slim Hole Well and its advantages over
Conventional vertical well.
c. Advantages and limitations of Coil Tubing Drilling.

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 VI SEMESTER B.TECH PETROLEUM ENGINEERING 2022 – 23
PEC306: DIRECTIONAL DRILLING
FORMULA BANK

Basic Formula (Notations have usual Meanings and units)

1. Ht2 - ∆N2 - ∆E2 = 0

2. Ht = R + (Vt – Vb) Tan X
3. Cos α1. Cos DL – Cos α2
TFS = Cos-1 [ ---------------------------------------------- ]
Sin α1. Sin DL
4. (Cot )2 = (Nt – Ns)2 / (Et – Es)2
5. N = H Cos ß
6. E = H Sin ß
7. R Cos X = (Vt – Vb) Sin Y
8. R = (VC - VB) / Sin α1
9. R = HC / (1 - Cos α1)
10. Sin Y = (R Cos X) / (Vt’ – MDb)
11. Tan DL. Sin TFS
Δβ = Tan-1 [ ----------------------------------------------------- ]
Sin α1 + Tan DL. Cos α1. Cos TFS

12. Tan DL Sin TFS = Tan Δß [Sin α1 + Tan DL . Cos α1 . Cos TFS]
13. α2 = Cos -1 [Cos α1 . Cos DL – Sin α1 . Sin DL . Cos TFS]

14. Tan X = (Ht’ – R) / (Vt’ – MDb)

15. Cos TFS . Sin α1. Sin DL = Cos α1. Cos DL – Cos α2
16. Cos DL = Cos (2 - 1) - Sin 1 . Sin 2 [ 1 - Cos (ß2 - ß1)]

17. RF=(2/DL) (in radians) X Tan (DL/2) (in degrees)

18. Cos α1 = VB / MDB

19. Tan α1 = HB / VB
20. P = 5.83431 X 10-4 X Q . Δp
21. P = 1.90404 X 10-4 X T . n
22. T = TS {1 – (n / nR)}
23. P = (π . n / 30) TS {1 – (n / nR)}
24. Cos (∆ß) = [1 – {(Cox ∆α – Cos DLA) / (Sin α1 . Sin α2) }]
25. V = L Cos [(1 + 2) / 2]
26. H = L Sin [(1 + 2) / 2]
27. E = L Sin [(1 + 2) / 2] . Sin [( 1 +  2)/2]
28. N = L Sin [(1 + 2) / 2] . Cos [( 1 +  2)/2]

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 Q.1: Following is the well path of a directional well drilling with 2 0/100 feet deflection
tool after 1500 feet TVD of KOP.
i. The well reached at station ‘A’ in N700E azimuth after 400 feet curvature drilling.
ii. From station ‘A’ by drilling 200 feet curvature, the well reached at station ‘B’
and achieved 100 inclination to left side.
iii. After station ‘B’ by drilling another 200 feet curvature, the well reached to
station ‘C’ and was observed as deflected for Δβ = - 200
iv. As per corrective measures, from Station ‘C’ the well was oriented to 40 0 of
Right side (with - 100 reactive torque) by drilling another 200 feet curvature
and reached at station ‘D”.
v. From station ‘D’ the well further needs to be corrected by turning tool face to
1100 (without any reactive torque) to reach to original azimuth at station ‘E’.
Using graph paper, draw the complete Ragland Diagram (with black pen) for each
dogleg deflections and mention in tabular form the inclination, azimuth, tool face
setting and dogleg angle at each station.
Solution:
Station C: TFS = 40 – 10 = 300

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Q.2: A directional well has to be planned for 10,000 ft vertical depth and 3500 ft.
Horizontal drift. Only one whip stock of 1.5 degree / 100 ft. angle capacity is available
for deflection and as per lithology, the available soft sand for curvature drilling is
between 1500 – 3500 ft depth intervals.

Workout the profile trajectory and, mention whether the profile will reach to the target?
If not, how far it will land in the target seam? Show the trajectory table of destination.

Fix the EOC at same point of lower boundary of soft sand and re-design the profile
trajectory so that the well should penetrate the target. Show the trajectory table and
Draw the geometrical figure of the finally designed profile.

Solution:
Setting Vb (KOP) at upper boundary i.e. at 1500 ft and EOC is at 3500 ft.
ɸ = 1.50/100 ft. R = 3819.72 ft. Vc – Vb = 2000 ft.
Vt – Vc = 6500 ft α = 31.570 Hc = 565.31 ft.
Ht – Hc = 3994.14 ft. Ht = 4559.45 ft. CT = 7629.10 ft. MDt = 11,233.77 ft.
Profile Trajectory:
Point V (ft.) H (ft.) MD (ft.)
A 0 0 0
B 1500 ft. 0 1500
C 3500 565.31 3604.67
T 10000 4559.45 11,233.77
Actual Ht = 3500 ft. so profile will be 1059.45 ft. horizontally away from planned target.

Re-designing- setting EOC at same point at lower boundary and deciding KOP
Ht – Hc = 2934.69 ft. α = 24.300 Vc – Vb = 1571.87 ft.
EOC = 3500 ft. Vb = 1928.13 ft. Curvature length BC = 1620 ft
Tangent CT = 7131.86 ft. MDt = 10,680 ft.
Final Trajectory Table:
Point V (ft.) H (ft.) MD (ft.)
A 0 0 0
B 1928.13 0 1928.13
C 3500 565.31 3548.13
T 10000 3500 10,680

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Q.3: It is desired to drill under the lake to the location designated for Well 1 using a Slanted
trajectory with 30 degree rig slanting angle. Horizontal departure to the target is 8655 ft at a
TVD of 9650 ft. Available deflection tool is of build-up rate 10/100ft and the kick-off point is at
vertical depth of 1600 ft.

a) Workout the trajectory of the profile and draw the correct figure of the profile
b) Determine the profile coordinates at 1915 ft and 7694 ft true vertical depths.
.
Solution:
R = 5729.58 ft. VB = 1600 ft. HB = 923.76 ft. MDB = 1847.52 ft
AN = 11142.86 ft. NT = 3083.57 ft. QT = 2670.45 ft. NQ = 1541.79 ft.
AQ = 12684.65 ft X = - 15.760 Y = 30.590 α2 = = 14.830,
αT = 44.830 CM = 220.38 ft. AD = 3314.02 ft. DM = 110.19 ft.
AM = 3203.83 ft. Vc = 2774.60 ft. Hc = 1822.30 ft. MDC = 3330.52 ft.
CT = 9694.56 ft MDT = 13,025.08 ft
V1915 = 1915 ft. VX – VB = 315 ft. α1915 = 3.640 CD` = 13.55 ft.
CM` = 15.46 ft H1915 = 1121.09 ft. MD1915 = 2211.52 ft. V7614 = 7694 ft.
MD7614 = 10,267.05 ft H7614 = 6783.78 ft.

TRAJECTORY
Point V (ft.) H (ft.) MD (ft.)
A 0 0 0
B 1600 923.76 1847.52
C 2774.60 1822.30 3330.52
T 9650 8655 13,025.08
1 1915 1121.08 2211.52
2 7694 6723.78 10,267

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Q.4: What are different models to determine the drainage area of a Horizontal well.
Using different models, find out the drain hole lengths of a horizontal well to cover 150
acre lease area of an oil field. Assume drainage area covered by a vertical well is 30
acre.
Solution:
1. Square shaped Mid placing model.
2. Square shaped diagonal placing model
3. Rectangular model
4. 2 semicircles and rectangular model
5. Elliptical model.
Drainage area covered by a vertical well=30 acre = 30 x 43560 = 1306800 ft2
Drainage area covered by Horizontal well= 150 acre = 6534000 ft2
1. Square shaped Model Mid Placing:
Vertical well: 30 acre Side length = 1143.15 ft.
Recess length = 575.6 ft.

Horizontal well 150 acre

Area = 150 acre = 6534000 ft2
Drain Hole Length (L) = 2286.3 ft.

2. Square shaped diagonal placing model

Vertical well: 30 acre Diagonal length = 1616.7 ft.
Recess length = 808.33 ft.
Horizontal well 150 acre Diagonal length = 3615.01 ft.
Drain Hole Length (L) = 2806.7 ft.

3. Rectangular model:
Horizontal well 150 acre Width = 1143.15 ft.
Side length = 5715.78 ft.
Drain Hole Length (L) = 4572.64

4. 2 semicircles and rectangular model

Vertical Well
Area = 30 acre Radius = 645 ft.
Rectangular area = 5227200 ft2 Width length of rectangle: = 1290 ft.
Side length of rectangle = 4052.1 ft.
Drain hole length = 2762.1 ft.

5. Elliptical model.
Area = 150 acre = 6534000 ft2 Area = π . a . b / 43560 = 150
b = 645 ft. a = 3224.6 ft.
Major axis = 3224.6 ft.
Drain hole length = 3224.6 ft. – 1290 = 1934.6.04 ft.
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