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Medieval History by Parmar SSC Lecture-8 (ENGLISH)

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977 views

Medieval History by Parmar SSC Lecture-8 (ENGLISH)

Uploaded by

stormplayz2508
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MARATHAS

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Maratha State (1674-1720) and Maratha Confederacy (1720-1818)

Shivaji: 1674-80
Born at: Shivneri Fort in 1630
Father: Shahji Bhonsle
Mother: Jija Bai
Religious Teacher: Samarth Ramdas

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Shaista Khan (Governor of Deccan) Deputed by Aurangzeb to put down rising
power of Shivaji in 1660. Shivaji lost Poona but later made a bold attack against him

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in 1663 and plundered Surat (1664) and later Ahmadnagar

Raja Jai Singh of Amber appointed by Aurangzeb to put down Shivaji (1665). Jai
Singh succeeded besieging Shivaji at Purandhar

Treaty of Purandhar signed (1665) Shivaji


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ceded some forts to Mughals and had to visit
Mughal court at Agra
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1674: Shivaji coronated at capital Raigarh and assumed the title of Haindava
Dharmodharak (Protector of Hinduism)
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Title taken then: Chhatrapati Shivaji


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Shivaji was helped by the ashtapradhan (eight minister)
No collective minister as each was
directly responsible to him
Revenue sources
Chauth was 1/4th i.e. 25% of land revenue paid to Marathas For not being subjected to
Marathas raid
Additional levy of 10% Sardeshmukhi (those lands of Maharashtra over which Marathas

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claimed hereditary rights but these were part of Mughal Empire

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Sambhaji: 1680-89
Elder son of Shivaji from Saibai
Defeated Rajaram, the younger son of Shivaji in the war of succession
Provided protection and support to Akbar II , his rebellious son Aurangzeb
Gave Sambhaji
Son of: Shivaji and Soyaraba (2nd wife)

Rajaram: 1689-1700 R gruesome death

Succeeded the throne with the help of ministers at Rajgarh


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Death: at Satara Become the capital after the fall of Jinji to
Mughal (1698)
New post created: Pratinidhi Total no. of minister now nine
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(Pratinidhi + Ashtapradhan)

Tarabai: 1700-07
Wife of Rajaram
Son: Shivaji II
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Shivaji

Wife
Sambhaji Rajaram Tarabai

Two sons

Son: Shahuji Son: Shivaji II


Shahu: 1707-1749
Released by Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah
Defeated: Tarabai in the Battle of Khed

PM of Marathas
Balaji Viswanath: 1713-20 The first Peshwa
Began his career as small revenue official Given title: Sena Karte

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(maker of the army) by Shahu in 1708
1713: became Peshwa Made the post important and powerful and
hereditary

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With the help of Syed Btothers King Maker, Farrukh Siyar ascended the
throne Muhammad Shah Rangila with help of Balaji Viswanath, killed
Syed Brothers

Baji Rao I: 1720-40


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Eldest son of Balaji Viswanath
Defeated: Nizam-ul-mulk
Defeated 1st Nizam of Hyderabad: Asaf Jah
Signed: Treaty of Doraha Sarai with him
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1737: Raided Delhi
During his time various Maratha Confederacies came into Prominence
Son: Balaji Baji Rao
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Balaji Baji Rao: 1740-61 2-5 lakhs people died: one of the deadliest war in
Also known as Nana Saheb entire world
During his tenure 3rd Battle of Panipat was fought

Marathas vs Afghans (1761)

Sadashiv Rao Bhau Ahmad Shah Abdali/Durrani

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Marathas lost

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Anglo meaning: English
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Anglo Maratha Wars

1st Anglo Maratha War: 1775-1782 Due to internal conflict


Why?
Raghunath Rao wanted to become Peshwa
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Didn’t want him to become War won by Marathas and led by


Peshwa Nana Fadnavis and Britishers lost

Nana Fadnavis (Finance Minister)

Treaty of Wadgaon signed


Treaty of Salbai towards the end
after the 1st battle 1782
2nd Anglo Maratha War
1803 Subsidiary Alliance signed

1802: Treaty of Bassein

Ruler: Baji Rao II Marathas lost the war

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Signed treaties:
Treaty of Rajghat With Holkars

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Treaty of Deogaon With Bhonsle

3rd Anglo Maratha War: 1817-1818


Often regarded as “Pindari War”
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The Pindaris was looting and laundering and were part of Maratha, after the decline
of Marathas Pindaris were not getting employed hence lead them to loot the
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Britishers and other territories

Britishers attacked Marathas fought against


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and it was decisive war

Baji Rao II captured and


sent to Bithoor
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One Liners (MCQs)

Capital of Maratha Empire after the Peshwas won over Shivaji: Poona

Chatrapati Shivaji killed Adil Shah in Battle of Pratapgarh

Literature who was in the court of Bundela ruler Chhatrasal and also in court of Shivaji
and Aurangzeb: Kavi Bhushan
Maratha warrior who died in defence of Sinhagad fort while fighting against Mughal
army: Tanaji Malusare

Treaty of Madeshwar signed between the British and the Holkar chief in 1818

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