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Learning Content D& F Block Elements

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Learning Content D& F Block Elements

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aineshsengupta17
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© © All Rights Reserved
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d & f BLOCK ELEMENTS

Q1. Cu(I) ion is not stable in an aqueous solution. Why?


Ans. Cu+ (aq) → Cu(s) + Cu2+(aq)
Thus Cu(I) ion undergoes disproportionation in aqueous medium because Cu 2+ is
more stable than Cu+ due to higher hydration .
Q2. Account for the following:-
(i) The enthalpies of atomisation of transition elements are high.
Ans. This is because transition elements/metals have strong metallic bonds as they
have a large number of unpaired electrons in them.
(ii) Many of the transition elements and their compounds can act as good catalysts.
Ans. The catalytic activity of transition metals is attributed due to the following
reasons:
(a) Because of their variable oxidation states
(b) The transition metal provides a suitable large surface
(iii) Among the 3d series of transition elements, the largest number of oxidation
states are exhibited by manganese.
Ans. This is because manganese has electronic configuration [Ar]3d54s2, with five
unpaired electrons in 3d orbitals.
(c) Transition metals and many of their compounds show paramagnetic behaviour.
Ans. Because of presence of unpaired electrons in them.
(d) Transition metals generally form coloured compounds.
Ans. Because of d-d transition of unpaired electrons and absorption of certain
wavelengths in the visible region of electromagnetic spectrum.

Q. Actinoid metals display a variety of structures. Why? Or, What is the reason of
structural variability in actinoids?
Ans. The structural variability in actinoids is due to irregularities in metallic radii.
Q. Actinoid contraction is greater from element to element than lanthanide
contraction. Why?
Ans. Due to poorer shielding effect by 5-f electrons then 4-f electrons.
Q. Which is the last element in the series of the actinoids? Write the electronic
configuration of this element. Comment on the possible oxidation state of
this element.
Ans. The last element in the series of actinoids is Lawrencium (Lr). Its electronic
configuration is [Rn]86 5f146d17s2. The possible oxidation state for this element is
+3, because +3 oxidation state has stable complete d-orbitals.
Q. Name the element of lanthanide series which is well known to exhibit +4
oxidation state.
Ans. Cerium (Ce) (atomic number: 58)
Q. What is meant by ‘disproportionation’ of an oxidation state? Give an
example.
Ans. When a particular oxidation state becomes less stable relative to other
oxidation states, one lower, one higher, it is said to undergo disproportionation.
For example, manganese (VI) becomes unstable relative to manganese(VII) and
manganese (IV) in acidic solution.

3 MnO42 - + 4 H+ → 2 MnO4- + MnO2 + 2 H2O

It is the chemical reaction in which the same chemical species undergoes oxidation
and reduction.
Other examples: 2 H2O2 → 2 H2O + O2
P4 + NaOH + H2O → NaH2PO2 + PH3
Q. Calculate the ‘spin only’ magnetic moment of M2+ (aq) ion (Z = 27).
Ans. The outer electronic configuration of M (= 27): 3d7 4s2.
The outer electronic configuration of M2+ : 3d7 or

Therrefore, the number of


unpaired electrons, n = 3

So, the magnetic moment, μ = √𝑛 (𝑛 + 2) B. M. = √15 B. M. = 3.87 B. M.


Q.

Ans. Much larger ionization enthalpy of Mn (where the required change is d5 to d4)
is mainly responsible for this.
Q.Why are Zn,Cd and Hg not regarded as transition elements?
Ans.The d-Orbitals in these elements are completely fillede in ground state as well
as in their common oxidation states.
Q.Why do Zr and Hf exhibit similar properties .
Ans.Because their atomic radii are similar due to lanthanoid contraction .
Q.Why are Zn2+ salts white but Cu2+ salts blue?
Ans. This is due to fulfilled d-Orbitals in Zn2+ salts and unpaired electron in Cu2+
salts. It causes d-d transistion in Cu2+ salts .
Q.What is lanthanoid contraction?
Ans. The filling of 4-f Orbitals before 5-d orbitals results in a regular decrease in
atomic size of element which is called lanthanoid contraction.
Q.Compare the chemistry actinoids that of lanthanoids with special reference to
(a) Electronic configuration
(b)Oxidation states
©Chemical reactivity
Ans. Lanthenoids Actinoids
(a) Electronic configuration
Filling of 4-f orbitals takes place. Filling of 5-f orbitals takes place
(b) Oxidation states
+2,+3 and +4 Oxidation states are +2 to +7 oxidation states are shown
Shown but +3 is common but +3 is common
© Chemical Reactivity
Lanthanoids are less reactive Actinoida are more reactive.
Minimum learning content
Preparation of Potassiumdichromate

Preparation of Potassium permanganate

Reactions of potassium permanganate


Reactions of Potassium permanganate

In alkaline / neutral medium

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