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Solved Problems On Recti ers

BASIC ELECTRONICS SOLVED PROBLEMS BY SASMITA JANUARY 9, 2020

Q1. The applied input a.c. power to a half-wave recti er is 100 watts. The d.c. output 
power obtained is 40 watts.
(i) What is the recti cation ef ciency ?
(ii) What happens to remaining 60 watts ?

Solution :

(i)

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(ii) 40% ef ciency of recti cation does not mean that 60% of power is lost in the recti er Converters (1)
circuit. In fact, a crystal diode consumes little power due to its small internal resistance. The CRO (5)
100 W a.c. power is contained as 50 watts in positive half-cycles and 50 watts in negative half- DC-DC Converters (2)

cycles. The 50 watts in the negative half-cycles are not supplied at all. Only 50 watts in the Diac (1)
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positive half-cycles are converted into 40 watts.
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Although 100 watts of a.c. power was supplied, the half-wave recti er accepted only 50 watts
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and converted it into 40 watts d.c. power. Therefore, it is appropriate to say that ef ciency of MCQ (6)
recti cation is 40% and not 80% which is power ef ciency. Microcontroller (1)
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Q2. An a.c. supply of 230 V is applied to a half-wave recti er circuit through a transformer of Number System (1)
turn ratio 10 : 1. Find (i) the output d.c. voltage and (ii) the peak inverse voltage. Assume the Operational Ampli er (3)

diode to be ideal. Oscilloscopes (2)

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Fig. 1
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Solution :
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Max. secondary voltage is

(i)

(ii) During the negative half-cycle of a.c. supply, the diode is reverse biased and hence conducts
no current. Therefore, the maximum secondary voltage appears across the diode.

Q3. A crystal diode having internal resistance rf = 20Ω is used for half-wave recti cation. If the
applied voltage v = 50 sin ω t and load resistance RL= 800 Ω, nd :
(i) Im, Idc, Irms (ii) a.c. power input and d.c. power output (iii) d.c. output voltage (iv)
ef ciency of recti cation.

Solution :

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

Q4. A half-wave recti er is used to supply 50V d.c. to a resistive load of 800 Ω. The diode has a
resistance of 25 Ω. Calculate a.c. voltage required.

Solution :

Q5. A full-wave recti er uses two diodes, the internal resistance of each diode may be assumed
constant at 20 Ω. The transformer r.m.s. secondary voltage from centre tap to each end of
secondary is 50 V and load resistance is 980 Ω. Find : (i) the mean load current (ii) the r.m.s.
value of load current.

Solution :

(i)

(ii)

Q6. In the centre-tap circuit shown in Fig. 2, the diodes are assumed to be ideal i.e. having zero
internal resistance. Find :(i) d.c. output voltage(ii) peak inverse voltage (iii) recti cation
ef ciency.

Fig. 2

Solution :

Primary to secondary turns, N1 / N2 = 5

(i) Average current, Idc =

(ii) The peak inverse voltage is equal to the maximum secondary voltage, i.e

(iii)

Q7. In the bridge type circuit shown in Fig. 3, the diodes are assumed to be ideal. Find : (i) d.c.
output voltage (ii) peak inverse voltage (iii) output frequency. Assume primary to secondary
turns to be 4.

Fig.3

Solution :

Q8. Fig. 4(i) and Fig. 4 (ii) show the centre-tap and bridge type circuits having the same load
resistance and transformer turn ratio. The primary of each is connected to 230V, 50 Hz supply.
(i) Find the d.c. voltage in each case. (ii) PIV for each case for the same d.c. output. Assume the
diodes to be ideal.

Fig. 4

Solution :

(i) DC output voltage :

Centre-tap circuit :

Bridge circuit :

This shows that for the same secondary voltage, the d.c. output voltage of bridge circuit is
twice that of the centre-tap circuit

(ii) PIV for same d.c. output voltage :

The d.c. output voltage of the two circuits will be the same if Vm (i.e. max. voltage utilized by
each circuit for conversion into d.c.) is the same. For this to happen, the turn ratio of the
transformers should be as shown in Fig. 5.

Fig.5

Centre-tap circuit :

Bridge circuit :

This shows that for the same d.c. output voltage, PIV of bridge circuit is half that of centre-tap
circuit. This is a distinct advantage of bridge circuit.

Q9. The four diodes used in a bridge recti er circuit have forward resistances which may be
considered constant at 1Ω and in nite reverse resistance. The alternating supply voltage is 240
V r.m.s. and load resistance is 480 Ω. Calculate (i) mean load current and (ii) power dissipated
in each diode.

Solution :

Q10. The bridge recti er shown in Fig. 6 uses silicon diodes. Find (i) d.c. output voltage (ii) d.c.
output current. Use simpli ed model for the diodes

Fig.6

Solution :

The conditions of the problem suggest that the a.c voltage across transformer secondary is 12V
r.m.s.

Q11. A power supply A delivers 10 V dc with a ripple of 0.5 V r.m.s. while the power supply B
delivers 25 V dc with a ripple of 1 mV r.m.s. Which is better power supply ?

Solution :

The lower the ripple factor of a power supply, the better it is.

For power supply A

For power supply B

Q12. For the circuit shown in Fig.7, nd the output d.c. voltage.

Fig.7

Solution :

It can be proved that output d.c. voltage is given by :

Q13. The choke of Fig.8 has a d.c. resistance of 25 Ω. What is the d.c. voltage if the full-wave
signal into the choke has a peak value of 25.7 V ?

Fig.8

Solution :

The output of a full-wave recti er has a d.c. component and an a.c. component. Due to the
presence of a.c. component, the recti er output has a pulsating character as shown in Fig. 9.

Fig. 9

The maximum value of the pulsating output is Vm and d.c. component is V′dc = 2 Vm/π.

For d.c. component V′dc, the choke resistance is in series with the load as shown in 10.

Fig. 10

Sasmita
Hi! I am Sasmita . At ElectronicsPost.com I pursue my love for teaching. I
am an M.Tech in Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering. And, if
you really want to know more about me, please visit my "About" Page. Read
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