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EMATA, JENNIE MAE U. (Kinetics of Particles Newton's 2nd Law and Dynamic Equilibrium)

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Jennie Emata
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46 views10 pages

EMATA, JENNIE MAE U. (Kinetics of Particles Newton's 2nd Law and Dynamic Equilibrium)

Uploaded by

Jennie Emata
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© © All Rights Reserved
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KINETICS OF PARTICLES:

NEWTON’S 2ND LAW


MECH 2: Dynamics of Rigid Bodies
By Jennie Mae U. Emata
INTRODUCTION TO KINETICS
Kinetics is the study of relations between unbalanced forces
and the resulting changes in motion.

Importance: Combines the properties of forces and the


kinematics of particle motion to solve engineering problems
involving force, mass, and motion.
NEWTON’S 2ND LAW
Newton's second law states that the acceleration of a particle is
directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely
proportional to its mass. Mathematically, it is expressed as:

where:
F - the net force acting on the particle.
m - the mass of the particle
a - the acceleration of the particle
This relationship implies that for a given force, a particle with
greater mass will experience less acceleration and vice versa.
EXPERIMENTAL BASIS
The fundamental meaning of Newton's second law can be
illustrated through ideal experiments where force and
acceleration are measured without error. In these
experiments, the ratio of applied force to the corresponding
acceleration remains constant, highlighting the concept of
inertia—the resistance of a particle to changes in its velocity.
SYSTEMS OF UNITS
In SI units,
force is measured in newtons (N),
mass in kilograms (kg), and
acceleration in meters per second squared (m/s²).

In the U.S. customary system,


force is measured in pounds-force (lbf),
mass in slugs, and
acceleration in feet per second squared (ft/s²).

The relationship between these units is derived from Newton's


second law.
INERTIAL SYSTEM
An inertial system is a reference frame in which Newton's
second law is valid. Measurements made relative to any non-
rotating reference system translating with constant velocity
are equivalent to those made in the primary inertial system.
This principle ensures the law's applicability in various
contexts, including those involving the Earth's rotation.
D'ALEMBERT'S PRINCIPLE
AND DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM
D'Alembert's principle transforms a dynamics
problem into a statics problem by introducing an
inertia force. This approach is expressed as:

This principle, though historically significant, is less


favored in modern dynamics due to the preference for
direct interpretation using Newton's second law.
APPLICATIONS IN ENGINEERING
In engineering, the kinetics of particles is applied using three general approaches:
1. Force-Mass-Acceleration Method: Direct application of Newton's second law.
2. Work and Energy Principles: Using the work-energy theorem to solve problems.
3. Impulse and Momentum Methods: Applying the principles of conservation of
momentum.

Each approach has specific advantages and is used based on the nature of the
problem.
CONCLUSION
Understanding the kinetics of particles through Newton's second
law and dynamic equilibrium is essential for solving complex
engineering problems. By combining knowledge of forces,
motion, and the principles of dynamics, engineers can design and
analyze systems effectively, ensuring their stability and
performance under various conditions.
This report highlights the foundational concepts of particle
kinetics, emphasizing the importance of Newton's second law
and its applications in engineering dynamics.
THANK YOU

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