Scribd
Upload
16 views14 pages

About NLP

Uploaded by

sirisha0644
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
16 views14 pages

About NLP

Uploaded by

sirisha0644
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 14

Natural Language Processing

By:- Sirisha Reddy


10’B’
Roll No.:-50
What is NLP?
Natural Language Processing
NLP is the technology used to assist computers (intelligent system) to understand the human's
natural language.
It deals with the interaction between computers and humans using the natural language.
1. A human talks to the machine
2. The machine captures the audio
3. Audio to text conversion takes place
4. Processing of the text's data
5. Data to audio conversion takes place
6. The machine responds to the human by playing the audio file
Examples of NLP
1. Email Filters
Email filters are one of the most basic and initial applications of NLP
online. It started out with spam filters, uncovering certain words or
phrases that signal a spam message. But filtering has upgraded, just like
early adaptations of NLP. One of the more prevalent, newer applications
on NLP is found in Gmail's email classification. The system recognizes if
emails belong in one of three categories (primary, social, or promotions)
based on their contents. For all Gmail users, this keeps your inbox to a
manageable size with important, relevant emails you wish to review and
respond to quickly.
2. Smart Assistants
Smart assistants like Apple’s Siri and Amazon’s Alexa recognize patterns in speech
thanks to voice recognition, then infer meaning and provide a useful response. We’ve
become used to the fact that we can say “Hey Siri,” ask a question, and she
understands what we said and responds with relevant answers based on context. And
we’re getting used to seeing Siri or Alexa pop up throughout our home and daily life as
we have conversations with them through items like the thermostat, light switches, car,
and more. We now expect assistants like Alexa and Siri to understand contextual clues
as they improve our lives and make certain activities easier like ordering items, and
even appreciate when they respond humorously or answer questions about themselves
3. Language Translation
Many languages don’t allow for straight translation and have different orders for
sentence structure, which translation services used to overlook. But, they’ve come
a long way. With NLP, online translators can translate languages more accurately
and present grammatically-correct results. This is infinitely helpful when trying to
communicate with someone in another language. Not only that, but when
translating from another language to your own, tools now recognize the language
based on inputted text and translate it.
4. Digital Phone Calls
We all hear “this call may be recorded for training purposes,” but rarely do we wonder
what that entails. Turns out, these recordings may be used for training purposes, if a
customer is aggrieved, but most of the time, they go into the database for an NLP
system to learn from and improve in the future. Automated systems direct customer
calls to a service representative or online chatbots, which respond to customer
requests with helpful information. This is a NLP practice that many companies,
including large telecommunications providers have put to use. NLP also enables
computer-generated language close to the voice of a human.
What are the advantages of NLP?
• NLP helps users to ask questions about any subject and get a direct response within seconds.

NLP offers exact answers to the question i.e. does not offer unnecessary and unwanted
information.

NLP helps computers to communicate with humans in their languages.

• Improves the efficiency of documentation processes, accuracy of documentation, and identify


the information from large databases.
What are the disadvantages of
NLP?
A list of disadvantages of NLP is given below:

-NLP may not show context.

-NLP is unpredictable

-NLP may require more keystrokes.

-NLP is unable to adapt to the new domain, and it has a limited function that's why
NLP is built for a single and specific task only.
How does NLP work
1. Sentence Segmentation
Sentence Segmentation breaks the paragraph into separate sentences.

Example:- Independence Day is one of the important festivals for every Indian citizen. It is
celebrated on the 15th of August each year ever since India got independence from the British
rule. The day celebrates independence in the true sense.

1. "Independence Day is one of the important festivals for every Indian citizen."

2. "It is celebrated on the 15th of August each year ever since India got independence from the
British rule."

3. "This day celebrates independence in the true sense.”


2. Word Tokenization
Word Tokenizer is used to break the sentence into linguistic units (tokens) such as words, punctuation,
numbers, alphanumeric, etc.

Tokens need not to be further decomposed for subsequent processing.

Also, Handling Abbreviations, Hyphenated Words, Numerical and special expressions

e.g. Coursera offers Corporate Training, Online Training, and Winter Training.

Word Tokenizer output:

"Coursera", "offers", "Corporate", "Training", "Online", "Training", "and", "Winter", "Training


3. Stemming/Lemmatization
Stemming is used to normalize words into its base form or root form.
eg. The words celebrates, celebrated and celebrating are originated with a single root word "celebrate." The issue
with stemming is that sometimes it produces the root word which may not have any meaning.
E.g. intelligence, intelligent, and intelligently are originated with a single root word "intelligen."
In English, the word "intelligen" do not have any meaning.

Lemmatization is grouping the different inflected forms of the word. Lemmatization is


quitilar to the Stemming. The difference between Stemming and lemmatization is that
lemma produces the root word, which has a meaning.

e.g. In lemmatization, the words intelligence, intelligent, and intelligently has a root word
intelligent, which
2. Word Tokenization
Word Tokenizer is used to break the sentence into linguistic units (tokens) such as words, punctuation, numbers, alphanumeric,
etc.
Tokens need not to be further decomposed for subsequent processing.
Also, Handling Abbreviations, Hyphenated Words, Numerical and special expressions
e.g. Coursera offers Corporate Training, Online Training, and Winter Training.
Word Tokenizer output:
"Coursera", "offers", "Corporate", "Training", "Online", "Training", "and", "Winter", "Training","”

3. Stemming

Stemming is used to normalize words into its base form or root form
eg. The words celebrates, celebrated and celebrating are originated with a single root wor
“celebrate." The issue with stemming is that sometimes it produces the root word which
may not have any meaning.
E.g. intelligence, intelligent, and intelligently are originated with a single root word
"intelligen."
In English, the word "intelligen" do not have any meaning.
TF-IDF

Team Frequency :- TF of a term or word is the number of times the term appears in a
document compared to the total number of words in the document.
Tf= (frequency of the word in the sentence) / (total number of words in the sentence
Inverse document frequency :- IDF of a term reflects the proportion of documents in
the corpus that contain the term. Words unique to a small percentage of documents
(e.g., technical jargon terms) receive higher importance values than words common
across all documents (e.g., a, the, and).
Idf = (Total number of sentences) / (Number of sentences that word presents
Conclusion
Natural Language Processing is the practice of teaching machines
to understand and interpret conversational inputs from humans.
Thank You
Sirisha Reddy
10’B’
Roll No:-50

You might also like