Sustainability and Strategic Audit

LESSON other
PROPER: momentous events sparked public
outcries about the need for
Did you ever come across the environmental responsibility. These
different activities of these outcries were coupled with growing
companies in the Philippines? demands for open, transparent
communication from industry and
"Smart launched the e-statement government about environmental
(paperless) billing campaign." risks. However, not only
environmental issues are the concern
"Petron Foundation, Inc. launches of sustainability. It also dwells
Tulong Aral College Scholarship." into the societal concerns that
companies face. One of the issues
"BPI employees joined monthly Tree that raised concern with regard to
Planting activity." corporate sustainability is the
Apartheid racial segregation
These activities are outside the policies in South Africa were being
usual activities of the company but questioned.
why do you think these companies
engage in these activities? The TRIPLE BOTTOMLINE (TBL) REPORTING
simple answer to this is because of - First coined by John Elkington
the call of SUSTAINABILITY. Let us in 1997
define what sustainability is. - This kind of reporting
underscores the 3Ps (Profit, Planet
Sustainability is defined as and People) meaning reach
"development that meets the needs of sustainability, one must achieve not
the present without compromising the only economic "bottom-line"
ability of future generation s to performance but environmental and
meet their own needs." It focuses on social performance as well.
how a company manages its economic,
environmental and social impacts, Sustainability and sustainable
risks and opportunities. development are two terms that cover
Disclosures on these non - financial the 2Rs as it applies to
matters are done through organizations. 2Rs refer to the
sustainability reporting (also following:
known as EESG (economic,
environmental, social and Resources: the wise use and
governance) reporting, non-financial management of economic and natural
reporting, or triple bottom line resources
accounting) which is a central Respect: respect for people a nd
element of modern corporate other living things.
reporting that includes strategy,
governance and performance. There are other terms related to
sustainability. This includes
Brief History of Sustainability corporate social responsibility
Before we are going to dwell with (CSR}, organizational social
the intricacies of sustainability, responsibility (OSR}, social
let us go down on some history responsibility, corporate
of sustainability down the me mory responsibility; corporate social
la ne. The concept -really a blend investment, corporate citizenship,
of concepts -first emerged in global corporate citizenship, and
Stockholm during the 1972 U.N. sustainable growth are sometimes
Conference on the Human Environment. used to mean the same thing.
There, industrialized and developing
nations debated which was more While sustainability, as we have
important: environmental protection seen, originated from a concern
or economic development. In the late about the balance between the
1970s and the decade thereafter, environment and economics, the terms
 Sustainability and Strategic Audit
related to the
responsibility and citizenship have different SDGs:
generally sprung from the tradition
of corporate philanthropy. Corporate
philanthropy is the act of a
corporation or business promoting
the welfare of others, generally
through charitable donations of
funds or time.

COMPONENTS OF SUSTAINABILITY

GLOBAL REPORTING INTIATIVE (GRI)

STANDARDS
The GRI Standards create a common
language for organizations - large
or small, private or public - to
report on their sustainability
impacts in a consistent and credible
way. This enhances global
comparability and enables
organizations to be transparent and
accountable. The Standards help
organizations understand and
disclose their impacts in a way that
meets the needs of multiple
stakeholders. In addition to
reporting companies, the Standards
With the image above, we can
are highly relevant to many other
construe that sustainability is
groups, including investors,
easier said than done. You cannot
policymakers, capital market, and
attain sustainability if you will
civil society.
not be able to follows all the
concepts of economic, social and
SUSTAINABILITY ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
environmental standards. So, what
BOARD (SB) STANDARDS
standard do we need to meet in order
SASS Standards identify the subset
to achieve sustainability? Here are
of environmental, social, and
some standards followed
governance (ESG) issues most
internationally and in the
relevant to financial performance in
Philippines. We will discuss deeper
each of 77 industries. SASS also
these standards on the succeeding
provides education and other
modules.
resources that advance the use and
understanding of its Standards.
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGs)
International Organization for
According to the United Nations, the
Standardization Sustainability
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Standards
or Global Goals are a collection of
ISO standards enable businesses to
17 interlinked goals designed to be
plan their future growth around
a "blueprint to achieve a better and
meeting consumer expectations. They
more sustainable future for all".
enable transparency about products
The SDGs were set in 2015 by the
and best practices for limiting
United Nations General Assembly and
their impacts.
are intended to be achieved by the
Securities and Exchange Commission
year 2030. They are included in a UN
(SEC) Memorandum Circular No. 4
Resolution called the 2030 Agenda or
series o f2019
what is colloquially known as Agenda
2030. Below is an image depicting
 Sustainability and Strategic Audit
- This MC is
given by the SEC to Publicly Listed
Companies (PLCs) in the Philippines
to promote sustainability
reporting.
-The Commission, in its en bane
meeting on 12 February 2019,
resolved to issue the Sustainability
Reporting Guidelines for Publicly-
Listed Companies attached to this
Memorandum Circular. The Guidelines
is intended to help PLCs assess
and manage non-financial
performance across Economic,
Environmental and Social aspects of
their organization and enable PLCs
to measure and monitor their
contributions towards achieving
universal targets of
sustainability, such as the
United Nations Sustainable
Development Goals, as well as
national policies and programs, such
as AmBisyon Natin 2040

SUSTAINABILITY AND RISK MANAGEMENT

Risk management offers a systematic
approach towards the management of a
company's ESG performance and its
impact on the SDGs. It allows
directors and executives to embed
the management of their companies'
sustainability-related priorities in
their business models and value
chains.

Sustainability risk is a newly

emerging risk area and one of the
critical risk areas of the twenty-
first century. Ln dealing with
sustainability risk, sustainability
risk management (SRM) is emerging as
a business strategy that aligns
profit goals with internal green
strategies and policies. Such
policies seek to decrease negative
environmental impact by reducing use
of natural resources and decreasing
carbon emissions, toxic substances,
and by-products . The goal of SRM is
to make this alignment efficient
enough to sustain and grow a
business while still preserving the
environment.
 Sustainability and Strategic Audit

Introduction to Sustainability: A Global

Perspective
 Sustainability can be considered as also, seeks a way to utilize these
a broad discipline that provides resources in a continuous as well
students and graduates some as perpetual way.
insights about most of the aspects  Horbach(2005) and Dempsey(2011):
of the human world from business to Sustainability is considered as the
technology to environment and union of three types of interest at
social science. the same time and in balance:
 In a number of corporate jobs at the ENVIRONMENTAL, ECONOMIC and SOCIAL
graduate level and over, ASPECTS.
sustainability skills and  QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION—required by
environmental awareness is a sustainability in order to quantify
priority, as businesses seek to or measure the level or quality of
adhere to new legislation. a system. This measurement can be
 Sustainability attempts to link made by using indicators and
social science along with civic indexes, among other modalities.
engineering and environmental  EVALUATION—operated by using
science along with the technology indicators and/or indexes, and are
of the future. results from quantitative
ORIGINATION information, and furthermore,
enables the establishment of
 “Nachhaltend” or “Nachhaltig” objectives or goals to be reach
(longetivity)- German Expression through long term strategies.
 “durabilité” (durability)—French  SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT-a
 Duurzamheid/Duurzam (sustainable)— sustainable society is one which
Dutch can provide satisfaction regarding
their need without even
 “sustinere”(sustainable)—Latin
compromising the chances of
 The word “sustainable” was included survival of future generation.
in the dictionary of English
 Brundtland Report in 1987: “one
Language and occurred in 1987. As
which meets the needs of the
such, from 1713 to 1987, the idea
present and simultaneously, the
of sustainable was used in a number
ability of the future generations
of publications and discussions,
is not compromised in order to meet
but without having a consistent
their own needs”
conceptualization of its meaning.
CONNECTION BETWEEN SUSTAINABILITY
 The terms sustainable can be AND SD
conceptualized as a basis, also as
 Sustainability encompasses systems
an umbrella term, which provides
and the SD focuses on human needs
support and further, includes the
and their well-being.
idea of sustainability and
sustainable development (SD),  Human beings are part of a complex
having the worry about the future web that is the web of natural
existence of natural resources in phenomena inserted in a single
order to support the continuation global system.
of human life as its foundation.  Hove (2004): SD is the key to
 Sustainability reflects a solution achieve sustainability an
to the shortage of natural sustainability is the goal which is
resources because antiquity, final as well as long term.
further consolidating itself  Sustainability contains a goal or
throughout the human culture and parameter (final objective) which
is defined by considering the
 Sustainability and Strategic Audit
scientific having
criteria thatmeasures and tracks environmental concerns
the results generated by the use of  Alan Atkinson: an ideal end-state.
strategies of SD.
 Gaussin(2013): Sustainability and SD THREE PILLARS OF SUSTAINABILITY
aims to leave a capital reserve to
future generations at least  Holistic thinking is very important
analogous to the one the current in order to build a sustainable
generation has receive as legacy environment. It is believed that
from previous generations. sustainability can be broken into
 Two Antagonistic Ideals: Capitalism “three pillars of sustainability”
vs. Ecology o Environmental (Plant)
 SD brings two antagonistic ideals o Social (People)
into one common goal in order to o Economic (Profit)
improve quality of the ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY
system(sustainability)  Relates to the form, the materials,
DEFINITIONS OF SUSTAINABILITY and the systems in relation to the
 University Leadership for building and the site.
Sustainable Future (in  Each and every building material
Sustainability Assessment comes with environmental cost. The
Questionnaire): critical activities analysis and selection of materials
of a higher education institution is done carefully, and the way they
are ecologically sound, socially are combined, and this can bring
just and economically viable and considerable improvements to the
they will continue to be so for the comfort of your home.
upcoming future generation. SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY
 Anthony D. Cortese and Debra Rowe  Considering the case of housing,
(in “Higher Education and this refers to the creation of
Sustainability Overview”): a vision inclusive, secure as well as
for the world in which current as healthy communities, which are
well as future humans are well-integrated into wider urban
reasonably healthy; communities and systems.
nations feel secure and are  Takes into account the cultural
peaceful and thriving; there is an values, norms and traditions, as
economic opportunity for all of the well as lifestyles and behaviors of
people. the people who visit, in order to
 Clough, G. Wayne, Jean-Lou Chameau, plan their needs such as
and Carol Carmichael: a process transportation, services and social
that helps create a vibrant economy interaction.
and high quality of life, while  The antithesis of social
respecting the need to sustain responsibility is mainly considered
natural resources and protect the with the development of individual
environment. It expresses the dwellings in subdivisions at the
principle that future generations edge of a city. This is said to be
should live in a world that the an outer suburban model that
present generation has enjoyed but produces an apparently lower cost
not diminished” of housing, in such areas which are
 Wikipedia (2006): a systematic under-resourced with
concept, which relates to the infrastructure, and with less or no
continuity of economic, social, reliable access to public
institutional and environmental transport.
aspects of human society.  The contribution can be done by
 Rolf Jucker : achieved when all built environment to a more equal,
people on earth can live well inclusive as well as cohesive
without compromising the quality of society if in case, the places
life for future generations where we live, the facilities we
 John B. Cobb Jr.: arose from those use, and our neighborhoods and
 Sustainability and Strategic Audit
meeting
places are designed to be
accessible and also, inclusive. INTEGRATION
 Considering an individual house  An integrated approach refers to the
level, designing for change and process of decision making at all
flexibility in the home can be done levels which should include
by implementing universal design consideration of a broad range of
elements. This will allow your home environmental, social and economic
to change with you. effects.
ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY  Integration includes the development
of organizational processes that
 This pillar is said to be the very further allow such sort of impacts
fine balance in between cost and to be easily seen and considered
true value. across council departments prior to
 There is a lot of questions which making any kind of decision.
need to be asked: COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT
o Cost of construction vs,  From early stages through
Extensive Project implementation of a project, a
Requirements cooperative council/community
o Maintenance cost of approach allows for resource
Sustainable Materials vs sharing, and fosters a supportive
Material Longevity as well as active community that
o Conflict of Project Size perceived itself as owning both,
vs Ability to Build Home the problems and the solutions.
 During process of designing  In a number of local authority
construction, factors such as programs, the effectiveness of
building size and materials are this approach is already
required to be considered in terms recognized such as those of waste
of their cost effectiveness. minimization or greenhouse gas
 Using local or recycled materials emission reduction. Community
can lower cost and further lead to involvement is also very important
cost efficiency for long-term. in order to monitor the state of
 The ongoing maintenance costs are the environment.
considered as an important factor. PRECAUTIONARY BEHAVIOR
If there is a building which has  Precautionary behavior requires
been designed keeping in mind consideration of possible adverse
sustainability i.e., using passive environmental effects of planning,
design elements as well as policy and practice in careful
sustainable materials, fixtures and manner
fittings such as solar panels and  Precautionary behavior implies a
dual-flush toilets, then it should conservation ethic within the
have lower ongoing maintenance environmental planning and
costs because reliability will be management frameworks of the
reduced on artificial light or councils in order to guard against
internal climate control. future environmental degradation.
KEY PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABILITY EQUITY WITHIN AND BETWEEN GENERATIONS
 Fairness as well as equal access to
 As per Cotter and Hannan (1999): the opportunities both, in our
There are some key principles of lifetimes and also, for future
sustainability: generations.
o Integration  This notion of equity expresses the
o Community Involvement importance of maintaining both
o Precautionary Behavior ecological integrity as well as
o Equity Within and Between the resources of the Earth so as
Generations to provide for a certain quality
o Continual Improvement of life.
o Ecological Integrity CONTINUAL IMPROVEMENT
 Sustainability and Strategic Audit
 The  3Rs is
environmental situation when considered as a mantra which has
degrades then that means there is been around for decades, but its
an imperative to take action in longevity can be the proof of its
order to become more sustainable truth.
and to make improvements  Reducing Waste- Using cloth towels
continuously. and diapers and not disposable
 However, the change will not occur versions, filtered instead of
all at once, it is that to make bottled packed water
improvements continuously, while  Reuse- Using a tire as a planter for
making the most of advances in garden
technology as well as scientific  Recycling-(last resort) Send the
understanding about what is materials to landfill
sustainable, and of increases in

community awareness of MAKE WISE PURCHASING DECISIONS
sustainability issues.
 The products we buy and choose to
ECOLOGICAL INTEGRITY
use can also make their contribution
 The ecological integrity requires to a sustainable lifestyle or
the protection of biological detract from it:
diversity and maintenance of o Chemicals used to clean a
importance ecological processes and bathroom vs. Environment-
systems which support life. When friendly or homemade cleaners
the interdependence of all parts of
 Note that sustainability is not
the natural environment is
just about the natural environment
recognized, then it can be said
but also the human quality of life.
that nothing is separate from it,
the protection of the natural  When you purchase something, which
environment in its diverse forms is is a bit more expensive, but are
important because there is a heavy made under certain conditions which
dependence on it. are sustainable from not only an
environmental but also, from a
 There can be significantly different
social standpoint, then that is
perspectives of urban, rural and
often a better choice and it is
coastal counties in preserving
probably much more economical that
ecological integrity in their own
you realize, since such goods last
region. And they can further
longer.
include maintenance and enhancement
GROW YOUR OWN FOOD
of vegetation, waterways, coasts
and wildlife corridors and also,  Contribute to the local ecosystem:
soil, water and air quality o Community Garden
 You can feel more connected with
SUSTAINABILITY IN THE HOME: AN the environment by growing your
OVERVIEW own food and this can also
encourage you to improve
 It is becoming very clear that sustainability in some other ways
living life sustainably is not like starting your own compost
something that people should do for pile and purchasing less food
a better environment. It is which has to be trucked from
something that people should do to distance locations.
preserve the qualities and values
of life on this planet. With so
many positive changes that can be
made in the world, starting from
home is one of the most significant
things that people can do:
o Reduce Reuse Recycle (3Rs)
o Make Wise Purchasing Decisions
o Grow Your Own Food
REDUCE REUSE AND RECYCLE
 Sustainability and Strategic Audit

Sustainable Development: Goals and Objectives

resources
 Weak sustainability: “it does not
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: matter whether that current
DEFINITION AND PRINCIPLES generation uses up non-renewable
 Sustainable development is a kind of resources or dumps CO2 in the
development that meets the needs or atmosphere as long as enough
requirements of the present machineries, roads and ports are
generation without compromising built in compensation”
with the capability of future  Strong sustainability: “Today’s
generations in order to meet their generation cannot ask future
needs or requirements. generations to breathe polluted
o Intergenerational Equity air in exchange for a greater
o Inclusive SD: Long-term capacity to produce goods and
Stability of Environmental and services. That would restrict the
Economics freedom of future generations to
o Major Issue: Substitutability choose clean air over more good
of Capital. and services.”
Main differences between weak and  Polluter Pays Principle: The
strong sustainability
government needs polluting
Strong Weak
sustainability Sustainabilit
entities so that they can easily
y bear the costs of pollution
Key Idea The Natural instead of imposing those costs on
substitutabili capital and the environment or on others.
ty of natural other types  Precautionary Principle: Where
capital by of capitals there are chances or dangers of
other types of (manufactured irreversible or serious damage,
capital is etc.) are lack of complete scientific
severely perfectly
certainty shall not be utilized as
limited substitutable
a cause of postponing cost-
Conseque Certain human Technological
nces actions can innovation effective measure in order to
entail and monetary prevent the environmental
irreversible compensation degradation (Rio Declaration,
th
consequences for Principle 15 )
environmental Two Views: Ecologist versus Economist
degradation  Ecologist: Natural resources have such
Sustaina Conserving the The total a great value that goes much beyond
bility irreplaceable value of the their productive use and also, that
issue stocks of aggregate cannot be replaced by other forms of
critical stock of capital.
natural capital  Economist: The natural resources can
capital for should be at be effectively consumed and replaced
the sake of least by different forms of capital, as long
future maintained or as the capacity of production is
generation ideally maintained.
increased for o Compensatory Investments re
future Ethically Unfeasible and
generation Indefensible
Key Critical Optimal HISTORY
concept natural allocation of  SD was initially introduced in the
capital scarce field of forestry- comprised of
 Sustainability and Strategic Audit
certain  Concept
measures that harvesting and of Needs- Redistribution of resources
afforestation of interconnected so as to ensure the quality of life
forests that should not challenge the for all
biological renewal of forests.  Concept of Future Generations-
 United Nations (UN) Possibility of long-term usage of
o Founded in 1945|N.Y. Headquarter| resources in order to ensure the
+190 Member States essential quality of life for future
o Main Goal: Maintain the peace and generations.
security globally: GLOBAL OBJECTIVES
 Protect Human Rights and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Freedom  Adopted by end of September 2015 and
 Promote SD, International valid until 2030
Law, Mutual Tolerance and  17 Goals with 169 Provisional
Cooperation Objectives
 Decrease Poverty  Universal=Applicable to low-income
Facts-United Nations (UN) and high-income
 United Nations Division for SD  $4,500B cost of funding annually
(UNDSD) - promotes and coordinates
the successful implementation of SD,  To attain goals by 2030, every
mainly in the field of international individuals—institutions, private
and intergenerational cooperation. companies, states, civil society
organizations and the international
 Global Network of Sustainable community- must take responsibility
Development (GNSD) – geared to attain GLOBAL OBJECTIVES
the Millennium Development Goals
( MDGs) 1. NO POVERTY
 [1980] International Union of  [2013] 385 million children
Conservation on Nature (IUNC) – set survived on less than US $1.90 a
idea of associating economics and the day (P105/day)
environment over the concept of SD
 97% of countries do not have
 [1983] UN World Commission on sufficient data to determine state
Environment and Development (WCED) – of poor children
Established to develop global change
program.  63% countries do not have any
o Intended to increase concern data n child poverty at all
and awareness about the adverse  [2000-2015] World committed to
impact of socio-economic reduce the number of people living
development on the natural in poverty to exactly half by the
resources and environment. year of 2015 and was successfully
 [1987] Commission of 19 delegates achieved.
from 18 countries, led by Gro Harlem 2. ZERO HUNGER
Brundtland (Former Norweigian Prime  Deals with eradication of hunger,
Minister) publish a report “Our achieving food safety, improving
Common Future” the diet and encouraging
 [1992] Earth Summit or Rio Conference sustainable agriculture.
was held in Rio de Janeiro in  Pathways to achieve:
celebration of the 20th anniversary o Agriculture-led
in Stockhold o Social Protection- and
 Agenda 21- Universal program with the nutrition intervention-led
aims and objectives of SD, and action o A combination of both
plans and resources for their  Doing certain things such as
effective execution set in 40 encouraging sustainable
chapters. agriculture and supporting farmers
o It also emphasizes the of small-scale can aid to
significance of educational eradicate hunger
programs of SD awareness 3. GOOD HEALTH AND WELL-BEING
 From these central activities and  Fundamentally aims to decrease
documents, the three major elements maternal death by almost 70% per
of the concept were identified as: 100,000 live births.
 Concept of Development- Socio- o Maternal mortality ratio
Economic development in line with decreased by 37% between
ecological constraints 2000 to 2015
o 303,000 maternal deaths
 Sustainability and Strategic Audit
globally in 2015 treatment technologies
 Health affects everything- How 7. AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY
people enjoy their lives to  Ensure easy access to reliable,
performing well at work affordable and sustainable energy
 Make access to safe and effective for each and every individual.
vaccines and medicines  As of 2017, just 57% of global
 Approximately 6 million children population depends on clean fuels
die before turning five as well as technology, falling
 AIDs- main cause of death in sub- short of 95% target.
Saharan Africa  From 1990 to 2010, number of
4. QUALITY EDUCATION people having access to
 Ensure fair and comprehensive electricity raised by 1.7 Billion
education of good quality  As population increases, more
 Promote lifelong learning for people will need cheap energy to
every individual light up their homes, use
computers and phone, etc.
 103 million youths globally lack
basic skills of literacy, 60% are  GHG Emissions and fossil fuels
females provoke climate change
 More than half of children fail to  People should become more energy-
meet minimum proficiency standards efficient and invest in energy
in math at the end of primary sources like wind and solar power.
school in 1 in 4 countries 8. DECENT WORK AND ECONOMIC GROWTH
 Armed conflict, poverty, and other  Promote inclusive, continuous and
emergencies provoke it sustainable economic growth,
decent work by everyone and full
 Kids from poor households are 4x
and productive employment
not likely to go to school
5. GENDER EQUALITY  Target: Decrease the unemployment
of youths and operationalize a
 Attain gender equality and make
universal strategy for youth
the position of girls and women
unemployment
more strong
 Implementation of the Global Jobs
 [2014] 143 countries assured
Pact of the International Labor
gender equality in their
Organization(ILO)
constitution
 Best Part: Middles class is
 Huge inequalities in terms of
growing globally
unpaid work in domestic work,
child care and in terms of public  Forced Labor, human trafficking
decision making and slavery can be eliminated.
9. INDUSTRY, INNOVATION AND
 There are more girls in school now
INFRASTRUCTURE
 SDGs intent to build on such
achievements so as to guarantee
 Make strong infrastructure,
that there is an end to
promote innovation and,
discrimination towards girls and
sustainable and inclusive
women.
industrialization
6. CLEAN WATER AND SANITATION
 Technological progress aids people
 Ensuring easy access to water and
to address global challenges like
sustainable management of
becoming energy efficient and
sanitation for everyone.
creating more employment
 6 in 10 people lack safe
 More connected > more benefit from
sanitation services
contributions and wisdom of people
 3 in 10 lacks safe water services living on earth
 2030 Major Goal: Everybody must  4 Billion still have no means of
have access to affordable an safe getting online
drinking water
 Promoting sustainable industries,
 If not addressed by 2050, at least bridging the digital divide, and
1 in 4 people is likely to be investing in scientific research
affected by frequent water and innovation- ways of
shortages facilitating sustainable
 New pathways: international development
cooperation, protecting wetlands 10. REDUCED INEQUALITY
and rivers, sharing water-
 Sustainability and Strategic Audit

Decrease disparities within and overexploited
between countries (Duty free  Oceans= absorbed 30% CO2 by
treatments) humans. Note Higher CO2
 [2015] 65% of products from least production= Acidic Ocean (26%
developed countries were duty-free more) since industrial revolution
vs. 41% in 2005  13,000 plastic litters per square
 Develop opportunities for all meter of ocean
 Improve markets and financial 15. LIFE ON LAND
institutions’’ regulations, send
development assistance and help 16. PEACE AND JUSTICE AND STRONG
more people to migrate safely to INSTITUTIONS
pursue different opportunities.  Encourage inclusive and peace
11. SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND COMMUNITIES communities, offer access to
justice and build responsible,
12. RESPONSIBLE CONSUMPTION AND effective and comprehensive
PRODUCTION
institutions at all levels
 Ensure sustainable patterns of
production as well as consumption  [2017] UN reported improvements in
o Using eco-friendly methods identifying victims of trafficking
and decreasing waste  Number of sexual exploitation
generated decreased but forced labor
 Resources are consumed whilst increased
conserving or protecting natural
resources. But how to?  Other countries are affected by
o Cut of per capita food waste armed conflict, torture, crime and
in half globally exploitation which hampers
o Encourage 3Rs for businesses development
and consumers  Key Aim: Decrease all kinds of
o Support nations that do not
violence and propose that
typically consumed much to
move towards a more liable government and communities find
pattern of consumption eternal solutions to insecurity
13. CLIMATE ACTION and conflict
 Taking urgent action to deal with o Support Rule of Law, Flow of
climate change and its adverse Illegal Arms
effect 17. PARTNERSHIP TO ACHIEVE THE GOAL
 On average, annual losses from  Build up tools of implementation
tsunamis, earthquakes, floods and
and revive the global partnership
tropical cyclones count into
hundreds and billions of dollars.  Development of multi-stakeholder
 Loss of life and property can be partnerships to share expertise,
reduced by supporting regions that knowledge, technology, financial
are vulnerable like land-locked support etc.
countries and island states that  Public-Private Partnership that
become resilient.
comprise civil societies
 With technological measures and
political will, so as restrict
INDICATORS AND VALUES OF SUSTAINABLE
two-degree celcius global
temperature rise above pre- DEVELOPMENT
industrial levels.
14. LIFE BELOW WATER INDICATORS DEFINING SD
 Preserve an make sustainable use
of lakes, seas and marine  How is it measured?
resources o Global coverage thru Regional or
 Improvement of Ocean > Source of National Data UN Commission on
Income and Healthy Food SD, Wellbeing Index,
 Clean oceans and beaches > Attach Consultative Group on SD
tourism > Employment Indicators, Global Scenario
 3 billion people depend on coastal Group, and the Ecological
and marine diversity Footprint, Environmental
 1/3 total fish stocks are now Sustainability Index
 Sustainability and Strategic Audit
o
Country Slides: [US} Genuine declaration to consolidate
Progress Indicator and the and extend relevant legal
Interagency Working Group on SD principles, create new norms
Indicators; [Costa Rica] System to maintain livelihood and
Indicators for SD life on planet and guide
o City Study: Boston Indicators state behavior in transition
Projects to SD.
o Global Yet Focused on Indicators  [1994] Earth Charter Initiative
of Unsustainability: State was launched
Failure Task Force o Comprised most participatory
o Focused on Corporate and Non- and open process of
Governmental Entities: Global consultation even conducted.
Reporting Initiative Numerous people and
 These indicators reflect the organizations participated.
characteristic malleability of SD o Earth Charter was released
and the internal politics of the in 2000, endorsed by > 14000
measurement efforts. In several people and organizations.
cases, the initiative is mainly o Values are derived from
undertaken by different set of international law,
stakeholders: contemporary science,
o UN Commission on SD: teachings of indigenous
Countries Negotiating how to people and global ethics
calculate comparative movement, wisdom of world’s
progress towards SD. great religions and
o Boston’s Indicator’s philosophical traditions,
Project- Community members nongovernmental declarations
with the difference in and people’s treaties issued
opinions about desirable over past 30 years.
aims, goals, policies,
investment priorities for STRENGTH AND WEAKNESSES
the future, etc.
STRENGTHS
o Global Reporting Initiative-
 Very simple definition of
investors, corporations,
Principle Objectives: Meeting
civil society groups and current needs and requirements
regulatory agencies, along with the sustainability
discussing about how to requirements
account for effective  Repetto express SD as an
corporate actions that influential tool for consensus:
affect SD.  SD has tree bases:
o Consensus on Ethical
VALUED: MODE OF DEFINING SD Principles
o Scientific Realities
 Millennium Declaration o Considerations of Long-Term
Self-Interest
o Specific Goals- Expressed
 Pragmatic Self-Interest- as much
set of essential values
an ethical value judgment as the
observed as very significant feeling of unfairness over poverty
for international relation: or intergenerational disparity
equality, freedom, while scientific reality is not.
solidarity, tolerance, SD has become a group of neat fixes:
shared responsibility and  Technological Change that
respect for nature. eventually make industrial
o Initially adopted by UN production process less polluting
and resource-intensive
Assembly.
 Economic Policy Changes-
o Answers call of WCED for environmental considerations while
development of universal attaining economic growth.
 Sustainability and Strategic Audit

Procedural Changes- make use of local
NGOs in order to ensure grassroots
participation; agriculture that is
harmless, not resource-intensive
yet productive
WEAKNESSES
 Rejection of the idea the
environmental conservation limits
the development.
 Suffers in its conceptualization
of the development objectives,
sustainability and participation,
classification of poverty issues
as well as environmental
degradation and strategy it
adopted in terms of incomplete
uncertainty and knowledge.
 The recommended solutions have
been mainly techno-economic ones:
o Not so exact technical know-
how and managerial
capabilities, pricing and
subsidy policies and common
poverty resource management
has been the key themes
addressed.
 Much keep social-political changes
like land reform or changes in
cultural values like
overconsumption pattern in North
are either ignored or paid lip-
service
 The intellectual discourse
requires to initiate with an
acknowledgement that the scenario
actually holds in all cases and
the proceed further to develop
analytical model in order to aid
estimate the relative significance
of each causal factor in
particular case and recognize
means and scope required for
change.