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 Contents
Algebra and Statistics \"/ @
2*l=4

Unit One : Factorization.

Unit Two : Non-negative and

negative integer
powers in IR u
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Unit Three : ProbabilitY. il.
tu

Unit Four : Areas.

Unit Five : Similarity, converse

of Pythagoras'theorem
and Euclidean theorem
 First Algebra and Statistics

unit I Factorization. I

Non-negative and negative integer

Un n2
unit3 Probability. Oo

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Factorization

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I Lessons of the unit :

Revision
On factorization by taking out the highest common factor (H.C.F.)

1. Factorizing quadratic trinomial in the form : x2 +bx +c

2' Factorizingquadratictrinomial intheform:ax2 +bx+ c:wherea + t 1

3. Factorizing the perfect square trinomials.

4' Factorizing the difference of two squares.

5, Factorizing the sum and difference of two cubes.

6. Factorizing by grouping.
7. Factorizing by completing the square.
8. Solring quadratic equations in one variable algebraically.
9. Applications on solving quadratic equations in one variable algebraically.

I Unit objectives:
By the end of this unit, student should be able to :

. recognize the concept of factorizingthe algebraic expression.

. factorize a trinomial perfectly.
o recognize the perfect square trinomial.
. factorize the perfect square trinomial perfectly.
. factorize the difference of two squares perfectly.
. use the difference of two squares to facilitate finding the results
of some mathematical operations.
. factorize the sum and difference of two cubes perfectly.
. factorize by grouping.
. factorize by completing the square.
. use factorization to solve a quadratic equation in one variable.
. use equations to solve some word problems.
 Revisioll on factorization by taking out
the highest common factor (H.C.F.)

g nem ember that

. Factorizing any number means to write it as a product of two factors or more.
,
1x 16 or 3 or
,.a--'
Forexample: i:16_'i= (t6.,;=2 r i10..:= -2x-8
.--:. .:::. .:::'
ori:1.6.'i =4x4 or (10.)= 2x2x4 or i1O.)= 2x2x2x2
. Also factorizing the algebraic expression means to write it as a product of two factors
or more.

How to factorize an expression hy taking out the (H.C.F.) :

@ D"t"r-ine the H.C.F. of the terms of the algebraic expression.

@ frt the H.C.F. out of two arcs.
@ OlriO" each term of the algebraic expression by the H.C.F. and put the quotients inside
the arcs.

Example Factorize each of the following by taking out the highest common
factor:
15a+15b 2 70Xy-8Xz
3 12x2-4xy 4 3x2y+2Xy2-Xy

--l
Solution 1
,
...
H.C.F. = 5

H.C.F. = 2 X
,--€---\,O
5a+15b=5(a+3b)
vv
-8 Xz=2X(5y -42)
l0 Xy
I 3 H.C.F. = 4 X 12X2-4Xy=4X(3X_ y)
I
4 H.C.F. - Xy 3 X2 y +2 Xy2 - Xy = Xy (3 X+ 2y - l)

10
 Revision

Exqmplq lf a (X+ y) - b (X + y) = 18 and X * y = 3, then find the value of : a - b

I
Solution '.'a(X+y)-b(X+y)=18
.'. (X + y) (a - b) = 18 <<factotizing by taking out the H.C.F.>

t'.'X*Y=3 Notice thqt :

The H.C.F. may be
:.3(a-b)=18 an algebr aic expres sion.
...a_b=f=6
Another solution :
'.'a(X+y)-b(X+y)=18
SubstitutingbyX*y=3:
.'.3a-3b=18
.'. 3 (a 18
- b) = <<factorizing by taking out the H.C.F.>

.'.a-b=4=6
3

Factorize each of the following by taking out the highest common factor :

@za3+6*-+a
E E X2 + 15 xz+21 xy2 @ fx-, x2 + (x- 5)y2

At the end

(rt+ rx)G-fl@, L+z S +x)x Eg

t::,ii',ll$l (Z-e t+
Qf,
(K L+N TE
"e)e7@
/ gestnol nq tu1 p f,

11
 Facto rizing q uad ratic tri nom ia I
intheform:.x2+bx+c

Prelude
The trinomial is an algebraic expression consisting of three terms.
For example: each of the expressions: x2 +6 X+ 8 and X2 +2X- 8 is called a trinomial.

tl vou know that : (x + 2) (x + 4) = x2 + 6x+ 8

and we notice from the expression X2 + 6 X + 8 that :

The last term The coefficient ofX

equals (+ 8) equals (+ 6)

x2+6 x+8
I

It is the product It is the sum

Y....
ot(+2),(+4) ot(+2) ,G 4)

fl vo, know that : (x - 2) (x + 4) = x2 + 2x_ t

and we notice from the expression X2 + 2X- 8 that :

The last term The coefficient of X

equals (- 8) equals (+ !,)
It is the product x2 +2 x-B l
It is the sum
Y..
ot (-2) , (+ 4) ot (-Z) , (+ 4)

12
 Lesson One

Factorizing the trinomial in the form X2 + b X + c

To factorize the trinomial X2 + 6 X* 8 : do as follows :

. Write two pairs of arcs (parentheses) to express the operation of multiplication as

follows:( )( )
. Factorize : X2 to X x Xand write them inside the ))JJ)JJ))))) ) _) _.).! )-.] l

two parentheses as follows : (X ) (X )

The product -8 The sum
. Search for two numbers whose product is 8 and their +lr+8 +9
sum is 6 performing some trials as in the opposite table -l'-8 -9
r ]ou will get that the two numbers are':.'i z';anO ,i 4) -2,-4 -6
r then write them inside the parentheses as :
:.t Q.:
(x+2) (x+ 4)

i.e. x2+6X+8 =(x+Z)(x+4) I

To factorize the trinomial X2 + 2 X-8 r do as follows :

. Factorrze x2 to X x X )JJ)))J)))JJJ))))))

. Search for two numbers whose product is (- 8)

The product=-8 The sum
and their sum is (+ 2) performing some trials as -lr+$ +7
in the opposite-13ble , you_will get that the two + lr-8 -7
numbers arei,-2.':and l'+ 4.)
'..! 2'.'
rthen X2 +2X-8 = (X-2) (X+ 4) I

+2r-4 -2
Generallg
Factorizing the trinomial which is in the form : Xz +b X+ cis to write it as the product
of two factors such that :
. The flrst term in each factor is X
. The two other terms in the two factors are two numbers whose product is c which is the last
term in the trinomial and their sum is b which is the coefflcient of X in the trinomial.

I e*a*ples for factorizing the trinomial in the form : x2 + b X + c

To factorize the expression : X2 + 5 X+ 6 Notice thot
Search for two numbers : '.' The product is positive
whose product = l*;._6.f and their SUrn = i.i.B..j and the sum is positive.
you will get that the two numbers are i.+./.'; and i+_3) .'. The two numbers are
positive together.
, then X2+5X+6=(X+2)(X+3)
13
 ZT
To factorize the expression : X2 - 5X+6
Search for two numbers
'.' The product is positive
:

and the sum is negative

whose product = i.;.6.j and their SUn = i.-.!..j
.'. The two numbers are
you will get that the two numbers arci.-Z,'iand i--3,) negative together.

,rhen x2-5x+6=(x-2)(x-3) .

To factorize the expression : X2 + 5 X - 6 '.' The product is negative

.'. The two numbers have
Search for two numbers :
different signs
whose product = l.-.6,.]and their SUm = i.-t._$..i '.' The sum is positive
.'. The great number
you will get that the two numbers ur" (.*6,) *O i'-i'l
numerically is positive
rthen X2 +5 X-6=(X+6)(X-1)' and the other is negative.

To factorize the expression : X2 - 5 X- 6

'.' The product is negative
Search for two numbers :
.'. The two numbers have
whose product = l.- 6.]and their SUm = i.-_s.j different signs.
'.' The sum is negative
you will get that the two numbers uni.'-6")*a i*i') .'. The great number
,then x2 -5 x-6=(x-6) (x+ 1) numerically is negative
and the other is positive.

From the previous examples , notice that

When you factorize the trinomial : X2 +b X+c in the form (X + L) W+ m) r then :

1 If c is positive i.e. The product of the two numbers is positive

r then L and, mhave the same sign as b

2 If c is negative i.e. The product of the two numbers is negative

: then L and, mhave different signs such that the great one (numerically) has the same
sign as b

Ia Remarh
Before factorizing the trinomial r you must do the following :
. Arrange the terms of the expression descendingly or ascendingly according to the
indices (exponents) of one of the given algebraic symbols. It is better to be descending.
. Take out the H.C.F. of the terms of the expression.
. Perform operations included in arcs and simplify the algebraic expression.

14
 Lesson One

Exomple Factorize each of the following :

I x2+56-15X 2 x2+Xy-12y2
3 3a3+9a2-l2oa 4 m(m+7)-18
5 x4-3x2y-10y2

Solution L Anange the terms of the expression descendingly according to the

powers of X before factorizing.
.'. x2 + 56 - 15 x= x2 - 15 x+ 56 You can check
your solution
=(x_7)(x_8) by multiplying
,,
x2 + xy - tzy2 = (x- 3 y) (x + 4 y) the two factors
3 Take out the H.C.F. of the torms of the to get the main
expression.
expression before factorizing
'.'H.C.F.=3a
.'. 3 a3 +9* - 120 a= 3 a (a2 + 3 a- 40) = 3 a (a+ 8) (a- 5)
At first remove arcs before factorizing.
.'. m (m +7)- 18 = m2 +7 m- 18 = (m + 9) (m-2)
x4 - 3 x2 y - 10 y2 - (x2 - 5 y) (x2 + 2y)
(Notice that : X4 is factorrzedtobe X2 x X2)

Factorize each of the following :

@ x'+7 x+ lO @ x'-6xy+8yz

*T tt -30+x2+13x @zx2-48+18x

Find the values of b which make each of the following expressions can
be factorized :
1x2+bx+10 2 x2+bx-12
Solution 1 To make the expression: X2 +b X+ 10 can be factortzed : b should be
---] the sum of two numbers whose product = 10
(Notice that the two numbers have the same sign because their product
is positive)
I

Therefore you search for the pairs of numbers whose product of each = 10
! r r- -- 'i a 'i i -r,
-
I
:thenyouget:i 1 r 10 lrl - r- 10 i:i
1 2 t5 iri -2 r-5 i

15
 ZT
Then you get the sum of numbers of each pair to get : 11 t - Il tJ ; -'7
which are the possible values of b
2 To make the expression: X2 +b X- 12 canbefactortzed : b should be
the sum of two numbers whose product = - 12
(Notice that the two numbers have different signs because their product is
negative)
Therefore you search for the pairs of numbers such that the product of
each two numbers = - 12 : then you get :
r"l i 'l
i! : _!2_ .)'i. : t-
?!2_ t'
t' 'l l' 'l

i. ?::9 )'i --2-?6 i'

i'r,"",
i.?:--! i'i --3-:1
j

*'fl
Then you get the sum of numbers of each pair to get :

-ll tll t-4 t4 t -7 t lwhicharethepossiblevaluesof b

Find a positive value and a negative value for the number c such that
the expression : x2 - 6 X* c can be factorized.

Solution . To find a positive value for c

You search for two negative numbers whose sum is - 6 : then c is their
product as:-Zand-4
.'. c= -Zx-4=8 (Thereareother solutions)
. To find a negative value for c
You search for two numbers having different signs such that their sum is
-6 rthencis theirproductas: -8 t2 tthenc=- 8 x2=-16
(There are other solutions)

Choose the correct answer from those given :

If the expression : X2 - 2 X + cis factorizable r then c could be equal to .......'..
(a) 8 (b) 4 (c) -2 (d)-3

{r) @
(z-x) (8 +x) €@ (z-fi (sr +x)@
(rv*fl 6z-n@ (s+x) (z+x)trtr

16
 Factorizing quadratic trinomial in
the form x2 + b x +c where q
=o
+rl

To factorizethe trinomial : a x2 +b X+ c where (a* + L) , do as follows :

St.p iiD Factorize a x2 intotwo factors ,,, L x , mX >> and write them <Lx )
inside two parentheses as shown in the opposite figure. (mx )

Step (2) Factorrze the last term in the trinomial (c) into two factors << fl r h
" 11. X + n)
and write them as shown in the previous parentheses. (m X + h)
..'.-_."'.'-_- -\
(outer terms) + the product of means (inner terms)>
lfg_LFD Find <The product of extremes
If the sum equals the middle term in the trinomial r <l.x
\.,
+n)
then the factortzation is true.
,/\_/\
If not : then the factoization is false hence : you should try (mX +h)
again to get the true factofization.

The previous method is called the method of scissors

and here how to appty this method to factorizetheexpression z3 X2 + L3 X+ 12

t@ Factorize 3 x2 into two factors r say 3 x t x

f"r., C Factorize 12 (thelast term) into two factors: say

t ltlZ i or i 216 i

You ignore the negative factors because the coefflcient of X is positive.

(Y : 1) Y o/,5rlc !\/Qr-)-g1 o,,,..t r14f5lf 17

 ZT
I Si;p tjl) pttroffn some trials till you reach :
The product of extremes + the product of means
= the middle term in the trinomial (13 X)

(3x (3x
X
+1) + 12)

(x +12) (x +1)

(3 Xx12)+(Xxl)=37 Y (3Xx1)+(Xx12)=15x
+ the middle term + the middle term

(False trial) J( (False trial) t

(3x +2) (3x +6)

(x +6) (x +2)

(3 Xx6) + (XxZ)=29 Y (3 XxZ) + (Xx 6) = 12 Y

r the middle term * the middle term

(False triaD lC (False trial) )C

(3x +3) (3 +4)

(x +4) (x +3)

(3Xx4)+(Xx3)=lJY (3Xx3)+(xx4)=lfY
+ the middle term = the middle term

(False trial) JC (True trial)

, then ; 3 X2 + 13 X + 12 = (3 X + 4) (X + 3)

18
 Lesson Two

Exom ,"1 Factorize:14X2-17 X+5

Solution

The following shows the different trials to factorrze the expression :

rux2-fl x+5
f (x - l)-1 .$
l><-s) llx llx llx -s)l 7(2x -l)r 7(2x -5)-r

| 1t+x | -1) | (tx -5) | ex -r)

I U4x | I
I

t_ L L L
|

(a) ___l (b) ___l (c) ___l (d) ___l

3 Find the sum of the product of extremes and the product of means as
you did in the previous example: you will reahze that the trial (c) is
the true trial.

:. t4x2-fl x+5=(2x-t)(t x- 5)

Ia Remarks
. If the sign of the last term of the trinomial is positive r then the sign of the second term in
each of the parentheses is the same as the sign of the middle term in the trinomial.
.If the sign of the last term of the trinomial is negative : then the two signs of the second
term in each of the parentheses are different.

Exqmple Factorize each of the following expressions :

l6a-27+5az 214X2-tXy-t5y2
3 48 x3 - rn x2 -zo x 4 (10 X+y\ (X+ y; -l y'

(sa e)
l6a-21 +5a2=5*+6a-21
=(5a-9)(a+3) (a
>( +3)

19
 ZT
2 14x2-rrxy-15y2 (i x +5y)

=(lx+5y)(2x-3y) (2x
X-sy)
Notice that there is H.C.F. among the terms of the
trinomial which is 4 X *l)
(ex
... 48 x3 - trz x2 -20 x= 4 x(12 x2 -28 x- 5)
(zx
X -51
=4X(6X+r)(2x-5)

Remove the parentheses at flrst :

.'. (10 X+ y)(X+ y) -l y2 ll Xy +y2 -7 y2 (sx

= l0 X2 +
-zy)
=10X2+llXy-6y'
=(5 x-2y)(2x+3y)
(zx +3Y)
X

Factorize each of the following perfectly :

E:u'+tb+2 @sx'-6x+t
@tzx2+28xy-5y2 @ex'-x-rz

G +x il G-x Ofrl (K-xq(1^s+xOg

(t -x) 0-x )@ (z+il(r+qe)Il
t gastno,{ fiq tu1 p f1

20
 36 ini the perfect square
Factorizing
\di trinomiarls

The perfect square trinomial

If the trinomial is arcanged ascendingly or descendingly according to the powers of one of its

symbols r then this trinomial is called a perfect square trinomial if :

The first term The middle term The third term

is a perfect square =z rlEi.rtt"r* r{trrirat"tr" is a perfect square

(and it is always positive) (and it may be positive or negative) (and it is positive also)

For example:

4x'+ l2x + I
First term Middle term Third term
4x2 12x I
is a perfect square because is a perfect squa.re because
=2xt[4* "18
4x2=(2x)2 9 =3'

i.e. 4 xz + 12 X+ 9 is a perfect square trinomial.

21
 ZI
SOxy+ 25y'

First term Middle term Third term

9x' -30 xy 23y'
is a perfect square because is a perfect square because

9x2=(3x1'
= -2 "r[g x' "n[ZSv'
25 Y'= (5 Y)'

i.e. g x2 - 30 xy + 25 y2 is a perfect square trinomial.

Show which of the following trinomials is a perfect square trinomial

and which of them is not :

| 4x2+44xy+t2ly2 z 25x2-5x+t
3 t6a2-24a-9 4 tzbz-Kb+4
1 '.' 4 X2 = (2 X)2 (aperfect square)

t 721 y2 = 1ll y)2 (a perfect square)

t '.' 2 x 2 Xx 11 y - 44 Xy = the middle term.

.'. The trinomial : 4 X2 + 44 Xy + 127 y2 is aperfect square trinomial.
2 ... 25 x2 = (5 x)2, | = (t)2
t'.'2x5 Xx 1= 10 X*the middleterm.

- 5 X+ 1 is not a perfect square.

.'. The trinomial :25 X2

3 The trinomial : 16 * - 24 a- 9 is not a perfect square because the third

term is negative.
4 The trinomial : 72b2 - 16 b + 4 is not a perfect square because the flrst
term is not a perfect square.

How to find a missing term in a perfect square trinomial

!l nirairrg the middle term :

t 2 " {tf'. nr.t t.r, ffi. *ira t.r.

i

The middle term =

"

22
 Lesson Th ree

@ firaing the first term :

(the middle term)2

The first term =
4 xthe third term
g firairg tt. rfri.a t.rr" t

(the middle term)2

The third term =
4 xthe first term

Complete by the missing term in each of the following trinomials to be

a perfect square :

| 49 X2 ..........+25 2 25 x2 -60 x+..........

3 +l2Xy+9y2
Solution 1 The middle term = *l[t"\"r*
=z "{:Et"r*
= * 2 x{4g * *n[X = + 2 x7 X x 5 = +70 X
(the middle term)2
2 Thethird term - 4 x the first term
_ (- 60 x)2 _ 3600 X2 _'2A
- 4n5* roolc-Jw
(the middle term)2
3 The first term - 4 xthe third term

*1
(12 xy)z _ 144 x2 y2
x2
=4
4x9yz 36y2

Find the positive value of c which makes each of the following

trinomials a perfect square :
I X2+cX+25 2
"'y'-9oy+81
1 '.' The middle term = * Z ,t/tt
"
firrt t".* ><{tfr" tfrira t".-
r[P
"r[X = t2 X 5 = l0 X
.-. c X= L2 x x x +
.'.c=+10 t'.' c is positive .'. c = 10

2 (the middle term)2 , ) (-90 v\2

'.' The first term =
4 x the third term
" e Y - 4x81
8100 y2
:.c2y2= :.c2y2-25y2 :. c2 =25
4x81
.'. c=+5 r '.' c is positive :. c=5

23
 ZT

Complete by the missing term in each of the following trinomials to be

a perfect square:

O+v'. ...+25 @ +t2X2+36 @ zs a2 _ 30 ab..........

Factorizing the perfect square trinomial

. Factorrzing the trinomial means to write it as a product of two factors (or more).
. Factorizing the perfect square trinomial means to write it as a product of two equal factors
(i.e. The squa.re of one of its two equal factors).

If the trinomial is a perfect square arranged descendingly or ascendingly according to

the powers of one of its symbols r then we can factorize it to be in the form :

Notice that : The sign between the two terms inside the parentheses is the same sign of the
middle term in the trinomial.

Exqmple Factorize each of the following trinomials :

| 25a2+2Oa+4 2 16x2-24x+9
3 25 aa - 90 a2b + g1b2 4
t *'* t x* t
s l8x2_ 48x+32 6 28 x-49 x2 -4
After checking that each of the trinomials is a perfect square r \il€ cfln
factorize directly as follows :

| 25 a2 + 20 a+ + = (nfx? *^[ o)' = (5 a + 2)2

z t6 x2 -24 x + o = (nfra * -10)' = (4 x - 12

3 25 aa -e0 a2b + 81 b2 = ([2s a4 -1tlltr)' = (s a2 -9b12

!9--x' * 1x* I
3""',4 =(E-o.^E)'= (+ ** i)'

24
 Lesson Th ree

5 ft x2 - 4g x I 32 =z O x2 -24 x+ t6) Notice thot :

The H.C.F. should be taken
x' - ^[G)'
= z (^[s out before factorization.
=Z (3 x- q2
Notice thot
28 X- 49 X2 * 4 - - 49 X2 + 28 X- 4
-49x2+28X-4
=-(49x2-28x+4) is not a perfect square
while 49 x2 -28 x+ 4
= _ (7 X_2)2
is a perfect square.

Factorize each of the following :

E rom2+56m+49 @ zsa2-3oa+g
@ z x2+4xy+2y2 @ so x2 -zo xy + 2y2

**l Use factorization to facilitate getting the value of each of the following

l65)2+2x55x45+(45)2 2 e0)2 -z x3t2 x 311 + (3n)2

:

-l =(fi*f *{GllJ)'
Solution 1 (ss)2 + z x 55 x 45 + (4s)z

= (55 + 45)2 = (100)2 = 10000

2 ez)z - 2 x 3r2 x 311 + (3rr)2 = (rfftr8 -^[ Off )'

I
= (372 - 31,D2 = L2 = I

llse factorization to facilitate getting the value of each of the following :

E(:a)'-2x38x28+(28)2 @ Qq'+2x14x16+(t6)2

(L : f) \ o/6tte!\/Qr4.o *r'r.r14f.Y"lf 25
*1 ZT
Find the value of k which makes each of the following trinomials
a perfect square :

I 25x2-6ox+k 2 kx2+12Xy+9y'

Solution 1 '.' 25 X2 - 60 x+ k is a perfecr square

.'. zs x2 - 60 x+ r = (s *- o)'
^[
=25x2-tox{t+t
By comparing the terms : you find that :

-60x=- l0 xt[T Notice thot :

The adjacent problem is solved by
G_-60xx _6 another method in example (2) in
-10
.'. k= 62 .'. k = 36 the same lesson.

'.' k X2 + t2 Xy + 9 y2 is a perfect square.

.'. k x2 + 12 xy + 9 y2 = (]It<, * 3 y)'

=kx2 +al[Txy +9y2
By comparing the terms , you find that :

12Xy=enfkxy ..dT
' ='?*t
6Xy =2
.'. k=22 .'. k= 4

Fincl the value of k if : + k is a perfect square.

n=TEl
ooo@ oor @[f
z(t-x 9z@ ,6 +b z@
)@ ,(L +
nr ilDA
"G-e
.q6*@ ox@ ,( oz +Ell
gestnol nq fu p
26
 Factonzing the difference of two

I
al o
atl
a 1lo
ar o
att
I I
I

al 1lo al dL. "ori..,-

You know that : (a + b) (a - b) = a2 -b2 , therefore factortzing the expression u'

'.'-',b'
is: u2-b2 = (a+b) (a-b)
+v +

The difference the sum the difference

*1
of two squa"res = of the two x of the two
of two quantities quantities quantities

Factorize each of the following :

I x2 _ 25 2 x2-9y'

l*T
3 49x4-1 4 +"'-+
Solution t x2 -25 = (1tP +t[x) (,[P -^f*) = rr+ s) (x- s)
z x2 - e y' = (1[P *W) (^@ -^t-sf) = r, + 3 y) (x - 3 y)

3 4s x4 - t =(1[ir7.1[) ({i;7 -fi) = (t x2 + \ (7 x2 - D

4 + * - + =(w.,8.) (w t['J = (+ " . +) (+ +)
^-
Factorize each of the following :

1.2x2-18 2 x3-64x
3 t *'-, 4 t6x4- 81
27
 ZT
I z x2- 18 = z (x'-9) (x-3) (x+ 3)
=2
z x3 - 64 x= x (x2 - 64) = x (x-8) (x+ 8)
3 i *'-z= | (x'- +> = | w-2) (x+2)
4 x' x' - 9) = 14 x' x - 3) (2 x + 3)

*rrl
t6 xa - 81 = (4 + 9) (4 + 9) (2

Factorize each of the following :

-l
125a2(2a-b)-16 (2a-b) 2 (X+y)2 -g
Solution t zs * e a-b) - t6 (za-b) - (2 a-b) es * - rc)
=(2a-b)(5 a-4)(5a+4)
2 (x + y)2 - g = l(x+ y) + :] [fx + y) - zf = 1x+ y + 3) (x + y - 3)

Factorize each of the following :

@xz -rc @+ u'-zsbz

*1 Ers x2-50y2

t
t
12s12 - erz
@rc x2 (x+ y) -

Use factorizationto get the value of each of the following easily

z e.q2 - 0.q2
4 52x48
y2 (x*y)

10012 -t
Solution t 12s12- (15)2 = (25 - 15) (25+ 15) = 10 x 40 = 400
Z g .A72 - (1.q2 = (1.6 - 1.4) (1 .6 + 1.4) = O.2 x 3 = O.6
I I (gg)2 - 1= (99 + 1) (99 - 1) = 100 x 98 = 9800
I 4 52 x43 = (50 + 2) (50 -2) =(50)2 - (2)2 =2500 - 4 = 2496

llse factorization to get the value of each of the following easily :

@er' - (zr2 @zt "zo

eez@
6+xil(t-xil(K+n@ (Ks+xE)({s-x)z@
(qg+e OG,E-ed@ (v +x) ,t--x)Etr
t
llestnort lq h7 p
28
 z
o
v',
Factorizing the sum and d
0
!u of two cubes

M Factorizing the sum of two cubes

.You knowthat:
(a + b) (az - ab+ b2) - a (a2 - ab +b2) +b (a2 - ab +b2)
= a3 - a2 b + ab2 + a2 b - ab2 + b3 = a3 + b3

The expression : a3 (i)b3 is the sum of the two cubes a3 and b3

Generallg
opposite sign

v
b3 =(a@b) (u2eab+ a2)

The sum the the

First
of the two
cubes of two
tq"'.11"o
of thev^
x ,v@ of square
the
quantities ^.
first SeCOnO l

second
I

For example; x3 + 8 = X3 + 23 = (x + 2) (x2 -x x 2 + 22)

= (x+D (x2 -2 x+ 4)

29
 ZT
Second I Factorizing the difference between two cubes
.You knowthat:
(a - b) (a2 + ab+ b2) - a (a2 + ab +bz) -a f*+ ab + b2)

= a3 + uz b + abz - az b - abZ- b3 = u3 - b3

The expression : a3 i-1,b3 is the difference between the two cubes a3 and b3

Generallg
opposite sign
sign

=(aQb) (u2 @ ab + b2)

The difference the Flrst the

between the two squareo
'(+)Y(+)r ^square
cubes of two of the - - of the
quantities ^.
first Second
second

For example: X3 -27 = x3 -33

*1
=(X-r(X2+XxZ+32)
= (X-, (x2 + 3 x+ 9)

Factorize each of the following perfectly :

l8x3+125 2 2l a3 -b3 3 ax3+{

4 a6 - 64b3 s 40xa-5x 6 (X+y)3 + X3

1 sx3 +r25=(zx)3 +(5)3 =(2x+sy(12 x)2-5xzx+52)

=(2X+5)(a X2-t0X+25)
2 27 a3-b3 = (3 a)3 -b3 = (3 a-b) ((3 a)2 + 3a x b + b2)

=(3a-b)(9 a2+3ab+b2)
3 s x'* * =(zx)3.(+)' =(zx. +)(rrn'-zx* * *GY)
=(r*. +)(o*,-". +)
4 a6 -64b3 =(u,). -(4D3 =(u2 -+a1(1ury, +a2 xab+ @b)2)

= (u' - 4b) (aa + 4 *b + 16 b2)

30
 Lesson Five

40x4-5x =5x(sx3-1) (taking out the H.C.F.)

=5X(2x-l)(4x2+2X+1)
(x+y)3 + x z=({x+y)+ x)(rx+g2-x(X*y)**')
=(2X+y)(X2+2Xy+y2- x2-xy+x2)
=(2X+y)(X2+Xy+y2)

Factorize each of the following perfectly :

@x3+e+ @sx3-zj
@zx3+16 @ sqx4-zxy3

Exqmp-le_,q Factorize the following perfectly : Xu - 64 yu

-l
Solution
I

x6 - 64 y6 = - 8 y3) (difference between two squares)

(x3 + 8 y3) (x3
= (X+ 2y) (x2 -2 xy + 4y\ (x-2fl @2 +ZXy + 4y2)
(the sum and difference between two cubes)

! Remarn
If you factorrze the expression : X 6 - 64 y6 as a difference between two cubes at first r
then it is difficult to carry out the factonzatron perfectly : therefore you should perform
the factorrzation as a difference between two squares at first.

Exomple-E Ifx+y=s, x2-y2=t2, x2+xy+y2=28

I

, n"a the value of : X' _ y'

|
--l
Solution
"'
x2 -Y2 = 12
'.' x+y

x-Y =2
- 6
.'. (x+ y) (x- y) =
:.6(x-Y)=12
12

"'
I

I
.'. x3 -y3 = (x-l (x2 + Xy +y2) =2x28 =56

(r[ + f,X €+ zX d (,t -x ) x zfil G+xz-rx)(z+x)zE

G+xg+rxv)G.-xO@ @t+xv-rx)o+x)ll
/11estnolAqtuyp
f,

31
 Factorizing by grouping

:-#*
The algebraic expression consisting of four terms can be factorized by one of the
following two methods :

The first method

The algebraic expression consisting of four terms is divided into two expressions each of
them consisting of two terms : such that you can flnd a common factor between the two
terms , as shown in the following examples.

Exqmp-lg E Factorize :aX+ay+b X+by

I

$CI0ution aX+ ay +b X+b y - (aX+ay) + (b X+b y) (associative)

= a (X+ y) + b (X+ y) = (X+ y) (a + b)
Another solution :
aX+ay +bX+b y-(aX+bX)+ (ay+by) (commutative and associative)
= X (a+ b) + y (a + b) = (a + b) (X + y)

Exomp_!g_! Factorize z 2 a2 -2b+ab-4a

Solution If you divide the expression as follows :

---] 2 a2 - 2 b + ab - 4a=Q* - 2 b) + (ab - 4 a) = 2 (u2- a) + a (b - 4)

: then you notice that there is no common factors between 2 (a2 - b) and
a (b - 4) : then you should regroup the main expression by another way as
I
follows :

32
 Lesson Six

2 * - 2b + ab - 4 a = Q * +ab) + (- 2b - 4a) (commutative and associative)

=a(2 a+b) -2(b+2a)

= a(2a + b) -2(2a + b) Noticethat I b + 2 a=2 a +b
You notice that there is a common factor which is (2 a + b) r then you
complete factoization by taking out the common factor to be

2 t -2b + ab - 4 a= (2 a+b) (a-Z)

The more you train : the easier you select the proper grouping

Factorize each of the following :

1x3*3x2+27-9x 2 x2-4y'-5x+1oy

1 X3 -3 X2 + 27 -9 X= (X3 -3 X\ + (27 -9 X)
= x2 (x- 3) + 9 (3 - X) Ner{:iee tflrat : 3 - x- - (x -3)

= x2 (x- 3) - 9 (x-3)

= (X-1) 62- 9) [\tot[ee that : X2 -9 = (X-3) (X+ 3)

= (x-3) (x-3) (x+3)

= (x-z)z (x+ z)

Another solution :

x3 -3 X2 + 27 -9 x= (x3 + 27) + (-3 x2 -9 x)

- (x+, (x2 -3 x+ 9) - 3 x(x+3)
- (x+, (x2 -3 x+9 -3 x)

= (X+T(X2 -6X+9)Notice that: x2 -6X+9 =(x-Tz

- (x+3) (x-r2
2 x2-4y2-5x+ 10y =(x2-4y')+(-5x+ 10y)

= (x - 2 y) (x + 2 y) - 5 (x - 2 y)
=(x-zy) (x+2y -5)

(o , l) Y o/6rle L\/Q*)-LI or,r..L-I4ldl 33

 ZT
*r"1 Factorize z 12 X3 - 8 x2 + 78 X2 y - L2 Xy

Solution Notice that2 X is a common factor among the terms of the expression r

therefore start firstly by taking out the H.C.F. : then divide the expression
as follows :

tzx3-Bx2+1,8x2y-t2xy
=2 xG x2 - 4 x+ 9 xy-6 y) (taking our rhe H.C.F.)
= 2 x16 x' - 4 x) + (9 xv - 6 y)]

= 2 xlz x 1z x - 2)+ 3 y (3 x - 2)l

=2 X(3 x-2) (2 x + 3 y)

Factorize each of the following :

@ Sb+xa+5a+xb
@ x'-x2 -9 x+9
@x'-y2+5x- 5y

The second method

The algebraic expression consisting of four terms is divided into a trinomial
(must be perfect square) and a monomial (must be perfect square also) : such that the main
expression should be factorized as a difference between two squa-res r and the following

*T
example shows that.

Factorize each of the following :

I x2-loxy+25y2-36
I
2 x2+9y2-25+6xy

--l
Solution tr x2 - rc xy + 25 y2 - 36 = (x2 - lo xy + 25 y\ -36
=(x_sy)2 _6)2
=(X-5y-6) (x-5 y+6)

34
 Lesson Six

2 x2 + 9 y2 -25 + 6 xy = (x2 + 6 xy + 9 y21 -25

=(x+ Z y)'- (S)'

=(X+3y-5) (X+3 y+5)

Fadorize each of the following :

Bx'-zxy+y2-c2 @rcx2-a2 +6ab -gb2

Maths & Science

for all educational stages

(qs-e +xil@t+"-xil@ (c+[.-y)(c-,(-x)tr[|

(s+.(+x)(r-x)E G,+x)G-9 0-9@ (s +x) (q + e)
trtl
t gestnort rtq tu1 p f 1

35
 Factortzing by completing the square

. You know that the perfect square trinomial has the following properties

1 The first term is a perfect square.

2 The third term is a perfect square.

3 The middle term = + 2 x^l the firstterm x the thirdterm

r and it is factorized in the form :

({tn. nr.t t.,- * r/tr'e *ira te"n)'

* There are some expressions which are not perfect squares but we can complete them to be

written in the form of :

a perfect square trinomial (-')a perfect square monomial

r then we factorize them as a difference between two squares.

This method is called : factorization by completing the square.

* This method is used to factoize the expression that consists of at least two terms each of

them is a perfect square and the power of the symbol in each of these two terms (if it exists)
is 4 or its multiples.

36
 Lesson Seven

The method of factorization by completing the square :

@ naa to the given expression twice the product of the two square roots of the two perfect
square terms and subtract it again not to change the main expression.

@ U*irg the commutative and associative properties , rewrite the expression after ordering
its terms to get the form :

a perfect square trinomial i-i a perfect square monomial

I

@ Factorizetheresultant expression as a difference between two squares.

@ tf it is possible r you should factoize the resultant expressions (resultant factors) in
order that the factorization is perfect.

**l
The following examples show the previous steps.

Factorize each of the following expressions

| 4xa+ya
:

2 x8_ r1
Solution Add to the given expression :2 x1[a { "{yo , ' ,' ' t''
r then subtract it again in order not to change the rnain expression.
.'.4X4+Y4=4Xa+Ya+' ,"",;')

= (4 x4 + 4 x2 y2 + y4) -4 x2 y2 (commutative and associative properties)

A perfect square A perfect square

trinomial monomial

= (2 x2 + y2)2 - (z xy)2

= (2 x2 + y2 - 2 xy) (2 x2 + y2 + 2 xy) (elif,1'err:nce bctrveen two squiirr:r;)

;:, '.' x8 - 16 = (x4 - q 64 + 4) (cliff'elence betlveen two squares) (t)

t ': (Xa - 4) canbe factorized as a difference between two squares as
follows : x4 - 4 = (X2 -2) (x2 + 2) (2)

t ': (Xa + 4) canbe factorized by completing the square as follows :

Add : Z i"e" zi X2 , then subtract it again

"{xa "tp

37
 ZI
.'. xa + 4 = x4 + 4 + 4. x2 - 4, x2"

(commutative ard associative properties)

A perfect square A perfect square

trinomial monomial

= (X2 + 2)2 - (2 x)2 = (X2 + 2 - 2 x) (x2 + 2 + 2 X)

(diff'erence between tlvo squares) (3)
(I) ,(2) and (3) :

*T
From
:. x8 - t6= (x2 -D W2 +Z) (x2 -2x+Z) (x2 +2 x+2)

Factorize each of the following :

I xa+x2y2+ya 2 xa-lgx2y2+9ya
3 zl xa-30x2y2+3ya
1 Add : Z xafxa i"e. 2 X, y, : then subtract rt agarn
"nfyo
:. x4 + x2 y2 + y4 = xa + x2 y2 + ya + 2 x2 y2 -2 x' y'
= (xa + 2 x2 y2 + t') + (x2 yz - 2 x' y')
(commutative and associative properties)

=(x4+2x2 12+14) -x2u2

tt
A perfect square A perfect square
trinomial monomial

= (xz + y2)2 - (xy)2 = (X2 + y2 - xy) (x2 + yz + xy)

-1,
Add: Z xa[V r.t:. 5 X2 y2 ,thensubtract it again
"W
.'. x4-19x2y2+9ya
= x4 - lg xz yz + 9 y4 + 6 x' y' - 6 x' y'
= (Xa + 6 x2 yz + 9y4) + (- 19 x2 y2 - 6 x' y')
= t.(xa + 6 x2 v2
-
+ 9 Jva\.j -25
i
x2 v2
- a
----------------
**
A perfect square A perfect square
trinomial monomial

= (X2 * 3 y2)2 - (5 x y)2 = (X2 + 3 y2 - 5 x g (x2 + 3 y2 + 5 X y)

38
-
 Lesson Seven

3'.' 27 x4 -30 x2 y2 +3 y4 =3 O x4 -lo x2 yz +y4)

The expression : 9 x4 - l0 x' y' + y4 canbe factoized by

completing the square as follows :

Add : z xt[* "n[f i.e. 6 x' y' r then subtract it again

.'.9x4-rox2y'+ya
=9 x4 - lo xz y2 + ya +6 x2 y2 -6 x2 y'
= (g x4 +6 x'y' * y4) + (- lo x2 y2 -6 x'y')
= (g x4 + 6 X' y' * v4) -,t6 Y'y',
vv
_ f A t*'r"a.q*a
I monomial I

= (3 x2 + - (4 xy)2 = (3 x' * y' - 4 xy) Q x2 + y2 + 4 xy)

y2)2

= (3 x2 - 4 xy + y\ Q x2 + 4 Xy + y2)

= (3 x- y) (x- y) (3 x * y) (x + y)
:. 27 x4 - 30 X2 y2 + 3 Ya = 3 (3 X - Y) (x - y)(3x+y)(x+y)
Another solution :
(g x2 -y2 )
27 x4 -30 x2 yz + 3 y4 =3 Q x4 - 70 xz yz + y4)

=3 (9 x'-y') (x2 -y2) (xz -v2)

= 3 (3 x-y) (3 x + y) (x-y) (x+ y)

Factorize each of the following perfectly :

@+xa+t @xo+64ya @ao xa+51 x2+25

$t,+s+rx9)$t,-s+rxil@
(ix v+ g + rx) 6x v - g+ l8l (xz+r+zxdGz-1+rxdQ
"t "r. "x)
t glestnol tq tu1 p

39
nil il tLfi
ffimsUhe@@
LM
To factorize an algebraic expression, dd as follows
tl fute out the H.C.F. if it exists.
@ttthe algebraic expression is formed from two terms onlyr then the factorization r,vill be
difference between two squares or difference between two cubes or sum of two cubes or
by completing the square.
.The difference between two squares : X2
-y2 = (X- y) (X + y)
.The difference between two cubes : x3
ey3 = (X-g (x2 @ Xy + y2)
.The sum of two cubes ,X3
@ y3 = (X+fl (x2 Oxy +y2)
E If the algebraic expression is formed from three terms (trinomial expression) r ]ou should
afiange the terms of the expression descendingly or ascendingly according to the powers of
any symbol in it Qt is better to arrange the expression descendingly).
. There are two cases :

First : The trinomial is a perfect square trinomial r that is

if the middle term = * 2 * {Th. f i.rt t..* * {tfr. tfrirO t.r*

Then the expression is factorized as follows :

({ur;r,^r *""' The sign of the middle term {rh;th'dr"r- )'

Second : The trinomial is not a perfect square r in this case it will be factorized
as a trinomial by scissors method or by completing the square.
@ tf tfre algebraic expression is formed from 4terms r then use the factorizing by grouping"
i.e. Dividing the expression into two groups according to each problem.

I
! Remark Answer the
general exercise
The factorization should be done
perfectly on factorizing

i.e. No factor in the result can be

the algebraic
expressions in the
factoized more.
free part (1)

40
 Solving quadratic
variable

. The equation is a mathematical sentence consisting of one variable (or more) and
including the equality relation.
. The degree of the equation is the greatest power of the powers of its terms.

For example:

* $ x+/=l is an equation of the first degree in one variable X

x2-5x-6=O is an equation of the second degree in one variable X

2x+3y=7 is an equation of the first degree in two variables Xandy

. Solving the equation means finding the values of the variable (unknown) which satisfy
the equation : and each value of them is calfed rra root of the equation".

-Definition
Any equation can be written attheform : a X2 +b X+ c = 0 t z*0 is an equation
of the second degree in one variable and is called "a quadratic equation".

For example:
.x2 + 4 x- 12 =O is a quadratic equation in X
.2 yz + 5 y - 10 is a quadratic equation in y
,
- 4b2 - g =0 is a quadratic equation in b
Notice that : Each of the previous equations is an equation of the second degree in one variable.

(1 : 1) y o/6rle !t/(cr-).o *,*.r-.r14f.7.1f 41

 ZT
-Fact
If a and b are two real numbers and a x b = zaro ;then a = 0 or b = 0

For example:

.If x(1__3)=s l,then:

i

'If (J(2:3X-5)=0',then:
I

X+2=0 r tn"ni' i=-i'i

--- -------'l
l-----
eitherl X=0 i either '.------'-'-'---------'---:'-'-----'..,

orX-3=0rtfr"rl i=i'l or3X-5=0 rtheniiJ)x=* i

Solving the quadratic equation in one variable

To solve the quadratic equation in one variable , do as follows :

@futthe equationin the standard form: aX2 +b X+ c=0

@ Factorize the expression in the left hand side into two factors.

@ Us" the previous fact to get the two roots of the equation.
@ Verify your answer by substituting by each value of X in the main equation.

For example:
To solve the equatio n X2 + 4 X = 12 in IR , do as follows :

tl futthe equationinthe standardform: ax2 +b X+ c =0

.'. x2 +4 X=72 .'. x2 +4X-12=O

@ Factori ze the expression in the left hand side into two factors :

(X - 2) (X + 6) = 0 (factorizing a trinomial)

f,t Ur" the previous fact to get the two roots of the equation :

i' 1,

Either X-2 =0:theni X=2i

orX+6=0 rtheni x=-6 i

@ Verify your answer by substituting by each value of X in the equation X2 + 4 X = !2

. AtX=2: .,. X2 +4X=22 +4x2=4+8=12
l' \,
.'.i x= 2iis aright soluti on / .

. At X= - 6 : :. X2 + 4 X= (- 6)2 + 4 x (- 6) = 36 -24 = 12
i:,
i--_-_;'iis a right solution / .

42
*1 Find in IR the solution set of each of the following equations:
I x2-5x-6=o
4 (x + 2)2 =25
2 2X2 +7 X=O
5 X2+4=O
Lesson Eight

3 x2-6x=-9

| ...x2-5x-6=0
:. (X- 6) (X + 1) = 0 (factorization of a trinomial)
.'. Either X-6=0
rtheni X=ei \/_ 1 i

... The S.S. = {6 , _ 1}

'.' 2 X2 +7 X=O :. x(2 X+7) = 0 (H.C.F.)

.'. Eitheri x=O i or2X+7 =0 rthen 2X=-7

-----'-------'i
i--
7t.
"i^--zi
.ivli
...TheS.S.=lOr_;J
'.' x2 -6 x=-9 :.x2-6x*9=o
.'. (x-3)2 =O (perfect square trinomial) .'. X-3 =0
.'.i x=zi ... The S.S. = {3}
'.' (X + 2)2 = 25 ,'. X2 + 4 X+ 4=25
:.X2+4X-21=O
.'. (X + 7) (X- 3) = 0 (factorization of a trinomial)

.'. Either X+7 =0,theni i=:i I

orX-3=0 rtt"ni'i=:l
... The S.S. = {_7 ,3}
Another solution :
'.' (x + 2)2 =25 .'.(x+212-25=O
Using factorization of the difference between two squares.
.'. (X+ 2-5) (X+2 + 5) = 0 (x- 3)(X+7)=0
.'.
.'. Either X - 3 =0 , then i, i= ii or X+7 =0 ttheni X=-7 i

... The S.S. = {3 ,_ j}

T'kirtl so{wii,oria :

'.' (X+2)2 =25 .'. X+2=t5 .'. EitherX+2=5 rtheni X=3i

orX+2=-5:theni i=-i i ... The S.S. = {3 ,_1}

43
 ZT
5 The equation Xz + 4 = 0 (or X2 = - 4) has no solution in IR
because there is no integer whose square is negative.
.'. The S.S. = Z

! Remarh
From the previous example r notice that the quadratic equation has at most two solutions
(two roots).

Exqmp_lq I Find in IR the S.S. of each of the following equations :

a-
| 6-3) (x+ 5) =20 z) v
,\-
L-
xz
--
I
-=

Solution '.' (x-3) (x+ 5) =20 :. x2 +2 X- 75 =20

.'.X2+2X-35=0 :. (x- 5) (x + 7) =0
.'. Either X- 5 =0 : then i i= i'i
i",
orX+7=0,rh""i_I:__7 )

... The S.S. = {S ,_ j}

2 Multiplying the two sides by 2 X (L.C.M.) of denominators

:. XxZx-*.
"r*= Z x2X (2 x+ t)
:.2x2-4=7 x
V
:.2x2-7 x-4=o /\
(x- 4)
:.(2x+1)(x-4)=0
iri
.'. Either2X+ 1=0 rthen2X=-| .iMIi
..iJw-^i
,.L:

or X- 4 =0 ttfr"" i i= +'l

... rhe S.S. = {- +,41

t_
I Exz-sx=o @+x2=25 Ex(x-r)=6
! ItRemarn in
is possible some cases to get a quadratic equation from factorizing a third or fourth
degree equation in one variable r in this case it is possible to solve the equation as in
the following example.

44
*T Find in
l3X3=12X
IR the S.S. of each of the following equations :

2 x4-10x2+9=0
Lesson Eight

'.'3X3=12X ... 3 X3 - t2 X=0

...3x(x2-4)=o (H.C.F.)
f\,
.'. Either 3 X= 0 : then i X=0 t

or x2 - 4 = 0 i.e. (x-2) (X + 2) =0 (difference between two squares)

t""""""",
.'. Either X-2 =0:theniT _=Z-.1
| - """'""""'\,
or X + 2 = O t th""i,.f..-._
.2_..)

... The S.S. = {O ,Z ,_2}

NOtice that : The equation of the third degree has three solutions at most in IR

'.' x4-lox2 *9=o

:.(x2-DW2-9)=o (faclortzatron of a trinomial)

.'. Either X2-l=O x2 -g =o

:.(x-1)(X+1)=0 :. (x-3) (x+ 3) = 0
('-"- \, l' 'l
:.X-1=0:theni..{_!.1 :.X-3=0:theniX=3i
-- --- - -- - --.\,
i---.-- l' 't
or X + 1 = 0 r then i..X;,*.] .1
orX+ 3=0 rtheniX=-3 i

... The S.S. = {1 , - I ,3 ,-3}

Notice that : The equation of the fourth degree has four solutions at most in IR,

Fincl in IR the S.S. of each of the following equations :

Bx' - 4 x=o @xo-13x2+36=o

{g, e - . Z( Z-}='s'SeI{J@ {z-o 7, 0} ='S'S eqr0A

{z-, t} ='S'S oIIJ@ {E-' 8}= t't"qr@ {s. o} ='s.s er{rOtr
tgestno(nqfup
f1

45
 Applications on solving quadratic
in one variable algebraically

ft fr
\/
A
z+L',o
V
ft f%
P -1t

._
QXZ"4

gn=fi'+t*lto':
'i, rl*
'\ ot -," 'ortr-
(\l|J
E 2
,'p- lta't - E

o To solve word problems in algebra r translate the sentences into symbols and algebraic expressions.
The following table shows some examples for that :

The sentence The algebraic expression r

X1
Half of a number
, or)x
Twice of a number 2x
Three times of a number 3X
Square of a number x2
Twice of the square of a number 2x2
Square of the twice of a number Qx)2=4x2
The additive inverse of a number -x
The multiplicative inverse of 1

(a number) (not equal to zero) x

Two numbers , one of them exceeds . The first number = X
the other by 5 . The second number = X + 5
or one of them is less than the other by 5
or their difference = 5

The sum of two numbers equals 5 . The flrst number = X . The second number=5-X
Two numbers , one of them is more . The first number = X
than twice the other by 5 . The second number = 2 X + 5

46
 Lesson N ine

. The first number = X

Three consecutive integers . The second number = X + I
. The third number = X + 2

Three even (or odd) consecutive 'The flrst number = x

.The second number = X+2
numbers
. The third number = X + 4

Two numbers r the ratio between them . The first number = 2 X

is2:3 .The second number = 3 X

. His age after 4 years = X + 4

The age of amannow is Xyears .His age 3 years ago= X-3
. The square of his age 6 years ago = (X
- 6)2

A rectangle whose length exceeds its 'The width = x cm' I the length - (x + 5) cm'
widthby5 cm. 'Itsperimeter=(x +x+ 5) x2=(4 x+ 10) cm.
. Its area = X (X+ 5) - (X2 + 5 Xl
""?
Asquareof sidelength =Xcm. .Itsperimeter=4Xcm. .Its area --X2 crf

Exomplq q A positive integer whose square exceeds its double by 8 Find the number.

Solution Let the number be X

.'. Its square = X2 and its double = 2 X
) ... Its square exceeds its double bv8
tltl
I
x2 o
I I
2x
+*
=81
x2-2x-8=o .'. (x+2)(x-4)=o
Either X+2 =0 :then X=-2 (refused because the number is positive)

i' 'l
orX-4=0t theni X=4 )
.'. The number is 4

Checking the solution :

'.' The number is 4

.'. Its square = 16 and its double = 8 .'. Its square - its double = 16 - 8 = 8

47
 ZT
Exomp_]e fl Thelengthof arectangleexceedsitswidthby5cm.If itsarea =14cwf.,
I OrrU its length and its width.
I

Let the width be X crn.

r '.' the length exceeds the width by 5 cm. .'. The length -' (X + 5) cm.
r'.'the area=14crt :.X(X+5)=14
.'.X2+5X=L4 :.x2+5X-14=0
.'. (x+7)(x-2)=0
.'. Either X+7 = 0 r then X= -7 (refused because the lengths are always positive)
--..1
.,..
or X-2=0 tthent X=2 i

.'. The width =2 cm. and the length =2 + 5 =7 cm.

*T
Try to check the solution.

Three consecutive positive even numbers r the square of the middle

number exceeds the sum of the two other numbers by 8 Find these
numbers.

Let the numbers be X and X + 2 and X + 4

'.' The square of the middle number exceeds the sum of the others by B

.'.(x+D2-6+x+4)=8
.'.X2+4X+4-2X-4=8
.'.X2+2X-8=0
:. (X+ 4) (x-2) =0
.'. Either X + 4= 0 r then \.= -4 (l:eluseel beeause the numbr:t:s ar:e positive)

orX-2=0 ttheni.x=2 I

.'. The first number = 2

r the middle number = 4

r the third number = 6

Wy to sol.v,e the erwwryl.e hy asswmirug l:hr*"the wwnbers arc'- X*-2 '> ){' and X,'l- 12

48
*1 If the age of Nabeel now is twice the age of Nader.2 years agorthe
difference between the squares of their ages was L5 r find the age of
each of them now.
Lesson Nine

Now 2 years ago

Nader x x-2
Nabeel 2X 2 X-2
:. (2 x-z)2 - (x-2)2 = 15
Using the factorization of the difference between two squares :

.'. (2 X - 2+X * 2) (2 x - 2 - X + 2) = 75
:. (3 x- 4) X= 15

.'.3x2-4x-15=o
:.(3x+5)(x-3)=0
... Either 3 X+5 = 0 :then X=- +J (refused)
i'l
orX-3=0:theni X=3 i

.'. The age of Nader now = 3 years r

and the age of Nabeel now = 6 years.

An integer , if you add it to its square ,the result is 56 Find this number.

L ro 8 - : sI Jeqlunu oqJ

llestnort nq r{4 p
t
f,

(v : t) Y o/6rle !\/t*)-1r1 -,,,..ur141d1 49

 Non-lregative and

z2 negative integer
powers in IR

N,.
R
\t
*1,
 Lessons of the unit :
l. Non-n.gative and negative integer powers in IR

2. Solring the exponential equations in IR

3. Op.rrtions on integer powers.

I Unit Objectives:
Bythe end of this unit, student should be able to :

. apply what have been studied before about powersin%

. recognize the laws of non-negative integer powers in R

. recognize the negative power of a real number not equal to zero.
. generalize the laws of non-negative integer powers on the negative
integer powers in IR
. solve the exponential equations in iR

o perform mathematical operations on integer powers.

. use the calculator to verify the results.

. apply the laws of powers to solve some real-life problems.

 z
o
tn
.n
trJ integer powers in IR

Non-negative integer powers in IR

If ae R tneZ+ r then an = a x a x a x a x a x ... x a where ais repeated as afactor n times.
. an is read as : a to the power n or the ,& po*", of the number a and the number a is called
the base.

For example:
.33 = (3 x 3) x3 =9 x3 =2J
. e 2)4 = e2 x _ 2) x (- 2 x -2) = 4 x 4 = 16

Ia Remarks

O If a elR* (The set of non-zero real numbers) r then' [l, =I

For example:

' ({r )'= t '(- rF)o =,

@ f.o* the repeated multiplication : you knew that :

.1-4)2=lg ) 42=76 <Note that : 2 is an even numben>

.e4)3=-64 ) -@)3 =-64 <Note that : 3 is an odd number>

i.e. (- a)' = a' if n is an even number

but (* a)n = - an if n is an odd number

52
 Lesson One

Negative integer powers in IR

If ais arealnumber ta*0 andnisa positive integer r then :

an =
1 and an=l
a" a-"

For example:
.\-2- 1 .1^=23=8
"5225= 1

2-3

Ia Remarks

@ for every a €lR* tneZ+ : then an x a n = a' = 1 (the multiplicative neutral)

" #
i.e. a' and a n are the multiplicative inverse of each other.

@ no, every a e IR* , b €lR* and n eZ+ ,then (+) '=(+)'

For examp,., (?)-' = (+)' = Z

Exqmple Find in the simplest form each of the following :

, ({r)' , @)-' 3 (?)-'

2-r
a (o r)-' 5 -r---=.- 6
(-x, ) ' 3-"4
Solution I (tE)'=(18,{t) ,tf =s1E
) ({r) '=ffi=+
3 (?)-'=(+)'= +
4 (0.1)-,= (*)-2 =1t012= 1oo

5
,+\- =(-'E)'=-$')'
"', = _ ttfi
\-^lr) ',
2-I - Z =2-1.. 53
3-rx+ L-2" 4-
tx+- 8

53
 ZZ
Laws of non-negative and negative integer powers in IR
If a and b are two real numbers r rn and n are two integers r oxcept the cases in which

the denominator = 0 and the cases in which both the base and the power = 0 r then :

Examnle
l)i
When you multiply numbers of the
a-xan=a-*n .43x42-43+2 same base r )ou add the powers.

a
^m m-n .#=g6-2 - ga When you divide numbers of the same
^l)
a base : you subtract the powers.
The power of a product of two numbers
(ab)n .13 x 4)2 =32 x 42 is distributed over the two numbers.

The power on a fraction is distributed

(+)' over the numerator and the denominator.

When you raise a number : raised to

. (42)s = (43)2
(a-)n = (an)m a power I to another poWef I )ou
_ 43x2 multiply the two powers.

Exqmple Find in the simplest form each of the following :

1[,
({r)'. ({r)-'. ({T)o ', @)-' , (r^,[l "di)-'
'
(({r)-')'
^(#)^ '
' (tr)',.(18)-'"(rE)o = ({t)'+(-e)+4
Solution

=@)'=,

&=@)'-u"
= $r)' = 21[,
Another solation by using the definition of the negative power :
,E
=n[i , (t )' = @)' = 2n[i
(t )-'
54
 Lesson One

y,'. yY
, (,.8, *)-' ==r;',:
2' (1tr)', (ti)',
_1
-4 1., 1_ 1
X
5" 3 60
('^[')- "@)o
(#)^= 'o
({r)- ({r)'
= SJla = ze
Another solution
... : ={: *{T

'(#f =(tuff )-=(18)'"@)^

-9 x4=36
. ((,F)-')'=$r)-2x2 - ({r)--
1 I
=
@= 9

Simplify each of the following to the simplest form :

, ({t)' " ({')-' z {z "(z^[i)'"(-^[i)'

(,/')-' (r^[r)^

3 (1/")', ({t)' (10)-3 x 0.01

(ro)-'x (10)3
ffn)^

({')' , ({')-' ({t)'+(-s) _ ({t)'

---l
Solution
({r)-' ({r)-' ({r)-'
I
= ({r )'-(-2) - @)o =rt

55
 F
z
D

^[i "(r^[i)', (-{t)' ^,[i *z' (r/t)', - ({r)'

"
(,F)^ ,o
"@)o
= - (1E)' +2+5-4 xz2-4

=-({5)- x2'2=-ex i=-Z

fi=- ne-e^A", *"t
, ({")'" (q)'= (r{r)" (F)' .1fG =n[e
(@)^ (r^[i)^ "z =^[g "^[,
= znfi
,', ({r)' "('E)' .
^[i =q14 * =r[i "^[i
"@)o = znfi
'o

,', ({f)'.'
za x32 fi:- n"-"-0", *rt
,',(€)'
. ({r)' = t[* = 32
za x32
. (t/r)t = t[28 = 2a

_35 x24 _ j5- 2 r 74*4

24x32

=33x20=27x1=2J
g- Rem ember thclt
(to)-' x o.o1 _ (to)-3 x (to)-2
(to)-' x (10)3 10-e x 103 0.01 = (10)-2

-z r{
- (10)-e+3
GCD-3 +6
- (10)*( = (10)-5 - 1ro;1 = 1s

il Simptifu each of the fottowins to the simptest form :

4x63 x3-s
zs x33
(#r
(@)')" (1tr)'
--@D'=-
56
*1 Simplify to the simplest form

1 4x x2x-3
gx-2
:
Lesson One

25n*32n+1
r then find the ralue of the result when n = 1
4-n*62rt+|
I

Solution 4x x2x-3 _ 22Xx2x-3 _22Xx2x-3

Bx-2 23(x-2) 23
x 6

=22X+X-3-(3X-6)

-o2X+X-3-3X+6_o3_o
=z =z =6
25n r32n+1 ^5n.-.2n+1
L X3
t
4-n x62n+l 1zzy" x (2 x 312n+
,5n*32n+1
2-2, x r2n+ I ,32n+ I

=25r+2n-2r-1 X 32n+|-2n-l =25n-1 x 30 - 25n-7

Whenn=1:

.'. The expression = 25 -L = 24 = 16

Hr)'-",. (1s)n*'
Exomple I Provethat:
({,) "x3"x5""
I

('E\'*nr(3,s)n*'
Solution T LIC
({t) ',3n'sn*2
-=27
_ (n[z)'-" , z"*' , s"*'
({t)-'" 3n
"
s'*2

=(^[r)'-n+n x 3n+2-, x 5o +2-n*2

=(^[Z)'x32x5o=3 x32xt
= 33 = 27 = R.H.S.

(A : f) r e/q5rle !\/kr-)*t *q-,,,y4f.y6ll 57

 F
z
=

32-x x (gt)x
A Simplify to the simplest form: -X+l..nl-X
J XJ

r then flnd the value of the result when X = - |

lf X=3 ,y =n[3 andz=l ,find the value of each of the following in

, tr'
the simplest fbrm

1 (xy)z ) (x+ y)z 34

y-r
4 (x-2 y\-2 5 x2 + (Xy)2 z2

| (xy)2 - x'y'=32 x$r)'=9 x3 =27

2 (X+y)2=X2+2Xy+y2 fr- n"me-A"r *st

=32+2x3x^[i.(,F)' .(a+b)n*ao+bn
.(a-b)n*an-bn
=g+e^[i+3=12+6^{i

F=(+)' =(#)*=(+)'
_0u_ 3.[z =r[z
n3
J 279

(x-z t+r-2 = (X-')-' * (yo)-'

n4
J -4 ^4
-1-rn
=x4xy-t=4=
v ({r)' {F 34

x2 + (xy)z x2 + (xy r)2 =32 + (z LEY

z2 =
"fi "
=32+32=9+9=18

58
 Lesson One

Example O 1 If 5 x =2 rflnd the vaiue of : 5-x

2 It 3x = 2 s find the value of : (27)x
3Lf 2x=5 rf,ndthevalue of :2x*2

1 '.'5-x= ,..J<-x_I
I
,"'5x=2 -Z
5x
Z ': (21)x = (3t)* = (3*)' ,'.' 3x =2 :. (21)'- (Z)u - s
3 ... 2x*2 _ 2x x 22 ,'.' 2x = 5 .'.2x*2=5x4=20

EIr x ='[6and y =.[i rfind in the simplest form : x4 y-4

B ft 7 x = 5 : find the value of :7- x
B If 5Y = 9 r find the value of : (125)Y
1
@Ir3n+ - 6 r find the value of : 3'

z@ 6zL @ ie 'g1esrno,( ,(q e,tor4

iEE
@
f = eW.
x€€ =
uorsserdxo eql tr E
"npt'lecrrorunu

iA irlrtr
aa tb/
r@
gestnot lq fu1p

59
 Solving the exponential equations in IR

The exponential equations

The exponential equations are the equations in which the unknown is a power.

o I .
Examples for the exponential equatiohs ! 5i!)' = 125 ,t'''i'i't"': =r,
You can solve some of the equations and the exponential equations by using one of the
following methods :

I rn" first method

Make the base = the base r then : the power = the power such that : the base * 0 or + 1

i.e. If a is areal number r m and n are two integers

For example:
If 3n = 9 : then :3n =32
r '.' the base = the base .'. The power = the power @
The second method
Make the power = the power r then :
Either the base = the base r if the power is an odd number
or the base = + the base : if the power is an even number
or the power = zeto r if the base * + the base

60
 Lesson Two

i.e. If a and b are two real numbers r rrr is an integer urA

Gill Uil-l r then :

.
FB if m is an odd number. For example: If n5 = 35 ,then : n = 3

'E= t, if m is an even number. Forexample:If n2 =32 rthen:n=+3

'E;;-l tf a*+b
2
For example: If 7n- = 5n-2, then : n - 2=0 ," n=2

Find the value of n in each of the following :

I 2n+5 = 8 -, on-1-
/ - 8l 1

s (+)'*' = (rt)-' 4 33"-6 _ 53n-6

5 7n(r-3)_ 1 6 3n+2 _ nn+2

Solution | '.' 2"*5 = 8 . 1n+5 -.>3

'.' The base = the base .'. The power = the power

.'.n+5=3 i;= - tl
). ..' on-l
r _ 1
... on-1-
/ 1 - 6. 2
- 81 ^-/ 9z
'.' The base = the base .'. The power = the power

.'. n- l=-2 i;:_ij

3 " (+)".'= (r+) .'. (3)',.' = (T)-',
.'. (+)'.' = (*)' . (+)" .' = ({t)')'
.'. (3)".' = (1)o
: '.' the base = the base .'. The power = the power

,'.n+2=4 .'. in=2i

4 ...33r-6-53n-6 : '.' the power = the power

.'. Either the base = the base or the power = 0
t'.'3*5 .'.3n-6=0
.'.3n=6 .i--oi
..itt-Li

61
 ZZ
5 ... 7n(n-3) . zn(n-3)-t0
- 1 -. I 1l

Notice thot :
r '.' the base = the base
If [a"lil : then : lr= ol
.'. The power = the power
where : a+0 t a*+ |
n(n-3)=0
Eitheri n=0 i or n-3=0 rthenin=3 i

6 ...3r*2-nn+2
'.' The power = the power

.'. Either the base = the base : then i

or the power = 0 : then n + 2 = 0 :.in= -2i

Find the value of n in each of the following :

lA+"+ t - @ :, -5 - 7n-5
1
@2"-2 - 16
64

Find the S.S. of each of the following equations in ]R :

rffi=ro z 3lxl =gl

, (+)"'-* =, i 4 -f
(X + 3)'"=0.01

r'.'ffi=ro .

(23)n
(32 x 21n ^^
x (32)"
_,f

. *-'2n _ no
23' x-/
. )n-3n - 14 n-3n= 4
ini
:. -2n=4 in=-z i

... rhe S.S. = {-z}

2 ...3lxl=g1 .'. 3lxl = 34
:.lxl=4 .'.lx=i+l
... The S.S. = {4 ,_4}
62
 Lesson Two

3
(3\x2-x-" I (+)*'- * =94
\21 -L 4 ''
(+)"'-* = (+)'
.'. x2 - x=Z .'. x2 - x-2=0
By factorizing : .'. (x-2) (x+ 1) = 0

.'. Either X - 2= 0 : then i,_i: 1 I

or X + 1 = 0 : ttren i'i= - i'l ... The S.S. = {2 , _ l}

4 -l- = 0.01
lt
(X + 3)t (x+3)2 100

.11 (X+3)2=(10)2
6.3Y - (lo)i
r '.' the power is an even number .'. X+ 3 = 10 : then i X=i'l

or X+3 =- 10 r theni X=- 13 i ... The S.S. = {l , _ tZ}

Another solution :

. -f^
(X + 3)"
= 0.01 '.11
(x#Y - 100
.'. (X+ 3)2 = 100 ...X+3=+{100
.'.X+3=+10 .'. X+3 = 10 :theni.t---.i.j
or x +3 = - 10 : then i..{.=_-_.ij..j
... The S.S. = {l , _ tZ}

Find the S.S. of each of the foilowing equations in IR z

tr ({t) txt - e
4x r9x+t o1 x
GOX

{z} = 's's {v-, t} ='S'S eI{J -, } ='S'S or{J DA

"qr @ @ {e e --

s@ v-@ eotr
gestnol tq fu1p

63
 on integer powers

#*p}

. You had studied the order of operating the mathematical operations as follows :

2 3 \-,/
Do the ope :rations Calculate Do the multiplication Do the addition
inside the paLrenthesis the powers of and the division in and the subtraction
rrrr*
(the interir crr then the numbers order from left to in order from left
the exte rior). (indices). right. to right.

. Also the scientific calculators follow the same previous order in operating the mathematical
operations.
In the following: some examples as an application for the previous order.

Exqmplq E Find the result of each of the following :

ltro+(tz-21x32-2 2([i)'*3^[i+2^[i,.({t)-'
I

Solution I 20+(12-Z)x32-2=20+ 10x 32-2 (parenthesis)

= 2O + l0 x 9 - 2 (the powers of the numbers)

=2 x9 -2 (division)

=18-2 (multiplication)

=16 (subtraction)
. You can verify the solution using the scientiflc calculator f X-997 ES PLUS
r by clicking the keys in the following sequence from left to right :

G,G,ETIIilIf|AIA UEEEEEIE
 Lesson Three

, ([i)' + znfi + znfi ,(r[)-' = ([i)' * (1F)' * z (di)'-'

-3
= (1E)' + z(fE)t = (^[i)o + 2 x t =e + 2 = tt
. You can verify your solution using the calculator as follows :
start> e @ (p w BC) E g ro E qDg
t@wglQ)glroEe w@IrE
(fr)' *z 1tD)'
Exqmplq Find the result of the following in the simplest form :

I ([ \' . z ([r)' _ e,[i)' * z ([i)'

({i *r)' -o^[i
Solution
---]
(i *r)' - o^[i (2 + a * +n[i)-+^[i
(fzf *z QEf 8+2 4 _2
-z' 6 6'3
I 6

Fincl the result of the following in the simplest form t then check your

'
catcutator e'ht @-

*T
solution by using the
zrfrs * ([i _F),
=
rc x=4[i andy =n[7 : find the numerical value of each of :

nr-Y,
^.4 4 n x- -Y-
I
x'+y' X-y
Solution 1
xo -yo _ (x2 -yle*+'t\ (difference between two squares)
x'*y' lgkf)
=x2_vr=([i)'-(F)'
x' -y' (,\ T) (x2 + xy +y') (difference between two cubes)
J

= X2 + xy +v'= ([i)' *^[i

"^[t
* ([i )'
=5+.[35+7=lz*'[x

If x = lEana y = /V, find the numerical vatue of each of :

1S x3 +y3
x+v

:4-s @
t llestnor{ nq tu1 pf 1

(t : f) Y o/6rlr !\/k*).,rj -'*''r.r14l5iJl 65

:
z
f Probability

J
oe
o 4
Lessons of the unit :
l. Probability

Unit Objectives :
Bythe end of this unit, student should be able to :

. apply what have been studied before about the concept of

a sample and how to select it.
. cdrry out a random experiment and write the sample space.
. calculate the probability of an event.
. recoBrtize the impossible event.
. recognize the certain event.
 a<1
II Probability

You had studied before in the previous year the concept of a sample r its importance and
its types : and you knew that :

@ sample is a small part from alarge society that looks like this society and represents
'The
it well and is selected randomly.
' The sample should wholly represent the society (the object of study) and it shouldn't be
based on a certain group and neglect the other r so that the results of the study can be
near reality and we can make decisions according to these results r so we can generalize
these results on the society as a whole.

For example:
When we hold a survey to know which TV programmes are the most effective on the public
opinion r the survey cannot be applied on all people but we select a sample representing the
society and we perform our investigations on it r then we generalize the results on all society.

Statistical inference
It's a kind of statistical studies that depends on the idea of choosing a sample from the
society it represents: performing a survey for this sample : then generalizing the results on
the society as a whole. This means that we recognize the existence of these results in
the society through their existence in the taken sample.

For example:
If we took a sample from a farm for producing oranges in order to know the possibility
of exporting the production of this farm due to certain conditions and we found that3lo
of this sample is not well for exporting : this does not mean that for each 100 or&nges r
there are 3 bad oranges not well for exporting r but we may flnd one orange or 2 or 3 or 4

68
 Lesson One

oranges not well for exporting or we may not flnd any oranges well for exporting but this
ratio means that
the average of bad oranges of the production of the farmthat are not well for exporting
represents 3Vo of the total production of the farm

We use probability (as we studied before) to express this as we say :

The probability of bad oranges *1"n are not well for exporting from the production of
the farm is 37o (It can be written or 0.03)
fi6
Apupil carried out a survey on a sample of pupils in his school to know
how much they liked mathematics. The sample consists of 30 pupils.
The following table shows the results of the surYey :

The degree of liking maths High degree Middle degree Weak degree
The number of pupils l5 lo 5
According to this survey : if a pupil is chosen randomly from this school :
L What is the probability that (The pupil likes maths with high degree) ?
2 What is the probability that (The pupil likes maths with middle degree) ?

3 What is the probability that (The pupil likes maths with weak degree) ?
4 If the number of pupils in this school is 1200 pupils : then what is the
expected number of pupils who like maths with high degree ?

Solution 1 The probability that (The pupil likes maths with high degree)

-_ 30 -_ 2
the number of pupils who like maths with high degree 15 1

the nu-ber of all pupils in the sample

2 The probability that (The pupil likes maths with middle degree)

10 _
-_ 3O-5
pupils who like maths with middle degree
=the number of 1

3 The probability that (The pupil likes maths with weak degree)

=
the number of pupils who like maths with weak degree _ 5*
-30=-
1
6

4 In the selected sample , we obtained that the probability that the pupil
I

likes maths with high degree =

)
Then it is expected that half the number of the pupils in the school like
maths in high degree.

i.e. The expected number of pupils who like maths in the school with
.l

high degre"=; x 1200 = 600 puPils.

69
 F
z
l

Probability
You had studied before the experimental probability and the theoretical probability
and you knew that :
o The experimental probability :

Depends on performing an experiment r then we register the outcomes : then we use these
outcomes to calculate the probability of occuffence of one of these outcomes using the relation

the number of times of repeating this outcome

The probability of occurrence of a certain event - the number of all possible outcomes

It is noticed that : The more we carry out the experiment r the more we obtain an accurate
value for the probability.

The expected number for occurrence of a certain event

. - the probability of its occurrence x the total number of the given individuals

. The theoretical probability :

It depends on equivalent chances i.e. All individuals have the same chance to occur.

For example:
- When we toss a fair coin and observe the apparent face : then we find one chance of two
chances will occur (either head or tail).
- When we ro11 a fair die and observe the number on the upper face t then the chance of
appearance of each face is the same.

The random experiment is an experiment : where all its possible outcomes are known
before doing it but we can't determine the act:ual outcome.

@The sample space is the set of all possible outcomes of a random experiment and it is
denoted by S. The number of its elements is denoted by n (S)

For example:
. As tossing afair coin once : then 5
= {Heact : T'ail}
' As flipping afair die once and observing the apparent number on the upper face
:thenS = {l tZ t3 r4.rS ,6}
70
 Lesson One

alffifri
It is a subset of the sample space.

For example:
If A is the event of appearance of an odd number when we throw afur die once and
observe the apparent number on the upper face r then :

e= {1,3,5} :AC S and itis saidthatAis an eventin S

Generallg

It is found by using the relation :

i

I
l

the number of elements ofA

i--
I

=n(A)
I

P(A) = r

the number of elements of the sample space n(s) '

Exqmple If a fair die is thrown once and we observe the number on the upper
face r flnd the probability of each of the following events :

1 A is the event of appearance of a number greater than 4

2 B is the event of appearance of an even number.
3 C is the event of appearance of the number 5
4 D is the event of appearance of the number 7
5 E is the event of appearance of a number less than 7
Solution S {l t2 t3 t4 t5, 6} rn(S)=6
=
1 A={5,6} rn(A)=/ P(A)=
?=+
2B={2,+,6}rn(B)=3 .'. P(B)=
z=+
3 C={5},n(C)=1 .'. P(c)=+
4 D= { }otA tn(D)=zero
.'. P (D) =
* = zero (impossible event)
5 E= {t rZ t3 14 15 16} :n(E)=S
.'. P (E) =
t = 1 (certain event) or (sure event)

71
 F
Z
=
Ia Remarks
@ fn. impossible event : is the event which has no chance for occurring.
i.e. The probability of the impossible event equals zero.
@ fn" certain event : is the event whose outcomes are all possible.
The probability of the certain event = 1

@ ffre probability of any event is not less than zero andit is not more than 1
i.e. ForanyeventA r 0<P(A)< 1 P(A)€[O,r]

A bag contains an amount of marbles of the same size and softness.

If 2 marbles are red r 3 marbles are blue and 5 marbles are white.
A marble is drawn randomly. Calculate :

1 The probability that the drawn marble is red.

2 The probabiiity that the drawn marble is blue.

3 The probability that the drawn marble is white.

4 The probability that the drawn marble is not blue.

The probability of getting a certain occunent

the number of chances of getting this occurrent
the total number of chances

'.' The total number of marbles = 2+ 3 + 5 = 10 marbles.

1 The probability that the drawn marble is red

number of red marbles Z _ |
total numberofmarbles - 10 - 5

2 The probability that the drawn marble is blue

number of blue marbles 3
totalnumberof *afttes = m
The probability that the drawn marble is white
number of white marbles _ 5_ 1
total number of marbles 10 2
The probability that the drawn marble is not blue
number of the marbles which are not blue 10 - 3
total number of marbles 10 -m7
72
 Lesson One

Io Remark
In the previous example r notice that :

p (The marble is red) =

h rP (The marble is blue) = t, P flhe marble is white) = t
1?5
''.'i6*rt*fr=l
i.e. The sum of probabilities of all outcomes of the sample space equals 1r

then the probability that an event A does not occur is 1 - P

(A)

blue as follows
According to this : wo c&fl flnd the probability that the drawn marble is not
:

The probability that the drawn marble is not blue

*1
= 1 - the probability that it is blue = 1 - ft =+

In a class : Solre pupils wear don't wear glasses'

glasses and others

If one pupil is chosen randomly from this class and the probability that
this pupil wears glasses is 0.1

1 Find the probability that the pupil doesn't wear glasses'

2 If the number of pupils in this class is 30 pupils : find the expected

number of puPils who wear glasses.

--l
I

Solution 1 The probability that the pupil doesn't weat glasses

glasses = 1 - 0'1 = 0'9
= 1 - the probability that the pupil wears
2 Theexpected number of pupils who wear glasses = 0.1 x 30 = 3 pupils'

A factory of electric sets produces two kinds of televisions' In order

to change the amount of productions due to the requests of shopping
marketlasampleisformedfrom50TVsetsfrom5shopsrandomly.
Its data was as follows :

lndex of shop I 2 3 4 5
Number of sold TV sets from the tst kind 30 42 24 t5 40
Number of sold TV sets from the 2nd kind 20 8 26 35 to

1 Which kind is more requested? And what is your advice to the factory ?

2 If the total production of this factory is 3000 TV sets : what is the

expected number from the flrst kind?

(\. : r) Y o/1s.,sl Y/(CJ,-!) oUJ.'*"-ry4f5ll n

 F
z
f

Solution ' The total sold number of rv sets by the five shops from the flrst kind
= 30 + 42 + 24+ 15 + 40 = I5ITV sers.
' The total sold number of rv sets by the five shops from the second kind
= 20 + 8 + 26+ 35 + I0 = 99TV sets.
.'. The flrst kind is more requested r we advise the factory to increase
its production from the flrst kind.

The probability of production from the flrst kind

number of sold sets from the 1rt kind 151
= 250 = 0.604
.'. The expected number of TV sets produced from the f,rst kind

= the probability of production from the l't kind x the total production
from the two kinds = 0.604 x 3000 = ISIZTV sets.

@ R Uo, contains cards numbered from 1 to 15. If a card is drawn randomly from
the box : what is the probability that rhe number on it is divisible by 5
?

@ I'pupil carried out a survey on a sample formed from 30 pupils in his

school to know which sports are preferable to them. He registered his results
in the following table :

Sport Football Basketball Volleyball Total

Number of pupils 20 6 4 30
By using the previous table, complete the following :
o If a pupil is chosen randomly : then the probability that he practises
basketball = ..........
o The expected number of pupils who prefer
football from the pupils of the
school whose number is 450 pupils = ..........
E e, experiment has 3 outcomes. If the probability of the flrst outcome is 0.3
and the probability of the second outcome is 0.45 : calculate the probability
of the third outcome.
@ e farm has 2000 cows. If rhe probability thar they get infecred with
cow-madness in this farm is 0.17 t what is the number of cows expected to
be infected with this disease ?

saloc Ayg
[f sz'o El
spdnd 969 .
1'a
11estno,tfu 41fl1
74
Second Geometry

unit4

Similarity, converse of Pythagoras'

unit5 theorem and Euclidean theorem' ........'.... 108
r Lessons of the unit :
I. Equality of the areas of two parallelograms
(Theorem (t)and its corollaries).

2. Follow: Corollaries on theorem (1).

3. Equality of the areas of two triangles
(Theorem (2)and its corollaries).

i
4. Follo* : Equality of the areas of two triangles (Theorem (3)).

5. Areas of some geometric figures.

Unit Objectives:
By the end of this unit, student should be able to :

. recognize the altitude of the parallelogram.

o recogl'lize the relation between the areas of two parallelograms
withl common base and between two parallel straight lines, one is
carrying this base.
o re cogrtize the relation between the areas of a parallelogram and
. ,..[angle with a common base and between two parallel straight
lines.
. r€cogtlize the relation between the areas of a triangle and
a palallelogram with a common base lying on one of two parallel
straight lines including them.
. re coBrtize the relation between the areas of two triangles with
a common base and their vertices opposite to this base are on
a straight line Parallel to it.
. calculate the area of a parallelogram'
. calculate the area of a triangle.
. know that the median of a triangle divides its surface into two
triangular surfaces equal in area.
. recognize the properties of the rhombus and calculate its area.
. reCogt'tize the properties of the isosceles trapezium.
. calculate the area of the trapezium.
. use deductive proof to solve geometrical problems.
 Equality of the areas of two

Studying the area of the parallelogram needs firstly to know the concept of the altitude
of
the parallelogram and its base.

The altitude of the parallelogram

. You can consider any side of the parallelogram as a base.

. The altitude (height) of the parallelogram is the length of a line segment perpendicular
to its
base from any point of the opposite side to this base.

For example:

In the opposite figure :

Taking gC as a base of the parallelogram ABCD

: then the length of each of DE , XF , yg is an altitude (height)

of the parallelogram ABCD

EFB
Since the perpendicular distance between two parallel The base
straight lines is constant r

then DE = XF = YB

78
 Lesson One

Ia Remark
The parallelogram has rwo different altitudes (heights). The smaller altitude (height) is
cor:responding to the ionger base , and the greater altitude (height) is corresponding to the
shorter base.
For example: I
I
I !,
In the opposite figure : I

ihr
I

ABCD is a paralielogram whose two different I

altitudes (heights) are : CFB

. h, (the length of or altirude (height) coresponding
) is the -Notice thot : -
to the base BC r also it is corresponding to AO I[-]ucrou , h, <h, I

. h, (the length of DE ) is the altitude (height)

corresponding to the base AB r also it is corresponding to DC

Surfaces of two parallelograms with common base and between two parallel straight lines
r one is carrying this base r are eQual in area.

Given ABCD and EBCF are two parallelograms with a common base BC

andEd ilffi
R.T.P. The area of D ABCD = the area of D EBCF

Proof ... a DCF is the image of A ABE by a translation of magnitude BC

in the direction of gd :@- that

Remember
.'. ADCF:AABE The congruent polygons are equal in area.

(because translation The area of A DCF = the area of A ABE

is isometry)
.'. The area of the figure ABCF - the area of A DCF

= the area of the figure ABCF - the area of A ABE

.'. The area of D ABCD = the area of D EBCF (Q.E.D.)

79
 F
z
f

Exomple In the opposite figure :

ABCD and AFED are two parallelograms ,

C EBE,FEBE ANd AP N DC = {G}
Prove that : EF
The area of the figure ABCG = the area of the figure DEFG
Solution
Given ABCD andAFED are two parallelogrBnlS r C e BE and F €BE
R.T,P. The area of the figure ABCG = the area of the figure DEFG
Proof '.' ABCD and AFED are two parallelograms with a common base AD

, '.' AD llBE
.'. The area of D ABCD = the area of ZAFED
Subtracting the area of A AGD from the two sides :

.'. The areaof D ABCD - the area of AAGD

= the area of D AFED - the areaof AAGD
.'. The area of the figure ABCG = the area of the figure DEFG (e.E.D.)

In the opposite figure :

ABCD and EBCF are two parailelograms ,
E €IB and F cIB
Prove that : The area of A ABE = the area of A DCF

"I#fiiil;::,
guestions

"i::.,j;;;:flk,.n
youranswer.
,.

80
 Lesson One

lmportant corollaries

rffi=llro
The parallelogram and the rectangle with common base and between two paralLel
straight lines are equal in area.

In the opposite figure :

The area of the parallelogram ABCD

= the area of the rectangle AEFD

(They have a common base AD

and they are between the two parallel straight

lines AD and BC )

You can deduce that according to the previous theorem where the rectangle is a special
case of the parallelogram.

ff,i'fl'/aO
The area of the parallelogram = the length of the base x its corresponding height.

You can deduce that from the opposite figure as follows :

'.' The arca of the rectangle = length x width

.'. The area of the rectangle AEFD = AD x AE

'.' The area of the rectangle AEFD = the area of the parallelogram,{BCD (Corollary)
.'. The area of D ABCD = AD x AE = BC x AE

Io Remark
In the opposite figure :
If ABCD is a parallelogram : DF is the corresponding
height of the base BC and DE is the comesponding height of
the base AB , then :

the area of the parallelogram ABCD = BC x DF = AB x DE

i"e" L, xhr= lz*hz

(\\ : r) Y o/6ttet\/@)r)otiJ-,*rqr14f.y6ll At
 t
z
=
DE
Exqm Complete the required beside each figure :

1 If the areaof D ABCD=400 "#. , d

then BC = .......... cm.

l
C F B

Bcm. A

If ABCD is a parallelogram :
then AF = ....".... cm.

The area of the parallelogram

= the length of the base x its corresponding height

.'. 400 = BC x EF .'.400=BCx4
.'. BC =ry= 1oo cm.

'.'ADxAE=ABxAF

*l
Bx4
.'.8x4=5xAF .". AF = -= 6.4 crn.

A parallelogram in which the lengths of two adjacent sides are 4 cm.

and 6 cm. and its smaller height is 2 cm. Find its area.

A parallelogram in which the lengths of tr,vo adjacent sides are 6 cm.

and 8 cm. If its greater height is 4 cm. r find its smaller height.

Solution 1 '.' The smaller height corresponds to the longer base.

.'. The area of the parallelogram = 6 x 2 = 12 cr&
'.' The area of the parallelogram

= the length of the smaller base x the greater height

= the length of the greater base x the smaller height
.'. 6 x 4 = 8 x the smallerheight.

.'. The smaller height = 3 ctn.

#=

82
 Lesson One

Complete the following :

@ aparallelogram whose base length is 72 cm.and its corresponding height

is 5 cm. r then its area = .......... cr*
@ fne area of a parallelogram is $ cr*.and the length of its base is 7 cm. r

then the corresponding height of it = .......,.. cm.

@ anCO is a parallelogram in which : AB = 6 cm. r BC = 12 cm. and its

greater height is 4 cm. : then its area = .......... cr&

@@o
The parallelograms with bases equal in length and lying on a straight line : while the
opposite sides to these bases are on another straight line r are equal in area.

You can deduce that from the opposite figure

as follows :

'.' The straight iine L ll the strught line M

.'.AK=YN=h
X NF
XN
.'. The areaof DABCD = BC x h and the area of D EFXY = FX x h
If BC=FX rthenthe arcaof D ABCD=thearea of D EFXY

At the end
ofeach lesson '
vou will find the
frnal vzg
' ,nr*"t. of trY oY.rrr-
vourself questlons [SCSA Dt loeom = q)qy D Jo eerv: ]u1111 'g1esmo,(,{oelorafl
' the same torm'
t
llestnol nq r{t11o f1

B3
 Follow: Corollaries on

Area of a triangle is equal to half of area of a parallelogram if they have a common base
lying on one of two parallel straight lines including them'

You can deduce that from the opposite figure as follows :

ffi ttIE , ABCD and ABEF are two parallelogr&nlS :

BF ir u diagonal rn D ABEF

.'. The area of A ABF = 1 th" area of D ABFjF

I
r '.' the arcaof D ABCD = the area of D ABEF tTheorerr)

.'. The area of A ABF = * the area of D ABCD

'Z

Ia Remark

In each of the previous figures : the area of A BCE =

1
2
of the area of D ABCD

84
 In the opposite figure :

ABCD and AEFN are two parallelogrotrrs : F

EEBC,DENF
CE
Prove that : The area of D ABCD = the area of D AEFN

Given ABCD and AEFN are two paralielograms.

R.T.P. The area of D ABCD = the area of ZAEFN
Proof '.' A AED has a common base aO wittr D ABCD and E CBC
.'. The area of AAED =
| cfrhe area of DABCD (t)
: '.' A AED has a common base AE with D AEFN and D e FN
... The area of AAED = | of the areaof ZAEFN (2)
From (1) and (2) twe deduce that:
The area of D ABCD = the areaof D AEFN (Q.E.D.)

In the opposite figure :

ABCD is a parallelogram, E eCD and F eAD
Prove that :The area of A ABE = the area of A BFC

@IEilo
Area of the triangle = c/_the length of the base x its corresponding height
|
You can deduce that from the opposite figure as follows :
... The area of A
BCE = | ofthe area of zABCD
: '.' the areaof D ABCD = BC x EF
.'. The area of A BCE =
{ eC , fn
Since BC is the length of the base of the triangle r

EF is the height of the triangle Notice thot :

The height of a triangle is the length of the perpendicular
corresponding to the base BC
line segment drawn from a vertex to the opposite side.

85
 rz
=
Io Rernark
You can consider any side of the triangle as a base : so sll] triangle has three bases and
each base has a corresponding altitude : the straight lines carrying these altitudes intersect
at one point as shown in the following figures :

The acute-angled triangle The obtuse-angled triangle The right-angled triangle

L1 ...'- -...........-
h1

I
A L1,h3

They intersect at a point They intersect at a point They intersect at the vertex
inside the triangle. outside the triangle. of the right angle.

Exqmple I A triangle has a base of length = 8 cm. and its corresponding height = 5 cm.

Find its area.

A triangle of area = 24 cr&. and one of its heights = 4 cm.

Find the length of the corresponding base of this height.
ABC is a right-angled triangle at B r BC = 10 cm. andAB = 8 cm.
Find its area.

Solution 1
... The area of the triangle
= | c/_the base length x its corresponding height.

.'. The areaof the triangle =

t "8 x 5 = 20 cr&
... The area of the triangle of the base length x its corresponding height.
= |
.'. 24 = xthebase length x 4
|
:. 24 = 2 x the base length.
.'. The base length = T = 12 cm.

86
 Lesson Two

3 '.' A ABC is righrangled at B

.". AB is the corresponding height of the base BC

".. The area of AABC =

f nc * an
=t"t0x8 =40cr*

E If the base length of a triangle is 4 cm. and its corresponding height is 3 cm.
r then its area = '... '. '...

E tf the areaof a triangle is 36 cm? and its base length is 9 cm. : then the
corresponding height to this base =

Io Remark
In the opposite figure :

If A ABC is right-angled at A and D e BC

such thar.
'
ao I gC

Thentheareaof AABC = IVC xAD= f Ae )<aC

,.!ncxAD=fan*ec

*1
.'.BCxAD=ABxAC

trn the opposite frgure :

B r D e AC
A AtsC is right-angled at such that : BD IAC,
ifAB=6cm.andBC=8cm.
Find : The length of BO
C 8cm. B

Given A ABC is light-angled at B , BD I eC ,an = 6 cm. and BC = 8 cm.

R.T.F. The length of BD

87
 i
z
f

Proof '.' AABC is right-angled at B

.'. (AC)2 = (AB)2 + (BC)2 =36 + 64 = 100

.'. AC = 10 cm.

,'.'BDIAC
.'.BDxAC=ABxBC
.'.BDx10=6x8
.'. BD=#=4.8cm. (The req.)

In the opposite figure :

ABC is a triangle in whichAB = 10 cm. r BC = 15 cm.

ATIBC,ABnBC={o},

CDB
Find :Thelength of AD +15cm.+

.*c g
El
'*rs E ;*'9 DA
q3gy rue.r3o1e11urcd;o eerB el{l = )mV Jo eerB eLItr (
|
q3gy uur8o1e11e.red;o eere el{l = aflv v Jo eore eI{J : luIH
f
glesrno,(,(q e,ror4
ft

88
 36
re,
v)l<
Equality of the areas of two

. You knew in the previous lesson that :

* .-Th. area of the triangle = f of the base length x its corresponding height. i

According to this , you can say

If the lengths of the two bases of two triangles are equal and their corresponding heights are
equal r then the areas of the two triangles are equal.

'In this lesson : you shall study some different cases of the equality of the areas of two triangles.

E@o
Two triangles which have the same base and the vertices opposite to this base on
a straight line parallel to the base have the same area.

(,IVCN ffirEd,
A ABC and A DBC have the common base BC
R.T.P. The area of AABC = the area of A DBC

Construction Draw AE I Ed and DF I Ed

Proof . ffi ttfr.,AEIEdandDFIffi
.'. AEFD is a rectangle. .'. AE = DF
: '.' the area of AABC = eC * an
{ (1)
and the area of A DBC =
| nCx DF = { nC ><ae (2)
From (1) and (2)twe deduce that :
The area of A ABC = the area of A DBC (Q.E.D.)

(\y : i) y o/6ttet y/(CJ'i) suj.q-ury4f.all ag

 F
z
l

In the opposite figure :

ABC is a triangle in which :

D e AE and E C AC where Oe ll gC
Frove that :

The area of A ABE = the area of A ACD

Given ABC is a triangler nB ll nC

R.T.P. The area of A ABE = the area of A ACD
Proof '.' AA DBE and DCE have the common base DE and nC ll ng
.'. The area of A DBE = the area of A DCE
Adding the area of A ADE to both sides :

.'. The area of A DBE + the area of A ADE

= the area of A DCE + the area of A ADE

.'. The area of A ABE = the area of A ACD (Q,E.D.)

In the opposite figure :

ABCD is a quadrilateral.
Its diagonals intersect at M
, AO ttnp
Prove that :
ttP,c

The area of A ABE = the area of A DFC

K DA

90
 Lesson Three

lmportant corollaries

T@EAO
Triangles of bases equal in length and lying between two parallel straight lines are equal
in area.

In the opposite figure :

€ <+
If AE II BC
andBC=EF=XM:
then the area of AABC = the area of A DEF = the area of A YXM Notice thot; hr = hz - hs

$
In the opposite figure :

ABCD is a parallelogram: its area equals 32 cm?

and E is the midpoint of BC

Find : The area of A ABE

ABCD is a parallelogram whose area = 32 cm?

and E is the midpoint of BC
The area of AABE
'.' AAED has a common base AD with D ABCD and E e BC
.'. The areaofAAED =
| ofthe area of DABCD
.'. The area of A ABE + the area of A DEC

= | tne area of D ABCD = Z = 16 cr*

:'.'BE=EC reOllgC
.'. The area of A ABE = the area of A DEC = t6 =8cm? (The req.)
2

In the opposite figure :

XYZ is a triangle tYB = CZ
and XZ ll AC
Prove that :The area of A AYB = the area of A AXC

91
 F
z
f

The median of a triangle divides its surface into two triangular surfaces equal tn area.

In the opposite figure :

If AD- is a median in A ABC :

then the area of A ABD = the area of A ADC

$)fimtlfim thst: The two triangles have the same

*1
height h and BD = DC

In the opposite figure :

XY ttSC and D is the midpoint of BC

Prove that :

The area of A AXD = the area of A ACY

Given XV ttBC and D is the midpoint of BC

R.T.P. The area of A AXD = the area of A ACY

Proof '.' BD = CD and BC ll XY

.'. The area of A BXD = the area of A CYD (1)

'.' D is the midpoint of BC

.'. AD is a median in AABC
.'. The area of A ABD = the area of A ACD (2)

Adding (1) and (2) :

.'. The area of A BXD + the area of A ABD

= the area of A CYD + the area of A ACD

.'. The area of A AXD = the area of A ACY (Q.E.D.)

In the opposite figure :

ABCD is a parallelogram, F e AD-
and E is the midpoint of BC

The area of A BEF =

t tn" area of D ABCD

92
 Lesson Th ree

Triangles with congruent bases on one straight line and have a coflrmon verlex are equal
in area.

In the opposite figure :

The area of A NAB = the area of A NCD

Notice thot :

The two triangles have the same height (h) and AB = CD

D
L
! Remarn
In the opposite figure :

rf BD =
!nc,
then the area of A ABD = | n" area of a AEC

In the opposite figure :

XBttgD,C€XEandYCXE
such that XC = YE
Prove that:
The area of A ABC = the area of A ADE

Solution
Given XB ttBD and XC = YE
R.T.P. The area of A ABC = the area of A ADE

Proof '.' AA XCB and EYD have equal bases in length

andIE ttffi
.'. The area of A XCB = the area of A EYD (l)
'.' AAAXC andAEYhave a common vertexA ,>rc=YP
and are lying on the same straight line.

.'. The area of A AXC = the area of A AEy (2)

93
 F
z
=
Adding (1) and (2) :

.'. The area of A XCB + the area of A AXC

= the area of A EYD + the area of A AEY

.'. The area of A ABC = the area of A ADE (Q.E.D.)

In the opposite figure :

ABC is a triangle in which D e AC and E €AC
such that :AD = CE
Prove that :
The area of A ABE = the area of A CBD

(seprs 4oq 01 g(Ig v Jo 3or€ eql ppe ueql 6 gJg v Jo EerB eqJ = ogv v Jo €eru eI{J : lulH)
;1esrno,( .{q ea.or6 [f
d]|;,AV nloBore eqtr
f =mAVJoeerB erll6 dJflVJoEere "Wt =dilgVJoeereeq;:1u41)
;1esrno,( ,(q e,ror4 [l

(CXV V lo BerB eql = JZY Y troeem eql . JZY Y lo€ere eqJ = g.f,Y V Jo uere eq1 : 1u41)

;lesrnof fq e,rora @
(oavv:o €eru eql = €ere etll 6 (IJYVJo Bere eqJ, = cgYVJo Ber€ eqJ.: lulH)
cgYVJo
J1esrno,( ,(q error4 ft

94
 Follow: Equali ty of the areas

If two triangles are equal in area and drawn on the same base and on one side of it r then
their vertices lie on a straight line parallel to this base.

Given Area of A ABC = area of A DBC r

gC ir a common base.

R.T.P. IDI ed
Construction Draw AE I Ed to cut ir at E , DF I Ed ro cut itatF
Proof '.' Area of A ABC = area of A DBC

,. lecxAE=fnc"or
.'" AE = DF

,'.'ApIEd,DFIEd
.". AE IIDF
.'. The figure AEFD is a rectangle.

... IB /tfr (Q.E.D.)

95
 F

*T
Z
=
In the opposite figure :

The area of A ABC = the area of the figure DBCE

E
Prove that : Xg ttOC

The area of A ABC = the area of the figure DBCE

-AE IIDC
'.' The area of A ABC = the area of the figure DBCE
: subtractin gthe area of A DBC from both sides
.'. The area of A ABC - the area of A DBC

= the areaof the figure DBCE - the area of A DBC

.'. The area of A ADC = the area of A EDC
..' DC is a common base for them and they are on the same side of it

"'
AE ttDc (Q'E'D')

Exomp_lq E In the opposite figure :

I ngcp is a quadril ateral r M is the point of intersection

I
I

I
of its diagonals r MA= MD and MB = MC
I Prove that : AD // BC

Given MA=MD rMB =MC

RT.P. ED tr sc
I VA= MD tgivcn)
Proof In AA ABM and DCM : ] MB = MC tgircn)
L ,tzAMB) =m(L DMC) (v.o.A.)
.'. AABM: A DCM r
then we deduce that :

The area of A ABM = the area of A DCM

Adding the area of A AMD to both sides :

.'. The area of A ABM + the area of A AMD

= the area of A DCM + the area of A AMD
.'. The area of A BAD = the atea of A CAD :
but they have a cofltmon base AD and on one side of it'
... AD IIBC (Q.E.D )

96
 Lesson Four
D

fl In the opposite fisure :

E is the midpoint of CO , AC n eE = {IuI}
and the area of A MAB = the area of A MDE

Prove that : eE u gC

! If Remarn
two triangles have the same area and they are included between two straight lines and
their bases on these two straight lines are equal in length r then the two straight lines are
paralIel.

I In the following figure : 2 In the following figure :

FC

If B r C r D and E are on a straight line : If CCAF,DCBE,

BC=DE r AC=DE r

the area of A ABC = the area of A FDE the area of A ABC = the area of A FDE
a*-
ie <+
: then ef'll eB
I'--....*-----'
\__J I :then
,
i AF/BE

Exqmple In the opposite figure :

F is the midpoint of XY ,

the area of A ABF = the area of A CFB

Prove that : nC, XV

F is the midpoint of XY ,

the area of A ABF = the area of A CFB

xc ttxv

(\Y i t) Y o/6ttst Y/(C),jr) sln or-,.trl4ldl gl

 F
z
=
Proof '.' F is the midpoint of XY

.'. The area of A BXF = the area of A BFY (1)

r '.' the area of A ABF = the area of A CFB (2)

Subtracting (1) from (2) :

.'. The area of A ABF - the area of A BXF

= the area of A CFB - the area of A BFY

.'. The area of A AXF = the area of A CYF

'.' F is the midpoint of XY .'. XF = FY

.'. AC llxY (Q.E.D.)

In the opposite figure :

B eZY ,C eZY such that ZB =YC
AZB = the area of A ACX
: the area of L

Prove that : ec a xv

(,fCVV;oBerB eql = BZYY loeere otll . XJVVJo€ere eql =flZYY lo eere eq;:1utg)
J1esrno,( .{q e,ro.r4 [l
(sepls qtoq ot gntrv V Jo BerE erll ppe ueql . AhlJ V Jo €oJB e{I = f,htrV V Jo sere eq1 : lutg)

;1es.rno,( ,(q e,ror4 fl

98
 z
o
tn
tn
IJJ Areas of some figures

{ | The rhombus

6 Rem ember that

. The rhombus is a parallelogram whose sides are
equal in length.
i.e.. ffi llDC,aollgC . AB=BC=CD=DA
. The two diagonals of the rhombus are perpendicular and
bisect
each other.

i.e..66rBD 'AM=CM rBM=DM

And now you shall study how to find the area of the rhombus by two methods :

tl Knowing the length of its side and its height.

@ Knowing the lengths of its diagonals.

@
'.' The rhombus is a parallelogram.
.'. The area of the rhombus
= the base length x its corresponding height ui=;
"LJ
and since the side lengths of the rhombus are equal
: then the heights of the rhombus are equal.

i.e. The area of the rhombus = its side length x its height.

99
 F
z
=
For example : A rhombus whose side length is 5 cm. and its height is 3 cm.:
then its atea=5 x 3 = 15 cr&

Exqmp]q II I Arhombus whose perimeter is 20 cm. and its height is 4 cm. Find its area.

l2
I

Arhombus whose perimeter rs24 cm,and its area is 30 cm? Find its height.

'.' The perimeter of the rhombus = the side length x 4

.'.20 = the side length x 4

.'. The side length = T =5 cm.

.'. The area of the rhombus = the side length x the height

=5x4=20cr?
. '.' The perimeter of the rhombus = 24 cm.

.'. The side length of the rhombus = 4

4 =
6 cm.

r '.' the area of the rhombus = the side length x the height
.'.30=6xtheheight
.'. Theheight= =5cm.
*
Second I ft e area of the rhombus knowing the lengths of its two diagonals:

The opposite figure represents a rhombus ABCD whose diagonals intersect at M

.'. The area of the rhombus ABCD

=the areaof AABD + the area of A CBD

=lrBDxAM+lxBDxCM
z-2.
=|Yo(AM+cM)=jxBDxAC

i.e. The area of the rhombus = ofthe product of the lengths of its two diagonals.
|
?
o Remark
'.' The square is a rhombus with two equal diagonals in length.

The area of the square = c/the square of the length of its diagonal.
$

100
 Lesson Five

Exqmple 1 Arhombus whose diagonals lengths are 8 cm. and6 cm. Find its area.
) A square whose diagonal length is 8 cm. Find its area.

3 The area of a rhombu s is 24 crrt, the length of one of its diagonals is 4 cm.

Find the length of the other diagonal.

The perimeter of a rhombus is 40 cm. and the length of one of its

diagonals is 12 cm. Find its area.

A rhombus is of side length 8 cm. and the measure of one of its angles is 60"

Find its area.

Solution 1 The area of the rhombus =

| of theproduct of the lengths of its diagonals
=t"8x6=24cr&.
The area of the square =
| cfthe square of the length of its diagonal
=*"(8)2= txe+=32cr*.
'.' The area of the rhombus = of the product of the lengths of its diagonals
f
.'. 24 =
i " O x the length of the other diagonal.
.'. The length of the other diago nal
42 12 cm.
= =
A
'.' The perimeter of the rhombus = 40 cm.

.'. Its side length =

t = 10 cm.
'El

MI
n
\
and by drawing the rhombus as the figure where

AC = 72 cm. C

.'. AM =
E =6 cm.
... AC T BD .'. (BM)2 = (AB)2 (AM)2
-
.'. (BM)2 = 100 -36 = 64

.'. BM =1[64 = 8 cm.

.'. BD = 16 cm.

.'. The area of the rhombus ABCD =

f eC , nO
-= 1*
2" Dx16=96cr*
101
 t
Z
f

5 By drawing the rhombus ABCD in which

the side length = 8 cm. and m (LB) = 60o
D
r '.' the diagonal of the rhombus bisects
the two angles joining their vertices.

.'. m (L ABM) = 30o

r '.' the two diagonals of the rhombus are perpendicular.

:. m (L AMB) = 90o
r '.' in the right-angled triangle the length of the side opposite to the angle
of measure 30" equals tn" length of the hypotenuse
!
.'.AM=1r8=4cm.
I
.'.AC=2AM=8cm. (1)

, '.' m (Z AMB) = 90o

... (BM)2 = (AB)2 - (AM)2

.'. (BM)2 = 64 - L6 = 48
... BM =n[48 =1F6 4^[i
"3 =
" .

.'. BD = 2 BM = 8{1.*. (2)

From (1) and (2) :

... The areaof rhe rhombusABCD =

| ncx BD = i *)( 818
"
=zzfi cn?

Wl
T
comptetethe fottowins :

I tl The rhombus whose base length is 7 cm. and its height is 5 cm. r

] its area = '........'

L

tr The rhombus in which the lengths of its diagonals are 4 cm. and 6 cm. :
|
its area = ..........

@ fne square whose diagonal length is 6 cm.: its area =

@ fne rhombus whose area is 2I cr*.and the length of one of its diagonals

is 7 cm.r then the length of the other diagonal = """""

@ fne square whose area is 32 crrt, its diagonal length -

102
 Lesson Five

2 | The trapezium (The trapezoid)

.It is a quadrilateral in which two sides are parallel. Small base

. The two parallel sides are called the bases of the trapezium.
. The other two sides are called the two legs of the trapezium.
. The trapezium has one height (h) which is the perpendicular Great base

distance between its two bases.

The isosceles trapezium

It is a trapezium whose two legs are equal in length.

The following are the properties of the isosceles trapezium :

I rrr" two base angles of the isosceles trapezium are equal in measure.

In the opposite figure :

DA
If AD ll BC and AB = DC:
then :

m (L B) = m (L C) and m (L A) = m (Z D)
"4"
A
I fn" two diagonals of the isoscetes trapezium are equal in length.

In the opposite figure :

If AD llBcandAB = DCr
then AC = BD

fl fn" isosceles trapezium has only one axis of symmetry which is

the perpendicular bisector of its bases.
In the opposite figure :

If AD- llBC andAB = DCr

then the straight line L which is the perpendicular

bisector of each of its two bases AD and BC

is the axis of symmetry of the isosceles trapeziamABcD

Notice that : The axis of symmetry of the isosceles trapeziumpasses through the point of
intersection of its two diagonals.

103
 F
Z
f

A right trapezium rs atrapezium whose one of its legs is perpendicular

to its two parallel bases.
In this case , the length of this perpendicular leg is the height of
the trapezium.

The middle base of the trapezium

. It is the line segment joining the two midpoints of the two legs of the trapeziam.
. The middle base of the trapezium is parallel to each of its two parallel bases and its length
equals half of the sum of lengths of the two parallel bases.

In the opposite figure : DA

-/--_-\
ff AD ll BC rXisthemidpointof AB andYisthemidpointof CD,
then: /\
CB
Xy is the middle base of the trapeziam ABCD

xv ttnc I ap
1

XY=+(AD+BC)
'2'
l:tor r:xample:

If ABCD is a trapezium in which the lengths of the two parallel

bases are 5 cm. and 13 cm. r

tl'ren the length of the middle base xy =ry= 9 cm. 13cm. B

And now you shall study how to find the area of the trapezium by two methods :

ffi Knowing the lengths of its two parallel bases and its height.

ffi Knowing the length of its middle base and its height.

104
 Lesson F ive

The area ofthe trapezium knowing the lengths

of its two parallel bases and its height:

In the opposite figure

I
:

The area of fte trapezium ABCD

= the area ofA ABD + the area of A DBC

=jen,nr+]ec,on
=tl,"t+!l,,tt
= ] l,(, + l,t= ! llr* !"1,r,

lhe area ol rhe rrape/ium halloirhe.Umollengthsolthet$oparutt.t Uur", tr"igl',r

The areaofthe trapezium knowing the length

ofthe middle baseand its height:
'. The length of the middlc base = + the sum ofthe two lengths ofthe two pal.allel bases.

The area of the tlapezium = the length of the middle base x height

Irr the opposite figure :

If ABCD is a lmpezium in wllch aO // nC r

ltl I
X is the midpoint of ABr Yl+_:\x
/ th \
Y ic rhe ,nidpoinr olCD
"nd L F BC such tJr bE gC.
,/
,t{
l-jt, \
CIB
then the area of the hapeziumABCD = Ixh

Exomp A trapezium in which the lengths ofthe two parallel bases are 7 cm.
and 9 cm. and its height is 5 cm. Find its area.

A trapezium in rvhich the length ofits middle base is 8 cm.

and its height is 12 cm. Find its area.

A tlapezium whose area is 126 cm?, and thc lcngth of its middle base

is 21 cm. Find its height.

A lapezium whose area is 63 cm? and the ieogth of one of its parallel bases
is 8 crn. and its height is 9 cm. Find the length oI its other base.

(\' r), r/GJ,!l,/(rl,)lLr!"-q,rlil IOS

 T
z
f

Solution 1 The area of the tapezium

= half the sum oflengths of the two parallel bases x height

I

2l r9rx5-1x 10,,5-8 5=40cml

=J17
The area ofthe tmpezium = the length of the middle base x height

=8x12=96cm?
'. The area ofthe trapezium = the length ofthe middle base x height.

.'. 126 = 21 x height. .. height = 1?q = 6 cm.

"21
'. The area of the trapezium = (1,
i +lr) xtr
2

...63=+(8+1,)xe ... (8+lr) x9=63 x2

..8+1, 63x2 = 14 cm. ... lr=14 g=6srr.

Complete the following :

l_1 ]The trapezium in which the lengths of the two parallel bases are 5 cm.
and 7 cm. and its heisht is 4 cm., then its alea =

,2lThe trapezium in rvhich the length of the middle base is 10 cm. and its
heisht is 5 cm.' its area =

L1'The trapeziun, 'whose alea - 60 cm? and its height = 6 cm., thon tho longth of
its middle base =

! The tlapezium whose area = 100 cmi and the lengths ofthe two parallel
bascs are 5 cm. and 15 cn., then its height = ....

106
 n
SUM IU
The figure The perimeter The area

The The sum of the lergths I of the base lengtl . height

triangle
.-t--. - of its thrce sides ' =]l'n
//N/
The sum of lengths of
The
parallelograrn /
\, ryl,
nt //
two
adjacent sides x 2
The base length x height
[, xhr xh,
= = L,
-t,l -l'
i !2,

*t_
-'!!t

The t 2 (Length + Wjdth) Length x Width

rectangle =2(l+rv)
I

The -t--* Square of side lcngth = / 2

square Sidelengthx4=41 orlof thc square ot it'

dicgonal lengrh rl -j

Side length x height = I x h or

The
rhombus Sidelengthx4=41 ]-the
the product of the lengths of
two diagonals = j r, x r,

-!,-
1
the sum of lengths of the two
2
parallel bases x height
The
trapezium
The sum of lengths
of its sides
=]( +1,1 ,r,
or the leryth of drc middle base
x height
=lxtr
.u.0rlzl .ruc0r
[g ;IlIc 0r [a ;"r.bzlla
.*,8[e .rur
]
e {r l ;rr,r8rEl ;utl zr l?) ;*"s€EO
I psLnot tq tu1 p
f,

107
 Similarity, converse of
:
z Pythagoras'theorem
J and Euclidean theorem.
Lessons of the unit :
l. simitarity.
2. Converse of Pythagoras' theorem.

3. Projections.

4. Euclidean theorem.

5. Classifying triangles according to their angles.

Unit Objectives :
By the end ofthis unit, student should be able to :

. recognize the two conditions of similarity of two polygons.

. recognize when two triangles be similar.
. use similarity to solve some real life problems in geometry.
. revise what have been studied before about Pythagoras'theorem.
. apply the converse of Pythagoras' theorem to determine whether
a triangle is right - angled or not.

. recognize the projection of a line segment on a straight line.

. determine the relation between the length of a Iine segment and
the length of its projection on a straight line.
. recognize Euclidea n theorem.
. use Euclidean theorem to find the unknown side lengths of
a trla ngle.

. classify the triangles according to their angles.

. determine the type of an angle of a triangle given its side lengths.
. appreciate the role of geometry in real life.

1r
 Similarity

t
-

f
>
I
\

x The concept of simila ty is used many times in our daily life.

For examp e: I (.|i'

" When you take a photo for you with a camera , then
)our phoro appears on the screen a. a minimrzing.
In this case , it is clear that your photo is similar to you.

" The data show set convefts an image from

the computer into an enlarged image on the
screen. In this case , it is said that the image
on ihe screen and the image on the computer
are similar.

oftwo polygons

Definition
It is said that two polygons (of the same number of sides) are simllar if the following two
conditions are verjfied together :
-
Their conespoldi11g angles ar-e equal in measure.
Their co(espolding side ]engths are proportional.

The symbol - is used to express similarity , \'. 11.' I r\,r rl L

the polygoD ABCD - thc polygon XYZL

the polygonABCD is similar to the polygon XYZL

110
 Lesson one

According to the preyious definition I if ABCD and XYZL are two polygons where :

tln(zA)=m(1x)
,m(ZB)=m(zY)
)tI](LC)=rl1(LZ)
,m(1 D)=m(ZL)

i.e, The measures of the corespoldi[g angles are equal.

AX=#=Z=#="on.,*,.
The lengths of the conesponding sides are propor-tional

I then from tl and @ r rve deduce that : the polygon ABCD - the polygon XYZL 1

! Remark@
In the two similar polygons Pl and P2 , the constant ratio among the lengths of the
cotesponding sides of Pl and P2 is called the ratio of enlargement or the drawing scale.
If the constant ratio is :
. Greater than 1 r then the polygon Pr is an enlargemerlt to the polygon P,
. Less than 1 , then the polygon Pl is a minimizing ofthe polygon P,
. Equal to 1 , then the polygon P1 is congruent to the polygon p2

! Remarh @
In order that two polygons are similar , the two colditions should be verified together and
ve fying one of them only is not enough to be similar.

For exampie:
. The square and the rectallgle are not similar polygons
although dre measures of their conesponding angles are
equal (each of them is a right angle) but their coresponding Rectangle Square
side lengths are not propottional.
. So the squarc and the thombus are not similat polygons
although their corresponding side lengths are proportional but
the measures of thok coresponding angles are not equal.

In the square , each angle is a right aogle but in the rhombus

that doesr't exist.

'1'r1
 i
Z

! Remark@
The congruent polygons are simiiar but it is not necessary that the similar poiygons are
congruent.

! Remarh @
A11 regular polygons of the same number of sides are similar.

For example: A11 squares are similar.

! Remark@
If each of two polygons is similar to a third polygon , then they are similar.

! Remarh@
The order of corresponding vefiices should be kept in giving names ot' similar polygons that
to help us finding the proportional sides lengths and the equal angles in measures

For example:

If we write Pr (ABCD) is similai to PI(XYZL) ,

then we deduce directly that :

ll AB_BC_ CD_pA
- XY Y7. ZL LX
@m(.L A) =m(tx) ' nt (L B) = t'D (L'{) ,
t\l(L C) - m(LZ') ,m (l D) = m (Z L)

Example In the opposite figure i

The polygon ABCD -
the polygon XYZL find
the measurcs and lengths
of the unknown elements
L
in the two polygons.
Also find the l-atio of enlargen]ent.
solution
The polygon ABCD - the polygon XYZL ,m(zA)=70'
t]riL(L C) = 135" , m (Z Y) = 65"
,AD=XY-3 cm.,BC=2.1 cm. ,
YZ= 1.4 cm. , ZL = 1.8 cm.

112
 Lesson One

1 m(ZB) ,m(zD)
'm(1X) tm(LZ) tn(LL)
R.T. F.

, the length of each of : ,q.g , CD- ana I-X

2 The ratio of enlargement.

Proof '. The polygon ABCD - the polygon XYZL (givc )

.'. m (1 A) =m (z x),m (z B) =m (z Y),

m ( L C) = n (L Z), n (L D) = n (L L)
.'. n (L x) ='70', m (L B) = 65", i't (L Z) = 135"

r '. the sum of measurcs of the angles of the quadrilateral = 360'

.'. rt (L D) = n (L L) = 360' - (70' + 65' + 135") = 90'
,. the polygon ABCD - the polygon XYZL (given)

. AB_BC_ CD_DA
,,lrY_YZ ZL_ LX
AB_2.1 CD_
''. 3 -1.4-_
3
*LX
1.8
AB_ CD_ 3 3
''. 3 -1.8 -LX 2

.. ne= 3j=4.scm..Co ! I
=2.7cm. ,LX=2cm.
22
The ratio of enlargement (The constant ratio among the lengths

of the conespondilg si.1.9 = (The rcq.)

# = +

! nemark
In the previous example r we notice that :

The perimeter of the polygon ABCD = 4.5 + 2.7 + 2;7 + 3 = 12.3 cm.
The perimeter of the polygon XYZL = 3 + 1.4 + 1.8 + 2 = 8.2 cm.

The perimerer ol polygon ABCD l2.l r

The peri,;;;G;;on xyzl - 8.2 = i = (he ratio ol enlargemenr'

l.e. The ratio between the pedmeters of two similar polygons = the ratio between the
lengths of two corespording sides.

(\o ; r) r n/6J,&r y^cF) our sq-", rEdl 1tS

 is
Exomple p Trvo similar polygons whose lengths of the sides of one ofthem are 3 ,5 ,6
,8 and 10 cm. and the perimeter ofthe other = 48 cm.
I Find : The lengths of the sides ofthe second polygon.
Solution
G iven Let the first polygon be ABCDE ancl the seco"d be Ag-idi
ABCDE i' r pol)gon uho.e lencths oI its sid". qe . eC . cD . DE
and EA are 3 , 5 ,6 , 8 and 10 cm. respectively , tlte pe meter
of the polygon ABCDE equals 48 cm. , the polygon ABCDE

is similar to.Adidi
R.T.F. The lengths of the sides of the polygon An'iDE
lrroot '. The polygon ABCDE - rhe polygon AliiDi
the oerimeter ot AIiCdi
t r.""rffi;;;
,n" i" - *t r'rlio ol enlar€ernenl
,18 4s 3
3+5+6+8+10 32 2
Ad da id dE =EA
,.AB BC CD DE
. AB BC CD -DE _ EA3
3 5 6 8 10
.. AB = 4.5 cm.,BC = 7.5 cm. ,
CD = 9 cn,.,DE = 12 cm.'EA = 15 cm. (The req.)

In the opposite figure :

t f ABCD - t-l XYZL L z
n/60/ '--*t
Find :

[L]- 1z v;
//": /
Yt/
C 4cm. B
/s
la The length of XY

114
 Lesson One

Similarity of two triangles

You knew that for two polygons in or.der to be sirnilar, two conditions shoulcl be
ve fied togetlter, one of them is not enough to say that the two polygons are similar.
But in tiangles, one condition is enough to say that the two t.ia[gles are similar.

A geometric fact :

The two triangles are similar if one ofthe two following conditions is verified :

!t The mcasures ofthefu conesponclirlg angles are equal.

A The iengths oftheir coresponding sides are proportional.

According to the previous fact i

A
tl If ABC and DEF are rwo triargles lvhere :

m (1 A) = m (1 D),m (Z B) = m (Z E)
,m(ZC)=m(ZF) /\
,thenAABC-ADEF DE
As a result for their similarity r we find that :
AB BC CA
DE EF FD r-Y-\ r-\n
ABCDEF
A If ABC and XYZ are two rriangles where :

AB BC_AC A
XY YZ XZ ,,/
,thenAABC-AXYZ "
)' ///
As a result for their similarity r we find that : ,// ,,/ /
(ZA) =m (Z X),
zv/./
rn m (Z B) = m (Z Y)
CB
'm(LC)=m(LZ)
! Remarks
@ The two right-angled t angles are similar if the measure of an acute allgle in one of
them is equal to the measure of an acute angle in the otlter.

@ The two equilateral triangles are similar.

@ The two isosceles r angle s are similar if the measure of an angle in one of them
equals the rneasure of lhe conesponding angle in the other.

115
 ZS
ExompQ In the opposite ligure :
ABC and EFD arc two

t angles. In them ,
ll gcnr

m(1 B)=m(zF)= 115',

m(LA)=22",m(LD)=43"'
AB = 9 cm. rBC= 5 cm. rAC = 12cm. andED = 18 cm.
Find : The length oleech ol tF anLl l-D

solution
m(ZB)=m(1F)=115',
r\ (L A) = 22" 'm(LD) = 43't
AB =9 cm.,BC = 5 cm.,AC= i2 cm,ED = 18 cm.
The length of each of : EF and PD
'. The sum of the measu$ oI the interior angles of a tiangle = 180"
..InAABC:m1 Cr - 180' -rl15' - 22't - 4r'
InAFFD: m (2 E,. 180'-ra3'I ll5")-22"
'. t11 (L B) = n (LF)= 115', m (Z C) = m (L D) = 43''
r](.LA)=n(LE)=22"
... - A EFD
AABC
... AB_BC_AC
EF FD ED
.'' q 5 _12_2
FF FD 18 3
... pp = ! -1= r3.5 ... ,
2

pn = Il = 7.5
(The req.)
2 "..
Exomple In the opposite ligure :

ABC is a triangle ir which :

AC=+AB=6cm..BC=9cm.
,ECAB r where EB = 5 cm. and EF // BC

Find : Thc lengrh oicach ol Ei anJ CF

'1
16
 Lesson One

Solution
AC =.; AB =6 cm. . BC =a cm. . BE = 5 qm. a.6EF,, BC

The length of each of : gF and CF

'. iAB=6
I

.'. AB = 12 cm,

.. AE= 72- 5 =7 cm.

...wttsc
B) (Corr.esponditlg anglcs)
.'. m (Z AEF) = m (Z

, m(L AFE) = m (.L C) (('oIesp(rlding l lrlcs)

r '. 2 Ais a common angle in A A AEF and ABC

. . A At I, - A ABC , then we deduce that . Af =fn-af

AB BC AC
. z=!E=4I
t2 9 6

... EF=-lll=5 -!+ cm. ,

t2
hx
*= /
t2 =Jicm.
.. CF=6-3 I ^l
1=t1cm. (Tlte req.)

Excmple In the opposite figure : /.

ABC and XYZ are two tdangles.
In them rAB = 4 cm. rBC=6cm.
rAC = 3 cm. ,XY= 10 cm.
>YZ = 15 cm. and XZ ='1 ,5 cm.
I Prove that: AABC L){YZ -
2 Find : m (ZA) +m (L-{) +m (LZ)
Soiut;on
Given AB =4cm.:BC=6cm. rAC=3 cm. r
XY = 10 cm. tYZ= 15 cm. aIrdXZ='l.5 cm.

117
 R.T.P. AABC-AXYZ
R.T. F. n1(L A) + nr (LY) + tr,(L Z)

Proof ln AA ABC and XYZ ,

AB-e 2.Bl^-b 2.Aq l-2
iy=to 5'r7 - : \z 7.5-s
, AB_BC_AC
"X\ YZ XZ
A XYZ (Finr req.)
... AABC -
..m(zA)=m(/x) (1)

'. The sum of the measures of the interior angles of the triangle = 180'
..FromAXYZ:
m (1 X) + m (1 Y) + m (tZ\= 139"

Substituting from (1) :

.. m (Z A) + m (Z Y) + m (tZ1 = 139" (Second req.)

In the opposite figure :

AADE - AABC,AE = 6 cm.,AD = 7 cm. andBE = 8 cm.
Find :
The length of DC
_.
r ne muo
DE
Ea

Exoae]q In the opposite figure : A

$ A
eBC is a righr-angled triangle at
a,4\
I .oeec*he'eADl BC
,/ ) \
ProYe that : B

T AABD - A CAD

2 AABD-ACBA

't 18
 Less o n One

Solution
Given ABCisat angle in which : m (1A) = 90' , an f SC

R.T. P. AABD-ACAD AABD-ACBA

Proof InAABD: . m(ZADB)=90"
.. m(ZB)+m(1 BAD) = 90'
,. m (Z BAD) + m (Z DAC) = 90'

..m(1B)=m(ZDAC)
In AAABD , CAD :

'. m(1 B)=m(ZDAC) I ,,,

,m(1ADB)=m(ZCDA)=90'
.. m (1 BAD) = m (Z ACD)
... AABD-ACAD (Q,E,D, I)
IrAAABD,CBA: . m (1 BDA) = m (Z BAC) = 90' , Z B is common
.'. m (Z BAD) = m (Z C)

... AABD .- A CBA (Q.E.D.2)

the previous example r \re deduce that

- InFrom :

the dght-angled triangle , the peryendicular from the vefiex of rhe right angle to the
, hypotenuse divides the triangle into two similar triangles and each of them is similar to
*" o.rtnl a-*t
-

z-
I .L,
.uI.rEA
-'?t t .ozr U- Il
@
-nstnottontl 1
'19
 Converse of Pythagoras' theorem

You hav€ studied last year how to find a side length of a dght angled triangle , knowing
the lengths ofthe other sides , using Pythagoms' theorem which show the relation among
the squares of the side lengths of the right angled triangle.

If ABC is a dght-angled triangle atA

then (BC)2 = (AB)'?+ (AC)2

,
.

In this lesson , we present to you how to determine whether the triangle is right-angled or
not r using the converse of Pythagoras' theorem

The converse of Pythagoras' theorem

In triangle , if the sum of the areas oftwo squares on two sides

a

is equal to the area of the square on the third side' tllen the angle
opposite to this side is a dght angle.

IIABC is a tliangle in rvhich (AB)2 + (AC)2 = (BC)2

, then m (Z A) = 90.

120
 Lesson Two

- We can state this theorem as follows :

In a triangle r if the square of the length of a side is equal to the sum of the squares of the
Iengths of the other two sides, then the angle opposite to this side is a right angle.

@
In AABC , if AC is the longest si<1e and if (AC)2 r (AB)2 + (BC)2,thel m(LB) * gO"

and the tdangle is not ght-angled.

Exomple In the opposite figure :

ABCD is a quadrilateral in which :

m (Z B) = 90' ,AB = 4 cm.:

BC = 3 cm. r CD = 12 cm. and DA = 13 crn.

ProYe that r m (Z ACD) = 90"

Solution
Given m(1 B)=90",AB =4cm. rBC=3cm.
rCD=12cm.rDA=13cm.
R.T. P. m (Z ACD) - 90o

Proof '. ABC is a tliangle in which : m (1 B) = 90"

.. (AC)2 - (AB)2 + (BC)2 (Pyrhagorrs' thcor.crry

..(AC)2=16+9=25 ..AC-5cm.
InAACD:
.. (AD)2 = (13)2
= 169 , (cD)2 = (12)2 = 144,(AC)2=6)2=2s
.'. (AD)2 = (AC)2 + (CD)2
.. m (Z ACD) = 90" (Convelse ol Pythagor-as th.-or-em) (Q.l].D.)

Exqmple In the opposite figure :

ABC is a tdangle , AD- I BC , D e BC where :

BD= 1 cm. rDC=4crn.andAD=2cm.

ProYe that : m (Z BAC) = 90'

(rr: r)i o/GJ &lrl(.r) oLn r!-L-r<Edl i2.l

 ZS
Solution
ABC is a ffiangle in which : AD .]- BC
rAD = 2 cm., DB = 1 cm. andDC =4 cm.
R.T.P. rn (1 BAC) = 90"
Proof In AADB :

'. m (Z ADB) = 90'

.. (AB)2 = (AD)2 + (DB)z {Plthrgores' theolerl])
.'.(as)2=++t=s (1)

In AADC : . m(ZADC)=90'
... (AC)2 = (AD)2 + (DC)2 1Prthagolas rheorenrl
.'. (AC)2=4r 16=20 (l)
Adding (1) and (2) : .'. (AB)2 + (AC)2 = 5 + 20 = 25
,. BC=BDtDC=1+4=5cm.
.'. (BC)z =25 .'. (AB)2 + (AC)2 = (BC)2
.'. m (Z BAC) = 90" (Cour er sc ,ll Pi'thagolits th('olenrl (Q.lr.D.)

ffi In the opwsite figure :

ABCD is a rectangle ,ECAD
D 16cm. E
f Z-t
9ch. A

e,,,\
x//\
-1,.'
such that : AE = 9 cm. , ED = 16 cm.
and DC = 12 cm.
\
Prove thdt : n (L BEC) = 90"

+ 5^ord I lurH
z(aJ) z(as) = z(JO reql
Jtas.moI Iq e^ord

t lto noi iq y'rt r"@

122
 E
"g
/71

q
I
il

-_-
--.-
JE-"
fl The projection ofa point on a straight line
In ttre opposite figure :

L is sfaight line the two points

a
'
A and B are not belonging to the straight line L
(..iA
Draw from A the ray Af I L to cut L at A
Then draw Aom B rhe ray Bf I L to cut L at B'

The point A is the position of the peryendicuiar. segment drawn fiomA to the straight line L

cnd ir is cal.ed the projecrion ol the poinr A on rhe \rraighl line L

Also the point B' is the position of rhe perpendicular segment drawn ftom B to the straight
line L and it is called the projection of the point B on the straight line L

If the point C CL : then its perpendicular prcjection on the staight line L is the same point C

Generallg
The projection of a point on a straight line is the point of intersectiol of the
perpendicular segment from this point to the straight line.

If the point lies on the straight line, its projection on ir is the same point.

123
 F
z
l

I Remarh
In the opposite frgure :
the pornt A rs ttle proJectron

of the point A on the straight line Ee CB

2 | fhe projection of a line segment on a straight line

. In the opposite ligure :

AB is a given line segment, L is a given straight line in

the same plane.

Through oul study of the projection of a point on a straight

line , we can get the projection of the point A on the staight

line L to be A , aho we can get the pro.jection of the point B on the straight line L to be B'

Similarly we can get the projection of any point belonging to AB on the straight line L '
rhen \e $ill find that thi. projection belongs to AIi

For example:

Ilthe poinr C CAB. then i rthe projecLion oIC on Lr C qB

and if the poinr D G nB. tnen d tthe projecrjon olD on Lt CIB- and so on.

Therefore :

The line segment AB is r}e projection of AB on fie straight line L

G enerallg
The projection of a line segment on a given staight li[e is the line segmelt whose two
endpoints arc the projections of the two endpoints of the main line segment on this
staight line.

The following table shows the relation between the length of a line segment and the
length of its projection on a given straight line :

124
 Less o n Ihree

projection on L The relation

lheli11seemg, Its
.

:id<as

AB<AB

AB <AB

il AB=AB
-" -r-
I
The point C
* _+.+L IB

Fr.(nD the table, lue notice that :

The lergth of the projection of a line segment on a givel sffaight line s- the length of
the line segment.
-
E@@
tl In the opposite ligure :

IE is a given ray , L is a given staight line in the same

plane. It A is $e projecljon ofA on $e srraiSht line L . B is
the projection of B on the staight line L ,
then the ray AB is rhe projecrion ol the ray AB on fie
straight lire L
ff D CAE, Df AB and if d is the projection of D on
rhe slraighr [ne L. $en tj €IB . d ef B

G enerullg
The projection of a ray on a shaight line not perpeodicular to it is a ray C this straight line.

125
 I
z
=
fl In the opposite ligure :
*l
If AE I the straight line L, then the projection of Alj t
-.......* L
on the staight line L is the point C ------------!
C

Generallg
The projection of a ray on a stuaight line peryendicular to it is a point belonging to the
sftaight line.

4 I The proiection of a straight line on another straight line

tt In the opposite frgure :

The projection ofIE or the slxaight line L
1s the straight line IS which is the straight line L itself.

ttllenerallg
The projection of a staight line on another staight line not peryendicular to it is that
a]lother straight line.

fl In the opposite figure :

Il AB I rhe .uright lrnc I . rhen rhe projccrlon

of AB on the straight line L is the point C

Generallg
The projectior of a straight line on arother straight lire perpendicular to it is the point of
inte$ection of the two staight lines .

Exomple !l In the opposite Iigure :

AABC is right-angled atA and AD I BC , complete :

I The projection of AB on Ed ir; "

2 The projection of AC on BC js

3 The projection of BC on AC is "'

4 The projection of BC on AB is '

5 The projecrjon ot AC on Id i"

r' The projcction ol AD on BC i.

I The pro-ection ol AB on id is

126
 Lesson Th ree

I
Soluti on DB DC AC 4BA
5 AD 6 The point D 7 AD-

Exomple In the opposite figure :

BD n AE = {C}' m (L B) = \t1 (L D) = gO"'
AB =6cm. ,AC= 10cm. andDE=3 cm.
D
F'ind : The length of the projection of AE on ED g

Solution ... AB I BD .'. B is the projection ofA on BD

,. sDfE .. D is the projection ofE onE6
.', BD is the projection of AE on BD : . A ABC is right-angled at B
.'. (BC)2 = (AC)'z - (AB)z = (10)2 - (6)2 = 64 (Pyrhagorrs' thcorcnr)
..BC=8cm. , . in AA ABC and EDC :

m (z B) = m (Z D) = 90' and m (ZACB) = m (z ECD) (v.o.A.)

..m(1A)=m(zE)
.. A ABC - A EDC ind we deduce lhdl :

AB_BC_AC
ED DC BC
... 63 __8 _lq
_DC_EC

...p6=!lL=4",o. ..BD=BC+DC=8+4=12cm.
6
.. The length of the projection of AEonEd= 12 cm. (Thc rcq.)

In the opposite figure :

ABC is a triangle in which AB = BC = 5 cm.r
AC = 8 cm., AD I CB and BE -L AC
Complete the following :
I The projection ol qg on Ei i' ...
ii ]The length of the projection of AB on id =
]The projection of AB on 16 the projection of
=
.... on i6
i4lThe length ofthe plojection ot' BE on Ai =
l5- The area ofA ABC =

;ru. zr El JV 'uDf=svG

127
 Euclidean theorem

In the right-angled triangle the area of thc square on a side

'
of thc right anglc is cqual to the area of the rcctangle whose
dimensions are the length ofthe projection ofthis side on
the hypotenuse and the length of the hypotenuse.
Euclid

In thc opposite flgure :

lf A ABC is right angled at A

,DCBCwheTeADIBC
r thel :

(AB),=BDXBC
(AC)z=CDxCB

Notice thot :
. BD i. ihe lcngrh ot ol AB on Ei
rhe projecrion
. CD :. the lenglh ol rhe proiccrjon ol AC on BC

@t@
IfA ABC is ght-angled at A , D CBC such that : AD I BC , then : =BDxDC

-128
 Le sso n Fou r

We can deducc the previous rorollary as fbllorvs : j\

'. 4 ABD is right-angled at D

.'. (AB)2 = (AD)2 + (BD)2 (Pylhagor.as' the{nem)

.. (AD)'?= (AB)'?- (BD)2 but (AB)2 = BD x BC (Bucticlear theorcm)

.'. (AD)2 = BD x BC (BD)2 = sp 136 - sr) = BD x DC (Q.E.D.)

I Remark
IIA ABC is righr angledatnandDCBC

such that AD- I BC , then : AD = AB xAC

And we can prove that as follows : '

The area ofAABC =
{ nc * aO = jee,.ac
..AD=s'AC
BC
^'

We can deduce tle Euclidean theorem anal its corollaries using similarity
of two triangles as follows :

In the opposite ligure :

ABC is a right-angled triangle at A

,D € BC where AD- 1 BC
In AA ABC I DBA :

'. m (L BAC) = m (LADB) = 90', Z B is common

..m(ZC)=m(ZBAD)
... aABC-ADBA (t)
, by the same way in M ABC : DAC :

'. m (1 BAC) =m (ZADC) = 90', Z C is conrmon

r. m(ZB)=m(ZDAC)
... AABC - A DAC 1,])

(,v ,)i +/6r E y/(.,i) ori, !q-"-1lalil tZg

 tZ

, ftom (1) ... AABC,ADBA"ADAC

,..'AABC-ADBA ... AB_BC (AB)2=DBxBC

DB BA

, '..AABC,ADAC . AC_BC
..DC-AC (AC)'z=P6r36

,.-.ADBA"ADAC , DB-DA
..DA (DA)2=PgYP6
DC

,...AABC-ADBA ... BC_AC DA=

BA DA BC

In the following , we write the summary of the relations

of Pythagoras' theorem and Euclidean theorem :

CB
(BC)2=(AB)2+(AC)2
(AB)'?=(BC)'?-(AC)'? (BA)'?=3P;96 (CA)2=6Pt63
(AC)2=(BC)2-(AB)2

(DA)2=DBxDC AD= AB xAC

BC

Exomple I In the opposite figure :

xYZ is a ghl-an81ed lriangle at x ,XL LYZ

L srch rhar : L CYZ I YL = 9 cm. and LZ = l6 cm.
Find: I The length of XY 16cn L 9cn. Y

2 The length of XZ
-l The length of XL
130
 Lesson Fo! r

!e!!i,ton
Givenn tl.t (L YXZ) = m (L XLZ) = 90" t\L=9cm.tLZ=16cm.
R.T.F. 1 The length of IY
2 The length of XZ
3 The length of XL
Proof '. A XYZ is righr-angted ar X , XL I YZ
,', {X112 =YY, YT,Euclidcan theorenr)
:. (xY)z =g x25 = 225
.'. XY= 15 cm. ([irsr leo )

Similarly :

(X212 =7Y72Y ,n,clidean theorenr)

.'. (XZ)2 = 16 x 25 = 4OO .'.XZ=20cm. (second req.l

, '.' (fr-)z =LY xLz(Corollary)

.'.(){.L)2=9x16=144 .. XL= 12cm. (Third req.)

Aflother solution to find. the length of XL

XY
^X7. 15 ).20 --
\z 25
And we can find the length of XL using any ofthe two right-angied

triangles XLZ or XLY using Pythagoras' theorem as follows :

In the right-angled hiangle XLY

(xL)2- (xy)2-(yl-)z = (ts)2 (g)2 = zzs 8t = t44

.'. XL = 12 cm.

Exomple I In the opposite figure :

A ABC is dght-angled at B and D e AC-
l
such that ED -L aC ,

AB=8cm.andCB=6cm.
Find : 1 AC 2DB
3 At
The lengtl of the projection of BC- on

4 The length of the projection of AB on Id

131
 ZJq

liollrr!tirlkI
civen AABC is dght-angled at B ,BDIAC-,AB =Scm.andCB =6cm.
R.T.F. AC DB

i Id
The length of the projection of BC on

.t The longth of the projection of AB on Id

Proof '. AABC is dght-angled at B

.. (AC)2=(AB)2+(BC)'? (P\thaqorls thcorem)

... (AC)2 = 64 + 36 = 100 ... AC = 10 cm. (F'irst rcq.)

,. BDIAC,m(ZABC)=90.
... pg =
AB"BC L! 4.3 (Second req.)
AC = 10 = "-.
,. the projection of BC on AC is DC
, (BC)'z= CD x CA (Euclidean thcorcnl)

..36=CDxl0 ;. cD = i3 = 3.6 cm. (Thitd rcq.)

, . rhe projection of AB nn Id i. AD-

, (AB)2 = 4P ;1 46 (Euclii:lea11 theorenr)

..64=ADx10 ..nn=!4=c.+cm.
IU
(Folnlh rcq.)

In the opposite figure :

ABC is a t angle in which , m (1 BAC) = 90'
an<lD €BC such that eDI eC ,,{g = 15 cm. and BC = 25 cm.
Complete the followifig :
i r I t.qcl'? = Gc)'? - t..........)'z .. AC - cm.
.DE
[4 (ae)'?= nn ,. .. BD = cm.

[t (AC)'?= x cB ..CD= cm.

[+ I 1eo;'? = eo
' ..AD=... cm.

zr,arm er, oJg 6! rsB oz. sYflB

le"r,r.ltqirip1@,
132
 Lesson Four

Euclidean theorem proofs F

. In the opposite flgure I

ABC is a right-angled t angle arA

and the square ABEF is set up on AB (one of the sides of
the ght-angle)

cnd the.qLrtue BCX y i!.e( up on rhe hlpotenuse'BC

ll AD i( drawn lo be perpendicular Io BC lo cut it ar D
and cut \Y at \ and d-au E-C ano AY XN
Then : m (Z EBC) = 90' + m (1 ABC), m (Z ABY) = 90" + m (Z ABC)

.. m (Z EBC) = m (Z ABY)
'. In AA EBC and ABY :

I EB = AB rTrao sides in rhe 5quare ABEf,

] sC - SV, Two.;6s, 1n rhe square BCX\ ,

I re LBCr mrZABY,(b) proot1

m
.. A EBC = AABY
.. The area ofA EBC = the area ofAABY
, . the area of A EBC = ] the area of the sguare ABEF
and the area of A ABY - j the alea of the rectallgte BDNY

. . The area of the square ABEF = the area of the rectangle BDNY

:. the area of the squareABEF = (AB)2

And the a-rea of the recrangle BDNY = BD x By = BD x BC (Noticethot;By=BC)
.. - (AB)2=3Pv36 i

i.e. The area of the square set up on IB- tone of the sides of the right angle)

= the area ol lhe recLangle whore dimen.ions are rhe leng r ol BD

tThe projection ol A B on rhe hypotenuse B-Cr and the lengrh of rhe hypotenuse BC

Sirnjlarl). we can prove llar : (ACr2 = CD, BC

r.e. The area of the square set up on AC (one ofthe sides ofthe right angle)

= rhe area ol rhe recrangle n hose dimension. a e rhe lengrh ol dD

r lhe proiecLJon oi +C on rhe hlpotenuse B-C) and lhe lengrh ot rhe hyporenuse Bt

133
 5i-El Classifying triangles according
Ee, I to theirangles

. You studied before that the type of the triangle according to its angles can be identified

due to the type of the greatest angle in measufe.

.II ABC is a tfiangle irr rvhich I B is tllc grcatest anglc in mcasuLe r then :

ll tr- (z n) = qo"
(i.e. Z B is a right angle) ,

then ABC is a right-angled triangle. Right an€le

Elr-(zs)>90"
(i.e. Z B is an obtuse angle) ,

ther ABC is an obtuse-angled tiangle. Obtuse angle

Ifm(ZB)<90'
(i.e. Z B is an acute angle) ,

then ABC is an acute-angled tdangle.

134
 Lesson Five

I Remark
In any triangle (right , acute 01 obtuse-angled hiangle) , rve fitd that :

The length of any side of the triangle is greater than the difference between the letgths of
the other two sides and less than the sum of their lengths.
i.e. IfABC is a rriangle , ther :

.BC-AC<AB<BC+AC
.AB AC< BC< AB+AC
. AB BC< AC< AB+BC

Determining the type of the triangle according to its angles in case of

knowing the lengths of its three sides

To detemine the type of the tliangle according to its angles in case of knowing the lengths of
its three sides , we $hould compare between the squarc of the length ofthe longest side of the
triangle and the sum of squares of the lengths of the other two sides, then this compa.rison will
determine the R?e of the triangle as follows :
. Gi- t9m9m-!!!!!
I-et ABC be a tliangle il,l which
Frcm Pythagolas' theorem ,
,AC is the longest side , then i
if ABC in which m (Z B) = 90'
A
, then (AC)2 = (AB)2 t (BC)2
tl tr1ac.1'?= 1ar)'?+ @C)2 , then m (z ABC) = 90.
andABC is a right-angled triangle.

C
i.e. If the square length ofthe longest side equals the sum ofthe squares lengths of the
other two sides : then the triangle is light anglcd.

tl rt (eO2 > (ls)2 + (BC)2 , then m (z ABC) > 90"

and ABC is an obtuse-angled triangle.

i.e. If the square length of the longest side is greater than the sum of squares lengths of
the other two sides r then the tdangle is obrusc-angled.

135
 =s
El tr (ec)2 < (es)2 + (BC)2 , then m (z ABC) < 90'
and ABC is an acute-angled triangle.

i.e. If the square length of the longest side is less than the sum of squales lengths of the
other two sides , then the triangle is acutc-lnglcd.

EroEp In each ofthe following, determine the type ofthe triangleABC

according to its angles if :

I AB =4 cm.,BC =5 cm. andAC =7 cm.

2 AB = 5 cm. rBC = 13 cm. andAC = 12cm.

-f AB = 11 cm. rBC = 8 cm. andAC =9 cm.

Solution 1 . AC- is the longest side

, (tc)2 = (72 =
qg

, (AB)'? + (BC)2 = (4)z + (5)2 = 16 + 25 = 41

... (AC)2 > (AB)'z+ (BC)2

.. ABC is an obtuse-angled triaigle.

2 . B-C is the longest side
, lecf = 113;2 = 169
, (AB)2 + (AC)2 = (5)2 + (12)2 = 25 + 144 = 169
... (BC)2 = (AB)'z+ (AC)2

.. ABC is a ght-angled t angle.

3 . AB is the longest side

, (AB)2 = (11)2 = 121

, (BC)'z + (AC)'? = (s)2 + (g)2 = 61+ 8l = 115

... (AB)'z< (BC)'z+ (AC)2

.. ABC is an acute-angled triangle.

'136
 Lesson F ive

WI In each of the foqowing , determine the type of LxyZ according to its

angles :

I XY = 3 cm. t\Z= 5 cm. tZX- 4 cm.

i Z,XY= g cm.,YZ= 8 cm. tZX = 6 cm.
[:]XY= t: cm. ,YZ='7 tZX=9cttt.
l cm.

I Remarks
(O To determine the type of an angle in a triangle r we compare between the square length
of the side opposite to it and the sum of squales lengths of the other two sides.

O The greatest angle in measure in the triargle is opposite to the longest side.

@ In any triangle , there are two acute angles at least.

Exomple In each of the following, determine the type of Z A in A ABC if :

t AB = 6 cm. rBC= 7 cm. andAC = 8 cm.

2 AB = 12 cm.
'BC=15cm.andAC=9cm.
3 AB = 12 cm. r BC = 20 cm. and AC = 15 cm.
Solution 1 '.' (BC)z = ('7)2 = 49 ,
Notice thot :
, (AB)2 + (AC)'?= (6)2 + (s)2 = g6 + 6+ = too Z A is opposite
.. (BC)2<(AB)2+(AC)2 to gC in A ASC

.. m(ZA)< 90"
.', Z A is an acute angle.

2 . (BC)2 =Or2 =225 , (AB)'?+ (AC)2 = (t2)2 + (9)2 =144+81=225

.. (BC)2 = (AB)'z + (AC)2 .'. m (Z A) = 90'
.', ZAisa ght angle.

3 . (BC)2 = (20)'?= 400

, (AB)'?+ (AC)2 = (12)2 + (15)2 = 144 +225 =36c,)
.. (BC)'z > (AB)2 + (AC)'z .. m(ZA)>90'
. . Z A is an obtuse angle.

(\^,.) rrdJ,!! y,l.r)lrir-q-",rldl teZ

 t
z
=
Excmple El In the opposite figure :

I ABCD is a quad lateral in which m (1 B) = 90" ,

AB =6 cm.' BC = 8 cm.,AD =7 cm.
andDC=5cm.
Determine the type of the angle which has
the grcatest measure in A ACD

solution
cl*; l m (18) =90' rAB = 6cm.,BC=8 cm. rAD=7cm.,DC=5cm.
R]T.F. The type of the greatest angle in measue in A ACD

Proof '. ABC is a triangle in which m (Z B) = 90"

L
.. (AO2 = GC)2+ (AB)2 =64+36=100 (l)
.. AC = 10 cm.

:. AD=7cm.andDC=5cm.
. . AC is the longest side in A ACD

. . Z D is the greatest angle in measue.

,. (AD)2 + (DC)2 = 49 + 25 ='14 (2)

From (1) and (2) :

.. (AC)2> (AD)2 + (DC)z

.. -4 D is a11 obtuse angle. (Thc rcq.)

Determine the type of the greatest angle in measure in L ABC if:

AB = 4 cm., BC = 7 cm. andAC = 5 cm.

esqqo sry z @

Z te elSupul p6l3uE-esntqo rE sI ZIX VrE I

elSueul pelSue-etncp uE s\ ZLXV:.Z)

X te elSuEl.rt p6l3uD-tq8u u st 71y y [ 1, I fl

' ]lasno\ Atl Ja fl
^q

138
 ,s
*r
By o group of supervisors

EXERCISES ,/1, I

PRE P.
2023
SECOND TERM
6.
E.
I

;
-.
i'

.= q
-r.il
 Contents
Algebra and Statistics

Unit One : Factorization. M

Unit Two : Non-negative and
negative integer W
--h\
J

powers in IR.

Unit Three : Probability. 1

rl
v

Unit Four : Areas.

Unit Five : Similarity, converse

of Pythagoras'theorem
and Euclidean theorem
 First Algebra and Statistics

Unit I Factorizatton. 6

Non-negative and negative integer

Unit 2 powers in R.. 31

Unit 3 Probability. 45
Accumulative Basic skills
"TIMSS Problems" 54

I
I
I
I
I
W
I
I

fl*Ylt
tu
)t2=-4
1
re
U
J

]l,.;+
-'-'-'- t
 Factortzation

,Qf

I Exercises of the unit :

Scan the QR code
l. F actorizing quadratic trinomial in to solve an interactive
theform:x2+bx+c ' test on each lesson
2. Factorizing quadratic trinomial in the
form : a xz + b x* c :where a + + t
6. F actorizing by grou pi ng.
7. Factorizing by completing the square.
3. Factorizing the perfect square
trinomials.
8. Solving quadratic equations in one
variable algebraical ly.
4. Faclorizing the difference of two
squares.
9. Applications on solving quadratic
equations in one variable algebraically.
5. Factorizing the sum and difference of
two cubes.
fiI Factorizing quadratic trinomial ffiEl
intheform iX' +bX +c ffi
iffil from the schoot book

O Remember I t_lnderstand C Appfiy JL ProOlem Solving

l-
Eo Find :

I
[! Two numbers such that their product = 30 and their sum
= 11 5&6
I -6 & -2
I

@ r*o numbers such that their product -- 1g and their sum = 3 -3 & 6
I

I -15 & 1
i-
E Factorize each of the following
C
:

I
Ox2+8 X+15 (x+3)(x+5) @Emx2+1Ix+10 (x+1)(x+10)
I
(x-4)(x-3) @x2-r7 x+30 (x-2)(x-15)
I

I
Glx2+5x-14 (x+7)(x-2) @m x2+4x-12 (x+6)(x-2)
I

8x2-6x-16 (x-8)(x+2) trEm x2-3x-to (x-5)(x+2)

t_
,

Eo Factorize each of the following :

73x2+5Xy+6y' (x+3y)(x+2y) @mb2+3bc-tOc2 (b+5c)(b-2c)

El x2-t5xy+36y2 (x-12y)(x-3y) @m x2-5xy-24y2 (x-8y)(x+3y)
@ Fact orize each of the following :
o
i' 15 u+u2-34 (a+17)(a-2) @:22 a-75 + u2 (a+25)(a-3)
," -10+ X2+3X @,x2+21 -Lox
(x+5)(x-2) (x-7)(x-3)
7
 I I Understand C Appily 1'3 Problem Solving
ZT Remember

tro Factorize each of the2following

I

:
2 ,x4-8 x2+15 (x2 -5)(x2-3)
I Wxa+9x2+t8 (x +6)(x +3)
l
6/u 3 3
-61-'-+o (L -10)(L +4) ' ',d4 + u2 b2 - 56aa (a2+8b)(a2-7b)
l-
Eo Factorize each of the following :

ljrlm 5 x2 - 10 x-t5 5(x-3)(x+1) '.-p-)Za2+28a+96 2(a+8)(a+6)

[ily' *y'-6v Y(y+3)(y-2)

I

I
X(x-7)(x+4)
I
[5r3 x2-42-15x 3(x-7)(x+2) i$llBx-15x2+3x3 3x(x-3)(x-2)
I 7 -zx2-2x+40 2(-x-5)(x+1) F]m -x2+2x+63
I |.g m u2 bz - 24 abz + t+z b2 $ml 2 #-z+u2b2-26b4
t-
Eo Factorize each of the following :

' x2-4x-3(x-2)
|9(a-4b)(a+4b)+6ab x' (x_ 23) + 6o x
t-8] rx - 4) (x- e) - 2 (x+ 5)

ffi Find the value of c e%such thatthe expression will be factotized : then factorize
it:
5.x2+"x_ fi Elxz-l x+c
lEy'-cy +29 @*+a-c
tra Complete :

,,,,X2-tlX+1g=(x- )(x )
I
tt X2+5X+6-( )(X+2)
l t,
,X2 +..
,l + 35 =(X+.... ) ( .+ 5)
l
, ,If (X-2) is a factor of the expression: X2 -8 X+ 12: then the other factor is """""
I

I
- (x ) is a factor of the expressi on : x2 - x - 6
i ,ff (X+Zy) - 4 and(X_y) = 1 r then the numerical value of the expression
l

x2 + Xy -2y2 rs
I
If x2-2xy-3y'=J tx*y=l
X-3 y-
I

rthen
I

I0 Choose the correct answer from those given :

a
SlIf the expression : Xz +7 X+ acanbe factorrz,ed: then amay be equal to """""
(a) 8 (b) 10 (c) 18 @; ae

8
 ffixmre frse I
EIf the expression : Xz -3 X+ c can be factorrzed: then c may be equal to ..........
(a) i (b) 2 @)a (d) 6
[s-lForthe expression : x2 - x-k can be factorrzed r then k*.
(a) 12 (b) 30 (c) 6 (d) 8

[4 tf the expression : x2 + a X + 2 canbe factori zed >then amay be equal to ..........

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

(a) 3 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d)-1

(a)-1 (b) 4 (c) 7 (d) 1

[7] wtrich of the following numbers can be added to the expression : x 2

- B x + 5to be
factorized ?
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) s

Geometric Application

The areaof arectangleis (X2 +6X+ 8) cm?andits length =(X+ 4) cm. Find each of its
width and its perimeter in terms of X

For exeellent pupils

q Factorize the following : (X - D2 - 2 6-

a
I

1) -g
aa

Download
OR reoder
Flpplication on
youi phone

(Y : 1) f c,,/6.tlsl Y,/(ar-JLi).,l*1ol,t,:$I4lYJl I
 Factorizing quadratic trinomial in the
fi2 form : qX2 * b X+cwhereo * xl
lffil rrom the school book

O Remember I Understand 0 Applly 3f Problem Solving

Eo Factorize each of the following expressions :

tdm3a2+7a+2
_)
# m 5z'-'72+2
I

i_pl 5 x2+4X-12 fE3 x2+10X+8

[qm
I

I
ffim 6x2-11 x+3 5a2_ 18a+16

iel m 3y'*1y-6 g@m Bzz+22-3

I

$_tj 4 yz + 5 y _ 21 F*l 12*-a-6

t-
Eo Factorize each of the following expressions :

l
2x2-5Xy+2y2 t-A m 3 x2 -20 xy -7 y'
I
,.,' 6 a2 + 5 ab +bZ l$2y2+yx-x2
,t m loa2+11 ab-18b2 @l m 6x2-41 xy-63y2
I
r
"
rm I X4 +23 X2 y -30y2
t-
Eo Factorize each of the following expressions :

i1-l 6 x2 -21 x+ 18 lg 8 xz -28 x- 60

l@l rm 8 x3 -n xz -20 x
E'l Ox3+14x2+8X gj m18xs+33x3-3ox
trl m zt x' y' * 6 x2 y3 - 15 xz ya Lqf 12 (c + d) x2 +68 (c + d) X+ 80 (c + d)

10
 I

l
I ffixen*frsm 2

Factorize each of the following :

o
Wzx(x+3)+ t3x+24 4x(3X+ly)-5y2
I
tEmm 5y'-4x(7y+3x) (5b-D2-4b-s
t-
tra Complete the missing terms :

trl msx2-zx-t-(sx )(x+ )

I
@m 3 x2 + 10X+8=(..........+ 4)(x+.... )
I
iEm6x2-11 x-rc=(2x-. )(... +z)

m3x2+7x-6-(3x
t.Lr )( .+ . )
I
t-qrm2x2+X-6=(. )(X+ )
I *?,rl
ttLr\.v2 ..=\LX+3y)(
rn
- -2y)
I Bj5xz-3Xy =(x-y)( + )
t-
trt
aa
: then find the second factor.
I
H tf Q X- 7) is a factor of the expression : 4 xz - g x-Zl
I : then find the second factor.
t-
Zc ffi Find the value of c ezsuch that the algebraic expression can be factorized,: then
factorize it :
I

I
.i ,c x2-Bx+6
I

I
Geometric Application

trc ffi The area of a rectangle ts (2 x2 + lg x+ 35) cm? Find two possible dimensions of
I

I
the rectangle in terms of X : then find its perimeter as X= 3

For excellent pupils

g Factorize each of the following

I

t
:
at
ffi3+11 (a+b)-4(a+b)z

11
IJJ
v,
Factorizinl:h. perfect square
o
&
x
l&l
tJ.l trinomials ffi|_
rnteractive test
ffil From the school book

O Remember I Understand C Appily tr Froblerm $olving

Show which of the following expressions is a perfect square trinomial :

llaz + 9 '
- ab +bz
az

Flm x2-Dx+36 ,' lffil 25x2-15x+9

l*l/2-BL^+16mz 't9x2+t5xy+25y2
:, t+ - 12 d-g d2
"a "2
.,4+36a3+81a6
ijf l _ 2a+u2 t4-6a+8az
t{r Em
i t'-y + 4 ,'m o.o1 x2 _ 0.2 x+ l
Factorize each of the following :

3m^2-2m+I ; ',X2+2xy+yZ
:*l ffi gx2+12X+4 i,lm25b2-10b+1
i*,] m 9a2+6ab+b2 , ',lffi] 4x2-4xy+yz
i1'tt6a2-40ab+25b2 .il1+14x+49x2
i$lm 36-60k +25k2 ,', 11-10 a2+25a4

Factorize each of the following :

iilm L8y2-tzy+2 x2 + 36 xy + 27 yz
ira)12

&l:zai+2aa2+6 ijlm 6aa-12a2b2+6b4

i*l m 20ayz-60ay+45a .,slEm 24X+24X2+6X3
if-l m3z+422a+l4Jz1 !q]m 4b2c+bc2+4b3
60 ab - 36 az - 25 b2
',_q_l
1g!Em(c-d) +2X(c-d) +x2 (c-d)
12
 hxere E$e
"li
J
tro Factorize each of the following :

m++ v2-2v+4 :a, h "'. + "**

1'+ x2-fi x. h i+l ffi o.u x2 -0.2X+l

tro Factorize each of the following :

I
W'l x(7 x-l}y) + 25yz 4 xz -t y (4 x-1 v)
I
I

I
[4-'- 11 n(zm- 11n) 't '(X-92 +4 Xy
t-
trI Complete the missing term in each of the following trinomials to be a perfect square
trinomial :

ft.m 4x2 ..+1 3. 4 az .......... + 36bZ

igl m ,4 .+ 4eLz

fE u' - 6 a+ ..........
fsI 4 xz +28 x+ ..........

Dlm a2-6ab+
El m .-18y2+81 $B -z4ab+ L6b2

lt Find the positive value of k which makes

C
each of the following trinomials
a perfect square :

| ,36x2+kx+1 't6y'*ky+100
,4X2+X+k ',9 L' * D L +k
r.",k x2-6x+l .'ku2b2_ 12ab+9
i t2x2-4x+16 1 + l4y +k'y'
E Ct oose the correct answer from those given :
l__
+ tll m If x2 +kX+ 25is aperfect square : thenk - .

(a) 5 ' (b) 10 (c) + to (d)ts

Em If the expression : x 2 + 14 x + b is a perfect square r then b - .

(a) 2 (b) 7 @) La (d) 4e

Blftre expression: a x2 -40 x+25 is aperfect square when a- .

(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 9 (d) 16

13
 Remember I C A\1gpily o% Frablenn Solving
ZT O Understand

1
[4 If the expression :c+3 X+ is a perfect square r then c =
I

(a)e b) Z x' (c) 9 X2 1d1 + x2

C If X- 6 ;Y = 4 tthen Xz -2 XY + Y2 =
I

(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 10 (d) 100

I

o
I

I
(a)5 (b)-s (c)+5 (d) 12.s
t-
tr Use factorization to get the value of each of the following easily
C
:

sffi $T2+2x13x87+ 0TZ , (gg)2_ 2x99x98+(98)2

, m Q $2 + 2 x7.3 x2.7 + (2.T2 , itl 1 Lit (20 1)2 - 1.4 x 20J + (0.1)2
@m QgT2+6x991 +9 ODZ+2x99+l
m25 -2x45+81

Geometric Application

IE The area of a square is (g X2 + 30 X + m) .nr? Fit d the value of m (given that the side
o
I
length of the square is a rational number) r then flnd its perimeter when X -2
I

rO

m Factorize each of the following :

,.
ply'+2y(X+ 1)+(x +l)2
fC(a +b)2-4c2 (a+b) +4ca
I

- Accumulative tests"
I

- Monthly tests.
I
- lmportant questions"
- Final examinations.
I

14
 Factorizi ng the difference
fr4 I
of two squares
lffi
_,ffiL
lnteractive test
From the school book

a
.L

,. .?, o
.L
I
al ", lL. 7

O Remember o App[y of Problem Solving -

tlo Factorize each of the following :

Elm x2-4 @|az -25 [ql 16 x2 -s

t, )49y2-7 Bx'- 4y' Gl tfm 225 x2 -u2

@ m 625 a2 -87 b2 trm e-y' lil m -9 x2 +25

l@u'b2 -I trm *-b2ca rBxo - 1oo

@ 16 a6 -b6 sai t'- h fsl 0.0a x2 - 0.25 y2

@ Factorize each of the following perfectly :

o
)x4-t M x4 - l6ya EJ m xloo- 1

E Factorize each of the following:

C)

l)z x2 - zz li 1x3 -zs x )xo - x'

iri1ffi 8x2-50 li )x'y-xys lm27 x3-48xy6
- I^.2 -J.
''13'Y Lr nx'-+ tL*'-#r'
a@4b2 (2 a-b) *25 a2 12 a -b)

15
 O Remember $ Understand O App[y loj Problem Solving
ZT
tro Factorize each of the following
I

(a +b)2 -4 L4l t-(a-r)2

9a2-(2a+b)2 a_*) u2 - 6a - 92
a2

m (x +1)z -(x_ DZ [ml ffi 9 (m- D2 -25 (m+ 1)2

I rM (x+y+5)2-(x_ y-5)2 [a](a- 2b)(a+2b)-5b2

El Ur. factorization to get the value of each of the following easily :

o
FJM QD2-Q'2 iAQq2 - QT2
isl(r1 .q2 - G.q2 lA $.zt)z - (1.n)2
ls) (gs)z -zs [a] (qqq)2 - t

i.i 12 x (25.u)2 -2 x (24.13)2

Using the idea of factorizing the difference between two squares r flnd the value of
each of the following :

!lffi3tx2e [e]103x97

E ft Xy =8 r find the numerical value of the expression (X + y)z - (X - y)2

l-
@ Simplify : (3 a-2b)2 - (3 a + 2b)2 + 24 ab
o

f,t Complete the following :

| ,12x+ )( -3y)=4x2
"+3m)(
I

I L'r -3m)=25x2
| *
I

-64X2=(4- )(4+ ...)

J [r Ifa-b=2 t a*b=3tthenaz-b2=
I

1.,,
I ff X2-y2=20 t X+y=10:thenX_ Y=
i rf a2_ b2=45 t ,'_b=5rthen{a+b=.
1..-
.1. 'i,'/:ffX2-y2=24 t X+y=8 rthen3 X-3y=

,t :))If x2-y2=X+y:then X-y="""""

t [,rlIf z (a-b) (a+b) = 18 : then* -b2 =
I 'ru If a +b=J(a-b) =14 tthena2-b2=

16
 Exercise {
,P Choose the correct answer from those given :

a i1')If Xz - a = (X - 3) (X+ 3), then a =

(a) 3 (b)-3 (c) 9 (d)-e
-trf
, x2 + !- - += (x -z) (x + z), then l" =

zero
(a) (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 8

i ,ffX+2y-3 , X2-4y2=21rthenX-2y- .

(a) t4 (b) 9 (c) 7 (d) 6

i4J If a -b =7 a+b=5 rthen2a2-2b2=

(a) 2 (b) t2 (c) 35 (d) 70
o f,s),ff x2 -y2 = 16 t !-X=2 rthenX+y-
(a) 4 (b) 8 (c)-8 (d) 2
o , Ifa+b=5 , a- b=4tthenb2_ u2=
(a)-20 (b)-1 (c) 9 (d) 20
X,
I
O l7z )If (25)2 - (15)2 = lO then X =

(a) 40 (b) 30 (c) 20 (d) 10

L
I

i l(x -y) (x+g (x4 -2x'y'*yo)

(u) x6 - y6 (b) (x
- y)3 (x + y)3
(c) (x' - y') (x3 + y3) @) w2 + y2) (xz -y2)

Ceometric Application

EI ffi A right-angled triangle whose hypotenuse = 41 cm. long and the length of one side of the
o
I
right angle is 40 cm. Use factorization to get the length of the second side of the right angle.
I

@ Factorize each of the following :

a
aa
I
td @2 -2 ab +bzy - c2 @(2a+3b)3-ga3 -72a2b
I

t-
IE If X>y , X2-zxy+y2=4 t X+y=8:
a
aa
find the numerical value of the expression , X2 - y2

(Y : f) Y o/isrlcl Y/(ar.JL-) .U -,-..Url4ldl 1-I

 the sum
H5 and difference oftwo cubes @_
lnteractive test
ffi From the school book

O Remember O I{PPIY otqe Problem Solving

Factorize each of the following :

o
ffix3+a I ,X3 -l liie+ x3 + 27
ffiBx3-ns I 2s +a
25+a3 I
iai343 - 2t m3
i
mm3+64n3 | v3 "mE 512
5lt x3 -y [,;x3
t3
y3 +27
t,"2Jx'yt-64 ,mH*u'-8b:
l
1
1 (
-ii
0.027 m3 :",
!.1
I

,8a3+0.001
8 | im 125

| Q 0.0 - I 5E + r25b6 1
..u .1,,
I
m8X3-343y6 | +y'
X6 + yu I x6 - 64
t-
a Factorize each of the following perfectly Pe :
C)
,2x3+16 I 3*x3 -Bl @lo + 6a L

,: ffil'^_ 2lma
| 'r, xa +3 X @zxs -54x2 I

"t6x3+250y3 | mSt6a3b+6686 b4 [qi 54 xo y' * 16 xys I

' *lx3++
I

soo xs y2 _ zso x5 ys | : il?1x3-e I

3
I
_'u,
t
Choose the correct answer fromr those :Il i
given
Fo i-t;ffirf x+y=3 , x2-xy++Y'=
,.)-
hen X3 + y3 = """""
5 rtht
(a) 15 (b) 2s (c)
(c (d) 7 8

o Ltl)It x3 -y3 =
I

14 , X2 + Xy + Y2 =7 renX-y =..'..'....
>the
(a) 2 (b) 7 (c) 14
(c (d) -2
(,)
I
.xy
Ir;]IfXu *y' =28 ; X+y =2,rthen X2-s + y2 =.....'..'.

I
(a) 28 (b) 14 (c
(c) 2 (d) 7

1B
 Exercise 5
a
aa i lrry3-a=(y -2)(y2+2y+4) rthena=
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 8 (d)-8
(X+
I
a
aa )If x3 - 8= a) (x2 + 2 X+4) :rhen a=
(a) 4 (b)-4 (c) 2 (d) -2
i. ElIf X3 +27 -(X+r(x2 +k+9):thenk=
(a)-6x (b)-3x (c)3x (d)6x
.' @tt x3 - k3 = (x -k) W2 + 4 X +k2) rthen k =
I

(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 16 (d) 64

I
a

(a) x3 - y3 (b) X3 + y3 (c) x6 - y6 (d) X6 + y6

a Complete the following to get true statements

I

:
a
Em x3 - t = (x-1) (....................)
trm8a3+125=( +.........,)$*-10a+,.)
@x"+y15=( + ........)( +.,.......)
Esa3 -( - )( +..........+9)
E tf (X - 3) is a factor of the expression : X3 - 27 t thenthe other factor is ..........
E tf (+ a2 - 2a + 1) is a factor of the expression : 8 a3 + 1 : then the other factor is ..........
tro If x2-y2=20 t X-y-2 , X2-Xy*y2=28 Findthevalue of :X3+y3

tro Factorize each of the following :

m (x +s13 -tzs [f] m (m_ 2n;3-8n3

2 -2 (x- D3 .r EEI (X + 5;3 + (X - 5)3
ffi(x+y)3 (x_ y)3 r; lml (m*n)+(m-n)a
(x3 -D(x3 +\-4 E!(x-r(x2+3x+9)+28
lt Factorize each of the following :

[rl*6 -3m3 +2 tla m x6 -7 x3 -B

For excellent pupils

tr Factorize perfectly
I

a
z (X + 514 -x- S
aa
t*
tr lf Xy =2
a
aa
t X- y = 1 r then find the value of : X3 - y3

19
H6 Factorizing by grou pi ng
ffi
@
lnteractive test
From the school book

lt
,
....i.)

{{

O Remember O Understand O Appfly o'o Problem Solving

Factorize each of the following perfectly

irlffi aX+bX+ay+by iqlab-bd+ah-dh
iJlmam-an+m-n
Le]aX*cy-cX+ay im]mX-my-nX+ny
i'rlffi Xy+5y+7 X+35 ,d7 x-28+aX-4a
trlm sl"- tom-a L+2am 30lm 3ax-a-6bx+2b
Bo Factorize each of the following perfectly :

:',f 1.2 + cd + dh + ch iA6^2-n+2m-3mn

ir1-lm 8mn- 2m2 +DnL-3mL @m x2-2xz-Zxy+4yz
:, lffil a2+Zab+b2-c2
izlt- x2-4xy-4y2 iqxz-y2+4X+4y
ielx2-5x-4y'+1oy iiCIlm 9x2-a.*+y2+6xy
iilm 2X2y-xy'+2aX-ay i]qlm abX2+bX- aX_ l
Factorize each of the following perfectly
'a'if
m u3+u2+a+1 i4m x3-3x2+6x-18
i:*la3+b3-a-b iajm x3 +2x2-x-2
Lqlu3-ga+*-g Elm 3x3+2x2+12x+8
it)y3+6y2+12y+8 lEluo -3- 15 a+ 5 a2
a3
,, u5-2a2+u3-2 {4x' y3 + 8 x'-y' -8
20
 Exercise $

@ Factorize each of the following perfectly :

o
I ,'xs-x3-x2+l
I

| ,,EEl 4ma-9m2+6m-l
I

I n tffil 121 x4 - 100 x2 -20 x- |

I

For excellent pupils

tr Factorize each of the following perfectly

I

:
..
zx3 (x+3) *18x2_ 54x a(a+ 4b)+4b2*9
az (b - 5) -t a (b - 5) - t8 b + 9o

tr Factorize each of the following perfectly

I

trm x2-4Xy+x-2y+4y2 i zx2-15x -72-xy+8y

ljNa3 + a-2 [nrlu3+a2+4

Science
for all educational stages

21
 the square
lEft From the school book

I
O Remember O Understand o Appfiy j'j Problem Solving

Factorize each of the following perfectly :

l!)xa +q @xa + 6+ @m xa+4ya

iu)X4 + 64 ya lal m aa +ZSOOba @m 87x4+4za
irlffi 4 Xa + 625 za |@64 Xa +8tya Lsl12 xa+3ya
@m 8xay2+162zay2
flt) Factorize each of the following completely :

ll)9xa+2x2+l aAxo * 28 x2 + 16

tqlm xa+9x2+81 i*;ffi g x4 _ 25 X2 + 16

m rl
lu,)x4+3X'y'*4yo ^a - ^2n2
t6l + n4
|11lro aa+4a2b2+16b4
i!lx4 +y4-7 x2y2 iiql m t6 x4 _ 28 x' y' * g yo
iall m 4 xa + 25 ya _ 29 x2 y2 l@m3ma+3na-54m2n2
j!q150 xa + 1.8 y4 - 68 x'y' lryl rs aba - ll4b2cz a + 128 aca

Factorize each of the following completely :

1x2ex2-toy2)+ya m x2 (x2 - tg y21 + 25 ya

ir-l
,. ffi+x2(4x2-7y2)+y4 Am+a2 1*-6b1+eba
For excellent pupils

Factorize each of the following completely :

'l LIImx8-16yB Elxt -zr x4 - 1oo

lnlx8 -5x4y4-36y8 iltl 81 x8 - li xo yo - 64 y8
22
Geruenal
On foctorizing the olgebroic expressions

Factorize each of the following perfectly

al25 x2 -g y2 @)z xs + 54 x2
,&Zy2+5y+3 ;a.z xa - ts
as:)z x2 -20 x+48 a@x2+8X+16
i-z,r s x3 +27 iEy'-5oy-51
Io]25 x2-30x+9 1.rr4 x2 - st
Ell y'- y -"JAZ x2 +l X- 6
3-4 x2 *B x+ 12 ltrlZx3+2X2+12X+8
39 x' - tzs r;@qx2-t2x+g
5l u' +3 a2 - 9 a-27 [iB (x +273 *4 x-8
Fql-z x2 - ts x-7 @a_) x2 -1 x + to
lei)4 xa + ya @gx4-t6ya
@t x4 -9 x2 +20 !aa)l-4xz
11,:q] u6 - 625 b6 [eU] (x + y)3 - x3
V:,t)+9 xz + 70 Xyz +25 ya @.r15 x2 -3 x-z
@an)xa - ll x2 y2 + ya a,lp)3 x4 - $ x3 + tZ X2
{si13x2-t9x+6 UlAq x2 +28 Xy +49 y2

l@xu -64y6 V42ya-4y'+7y-t4

t@ 15 aa -ztb2 - 6 a2 b
',;lg
e x2 + y (2y -1 x)
@))64 xo * ya @xo-5x2-24
@20 xa+4ox'y'+45ya ,@g x4 -13 x2y'*4yo
23
 Solving quadratic equations
in one variable
@ From the school book

ri
TtiA
TYiY;

n
O Remember O Understand O App[y o'o Problem Solving

Find in IR the S.S. of each of the following equations:

.Cm x2-6x=o @)x'-16=o
-
t-z)+ x2 -25 =O t-l-)xz+5X+6=0
isim x2-8x+15=0 i,-,XZ-x-ZO=O
['r] ffi 6 x2 -l x-3 =o ilZz x2 +l x- 4 =0
@),x2+4X+4=0 llggx'-6x+1=o
a Find in
C
IR the S.S. of each of the follow ing equations :

lnix2=x l?)4 x2 = +g
I
Ejffi x2+x=6 @x'-15=2x
I l*zx'-tox=- 12
@m tzx2=47 x-45
isl5(x2+3)=69 lla)x(x-3)=5 x
Eo Find in IR the S.S. of each of the followi ng equations
I

l:t,X(X-5)+6=0 ",Ax(x+ 3) = 16

Is]LU 6-3) (x+1)=5 7l2x(x-5) -4(5-x)=o

Iti lru (X+3)2 - 49 =O El m (x- D2 * x=3
i't)Z(x+3)2+7 (x+3)=0 @(2 x+ 1)2 = (3 x- l)2
ixr I LQ Q x- l)2 + (x- 1)2 = 10 !0 m (x + 3)2 + 3 (x+ 3) - 10 = 0

24
 Exercise I
Find in IR the S.S. of each of the following equations :
o
iazx3-8x=o EJm4x3=9x
@m x4-5x2+4=o @xo-16=o
tro Find in IR the S.S. of each of the following equations :

r1-,r2 -7!=-
\J33 + L /!v2 _ 2X+3 _Z
t,: 9
2 -
(t
ls lX+Z=3 la)tr J L
x x2. -

r,=,X-1 6
'5x
tr Choose the correct answer from those given :

[t ffre S.S. of the equatio n : X (X - 2) = 0 in ]R is ..........

I

(u) {o} {o ,-z}

G) 1c; {o :2} (d) {2}
Bttre S.S. of the equation:3 (X*2) (X+ 5) = 0 inlRis ..........
I

O
I

(u) {0 t2,-5} (b){3 ,2,-5} (") {2,-s} (d) {- 2,s}

Efne
I

o S.S. of the equation: x2 - 4 =0 in IR is

(u) {+} 1u) {4 ,-4} (") {2} @ {2,-z}
f4 fne S.S. of the equation'. X2 + 25 =0 in R is
I

o ..........

(u) {s} 1u) {s ,- s} (.) {- s} @) a

Effre
I

o =0 in IR is ..........
S.S. of the equation : (X - 4)2
(u) {+} 1u) {0 ,4} (") {0 ,-4} (d) {-4}
o @fne S.S. of the equation: X(X- 3) = 5 XinlR is ..........
I

I (u) {s} 1u) {o ,3 ,5} (c; {: , s} (d) {o , 8}

E ffre S.S. of the equatio n , ! =f, a U is ..........
I

(a) {a , e} o) {6 , - 6} (") {o} (d) {36}

t @ fhe equation whose roots are 3 and 5 is
I
..........

(a) 5 X2 + 8 X+ 3=0 (D2X2 + 8 X- 15 =0

I

(c) x2 - 8 x+ 15 =0 (d)3 x2 + 8 x+ 5 =0
lt* Complete the following
I

EIf- 5 is aroot ofthe equation : X2 + 2 X-15 = 0

r then the other root is

(t : 7) \ o/6tltl Y/(.rJL-) oL,1 o,,r,'U,14f5lf 25

 Remember lJ*cl*rstar"rcl O Alppfiy 1'1 Problem Solving
ZT O {i!

EIf X =2isaroot of the equation '. X2 -6 X+ k = 0 r thenk =

and the other root is .."......

[if If one of the roots of the equation :2 X2 + 8 X = 0

is arootof the equation '. X2 + 5 X+ a= 0 : then a= """"" or """""
,XZ
@The S.S. of the equation: X-3= + inlR is
If
x '
X + L=2 r then find the numerical value of the expression , x2 + )
----' x'
For excellent pupils

g If Xz +'xt)
I

= Z+: then find the numerical value of the expression : X + !x

'i
l- x(x-2) _ X(x+ t) +7 (x-3) _2 =O
ID Find in IR, the S.S. of the equation :
643
a
a&

- Accumulative tests.
I

- Monthly tests.

I
- lmportant questions.
I
- Final examinations.

26
 on solving
quadratic
one variable a
ffi From the school book

A z+L'o

fr
@
@+a' t* *l'( rot'
io
<=r'l
exz,4

l"t' *''
I -,. '"""-
c l(il
Tp-+r*'+l'*

O Remember O Appily jr6 Problem Solving

Choose the correct answer from those given :

o
f If the age of Bassim now is Xyears r then his age 3 years ago was years.
(a)3 x (b)x+3 (c) x-3 @) x3
@ Ir trre age of Amgad now is x years : then his age after 1 years will be '......... years.
(a)7 x (b) x-7 (c) X+7 @) x7
@ If the age of Ayman 5 years ago was X years r then his age now is years.
(a) x- 5 (b)x+5 (c)5x (d) 2[
5
@ If the age of Sally 2 years ago was X years , then her age after 3 years from now will
be '.."..... years.
(a) X+ 2 (b)x+3 (c)X+5 (d)6x
@ If the age of Magdy now is Xyears : then the square of his age afterZyears is
(a)X2+2 (b)x2+4 (c) (x-2)2 (d) (x+2)2

@ If the age of Samy now is X years : then twice his age 5 years ago is years.
(a) x- 5 (b)2x-s (c) x-
10 (d) 2 x- t0
@ Three times the square of the number X is ..........
(a) (3 x)2 (b)X2+3 (c) 3 x2 G\t J

aL A positive integer whose square is more than flve times the number by 36
I

Find the number. <<9>>

27
 ZI O Remember O Understand C Apply 3'e Problem Solving

E An integer I if we add twice its square to the number 7 the result will be 135
.fa
I Findthenumber. <8or-8>
t-
I

q
tr Find the rational number whose four times its square equals 81 u--rri"
-q
a
aa
l-
tr A positive integer whose square equals six times the number. Find the number.
a
<<6>,

t-
aa

tr ffi What is the real number if it is added to its square

a
aa
r the result will be 12 ? < 3 or - 4>

t-
1l Find the positive rational number whose square is more than its twice by 48 <<8)>

J'
t-
tr Divide the number 20 into two numbers whose product is 75
a
aa
< 15 15 >

gt- Two real numbers

a
: the difference between them is 5 and the sum of their squares is 73
aa
I

I
Find the two numbers. <3 r8or-3 r-8>
t-
I

IE
a
ffi Find two real numbers whose product is 45 and one of them is 4 more than the other.
aa
<<
-9 t - 5 or 5 r 9 >
I

t-
I

tr ffi The sum of the squares of two successive odd numbers is 130
a
aa
I Find the two numbers. <<-9 t-J or7 t9>>
I

t-
@
a
ffi The sum of three successive integers is equal to the square of their middle integer.
aa
I

I
Find these numbers. <<2;3and4or-lr0and I >
I

t-
IE Two integers : the ratio between them is 7 : 8 and their product is more than nine times
a
aa
the greater number by 80 Find the two numbers. <<14 t76>>

I-
I

@ A positive integer : if we add twice its square to its additive inverse the result will be 91
a
aa
I
Find this number. <<7 >>

I-
IE ffi
aa
I
What is the real number which exceeds its multiplicative invers. by * ? ,,
*** ,,

t-
IE A number is formed from two digits r its units digit is twice the tens digit and the product
a
aa
of the two digits exceeds their sum by 9
I

I
Find the number. << 36 >>

28
 Exercise $

Life Applications

The square of age of Said now is more than three times his age four years agoby 792
Find his age now. < 15 years >>

lffi] Hatem is 4 years older than Hanan flow r and the sum of squares of their ages now is 26
Find their ages now. < 5 years , one year >>

If the age of Kamal now is more than the age of his brother Anees by 3 years and 4 years
ago the product of their ages was 18
Find the age of each of them now. < 7 years r 10 years >

Geometric Appl ications

ffiFind the dimensions of a rectangle whose length is 4 cm. more than its width and
whose area is 27 cm? < 3 cm. sJ cm.>>

Arectangle whose area is 46 cr&. and its length is 7.5 cm. more than its width.
Find its perimeter. << 31 cm. >

A rectangle whose length is more than its width by 5 cm. If its area is less than the area of
a square whose side length is three times the width of the rectangle by 57 crrt.
Find the two dimensions of the rectangle and the side length of the square.
<< 3 cm. : 8 cm. :9 cm. >>

tr m In the opposite flgure :

ata
aD n
-- IE = {c} rr m (Z BCD) - (x2)" ,

m(ZACD)=8X"
Calculate the value of : X

ffi In the triangle ABC : m (L A) = (X2 + 61)o ,

m (LB) = (110 - n X )" and m (L C) = (90 -7 X)"

Find the value of X and the measures of all angles. <<9" t142" ;11" ;27" >>

A right-angled triangle : the length of one side of the right angle is more than the length of
the other side of the right angle by 2 cm. and its area = 24 cr*
Find the lengths of the sides of the right angle. <<8cm.r6cm.>>
 O Remember O Understand O Appfly of Problem Solving
ZT
tr A right-angled triangle whose two right angle sides lengths are (5 X + 3) cm.
I

a
T and (X+ 5) cm. and its area is 24 cr*. Calculate its perimeter. <<24 cm.>>

t-
a ffi Aright-angledtrianglewhosesideslengthsarc(2X)cm.
a
a!
t(2X+ 1)cm. and(X- 11)cm.

Find the value of X and calculate the perimeter and the area of the triangle.
<<20 t90 cm. : 180 cm? >

lft
-
a
a rectangle whose length is twice its width r if its length increases by 1 cm. and its width
aa
decreases by 1 cm. : then its area decreases by 7 crfr.
Find the length and the width of the rectangle. <6cm. tL2cm.>>
I

@ In the opposite figure :

a
a!
AMCD-AMAB:
MB=4cm.rMC=3cm.r
AD = J cm.: MA> MC
Find the length of MA << 4 cm. >>

If the area of the opposite flgure = 6O crrt Xcm.

r flnd the value of X

Xcm.
13 cm.

<< 3 cm. >>

t[ Aroom whose width is 9 metres and its length is 12 metres.

A decorator wanted to buy a carpet for the room in condition that he left around the carpet
a rectangul ar tape of a f,xed width uncovered. Calculate the width of the tape if the carpet
covers half the area of the room. <1.5m.>

30
 integer

I Exercises of the unit :

10. ruon-negative and negative integer powers in R

11 . Solving the exponential equations in IR

12. operations on integer powers. Scan the

QR code
to solve an
interactive

t
test on each
lesson
 and
integer powers in IR
ffi
@
lnteractive test
From the school book

I
O Remember a Understand O Apply o'o Problem Solving

Find the value of each of the following in the simplest form :

, n r-2
ca-2 tEm (+)-' tr(f)' ,
alm(1tr)- re,({,)-
a

Lar m(-{r)-
-.

(1rtI' .;_t 1
m (0.01)-2
tz tol N |s]
(tr, )-'
t@t(0.2)-2 lE (D)-' @m(f ) '
a Simplify each of the following to the simplest form where X*0 z

C
E) X3 x X-2 x X-1 tr x-a + x-3 t=l(xr)-3,(x-21-2
- x2xx 3 (x')' *(x ')'
4-
' x-4xx trl x-3 x x-a
I

E Simplify each of the following to the simplest form :

C
,

I
rrm (E)' "@)^ B ({7)' "([t )-'" (fi)-'
<(8>> <<7 >>

(D)^ "(-M)'"@)-' E {r,. (-{r)' " (-{r)-

<<4>) <-81 >

'(1tr)--.(ltr)-' <5> tr m(-1E)'.(-1E)' << 25 >>

Em(d)' ttB" tr * ((o)'"(-^[r)')'

I << 32 >>

* ((-')')' , (-{rr-
I

GLlm ({5)-' "(-E)^ 4

'9' @ << 625 >>

32
 Exercise l0
tro Simplify each of the following to the sirnplest form :

@L{d ,
-,_9
<<7 >>
,* (,F)'. ({r)'
-(.Fr- " 8118,
Wr)
(6)'.(-1tr)' , Qr,I_:Ui)-^
tr <<3>>
"16"
I

$ r)" w)-'
(rtr)
<< 54 ,ra>
I

"(E)'"(1rt;)'
>>

('{')" (ilrT,.1E
, <

(6)'.(16)- ({,-. )",,toru

tr <<1>) (80>
([i)'/^ " zt Ur) x23 x 55

(ts)-'x (1/s )" x t3 .,-- (10)' x (tO1-7

fsl m 5
(;->>
- <<l>>
, * ({r)-'
.,
(0Jt'r0001

r*mfff <z>
9

ff)'.(Er <(
2
;-J ))

tr Simplify to the simplest form :

9x x3x*2 22X r3X-r

'i
Q7)x
<<9)> tr --ir7- <( --I
J
))

ZX * 4X+1 (36)' x 52
n

gx
<<4>> t4 n
<<l>>
(30)2
2x x 1+91x- 1
*13+X
- ('q8)T-
I
'49" tr 4X+2.2X+3o
<< 54 >>

4n x 62n (gt)x x 62x

7;;p; <<1>>
(2T2x-r x 4x
<< 27 >>

, ,":!" " (^[il x (18)n

<<3>>
3x(t})x+1xzx << 27 >>

6 2 x (36)x
6n ,4"*t <<2>> EA IM
3n-1r32-n I
<<->
(24)" 32 x 4-n 256

EE] iM 4X+1. xg2-X : then find the value of the result r when X= 1 <<4>>
62X
x-t
g4
9
"
('E)'"
r then find the value of the result r when X = 2 <<1>)
r* * (E)'*
gA4x-r x23x+2 *(+)'x ,whatisthevalueof theresulr if 2x=5? << 25 >>

(o : 1) Y o/6rleJ Y/(i,,,L;) .,r1 .,,.'tr14l5lf 33

 & l-Jnderst;;n{:i O Appfly ;t1 Problem Solving
ZZ O Remember

1
QTx- x 8x _1
-n
(r'E)'* , (r^[i)'"
'- lf u 3 and b '12 find the value of :
=\ ,
.1
o
AAA'
I a*-b* ' ,<5 t
fr "
b^

l-:j If x =}1[rand y = 3 , findthe value of : (X2 _ y\3 <-1>>

.rf x=+
"fl
t ! - Land,z= |rfi...
, tirdthe value of : X2 + (X z)2 x Y2 't"
Xz

2 \E
@ iL* lf X = 2 and V =,[i , find the value of each of the following in the simplest form :
3 (x+y)4 (x-y)4 << 3 ;9'/ - SO{: "

+, If a-l r b=- 1 rthencalculatethevalue of :7 a6 +(1 -b)-3

'lz
,r[] If X = 3 , y =n[i, find in the simplest form the value of each of the following :
I
l,t)x-'y-o '36"
(x-2 xy\-2 o16"
81

z,[i
L,,t(r)-'
\y/
<(-)
21

@ Choose the correct answer from those given :

o
I
'i 1'+ \" =..........
I
(a) 102 o) 104 (c) 5a (d) so
I

o
I
c5.,o5-
I
(u) 510 G) 610 (c) 6s @) 62s
l

-
I

o (5 u)"'o ; A=t0
I
(a) 5 (b) a (c)5a (d) 1

o
I
c tz ZelO
Jr\ = t X*0
I
(a) zero (b) 1 (c) 3 (d)3 x
I

34
 Exercise l0
o tr nr23\
J_

(a) 36 o) 3s (c) 38 @) 332

o [a] (s2)3 -
(a) 56 (b) ss (") 532 (d) 5
o 'z ffi 43 + 43 + 43 +43 =..........
(a) 43 b) 44 (") 412 (d) 481

E fne quarter of the number :420 =

(u) l2o b) 41e (") 416 (d) 4s

@ 4 times the number : ^8

(a) 232 o) 88 (") 210 (d) 48

o $i,l m Sixth the number :212 x 312 rs

(a) 62 (b) 64 (") 611 @) 623

o t1'r ffi The value of :2s * ({t)'o =

(a) 26 (b) 210 c)(E)" @) (^[r)'o
o I I I The value of '.220 * 221 =
(a) 2 x Zao (b) 2 x 2ar (c) 3 x 220 (d) 3 x 221

o @ m Which of the following is closest to 112+92?

(a) 22 + t8 (b) 2tt + 29 (c) 120 + 20 (d) 120 + 80
I

o ff3x=4:then 3 x=
@)-a o)+ @)a (d) t2
o $grf 2x = 5 , then 8x =
(a) s (b) 1s (c) 25 (d) tLs
1
o r then 6x+ -
(a) 12 (b) 22 (c) 66 (d) 72

o 8!mIf5x=4,then <x-l J_
_

(a) 1.25 (b) 0.8 (c) 0.t25 (d) 0.08

o [B U] 0.002 x 0.05 =
(a) 10-s G) 10-4 (c) 104 (d) los
o rsr [-.n ro ^,
^^ ffi rf x=5\9 , then x-1 _
tt,
(a)
tl, (b)
1I; (.)1Il (d) 2
3
^{i
35
 ZZ I Remember ,r t,lr'il:criii:!')(r o App0y oor Problem solving

o
(a)x'- 1
(b) x-'n- t (c) x** 1
(d) x-** t
o
=r (^[,.^E)' (O -^e )'=
(a) 1 o)1F (")G (d) s
1
22n+ r52n+1
l= The numerical value of the expression :

lo2n
(")# (b) 7 (c) 10 (d) 1oo

Complete the following :

((fr)')'

. :E- The simplest form of the expression

'.22erc x 2- | x (i)' =

The greater number from the two number, (- {r)" ,no (- ^[r)' is "" "

If 4 times a number is 42 ,thet ] this number is """""

'If (X - 5;zero = 1 : then Xe "" "
'-..2
n x= ('E+ :)s una, =(M* r)-t, then xy =

(+)" = 5, then (8)-x = .........

"
IfZx =7, 2l =5 rthen 2x*v =..........
lf 5x=3 ,5-Y-7 tthen5x+v =...'......

Complete the following :

il)lt x3 y- 3 = 8 : then y2 x-2 = ..........

i|)mx=t[z t y=(t f1,thenxlol yloo-
If 3x*2 = 18 : then (81)x = .........'
If2x=3 t 2t=5 rthen42x+Y-

@ Choose the correct answer from those given :

r 5 x 5 x5 x2x2x2x2x2 =4 x..........
(a) 53 @) 23 (c) 103 (d)53 +23

36
 Exercise 10

E If 3 X-y = ll,tthen whatis the value of { t

(u) 2rz
" ,o, oo

(c) 82 (d) insuffcient information to solve.

a @ Zzott _ 22010 + ..........

(a) 2 (b) 2010 (") 22oro (d) zzotr
a @ The expression ' 21000 + 256r2s = ..........

(a) 25812s (b) 258rr2s (") 21ool (d) 4tooo

o lr,iM If X*0and **+=n[i,thenX2*\=

(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 5 (d) 7
a @ m The digit in the units place of :3r2 x zra is
(a) 2 (b) 3 @)a (d) 6

37
 Solving the
equations in IR
m From the school book

O Remember O Understand O Appfly 3'1 Problem Solving

Find the value of n in each of the following where neZ :

l,\ )"5n-?5 q)1-n 2) <-5>
<<2>> l* )L - JL
-

lBlm 3n-2 = 81 <<6>> [43r-2=l <<2>>

u r-tn - l
r.-r rt-n afl-2
ll1 in t =q 1
<<0>> ,6lu(1/3
\,/ ) -e (<5>>

irt ro (?)'"-' =* <<2>> El m (+)'-''= t25

27
<-5>

|:rlm (?)"-^ =z+ <<2>> t@ m (?)'.'= (,*)-' <<1>)

Itt-tS2n-4 =72n-4 <<2 >>

[@ 3,
-4 - nn-4 <3or4>

!{9x3'-4=1 <<2>> 042 x 4rt+3 - 1

32
<,-6r,

Find the S.S. of each of the following equations in IR :

g)6*'-4 - i x2-4 " {-z ,z} " @2*'-e - 1
" {-: ,:} "
.^ nX2-X
L t lxl = {-: ,:} "
,,:1) =+ "{-r,z}" t4-15 125 "

iqm QDx-3-g2x+l "{-ts}" ELlm 3x-3 =({r)".' " {tt} "

1- 9 x 5x-1
@ m 25 x3x* "{:}"

38
 I

I Exercise l1
I

E Find the value of n in each of the following where ne%

O
r;n-gn+1 8nx9n
L '\U _2n L)
l
(18f -., <. z>>
(1 8)'
<.3)>

.2n-3
o _a
--64
(12)"
- <.3)> _-l <<1n
afl-l--
z x3rI1 1
2, 1
Xjn-l
I

( l 3'xBn 1
+r""(F)0" _ r ,<-2>>
(12)^* 1
<<2>>

I
3 9nx4' 16

4n l,2n+3 ^ ) , 4n+
7

---------------=--Lll
8"
..*l>> tr O4)2"
4 x7" x 16"
=49 <<2 >>

tro Find the S.S. of each of the following equations in IR

I

ii)(x-4)s =32 "{o}, ,rjm ---!-=0.0001 {r ,-u}

(X + 9)" " "

*
i.4 62 - X)s = 32 " {-r ,z} " l4 (^'ti)"' =, "{o,t}
Elm 5x2-sx=o.oot6 {r , +} " [q] 5x2 -25x*+
f
" "{+,-a}

tr g11+,2n -.xJx?2" =9-x r then find the value of : x

U
92"
n2n+4
<<2 >,

tro tr W#-
I

3Y -1 , find the value of : y <.1>)

tto ff7:\2x
I

=32-v:findthevalue of :x+y ,r2>,

(r4)^

l-
tro *"( )"-+
: calculate the value ot , (])".' 8
<<T'>

gl- ffirr 49" x252" x34n

'7-" x !54n = 343 r then calculate the value of : 62n (36>
O

t_
I0 tffi tr 3x = 2'l ,4x*Y = I t calculate the value of each of : X and y <.3 r-3>>
o

39
 I Remember Applly
ZZ O o'o Problem Solving

@ Choose the correct answer from those given :

rf 3x* 1= 5 x+7 ,thenx=..........

(a) 4 (b) 3 (c)-1 (d) 1

If 32+X _ 5x+Z ,then7 X+Z = ..........

(a) 7 (b)-7 (c) - 14 (d) 1

,t (?)' = (+). r then n: . ..

(a)-9 (b) e (c) 32 (d) 23

IfZx= g ,thenX2 =
1

@+ (b) e (c)-e (0-+

rf 3 x -' -'G: then x =
(a) 1 (b) zero (c)-1 (d) -2
o({r)".'=zF tthenx=
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) zero (d) 3

If 2x-2 =21-2x,thenI-= """""

(a) 2 @+ (c) 1 (d) zero

If3x=grthenZx-l
(a) 7 (b) 3 (c) 8 (d) s

If22x =4:then 2sx-

(a) 32 (b) 16 (c) 10 (d) 8

If 0.05 x 0.002 = 10
x tthenX=

@)-a (b) zero (c) 2 (d) 4

mIfZx-1 x31-x-2 tthen X=

(a)-3 (b)-1 (c) 1 (d) 3

lr*1 rr 2
" = (r^F * 3{r) (r^$ - r^[r) t then x =
(a)1 (b)-1 (c) 2 (d) -2
If3x=l ,7Y=9:thenXy=
(a) 5 (b) 2 (c) 7 (d) e
 Exercise 1l

Complete the following :

iI If 3n x 35 = 1 r then rr = ....... I..ltZY x 5 Y = 100 : then y= ....,

. ,ff :xx2-x=7.5 rthen \,=......... i

r+
I ffi If 2x x 5* x = 2.5 tfrten X=

i If 4 x-6 = 64,thenlfi= ........ i; m If4x-'o = #,then3{i=

* nX..nX
mf1li)'z
\, / = L7 :then x=.'.. ... ti lE Ir = + ,then x=
'f
,rllm If 3x+3x+3x=l tthenX=
i I EE lf 2x +2x + 2x = 48 ;then X=
If the quart er of 25 is 2x +2
, then \, : ..........

If {3 , u*-'} = {1 ,3} , then f,- ..........

' If (2x , 125) = (16 t y3) , then x - ...,......and y

Find the value of X in each of the following where X CIR :

7l)Xx*2 - 4x+2 <<l4ot-2>>

i,i1)ax+3 - 1 = (a- 1) (a + 1) (a2 + l)(aa + 1) <<5>>

For the g?ar,

^ext t. .,
Ask for A?;}
CTrI I
- l-r\K

EL.MORSSGR

Maths, Science
& Hello English
For 3'd prep.

(1 : t) Y o/6rle/ Y/(.r.JL-) oL].r,,..trI4Edl 41

 on integer powers

ffi
@
lnteractive test
Fromtheschool book

O Remember O Apply oro Problem Solving

I

tl.) Complete the following :

" 3x 22*6+3x5 +4=..........

, Thesimplestfbrmof theexpression:2-3 x2 2+4-3 = "" "'
The simplest fbrm olthe expression :2-3 x 3 + 6 =
2 4

. The simplest form of the expression (r-')' + 9-3 \ (- D-r = """"'

'
r.-. The simplest form of rhe expression : 43 x3 2, ('{*
) '= ...
I
.

ao Find the result of each of the following in its simplest form

I

I mm (r/t)'* s{t +znfi xnfi << 11 >

e (r.F)' "^[i - (^[r)' * 4^{, <70>

3
tr (ttr)- * r{ z +(tE)-- * (1EI'o << 2g >>

u(r,F)^ - ({ry' . (t{r )' * snfi <399>

Eo Find the result of each of the following in its simplest form :

, (.E)' * 3^[i
tr <<->
-1

znfi*(,[i. r)'

(r{r)' " 3n[, << 72 >>

({a.{;)'-2{a
42
 I

Exercise 12

tro ru If a=n[, , t =n[i: find the numerical value of

I

b4-a4. u3+b3
'--{l bo+a"
.r l-
. <<1>) L r
a+b
n5 -lG,

tro Choose the correct answer from those given

I

3l m The expres soo,{!{ = """""

J +J +J

@) 3zx-r (b) 3r -z x (c) 3x3 -z x (d) 33

x-x3

a"r m (5x+z - 5x*') * 5*= ..........

(a) s (b) 10 (c) 15 (d) 20

E m The value of the expression : 35 + ({r)" -2 e)s = ..........

(a) zero (b) 3s (.)(1E)' (d) 2 G)s

@ The simplest form of the expression :

(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 8 (d) 16

n118 .,8
@trx={:, y =4,,5 :then r-' r=.....,....
x- +y-
(a) 4 (b)-4 (c) 16 (d) - 16

Geometric Applications

tro ffi If the total area of a cube = 3.375 x 102 cr&

Find:
lJ The edge length of the cube.

@ The volume of the cube. < 7.5 cm. r 42l.875 cmi

"

z ffi If
o
the volume of the sphere =
f x 13

Find the radius length of the sphere whose volume is 3.8808 x 104 cm?

("=?)
<< 21 cm. >>

43
 ZZ O Remember O Appfly i. Problem Solving

tr m If the volume of the right circular cone is given

I

by the relation : v =
* fi 12 h
I Find the height of the cone h if its volume is 7 .7 x 102 cm?

I and the diameter length of its base is 14 cm. (" = ?)

<15cm.>

Life Applications

tro ffi Connecting with commercial business :

If c = m (1 + r)n where (c) is the total sum (m) in pounds r (r) is the yearly proflt per
pound and (n) is the number of years : then calculate (c) to the nearest pound if :

m=2.5x 104 r r=9.8 x 10-2 tn=12 <76166 pounds >

IE ffi Population:
o
If the number of population (y) in millions in a country is identifled by the relation :

y = 11 .7 (l .\Dx where X is the number of years starting from year 2005

Calculate the number of population expected for this country to the nearest million :

year 20ll year 2000 < 13 millions : 11 millions >

For excellent pupils

IE mIfX=Z+^[i ) y=2-^[i
a

I(x tr+ y)e

- y"
: then flnd the value of the expression , in the simplest form. << zero )>
L

44
 Probability

L
s
I Exercises of the unit:
13. Probability

Scan the
QR code
to solve an
interactive
test on each
lesson
 Probability
ffi From the school book

O Remember O Appfly o'o Problem Solving

Complete the following :

[t The probability of the impossible event equals

and the probability of the certain event equals
o pl For every event A , P (A) e [.......... , ..........]
o @ If a fair coin is tossed oflco r then the probability of appearance of a head equals """""
I

14 10 cards are numbered from 1 to 10 : A card is drawn randomly r then the probability
I

o
that the card carries a prime number equals
I

[!] A bag has cards numbered from 0 to 10 r if a card is drawn randomly r then the
I

o
probability that the card carries an eyen number is ..........
@ A box contains 5 white balls r 7 red balls and 3 blue balls. If a ball is drawn from the
I

o
I box randomly , then the probability that the drawn ball is blue equals
[f A bag contains l}balls : 4 of them are red , 6 are green and the rest are blue. If one
I

o
ball is drawn randomly r then the probability of getting a blue ball equals
@ In the experiment of throwing a fair die and observing the number on the upper face t
I

o
I then the probability of getting a number greater than 4 is ..........
I

o [4 In the experiment of throwing a fair die and observing the number on the upper face t
I
then the probability of getting a number less than 1 equals
[iS A box contains 48 oranges r 4 of them are bad. If we draw an orange at random : then
I

o
the probability that the drawn orange is bad equals
and the probability that it is not bad equals
O
I

[J If the probability of the occuffence of an event tt * , then the probability of

I

l
the non-occurrence of this event is ..........

46
 Exercise l3
L i1@ A room has 3 doors numbered from 1 to 3 One student goes out from one door.

I
The probability that he goes out from the second door is

L
I

@ e city has 200000 people. The probability that a person gets infected by a disease in this
city is 0.003 r then the expected number of infection is .......... people.
L
I

[@A factory produces 400 lamps daily: if the probability that the lamp is
defective = 0.02t then the expected number of good lamps produced daily is
I

t-
ao m A numbered card is selected randomly from a set of similar cards numbered from
I to 24 Find the probability of getting a card that carries :

f! a multiple of 4 a multiple of 6
@ a multiple of 4 and 6 together a multiple of 4 or 6

@ a number divisible by 25 a positive integer less than 25

E ro Selecting randomly a card out of 40 similar cards in a box numbered from 1to 40
Find the probability of getting a card that carries :

B u, even number @ a number divisible by 3

@ a number not divisible by 10 B u, even number divisible by 3
@ a prime number less than 20

Eo If a fair dice is thrown orc€ r what is the probability of each of the following events ?
I t! Getting an even number less than or equal to 4
@ Getting a number between 0 and 10

@ Getting a number divisible by 7

@ Getting a number that is not divisibleby 2

tro lffil Drawing randomly a coloured marble out of a box containing 12 red, marbles,
18 white marbles and,20 blue marbles. Find the probability of drawing :
a white marble. a red marble.
a yellow marble. a non-red marble.
a red or blue marble.

tro A class contains 40 pupils : 20 pupils of them play

football r 10 play volleyball and 6 play basketball
r if one pupil is chosen randomly from the class :
flnd the probability that the chosen pupil doesn't
play any of the previous sports.

47
 F
z O Remember O Understand O App[y ooo Problem Solving
=
ao Wael has
I

a bag containing22 marbles. 12 marbles are black and the remained are red.
Two marbles are drawn without returning them to the bag : they were red r then a third
marble is drawn without looking at it. What is the probability that it is black ?

tro A class has 50 students : the number of girls is less than

I

the number of boys by 10

If a student is chosen randomly r flnd the probability that
the student is a boy.

g A box contains 80 similar balls. Some of them are red and the remained are blue.
o
If the probability of drawing a red ball tt I , find the number of blue balls.
I

I-
IE lffi Drawing randomly a coloured marble out of a bag containing32 similar marbles coloured
o
red : white I green and yellow I the probability of getting a red marble is
$
Estimate how many red marbles are in the bag.

tllo two players in a football team. During the training r

one of them kicked2l penalty kicks r he scored

18 goals : the other kicked 32 penalty kicks r he scored

25 goals. Which of them do you select to kick

a penalty kick during the match ? Why ?

@ l"a football league : the probability of atearnto win is

0.6 and the probability of a draw is 0.3. If the number of
matches supposed to be played by that team is 30 matches.

How many matches do you predict the team wins ?

How many matches do you predict the team loses ?

IE An insurance company for cars pays L.E. 2000 as

O
compensations to the cars that have accidents.
If the probability for a car to get damaged is 0.004
and the numbers of subscribers in this document is 7000
I

subscribers. What is your prediction of what the company

pays as compensation ?

48
 Exercise l3
IB m A garment factory in the Tenth of Ramadan City
o
produces 6000 units daily. As a sample of 1000 units was
examined t 20 defective units were found.
Calculate the number of defective units.

IE m In a fruit packing plant: 30Vo offruits is nor suirable

for exporting because the size is too small.
How many tons can be exported in 10 days if 20 tons
of fruits are delivered back daily to the factory ?

lE m A calculator manufacturing company examined randomly electronic

O I r, ! 1 n^nn
circuits in a sample of 200 units. The defective productionwas 67o
f How many units are out of order in this sample ?

1
:J tt ttre total production in one month was 1500 units: how many units
are functional units of marketing ?

lB m A Hfe insurance company has found in a sample of 10000 rlen : between 40

'i and50years old, t67 aredeadinoneyear.
E Wtrat is the probability of a man to die between 40
and 50 years old in one year ?

E Why are these results important for life insurance

companies ?

@ If tfre company signed life-insurance contracts with 50000

men between 40 and 50 years old , then how many
death-beneflts should be paid in one year ?

@ fne following data shows the result of a survey about means of transport pupils
use to go to school :

Means of transport Bicycle Bus Private car On foot

The number l2 t6 8 t2

If a pupil is selected randomlyr what is the probability that the pupil :

@ goes to school by bus. @ goes to school on foot. @ doesn't ride bicycles.

(V : f) Y o/q5rlo !\/(,r!rt^)-Lj or:..tr)Elldl 49

 F
z O Remember C Applly of Problem Solving
l
I

IE
o
ffi The following table shows the evaluation of 50 students in one month.
A student is randomly selected. What is the probability of getting a score of :

L1J Excellent. [C Gooa. is I natled. i ,Less than good.

Estimate Excellent Very good Good Pass Fail

Number 6 9 11 t6 B

@ The following table shows the registered calls of 150 persons in one of the
O
communication centres :

Less than From2to 4 From 4 to 6 More than 6

Call duration
I
2 minutes minutes minutes minutes

No. of persons t20 15 10 5

Find the probability that a person makes a call of duration :

I

['r ]Less than2 minutes E From zto 4 minutes

I E]More than 6 minutes E 2 minutes and more
t-
?n m A survey has been conducted on L00 students about their favourite games which
they practise. The result was as follows :

I
Favourite game * /
trootball Handball Athletics Tennis Hockey

I
Number of students 44 21 t2 4 t3
I

[I n'ind the probability if a student prefers :

(a) Practising football. (b) Practising handball. (c) Practising athletics.

(d) Practising tennis. (e) Practising hockey.
EJ If tne number of students is 600, how many students are predicted to practise hockey ?

@ ffi garment factory produces two types of shirts.

a.
The factory made a suryey to adjust the production
quantity according to the market requirements.
Samples of 100 shirts are chosen from 5 shopping centres
of the factory. The following table lists the results : H
50
 Exercise 13

Number of shopping centres 1 2 J 4 5

Sold amount of first type 39 82 34 22 53

Sold amount of second type 6t 18 66 78 41

f Wfricn type is more demanded ? What is the advice you give to the company ?

@ If tne btal production of this factory was 4000 shirts r what is your estimated number
of shirts of the first type ?

ffi In producing 300 electric lamps r L8 units were found defective.

E Wtrat is the probability of a unit to be a defective unit ?

E Wfrat is the probability of a functional unit ? (,ffi)

B ts it possible for a unit to be a functional unit and out of order unit at
,*,
the same time ?

@ Find the sum of the probability of a defective unit and the probability
of a functional unit. What do you observe ?
Eftadailyproductionof thisfactorywas 1600electriclampsr flndthenumberof the
functional units in that day.

4o ffi In a suryey of favourite weight of a package of washing powderz

the manufacturing company asked a group of 300 ladies using this product.
I

The following table lists the results :

Weight (in gm) t25 250 375 500 Sum

U'ASIIING
PO'I'DER
I
Number of ladies 120 45 96 39 300

@ Seiecting randomly alady: what is the probability to choose :

(a) 125 gm. (b) 250 gm. (c) 375 gm. (d) 500 gm.
I

@ What is your advice to the manager of this company according to the results of this survey ?

a The opposite figure represents a spinner game

i

:
O
E n'inO the probability that the pointer stops at :

(a) the red colour.

(b) the green colour.
(c) the yellow colour.

E]pind the probability that the pointer does not stop at the red colour.

51
 ZI o Remember ! Understand O Appny oeo Problem Solving

@ Choose the correct answer from those given :

i n
I
I T: I rrril r r,7 e 11 L1- - ,-,--1-^1^:
Which of the following may be the probability of an event ?

(a) t.2 (b) - 0.4 (c) 3r5% (d) 15%o

B In an experiment of throwing a fair die r then the probability of appearing a number

not equal to 2 onthe upper face is

(") @+J tc)'J * (d)
*
+
E ff a coin is thrown 400 times : then the most expected number of appearing tail
is ........
(a) 204 (b) 1ee @) 240 (d) 1es

o @ Ahmed is a pupil inZnd preparatory. In his class r there are 36 pupi1s.16 of them are girls.
If a pupil is selected randomly : what is the probability that the pupil is a boy ?
@+ @+ ("); (d)+
o @ There are 25 boys and 20 girls in a classroom. One pupil is chosen randomly.
The probability that the chosen pupil is a girl equals """""

@t @+ @* (d)
+
@ ff tfre probability that apupil succeeds rsl07o : then the probability of his failure is """""
(a) 0.1 (b) 0.07 (c) 0.3 (d) 0.03

o @ A bag contains a number of similar balls: half of them are red ,

]of them are black
and the rest are white. One ball is drawn. The probability that the drawn ball is white
equals

@+ o)+ tc)
.J I (d) zero

o E If the probability that a worker goes to his work on foot is twice the probability of
using any other mean of transport r then the probability that the worker uses a mean of
transport = ...".....

@)+ (b)+ @? (d) 2

o @ A box contains ba1ls coloured with red r green : blue and yellow. If the box contains
20 yellow balls and the probability of selecting a yellow ball randomly is
f ,
what is the number of balls in the box ?

(a) 5 (b) 2s (c) 60 (d) 80

o @ The number of pupils in a class of 2nd year preparatory is 36 pupils r the probability l

of selecting a pupil whose age is less than or equal to 13 years is f,

What is the number of pupils in the class whose ages are more than 13 years ?

(a) 23 (b) 24 (c) 30 (d) 32

52
 Exercise l3
o E! fn a mixed school: the ratio between the number of boys to the number of girls is 7 : 9
A pupil is selected randomly from this school.
The probability that the selected pupil is a boy equals ..........
(a) zero @+ (")* (d) 7

o @ fn a mixed school : there are 1500 pupils. A random sample formed from 200 pupils is
selected. It is found that the number of girls equals 90
What is the expected number of girls in the school ?
(a) 600 girls (b) 625 girls (c) 650 girls (d) 675 girls

@ L the opposite board two squares are drawn , if a person points

at it as atarget : then the probability of hitting the shaded
region is ..........
@+
(c)
.l

i
G)+
'J

(o+
@
H
O

Is

ee
@A spinner game is divided into two parts X and y : then the pointer is rolled 400 rounds
r it stopped 98 times in the region X t then which of the following flgures the pointer
points to the region X ?

a A bag contains
I

a number of similar balls: 5 white balls and the rest is red.

a

t , nnAthe total number of balls.

aa
If the probability of drawing a red ball equals
t-
I

@ A card is chosen randomly from a group of cards labelled by the numbers from 1 to n
lr If the probability that the drawn card carries a number greater than 8 is ,
{3
find the value of n

53
 rratss pioblerns
b€Iste $.ldJt)
t! Choos. the correct answer from the given ones :

L' 5
r-.
2'2-
5

,,)5 (d) 10
(a) 1 @+s \c) T 4
@ If two thirds of a number equals 6 r then this number equals

@)a (b) 7 (c) 9 (d) 24

E]Wtrictr two fractions of the following are not equal ?

@+,tr b+,9
JO @)*,h @)8,+
@ Wnicfr of the following numbers is divisible by 4 ?

(a) t258 (b) 242r (c) 1536 (d) 4010

El Wnicn of the following numbers is the greatest ?

(a) (- 9)1s (b) (+)" (c) 501'"'o (d) (0)100

[e lZlo xZ-to =J""

(a) zero (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3

| 4lIf 5 X=35 tthenZ X+ I =

(a)1 (b) 8 (c) 15 (d) 7L

l@If ax =2 t tY = 3 r then ax*Y = ..........

(a)1 (b)-1 rc)? (d) 6

fg]Which of the following numbers lies between}.2 and2.3 ?

(a) 1.3 (b) 2.4 (c) 2.25 (d) 2.1

54
 Bosic Skills

1[00-64=10-
(a) 6 (b) 4 (c)-6 (d)-4
T1++50a,o=""""'
(a) 75 (b) s0? (c) 125 (d) J
7o 7o
z
@If1tr- =3 ,then1[i=
(a) zero (b) 2 @)a (d) e

@ If (3 r k) satisf,es the relation: 2 X + y = 7 :thenk=

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
.,0 5 (X+2) -7 _ 13 - (4 - X) r then X =
r,
69
@)h (o)+ @# (d) JJ
t3
OB23o + 230 + 230+ 230 = .."......
(*) 8120 (b) 830 (") 2r2o (il 232

fl Complete the following :

7)2r6-12+3=...... E QT2-zxt7+t7
t7
1.,3+x"'...".=I @-1+l-71=
IEJ 298 + 502 = 300 + '........

[-q](3 X -')' = 9 where X+0

O)ff X+ y = +, then (5 X+ 5 y)3 =

et If3 = Z,then 5a =..........

b)2b
[b-l If x'. 49 = 2'. 7 trhen X = ..........

@ If the sum of flve numbers equals 20 t then the arithematic mean of these numbers =

Fl] 1 ,2 t4 tl tll ,..........(inthesamepattern)

64l ,4 ;9 t 16 : ..".'...' (in the same pattem)

Ed ff2-A =
5
- 2 ; then X2 = ...."....
@ If 0.000 37 = 3.7 x 10n r then n =

@IfM (1, 3) :N (0, 1) rthenthe slope of

r MN =

55
Second Geometry

unit4 Areas,

unitS Similarity, converse of Pythagoras'

theorem and Euclidean theorem. . .. 82

Accumulative Basic Skills

"TIMSS Problems" 109
I Exercises of the unit :
./_)
1. Equality of the areas of two parallelograms
(Theorem (t)and its corollaries). i
iffi:
\-1,

2. Follow: Corollaries on theorem (t).

Scan the
3. Equality of the areas of two triangles QR code
(Theorem (Z)and its corollaries). to solve an
interactive
4. Follow : Equality of the areas of two triangles (Theorem (3)). test on each
lesson
5. Areas of some geometric figures.
IJJ
tn
U Equality of the areas of two
G
ul
x
UJ lnteractive test
i.l i From the school book

O Remember O Understand oAppfly joj Problem Solving

Complete the following :

[_!] Surfaces of two parallelograms with common base and between two parallel straight
lines r one is carrying this base : are

@ The parallelogram and with common base and between two parallel straight
lines are equal tn area,

@Theareaof theparallelogram= "''""" x """""

@ The areas of the parallelograms with bases equal in length and lying on a straight line r

while the opposite sides to these bases are on another straight line r are

ffi a)
Choose the correct answer from those given :

lI If the base length of a parallelogram is 7 cm. and the corresponding height is 4 cm. r

then its area equals

(a) 11cm? b) ru cr&. (c) 22 cr&. (d) 28 cr&

@ If the area of a parallelogram is 35 cr*. and its height is 5 cm. : then the length of the
corresponding base is ..........
(a) 5 cm. (b) 7 cm. (c) 9 cm. (d) 30 cm.

[q] If the area of a parallelogram is 50 cm? and its base length = 10 cm. r then the
corresponding height of this base =
(a) 500 cm. (b) 5 cm. (c) 250 cm. (d) 100 cm.

5B
 Exe rc ise

@ If the lengths of two adjacent sides of a parallelogtam arc B cm. and 10 cm. and its
greater height is 5 cm. r then its area equals
(a) 80 cm? (b) 50 cm? (c) 40 cr& (d) 18 cm?
@ tf enCO is a parallelogram in which : AB = 5 cm. r BC = 10 cm. and its smaller
height is 4 cm. : then its greater height equals
(a) 2 cm. (b) 4 cm. (c) 8 cm. (d) 10 cm.

@ A parallelogram whose atea= 50 cm? and the length of its base equals twice the
corresponding height r then this height equals
(a) 50 cm. (b) 25 cm. (c) 10 cm. (d) 5 cm.

In each of the following , if ABCD is a parallelogram r complete the statements below

each figure :

D
tr tr

C^EB
+6Cm.+
C 4cm. B

The area of D ABCD = The area of D ABCD = ......'...cm?

tr BM
12cm /l
Yg
$ s
I
The area of D ABCD = .......... .& If the area of D ABCD is 1.7 r*: then
XY = .......'.. m.
trLUr

.ffii
+Scm.--.........*

If the area of D ABCD is

2400 crrt. : then DC = ........'. cm.
: AF = .......... cm.
59
 ZI O Remember I Understand O Appfiy 3'1 Problem Solving

tro In the opposite figure

I

ABCD is a parallelogram in which m (Z ABC) = 150' ,

AD=72cm.rAB=8cm.
,EGeEandAEIG
Find : The area of D ABCD

Wffi In the opposite figure :

(-)

ABCD is a rectangle, AE ll DF, E eBd and F CBd

Prove that :

The area of the flgure ABCM = the area of the flgure DMEF

tro l[Il In the opposite figure :

ffi ttEE,xe AE',Ye m

I

I , XDEY is a rectangle and nO tt Yg

I

E Find the area of the figure ABED

I
E] If AD = 30 cm. : find the length of the perpendicular E 12cm. D

I from B to AD < 288 cml r 9.6 cm. >

t-
ao In the opposite figure :

ABCD and XBCY are two parallelogritrrls : X GAB

and the areaofA XCY = 15 cr&

Find : The area of D ABCD

In the opposite figure :

ABCD and AEBD are two parallelograms and F e DE

such that BP ll ee
Prove that :

IAEFB is a parallelogram.

@The areaof D ABCD = the area of D AEFB

In the opposite figure :

DBFE and DFCE are two parallelograms

and F CBC
Prove that :

The area of the flgure ABFE = the area of the flgure ADFC

60
 Exercise 1

lE
o
m In each of the following : show that all the three parallelograms haye equal areas :

tr tr tr

Eo In the opposite figure :

ABCD and BEMN are two parallelograms and EC = DN

I

I
whereEeDZandMeAN
I

I
Prove that : The area of D ABCD = the area of D BEMN
I

1-
ABCD is a parallelogram whose area is 240 cr*
I
I
I hz ---
I

L,:hr= 5: 3, Lr, Lr= 4 : 3Find : h, in,

I
I
I

- Accumulative tests.
- Monthly tests.
- lmporiant questions.
- Final examinations.

61
 Follow: Corollaries
on theorem (11
li,.li From the school book

O Remember a Understand O App[y JL Problem Solving

Choose the correct answer from those given :

E fne area of the triangle is .......... the area of the parallelogram which has a common
base with it and its vertex lies on the straight line parallel to this base.
(a) equal to (b) half (c) twice (d) quarter

= .......... the base length x the coffesponding height.

(a)z
[E The area of the triangle
16! (.)+ (d)+
E ffre ratio between the area of the parallelogram and the area of the triangle whose base
is common and are included between two parallel straight lines =
(a) t :2 (b) 1 : 3 (c) 2: I (d) 2:3
@ If tne base length of a triangle is 4 cm. and the corresponding height = 3 cm. :
then its area =
@) 6 cr& (b) tz cr* (c) 24 cm. @) 3a cr&

@ The triangle whose base length is 12 cm. and its area is 48 crrt r the corresponding
height = .."......
(a) 3 cm. (b) 4 cm. (c) 6 cm. (d) 8 cm.
o [E]
i
If tne area of the triangle is 42 cr& and its height = 7 cm. r then the length of the
I

I
l
corresponding base = """""
l

(a) 15 cm. (b) L2 cm. (c) 8 cm. (d) 4 cm.

C @ The area of a right-angled triangle in which the lengths of the sides of the right angle
are 6 cm. and9 cm. equals
(a) 54 crrt (b) 60 cm? (c)27 cr& (d) 15 cm?

62
 Exercise 2

o E If ABCO is a parallelogram with area 100 cm? and E €AD ,

I then the area of A EBC = ..........
I
(a) 25 crfr. (b) 50 cm? (c) 100 cm? (d) 200 cr&
l-
a In the opposite figure :

ABCD is a parallelogram and E € AD

Complete the following :
f ffre area of A EBC = .......... the area of D ABCD
@ If tne area of A EBC = 20 ctl : then the area of D ABCD
g In the opposite figure

M
:
o DA
ABCD is a parallelogram :AE = 4 cm. r ED = 3 cm.
I

I tm(LAED) = 90o and E e BC

I
Complete: CEB
i
E tfre area of A AED = .......... cr&. Ie]fhe areaof D ABCD =..........cr&
l-
tro In the opposite figure :

ABCD is a parallelogram in which r BC = 6 cm. , DB I BC ,

such that r DB = 8 cm. and E eAts

Complete:

E ffre area of DABCD = .......... cm?

E fne area of A EBC = .......... cr*
Eo Ir, the opposite figure :

ABC is a right-angled triangle at A t

AD I gC reg = 4 cm.andAC = 3 cm.

Find : E ffre area of A ABC B ttre length of AD

4cm. A
o6 cml ;2.4 cm. >>

tro In the opposite figure :

ABC is a triangle in which BC = 6.5 cm.

I

:AC = 6 cm., AE I BC, BDI AC andBD = 5 cm.

I

I
Find : f] fne area of A ABC The length of AE
< i5 cml ,4$ cnr.,
I

63
I

I
 :
Z O Remember 3 Understand O Appfly ooo Problem Solving
l
I

E ffi In the opposite figure :

AD IaE, BEI AC :AC = 16cm. :

a
aa

BC = 10 cm. andAD = 8 cm.

Find:
[] The area of A ABC I lThe length of BE
,, 40 cm? r 5 ctn. >>

trL ffi In the opposite figure :

ABCD is a rectangle and E € Bd

I

I
Prove that : The area of A DAE = the area of A ABC

gl- ffi L, the opposite figure :

o
ABCD and ABMN are two parallelograms
I

I
and M €aD
I
Prove that :

I The area of A EBC =

| tnearea of ZABMN
l

IE In the opposite figure :

a
aa
ABCD is a rectangle : ABEF is a parallelogram
,DCCF,XCBE,EeCF
I

:AB = 4 cm. and BC = 10 cm.

Find by proof :

@ The area of D ABEF 10cm. B

@ The area of A XAF n 40 cml ,20 cri ,,

Ul m rn the opposite figure :

ABCD and BECD are two parallelogr&nlS : where

ACnno={rur}
Prove that :

w
The area of A ABD = the area of A MEC

@ Ml In the opposite figure :

o
ABCD and EBCF are two parallelogrorrlS : BE n CO- = {L}
I

l ,DCAFandECAF
I
Prove that : [il
The area of A ABL = the area of A FCL
I @ The area of the flgure ABCL = the area of the flgure FCBL
64
 i

Exercise 2
I

IE In the opposite figure :

o
ABCD andAEFD ars two parallelograms
I and AE n Dd = {x}
I

Prove that z

I The area of A ABX = the area of A DFX

t-
@ In the opposite figure :
o
ABCD and AEFD are two parallelograms and AE n CO = {fuf }
I
whereECBFandCeBF
Prove that z
I

The area of A ABM = the area of A DMF

tro In the opposite figure

I

ABCD andACEF are two parallelograms and D €FE

I Prove that z

I
The area of D ABCD = the area of D ACEF
I

IE l[f,l] In the opposite figure :

o e + <+
ED
-
I/BC I XD II CY I

I
EdtrFdlDY,xcFC
I
,FCEDandAeED
Prove that : The area of D EBCF = the area of D ABCD = the area of D DXCY
I

m lffi In each of the following figures ,Xy ttffi r show that the area of the coloured
part is equal to half of the area of the parallelogram ABCD :

(t : f) Y o/6rlc !\/Qtrt^)oLJ ol:,.LrI4bCl 65

 I
Zq Remember C Appfly oto Problem Solving

IE ri i ir In each of the opposite figures :

i.
ABCD is a parallelogram.
oE */@
I

Why is the arca of flgure (1) equal to @

I an
\:/
the area of flgure (2) ?
I
C

(a) (b)
I

t-
tp
o

I
li i ril In the opposite figure
LMNE is a parallelogram.
Prove that :
:

The area of A LEF + the area of A MFN = the area of A LEM

.M
NM
EL

t-
@ ll-,.X] Xn the opposite figure : E D___..__j
O
ABCDisaparallelogram,EeABandBEnCD={F}
Prove that : The area of A AFD = the area of A EFC
W c- B

8o In the opposite figure :

DtsCF is a parallelogram with area equal to 80 cm? and E € DF

l

ACFX is a parallelogram and A C BX

Frove that
I

:
I

I ! lThe area of A EBC = the area of A EFX

I

I
,r I The area of A AXE + the area of A ECF = 40 crfr.
t-
a In the opposite figure :

EE ni,i.ill In the opposite frgure :

? ABCD is a parallelogram whose perimeter is 48 cm. r

I gc =2 AB and the area of AABC = 56 c& ,
E is the midpoint of BC
Find : i rlThe two heights of D ABCD
: ;l The area of A AEC < 14 cnr. r 7 cnr. r 28 cml >

66
 Exercise I
tife Application +3 m.*>

tn
E The opposite flgure shows a design of a rectangular piece
o
of land of dimensions 15 m. and 6 m. r divided into four
congruent places for parking c&rS r each of them is in the shape
I

of a parallelogram , and two congruent places for planting

i

flowers t adch of them is in the shape of a triangle : besides

I
a path for cars in the shape of a rectangle of width 3 m.
I

Find : E The area used for parking cars. o 36 mi o

I

@ The area used for planting flowers. o9m?,

i +S6.--+

E In the opposite figure :

L
I
ABCD is a parallelogram , F e CD and tsF n AB = {E}
I

I Prove that :
I

i
The area of A AFE = the area of A DCE
t-
tr AABC is right-angled at B r m (L C)= 30o r BBI AC intersecting it at D
a
aa
2AD x BC
Proye that : BD =
AC

Solve the interactive tests

by scanning the GIP COde

Download Open the

application
OP reoder
tthen scan
Flpplication on GIP code in
your phone each exercise

67
 @
IJJ
tn
o Equality of the areas
&,
IIJ
x
lrJ of two triangles lnteractive test
.,1,,r from the school book

*.1r.!!f

O Remember O Understand O Appfly o'r Problem Solving

Ea Complete the following :

E fne two triangles drawn on a coflrmon base and their vertices located
on a straight line parallel to the base are
E] i=l Triangles with congruent bases and drawn between two parallel lines are

@ il The median in the triangle divides its surface into ..........

@IfagC is a triangle r D is the midpoint of BC r then :

The area of AABD = the area of A ..........

ElIf Xl is a median rn A^XYZ: then the area of LXYZ = """"" the area of A XYL
ie-- The triangle XYZ inwhich Le YZ such that = *z LZ t then :

LXYZ
"t
The area of A XYL = ..'....'.. the area of

i==l fn the opposite figure :

ABC is a triangle with a median AD ,

E e AD : draw gE and CE
Prove that : The area of A ABE = the area of A ACE
Complete:
'.' AD- is a median in the triangl6-. ..'.....
.'. The area of A ABD = the area of .......... (1)
is a median in A EBC
.'. The area of A EBD = the area of .......... (2)
Subtracting sides of (2) from sides of (1) : then the area of A ABE = (Q.E.D.)

68
 Exercise 3
ffi fn the opposite frgure :

A
ffi ttffi and AC n sD = {rur} CD
Complete and justify each step of your answer :

{I fne of A ADB = the area of .....'.... because

area

EJ The area of A DAC = the area of ..."....' because BA

E fne area of A DAM = the area of .......'.' because
In the opposite figure :
o
D is the midpoint of Ae and E is the midpoint of AC
I

I Prove that :

I
The area of A BDE =the area of A CDE

tro In the opposite figure

I

ABCD is a quadrilateral. E e BC such that XB tt OC ,

l
ACnpB={rur}
I
Prove that : The area of A ABC = the area of the figure ABED

I-
tro In the opposite figure :

ABCD is a quadril ateralin which xo ttBC and BE n eB = {U}

such that BA = AE
Prove that : The area of A ADC = the area of A ADE

z ffi fn the opposite flgure

o
:

I
XC ttXY and F is the midpoint of XY
l

I
Prove that : The area of A ABF = the area of A CBF
l-
tro In the opposite figure :

ABC is a triangle. X is the midpoint of AB ,

I

Y is the midpoint of AC- and E CeE

Prove that : The area of A XYE = the area of A AXY
I

tro In the opposite figure

I

AOIIBC,ACNBD=TM},
E is the midpoint of BC
C

Prove that : The area of the flgure ABEM = the area of the f,gure DMEC

69
 F
z O Remember I Understand O Appfly o'o Problem Solving
f
I

IE In the opposite figure :

a
aa
Xo ttBC , AC n BD = {M} and BX = CY
Prove that :

The area of the flgure ABXM = the area of the figure DCYM

fll ln the opposite figure :

XO t t BC and B is the midpoint of YM- :
C is the midpoint of MX

Prove that : The area of A AYB = the area of A DCX

fiffi l" the opposite figure :

't-
'r AD llBCandAc n 3P = {tvl} ,
D is the midpoint of EC
Prove that :

The area of A MDE = the area of A AMB

IE [J fn the opposite figure :

i. ABCD is a quadrilateral whose diagonals intersect at M:
I

I
XO ttBC and E is the midpoint of AB,
N is the midpoint of MC

A
Prove that z The area of AAEM = the area of A DNC

IE In the opposite figure : DEA

o
XO tt BC and E is the midpoint of AO
l

i Prove that :

H
The area of the flgure ABCE = the area of the figure DEBC
I

CB
tro In the opposite figure
l

: DA
ABCD is a parallelogram. E is the midpoint of BC
Prove that : The area of A ABE =
t tn" area of D ABCD

IE In the opposite figure :

o
I

70
ABCD is a parallelogram. E is the midpoint of AD
The area of

Find : The
D ABCD = 48 cr*.
area of AABE
ru
CB
<, 12 cw? ,,
 I

t_
l

Exercise 3
ND

,ry'
I

[E L the opposite figure :

O
I nfnN is a square whose side length is 12 cm.:
l_
I X C DE and Y is the midpoint of XN
j Find : The area of A XYF
V<
I

I J{r t.rn
t-
I

lE I"
f\
the opposite figure :
^
l'l-- n is the midpoint of BCr
I
.41-\"
E is the midpoint of AC r

Lh" area of A DEC = 5 crt

,
I

Calculate : The area of A ABC u 20 cm2.

[b ," the opposite flgure :

?l' ,A.BCD is a quadril ateralin which m (L C) = 90o r BC = 8 cm.
]
]
I

I
, DC = 6 cm. r E is the midpoint of AC
Prove that : The area of the figure ABCD = 48 cm2.
:

:#
't,,N
C
E

8cm.
8cm.
A

W
I

f[
'?l' ngCp
Ul trn the opposite figure :
is a quadril ateralwhose diagonals intersect at M :
'r*+r ,i: \

AD llBC: X CAD- and Y CAD-

, such that :AX = DY
L

CB
l r::t1'

&
I

ure DCMY

Eo r;,1ln the opposite figure :

I nnCO is a parallelogram. E e CIi : where BC = BE

A
I

@ lnthe opposite figure : DA

i AD llBCtFe ACandEeAC
I such that :AF = FE //E -\
z>
IL_-_-

A
I

Prove that : The area of A BFE = the area of A DFC CB

EB r, the opposite figure : DA
it_ep ll BC tDF//ECandAC n sp= {n},
!]' DF0nc={F}
Prove that : The area of A ABE = the area of A ECF FCB

71
 ZI Remember Appily & Problem

m
O O Solving

@ In the opposite figure : DA

o
ABCD is a parallelogram. Its diagonals intersect at M
and B is the midpoint of EC

Prove that : The area of A EBD = the area of A ACD

@ tffilfn the opposite figure : DA

o
I
ffi ttEd,BcBdandld 1ffi,,
I ACnno={ttzt}
Prove that :
ECB
I

I I lThe area of A ABM = the area of A DCM = the area of A EMC

'r tThe area of A DBC = the area of A EBM
I

t-
tro In the opposite flgure :

XO tt BC and BE = CF
I

I Prove that :
I
The area of the flgure ABED = the area of the figure AFCD

8o []Jll In the opposite figure

I

XO tt BC Prove that : The area of A ABM = the area of A DMC

and if the area of A MBC = 20 cr* ,
the area of A ABM = 3 times the area of A MBC

Calculate : The area of the rectangle drawn o, gC such that its other base is on ID
l
< 160 cm.' >

e In the opposite figure

I

:
a
aa
I
ABC is a triangle. D e Ed and E e Ed such that BE = CD :
+
I DF // CA and intersects BA at F
Prove that : The area of A FBC = the area of A ACE
I

I
I
I

@ In the opposite figure :

ABC is a triangle in which X is the midpoint of BC and E C BX
Draw fr ttBe to cut AC at Y
Prove that : The area of A EYC = 1'2 the area of A ABC

72
 Follow: Equality of the areas

pi From the school book

O Remember I Understand O Appfiy 3.1 Problem Solving

Lf, In the opposite figure :

ABCD is a quadrilateral r its diagonals intersect at M

and the area of A ABM = the area of A DCM

Prove that : en lr gC

ao In the opposite figure :

ABC is a triangle in which D CAB and E C AC

I

I
such that the area of A ABE = the area of A ACD

I
Prove that : Pg rr gC
t-
E
o
ffi In the opposite figure :

AB=AC,BDIACandCEIAB
Prove that
I

:
I

I
trED IBC
@ fhe area of A ADB = the area of A AEC

/x
I

t_
tro ffi In the opposite figure
I

:
ABCD is a quadrilateral whose diagonals are intersecting at M
andE€BM rwhereME=MD
The area of A AMB = the area of A CME -\
Prove that : eO r gC
/
CB
(\. I t) Y o/6tls!Y,/(iJ,-JL.:) .,rf .,*rf,-rfglXCll 73
 Z+ o Remember O z\tptolly o'o Problem Solving

tro ffi rn the opposite figure

I

ABCD is a quadril ateralin which n O ll gC

,EeBdandACnBD={Vr}
The area of A ABM = the area of A ECM

Prove that : OB ll fr
ffi In the opposite figure :

ABEC is a parallelogram.

D e Ed such that the areaof A DBC = the area of A EBC

Prove that : nO ll nC

ao In the opposite figure :

ABCD is a rectangle. BC = 12 cm.t CD = 9 cm.

I

and the area of A XAC = 54 crrt

I

Prove that : XO lt nC
I

t-
tr ffi In the opposite figure
aa
a
:

ABCD is a parallelogram , AC n BD = {M}

and E C AE : where the areaof A AME = the ateaof A ABC

Prove that : The figure BECD is a parallelogram.

El r, the opposite figure :

ABCD is a parallelogram. E €AD

and F is a point outside the parallelogram.

Draw FC , FE and FB such rhat :

The area of A FCE = the area of A EAB + the area of A ECD

Prove that : gF ii EC

74
 Exercise 4

M
l0 l" the opposite flgure : DA
i.
ABCD is a parallelogram.
The area of A ABX = the area of A DMC

Prove that : VtX lf ag C

EI lffi In the opposite figure :

o
ABCD is a quadrilateral.
I

X e AD and Y C AD such that AX = YD

I

I
The area of A ABM = the area of A DCM

I
Prove that : eO ll gC
l_
I

@ In the opposite figure :

o
ABCD is a quadrilateral.

The area of A ABD = the area of A ACD

Prove that : The area of A AED = the area of A ACD

In the opposite figure :

E is the midpoint of BC , AC n gD = {IuI}
The area of A ABE = the area of A DEC

Prove that : The area of AAMB = the area of A DMC

In the opposite figure :

If AD II BC
and the area of A ABE = the area of A DFC
/tXi'
/ )1--->t \
Prove that: W tt SC '\
,/,"
In the opposite figure :

no ttBC , AC 0 eD- = {nA} ,

CX ir a median in A CBD
and BY is a median in A BAC

Prove that : XY ll SC

75
 F ,E:1

z {'tffi,
-"f4f O Remember S Understand O Apply lo Problem Solving
f
I

lE L the opposite figure :

o
Ii_
I
ABCO is a quadrilateralin which

i AD ll BC t E is the midpoint of BD

and F is the midpoint of AC

Prove that : nf ll SC
'ffilnthe opposite figure :

ABCD is a quadrilateral.
DX- is a median in A DAB r

AY ir a median in AACD
The area of A XAD = the area of A YAD

Prove that : dO tt SC tt XY

ffi. I" the opposite flgure :

ABCD is a quadril ateral.X is the midpoint of AO
and Y is the midpoint of BC such that :

The area of the flgure ABYX = the area of the flgure DCYX

I f"or. that : XO ttF;C

f,ffii I" the opposite figure :

ABCD is a quadrilateral.
M is the point of intersection of its diagonals.
IfAM=|wCandDM=fnrn
Prove that : eO ll eC

ffi-fi I" the opposite figure :

ABC is a triangle.
K € AB , E € AC and M is the midPoint of eE ,

the area of A ABC = twice the area of A AKM

Prove that : fC ll SE

76
 Areas of some
figures
Ir-ll From the school book

O Remember t Understand CApp[y o'o Problem Solving

Complete the following :

E fne area of the rhombus = the side length x .......... = t c/the product of ..........
E fne area of the square = the square of the length of .......... = +
E fn" length of the middle base of thetrapezium equals
@ fne area of the trapezium = half of the sum of lengths of the two parallel bases x ........,.

= the length of .......... x its height

E fne base angles of the isosceles trapezium are ..........
tr m The diagonals of an isosceles trapezium are ..........
B fina the area of each of the following figures :

@ A rhombus of side length 6 cm. and its height = 5 cm. <30cm?>

tr m Arhombus whose side length is 12 cm. and its height = 8 cm. .. 96 crnl ,
tr m A rhombus whose diagonals lengths are 8 cm. and 10 cm. <40cm?>
@Arhombus whose diagonals lengths are24 cm. and 10 cm. < 120 cml>

@A square whose diagonal length = 10 cm. ,, 50 cm?,

tr m A square whose diagonal length = 8 cm. << 5l 2

Cflt. >,

@ Atrapezium whose bases lengths are 6 cm. and 8 cm. and its height = 12 cm. .. 84 cm? >

@ A trapezium whose bases lengths are 8 cm. and 10 cm. and its height = 5 cm. o 45 cm?,

@ A trapezium whose middle base length is 7 cm. and its height = 6 cm. ., 42 cm? r,

@ A trapezium whose middle base length is 12 cm. and its height = 8 cm. ,. 96 cm?,

77
 F
o Remember C Aippfly o'o Problem Solving
=m,
I - -tt{

Choose the correct answer from those given :

[I ffre area of a rhombus is 20 crrt., the length of one of its diagonals is 5 cm.: then the
length of the other diagonal = """""
(a) 8 cm. (b) 4 cm. (c) 10 cm. (d) 15 cm.

[4 If tfre area of a square is 50 cm?, then the length of its diagonal = """""
(a) 25 cm. (b) 5 cm. (c) 10 cm. (d) 20 cm.

lE fne area of the square whose side length is 6 cm. the area of the square whose
diagonal length is 8 cm.
(a) > (b) < (c) = (d)
=
L4 If tne perimeter of a rhombus is 24 cm. and its area = 3O cm.2 , then its height = """""
(a) 4 cm. (b) 5 cm. (c) 6 cm. (d) 12 cm.

[C If tne product of the lengths of the diagonals of a rhombus = 96 cr*. and its height is

6 cm.r then its side length = """""

(a) 12 cm. (b) 8 cm. (c) 6 cm. (d) 4 cm.

E The trapezhtmin which the lengths of its two parallel bases are 15 cm. and 11 cm.Its
middle base is of length
(a) 26 cm. (b) 15 cm. (c) 13 cm. (d) 11cm.

IZJff tneareaof atrapezfiimis32cr*. anditsheightis4cm.rthenthelengthof itsmiddle

base =
(a) 4 cm. (b) 8 cm. (c) 14 cm. (d) 16 cm.

E It tfre area of a trapezium is 450 cr?., andthe lengths of its two parallel bases are
24 cm. and 12 cm. r then its height = """""
(a) 12.5 cm. (b) 25 cm. (c) 36 cm. (d) 52 cm.

[E ffre tapeziumin which the length of one of its parallel bases is 15 cm.: and its area
is 108 cr& andits height is 8 cm.: then the length of the other base is ..........
(a) 15 cm. (b) 4 cm. (c) 12 cm. (d) 27 cm.

@ fne ffapezltmwhose middle base length is X cm. and its height = tnelength of
t
the middle baser its area = """"" cn?.

(a) x2 b)+ @)+ (0#

In the opposite figure : D

ABCD is a square : E is a point inside it r where A AED is

%' (d
aright-angled triangle atB tAE = 4 cm. rED=3cm.
Find the area of the shaded part.

. 19 cm?,
C

78
 Exercise $
A square whose area equals the arca of the rectangle whose dimensions arc 2 cm, and 9 cm.
i Find the length of its diagonal.
t__
p .fwo land pieces are equal in area r the first is in the shape of a square and the second is in
<< 6 crr. >>

?t' the shape of a rhombus whose diagonals lengths are 8 metres and 16 metres.
I Find the perimeter of the square-shaped piece. < 32 rn. >

l
E f,U Two pieces of land have equal &reoS : one of them has the shape of a rhombus whose
diagonals lengths are 18 m. and 24 m., and the other one has the shape of a trapezium
T
] whose height is 12 m. Find the length of its middle base. < l8 m. >>

Eo e rhombus whose diagonals are of lengths 12 cm. and 16 cm. Find its height. < 9.6 cm. >>

tro ffi Find the area of the rhombus whose perimeter is 52 cm. and the length of one of its
I
diagonals is 10 cm. < 120 crn?,
t-
@ fne perimeter of a rhombus is 64 cm. and the measure of one of its angles is 60.
O

I Find its area. .. t28 {i cnri .

I

O m Find the area of each of the following figures by using the given data :

l/rl/&
lX^;.)l/,4\
I c'--rr*,. B I c- u47.-5crn1,60{icrnl,
1-
Q tt the ratio between the two lengths of the diagonals of a rhombus is 3 : 4 andthe length of
?I me smaller diagonal
the dragonal is
rs 9 cm. Find the area of the rhombus. u 54 c,l,
cml,
I

IE a rhombus : the ratio between the lengths of the two diagonals is 5 : g

if its area = 2000 cm? pind the length of each of its diagonals. ,
T < 50 cm. r 80 cnr.

@ fn" length of the middle base of a trapeziumis 30 cm. and the ratio between the lengths of
?i' its two parallel bases is 2 : 3 Find,the length of each of them.
I andif itsheight=24cm.:flnditsarea. <24crn.r36cm.rl20cntl,,
I

Eo Ul The area of atrapezium is 180 cm? and its height is 12 cm. Find the lengrhs of its
i parallelbases if theratiobetweentheirlengths is 3 :2 < l8cm. r t2cm.,>
I

tr LUA Apiece of land has the shape of affapezium whose area is 4000 m?
The lengths of the two parallel bases and its height are of ratio 3 : 2 : 4 respectively.
Find the length of its middle base. < 50 u.r. >

79
 i
z O Remember o Understand O Appfly ir Problem Solving
l
I

m Two pieces of land r the first is in the shape of atrapezium in which the lengths of its two
. parallel bases arel6metres and64 metres and the perpendicular distance between them is
45 metres and the second is in the shape of a rhombus whose diagonals lengths are
I

I
j4 metres and 90 metres. The two pieces are exchanged by a rectangular piece of land
I

I
whose area equals the sum of areas of the trapezium and rhombus pieces.
I
Theratiobetweenits1engthanditswidthis5:4Finditsdimensions.<<

gC, X is the midpoint of nn, y

I

is a trapezium in which eO tt is the midpoint

IE ABCD
o
of DC I if XY = 7 cm.tBC = 10 cm. and the area of the ttapezirm = 35 cr*
Find the length of AD and the perpendicular distance between aO and
gC <4 cm' :5 cm' >>

IE ABCD is a trapezium in which tO tt BC, AD = 27 cm. and BC = 45 cm'

o < 360 cml >
I
If the area of A ABC = 225 cr?. , flnd the area of the trapezium'
l-
@ ABCD is attapezium in which xo tt BC' m (L A)= 90o I BC = 4 cm';AD = 24 cm't
BD = 30 cm. and AF f BD to cut it at F r where AF = 14.4 cm.
I

Find the area of the trapezium ABCD " 252 cml

I

i-
at In the opposite figure : A
./F L_)ll
Each of gM , CN and Bt- it perpendicular to AD 3";E o
'l cr
g

y'
5.6 cm.7

\T .:/
I

l
find the area of the flgure ABCDE
I < 46.6 cm? >

D
I

l-
W In the opposite figure :
a)
ABCD is a rectangle of area 144 cr& A
i
IfAB=8cm.:AOfBP 6
o

B
and M is the midpoint of each of AD and EF

Find the area of the flgure AFDE ., 144 cm? r,

ffi .m ABCD is a rectangle withAB = 6 cm.tBC = 8 cm.: X rY tL andM are the midpoints
a
aa
of the sides AB , BC , CD and DA."sp""tive1y.

E Prove that : The flgure XYLM is a rhombus and flnd its area.

E FinO the height of the rhombus XYLM << 24 cml r 4.8 cm. >>

80
 Exercise $

B In the opposite figure : D 49m.

ABCD is atrapezium : E eAD, O CBC

r where the area of the figure EOCD

= three times of the area of the flgure ABOE

Find the value of z X (< -') >)

trJ'
I

The area of an isosceles trapezium is 120 cm.2 , its perimeter is 60 cm. and the length
of its middle base is 20 cm. Find the lengths of its bases.

EEI fn the opposite figure :

ot
ABCD is a rhombus : its diagonals intersect at M r

AC +BD = 33 cm. rBD : AC = 5 : 6

and E CAI\4 such that ME = ? tryla
3
Find the area of the shaded part.

.. 90 crn?,

EL.IYIORSSGR

Science
for all educational stages

(\ \ : t) Y o/6tlsl Y,/(.r-rL"i) oU -r:..trl4lil 81

 Similarity , converse of Pythagoras'

=5

I Exercises of the unit :

6. Similarity.
7. Converse of Pythagoras' theorem.
.H:
r_ _

8. Projections. Scan the

9. Euclidean theorem. QR code
to solve an
10. Classifying triangles according to their angles. interactive
test on each
lesson
 Similarity
[-j from the school book

il

7
O Remember ,,,, ,r .rllit,:;.,r1r,r,.:,1 O ApF[yZ jo problem Solving

flti Comptete each of the following statements :

!i If two polygons are similar r then the corresponding are equal in measure.
@ If two polygons are similar : then the corresponding are proportional.
@ If each of two polygons is similar to a third polygon r then they are
@ fhe two triangles are similar if the corresponding are proportional.
E If tne measures of the corresponding angles in the two triangles are equal r then the
two triangles are
p If we have two polygons : their corresponding angles are ..........
and their corresponding sides lengths are .... . r then the two polygons are similar.
lJ tf tfre ratio between the lengths of two corresponding sides in two similar triangles is
equal to 1 : then the two triangles are ..........
@ If two polygons are similar and the ratio between the lengths of two
corresponding sides is 3 : 4 : then the ratio between their perimeters is
E] tn the right-angled triangle r the perpendicular drawn from the vertex of the right
angle to the hypotenuse divides the triangle into two triangles.
Choose the correct answer from those given ones :

AA
3_Jt, the following flgures : there are two similar triangles : they are ........

(2) (3)
(a) I t2 (b) 1 ;3 (c) | >4 (d)2,4
83
 O Remember O Appily o'o Problem Solving

=s the following flgures r there

[_a_JIn are two similar triangles r they are ..........

(1) (2) (3) (4)

(a) I t2 (b) 1 ;3 (c)2 t4 (d) t ,4

EIn the opposite figure :

,""""'
If AABC
(a) 5 cm.
- A DEF r then EF =

(b) 6 cm. "-As

Z\nooo%
A

L )cm
(c) 8 cm. (d) 10 cm.

C) iaJIn the opposite figure :

HZfl
I A
I

l
If AABC - A DEF : then m (L A) = """""
l

(a) 20' (b) 60"

I EC
(c) 80" (d) 1oo'

ld f, the opposite figure :

If AABC - AAXY ,

AX=XB=6cm.t
XY=7 cm. rthenBC=

(a) 6 cm. (b) 7 cm.

(c) 12 cm. (d) 14 cm.

[d It tfre ratio between the lengths of two corresponding sides of two squares is 1 and the

perimeter of one of them is 20 cm. : then the area of the other square - """""
(a) 2fr cr& (b) 25 cr&. (c) 16 cr&. (d) 25 cm.

[z-l If A ABC - A DEF and AB =

| oe
r then perimeter of A ABC = .'..""" perimeter of A DEF

(a) 5 (b) 1 (c)

') I 6\Z
,)
84
 Exercise $
E L the opposite figure :
AABC - AXYZ
Find : AC and XY .< 14 cm. r 3 cm, >>

!lo Usirrg the shown data in the figure r proye that :

LXYZ and A BCA are similar :

then flnd the perimeter of LXYZ

16cm. B
<<9cm.>

tro In the opposite figure :

Soro
A
'r"
f Prove that : C 7cm. B
I

I A ABC and A XYZ are similar.

I

I
@If m (LB)+m(LC)=60"
I

Find : m(LX)

tro In the opposite flgure

I

IfAAXY-AABC
rXY=5cm.andBC= 10cm.
Prove that : t1 XY ll BC ! Y is the midpoint of AC
C 10cm. B

E m Ineachof thefollowing rfindthenumericalvalueof X(Giventhatlengthsareincm):

IG

15cm. B

85
 L
' f:r.F
z: tr#'
flntr) O Remember ricr*land C Appi$ & Problem Solving
I

tr In the opposite figure :

If the figure AECD - the figure XYZL

'L Calculatem(LBCD)
Z2.4cm.Y C Scm

Calculate the length of XL and determine the enlargement ratio'

If theperimeterof theligureABCD =26cm.:whatistheperimeterof thefigureXYZL'/

< 8-5o : 1.8 cm. , f ,7.8 cm. ,
I
!-

tr In the opposite flgure :

ECIIED,ADNCE=TB}
rAC = 5 cm. rBE = 8 cm. rAB = 3 cm. andBD = 6 cm.
lProve that : AABC - A DBE

Find the length of each of : BC and EO

, Find : The ratio of enlargement. <4cm.:[0cm.r2,

ID In the opposite figure :

a)
ABCD is a parallelogram r B is the midpoint of AF ,

CE = Zcm. : DE = 4 cm.and XC = 3 cm.

Provethat:AECX-AFBX
: then find the length of : AD

EI ,_,.. In the opposite figure :

o
I
I m (L AED) = m (LB) rAD = 3 cm. I
AE = 4.5 cm. and BD = 6 cm.
Provethat:AADE-AACB
Find the length of : EC

tE r, the opposite figure :

'? ABC is a triangle rD CAB rE eAC

rAE = 4 cm. rEC = 5 cm. :BC = 7.5 cm.
:AD = 3 cm. tm (LAED) = m (LB) and m (L C) = 93"
D 3cm. A
flProve that : AAED - AABC
ia lFind : The length of BD and m (z ADE) < 9 cm. :93o >

86
 Exercise 6
IE In the opposite flgure :
a
aa
ABC is a triangle in which : m(LA) = 70"
I

I
tm(LC)=35" rDeAC
I
IfAABD-AACB
I

I
Find : m (Z DBC) and if : AB = 6 cm. rAC = 9 cm.
I

Find the length of : CD ,.40" r5cm.>

I

l-
@ In the opposite figure :
B\
o
ABC is a right-angled triangle at B : D is the \
.s.
o/ \ifr
midpoint of AB , DE
BC=6cm.
I AC , AB = 8 cm. r
/ l\' EA
Find the length of : DE << 2.4 cm. >

/rt
tro m In the opposite figure :
B
ABC is a right-angled triangle at B in which :
I

AB = 3 cm. : BC = 4 cm.and BD I AC

l! CDA
Prove that : A BAC - A DAB

iE Find the length of each of : AD and DC < L8 cm. r 3.2 cm. >

@ nnc is a triangle. AB , BC and cA are bisected atD tE and F respectively

i Provethat:AABC-AEFD
I

Twosimilartrianglesroneof themhasaperimeter of T4cm.andthesideslengthsof the

other are 4.5 crrr. ,6 crn. and 8 cm.

Find the length of the longest side in the first triangle. <32cm.>

In the opposite figure :

AAED-AADB
t m (LADE) = X + 20" andm (Z ABD) = 2 X + 5"
Find:m(ZADE)

E
(35">

87
 !s O Remember O Apply o'o Problem Solving

ffi I" the opposite flgure :

o
1 BZcgc ,xzttAC,xY tt-AB
t_ xznng= .AC= l2cm.
\, {N} t
N

r NZ=3 NX=6cm. andBZ=4cm. €l

i l! Prove that : LXYZ - A NBZ - A ABC
] j Prove that : Z rs the midpoint of BC
[e
Z 4cm. B

Iq ]Find the length of : YC n9{crn

,1il
U i=l In the opposite flgure :
a
aa D X 4cm. A
l
ABCD is a rectangle in which AD = 72 cm. and X e AD- tr

whereAX = 4 cm. ,Xy ttAB and intersects AC at M and gC at y M

r where MX = 3 cm.
C
j Prove that : AAMX - A CMY
'l
ia lFind the perimeter of : A YMC
ll1-lIs the figure ABYM - the figure CDXM ? Why ? <r 24 cm. >>

i;[ In the opposite figure :

ABC is a triangle in which : D €AB and E e AC such that :
8rA
OP ttgC ,AO = 3 cm. rAE= 2cm. rBC = 12cm.
rJ"o*
: BD = (X+ 1) cm. :EC = (X- 1) cm. andDE=] cm.
Find the length of each of : AB , EC and DE
<9cm. r4cm. r4cnt.>>

A man of height 1.8 m. stands in front of

a lamppost at a distance of 2 m. from its base.
If the length of the man's shade (when the
lamppost is turned on) is 2.4 m. , find the
a-l 1,1a,aa)11.+
height of the lamppost.
< 3.3 rn, >

88
 I

Exercise 6
I

Eo A man wanted to know the height of a dinosaur at one of

the museums : then he put a mirror horizontally on the land

at a distance of 10 m. from the dinosaur's leg r and he moved

back tillhe could see the dinosaur's head at the mirror r

then the distance that he moved back was 2 m.

If the height of the man is 1.8 m. :
I
+
what is the height of the dinosaur : E

(L i
given that : m 1) =m(LZ) ?
I0 m.----------------
<< 9 ln. >>

@ In the opposite figure :

a
aa
I
IfAABC-ADEF -,A D
I

-/ \ /\\
I
rBC=18cm.andDE=3cm.
I ,)\
I Find the length of : EF C18cm.BFE
l

I << 6 cm. >>

t-
tr In the opposite figure :
.J'
AD=40cm. rDC=56cm. rXL=50cm. r

XY = 120 cm. > LZ = 70 cm. t m (LB) = 45'

and m (L A) =m(L D) = m (LX) =m(L L) = 90'
Prove that : The polygon ABCD - the polygonXYZL

(\Y : t) Y o/6tltl Y/(.11.JL":) oLiJ.r: .1-I4ldl

I,
 'theorem
[,].] rrom tlre school book

O Remember O Apply & Problem Solving

In each of the following figures : proye that : m (L B) = 90o

*9
l2cm. 25cm, B

Fig. (1) Fie. Q) Fig. (3)

.i..r.,l Complete and show which of the following triangles is a right-angled triangle :

m tr

"s/----\e&
"l--------------
F 6cm. E N 13cm. M
(DD2 = """"" (MN2 = """""
(DE)2+(EF)2='.....".. (ML)2 + (NL)2 = .'........
.'. The triangle is ........'. .'. The triangle is ......'...

90
 Exerctse
'
B

5cm

(xv;2 =(^[i)'= (AC)2 = ........,.

(YZ)2 + (ZX)z = (AB)2 + (BC)2 = .."......
.'. The triangle is '.....'...

ABC is a triangle in which : AB = 4.5 cm.: BC = '7.5 cm. rAC = 6 cm.

Prove that : A ABC is right-angled.

tr In the opposite flgure

O
:

ABCD is a quadrilateral in which : m (L ABC) = 90" r

I

I
AB = 7 cm.: BC = 24 cm.: CD = 20 cm. and DA = 15 cm.
I

Prove that : m (Z ADC) = 90'

li
B

tro In the opposite figure

l

ABCD is a quadrilateral in which : m (L BAD) = 90o :

I
t
I m (Z ADB) = 30o rAB = 7.5 cm. r BC = IJ cm, and CD = 8 cm. r
Prove that : m (Z BDC) = 90"
I

tro ffi In the opposite flgure

I

ABCD is a quadrilateral in which : m(L B) = 90o ,

AB=9cm.rBC=12cm.t
CD = 17 cm. and DA = 8 cm.

Prove that : m (Z DAC) = 90o r

then find : The area of the flgure ABCD ,, l t4 cm? >

E f, the opposite figure :

XYZ is a triangle in which Xi I yZ ,fX= 6 cm. :
'
LY = 3 cm. and LZ= 12 cm.
Prove that : m(LYXZ) = 90'

91
 is O Remember {D L}nrlerstanrl O Appfly i'1 Problem Solving

tr In the opposite figure

I

:
O
m (Z B) = 90o r D is the midpoint of AC
:AB=6cm. rBC=8cm. r

AE = 12 cm. and DE = 13 cm.

r i Find : The length of AC
[qJ Prove that : m (Z DAE) = 90' C <l0cm."

tra In the opposite figure :

m(LB) =90o rAB=6cm. rBD=12cm.

: AC = 10 cm. : CE=5 cm. rDE= 3 cm. andCeDB
I

I
3 Find : The length of BC }CD
+l2cm.-
[*zlProve that : m (Z D) = 90o ctr.
I

<< 8 >>

un
t-
IE In the opposite figure : +25cm.-
C E 9cm.A
D
ABCD is a rectangle in which :

DC = 12 cm.: AD = 25 cm. and E C AD

I

I
suchthat:AE=9cm.
Prove that : BE I EC
I

EI ffil In the opposite flgure :

L)
E
ABCD is atrapezium in which :

Ls tt nC,Ao- I DC :AD = 12 cm. t

CE D
.-33.8cm.
BC = 13 cm. r DC = 33.8 cm. and BE I DC
First :

Find : I The length of each of CE and AB

1a The length of OB
E The area of thetrapeziumABCD
Second:
Prove that : m (Z DBC) = 90' < 5 cm. :28.8 cm. t31.2cm, r 375.6 cml>

In the opposite figure :

ABCD is a parallelogram in which :

AD = 20 cm. rDC = l5 cm. and ECBC

such that : EC = 9 cm. and DE = 12 cm.
Q 9cm. E, B
Find : The area of D ABCD ,r 240 cm? r>

92
 I

txerctse I
I

tro In the opposite flgure :

XYZ is a triangle in which XE I yZ ,n ezy ,

YZ= 5 cm. tXZ= 3 cm. andXY =4cm.

Find : The area of LXYZ: then flnd the length of XE X 4cm. Y

" 6 crni r 2.4 em. ,

@ ABC is a triangle. Draw ABI nC to cut it at D, ifAC = 20 cm.:AD = L2 cm.and BD = 9 cm.

o
I Prove that : A ABC is right-angled at A
I

t*
IE In the opposite figure : A
&
m (LB)= 90o : AB = 4 cm.r BC = 3 cm. , "* {1
AD=13cm.andDC =t2cm. #
Find : The area of the figure ABCD o 24 crr? >

IE In the opposite figure :

a
aa
I ABCD is a quadrilateral in which :
I

I
AB = 40 cm. r BC = 24 cm. r CD = 18 cm.
I

I rAD = 50 cm. and m (L C) = 90o

I

I
Find : The area of the quadrilateral ABCD ,, 816 cm? ,
t-
ts ABCD is a parallelogram
a
in which : AB = 8 cm. rAC = 20 cm.: BD = 12 cm.
aa

I
Prove that : m (Z ABD) = 90" r then flnd the area of D ABCD ,. 96 cml,
i-
IE In the opposite figure :
a
aa
ABC is an isosceles triangle in which : AB = AC , AD I BC

,E €Bd , EG BC :AD = 6 cm. t

ECD +9cm.
BC = 9 cm. andAE = 10 cm.

Prove that : m (Z BAE) = 90"

93
 zffi%
I @dP
O Remember C Appfly & Problem Solving

ABC is a triangle in which : AB = 24 cm.: BC = 70 cm. , BD ir a median in the triangle

where BD = 37 cm.Prove that : m (L ABC) = 90" r then find the length of AC

(Hint. Draw ffi ttgc to cut AB at E) < 74 cm. >

In the opposite figure :

ABCD isatrapezium in which ,lO ttgC ,A.g = 13 cm. :
BC = 2l cm. r CD = 12 cm. and DA = 16 cm.
Provethat: m(LC) = 90o

94
 ffi from the school book

C
-r,7th

O Remember O Applly 1.6 Problem Solving

lf Choose the correct answer from those given :

E ffre projection of a point on a given straight line is

(a) a point. (b) a line segment. (c) a ray. (d) a srraight line.
E The projection of a line segment on a straight line not perpendicular to it is ..........
(a) aray. (b) a point. (c) a line segment. (d) a straight line.
Is ]The projection of a line segment on a straight line perpendicular to it is
(a) a point. (b) a line segment. (c) a ray. (d) a straight line.
[! The projection of a ray on a straight line not perpendicular to it is ..........
(a) a point. (b) a line segment. (c) a ray. (d) a straight line.
E The length of the projection of a line segment on a given straight line .......... the length
of the line segment itself.
(a) < (b) > (c) > (d) =
@ The length of the projection of a line segment on a straight line perpendicular to it is
(a) greater than the length of the main line segment.
(b) equal to the length of the main line segment.
(c) greater than or equal to the length of the main line segment.
(d) equal to zero.

@ The length of the projection of a line segment on a straight line parallel to it .......... the
length of the main line segment.
(a) < (b) > (c) = (d) *

95
 .
z O Remember O Understand O Appfly io Problem Solving
f
1

El I" each of the following flgures r find :

o

Fig. (1) (2)

E rne projection of A on Ed
E fne projection of AB o, Ed
E Complete the following table :

.dt
Ut=U

The projection of AC Ed
on

The projection of AB o, Ed
The projection of AC or IE
The projection of BC on IE

tr U-,-ll In the opposite figure :

m (Z B) =n(LACD) = 90o
Complete:
E Ttre projection of eD on tB
@ fne projection of AC ot tE
EJfne projection of AC or TG

El f.r the opposite figure :

AABC is right-angled at B , D €BC and DE I AC
Complete each of the following :

[r ] ffre projection of AD- o, Ed =

+
E fne projection of AD on AC = """""
96
 Exercise 8

E fne projection of DE or ld = ..........

@ The projection of the point C or IE =

@ fhe projection of the point A on 5d =

E ffre projection of the point D or ld =

@ fhe projection of AB or bd = ..........

trI In the opposite figure :

ABC is a triangle , AD , BE and Cp *" three perpendicular

I

I
line segments drawn from the vertices to the opposite sides

I
and they are intersecting at M
Complete the following :
i

E ffre projection of Ae o, Ed is .......... : the projection of BC o, IE is

I B ttre projection of AC o, Ed is .......... : the projection of BC on Ed it
I

E ffre projection of AC or IE is .......... : the projection of Ag on Id t ........

I
@ The projection of AM- or IE is .......... , the projection of nM on Ed it

@ The projection of Crvt on IE is ..........

I

z Complete the following

I

:
o
E If x e IE', then the projection of X on IE is ..........
E Ir ag I BC : then rhe projecrion of Ag on Ed t
I

E f., A ABC t if m (L B) = 90o : then the projection of C on IB

I

is ..........
I

l
[4ABC is a right-angled triangle atA : then the projecrion of BA on Id is ..........
l_
tro ffi In the opposite figure :

ABC is atrrangle in which : AB = AC = 5 cm. and BC = 6 cm.

I

Find:
I
@ The length of the projection of AB on Ed
I

E ffre area of the triangle ABC <.3 cm.r l2 cml>

(\Y : t) Y o/6tlsl r7(;3L;) -r -,-...,.r14f51f 97

I
 Remember o Understand Appfly
ZS O C ooo Problem Solving

tro ffi In the opposite figure

I

AB=BC=CD=DE=EF=1cm.
I
andMF=3cm.
I

Find:
I

[I fne length of the projection of FIvt o, EM

I
lEffre length of the projection of BM or IM A

I
nz1[i cm. ,t2cm.>>

t-
IE In the opposite figure :
o
ABC is atriangleinwhich :m(L B) = 90" tm(L C) = 30" ,
AB=6cm.andBDIAC
Find:
Effre length of the projection of AB or ld
[4 ffre length of the projection of BC o, fid << 3 cm.r 9 cm. ,

lll m In the opposite figure :

AB n CD = {E} , E is the midpoint of CD ,
AC = 16 cm.: AE = 20 cm.
and BD = BE = 10 cm.

Find:
tB
E-]ffre length of the projection of eD o,
[Efne length of the projection of AB on tD << 6 cm.:18 cm. >

@ In the opposite figure :

a
ABCD rs atrapezium in which , Xg ttDC , AD I DC
l
: AD = 72 cm.: BC = 13 cm. : and DC =25 cm.
If BEIDC,fiNd:
I

[! fne length of the projection of BC o, ffi E.D

l

I
@ ffre length of the projection of AB on Ed
I
[E rne length of the projection of DC on IE
F_]fne area of the trapezium ABCD << 5 cm. r 2o cm.t 25 cm.t ZJo cml ,,

98
 Exercise $

IE
o
ffi In the opposite figure :
XO ttgC reg = 13 cm. :BC = 5 cm. r
I

I CD = 15 cm. and m (Z ACB) = m (L DAC) = 90o

I
Find:
i E fne length of the projection of AB o, Id C scin. B

I @ The length of the projection of CD o, ED ,< 12 cm.;9 cm. ,

t-
@
o
ffi In the opposite figure :
ABCD is a trapezium in which , AO ttgC and m (Z ABC) = 90'
IfAD = 9 cm. rDC = 10 cm. and CB = 15 cm. F1

Find:
E fne length of the projection of DC on Ed BA
E fne length of the projecrion of DC o, IE << 6 cm.r 8 cm. >

IEI f, the opposite figure :

ABCD is a parallelogram in which : AD = 16 cm. and AB = 13 cm.

If DE I BC and the area of the parallelogram ABCD = 192 cm? ,
Find : The length of the projection of DC on Ed
B
<< 5 cnt. >

In the opposite figure :

ABC is atriangle inwhich : aO I BC, CF I AB, BE I AC
andADnCFnBE={M}
!l Mention the following :

(a) The projection of AD o, Ed (b) The projection of BE o, Ed

(c) The projection of AE or ld (d) The projection of AB or IB
Iq]If AC =26cm.:AB = 30 cm. ,BC = 23cm.andthe areaof aABC =336cr?.
Find : The length of the projection of AB on Ed < 18 cm. >

ABC is a triangle in which : m(LABC) = l20o andAB = 12 cm.

Calculate the length of the projection of AB on Ed <6ctn.>

99
 Euclidean theorem
L,Li From the school book

o Remember O LJnderstand O Appfly o'o Problem Solving

In the opposite figure :

AABC is right-angled atA , AD I BC

Complete each of the following :

l-tI (AC)2 = .......... + .......... iFr l(AC)2 = .'....'...

ilr l(AC)2 = .......... x .........' lZl(AD)z=.....'... x .""""'
EIACxAB= x""" l,6jAABC - A .......-4......

E m In the opposite figure :

ABC is a triangle in which : m(LABC) = 90o :AB = 4 cm' t
AC=5cm.andBOIAC
Complete:
,'r IBC = """"'cm. AD = ......... cm.
i:r jBD = .......... cm. The area of A DBC = """"" cn*

ffiffi I" the opposite figure :

XYZ rs a triangle in which : m (LXYZ) = 90o
and L eXZ such that YL LXZ ,
XL = 9 cm. and YL= 12 cm. Find :

r lThe length of XY EThe length of LZ

I s The length of ZY <15cm.r16cm.r20cm.>

100
i
I

I
 I

Exercise I
g In the opposite figure
i

:
A

o
ABCD is a rectangle in which :AB = 6 cm. r BC = 8 cm.

I
and E €AC such that BE I AC
Find the length of each of :
8cm. B
i

t! BE trEC < 4.8 cm. :6.4 cm. >

tro ffi In the opposite figure

I

ABC is atriangle in which : m(L BAC) = 90o r AD I BC

:AB=Scm.andAC=6cm.
CDB
Find : BD , CD and AD <.6.4 cm. :3.6 cm. ,4.8 cm. >

tro In the opposite figure :

AABC is right-angled at B and BD I AC

I
If AD = 4.5 cm. and DC = 8 cm.
I

Find : The length of each of AB , BC and BD

I C Scn. D 4.5cm. A
<<7.5 cm. r 10 cm. r 6 cm >
I

1t LEll In the opposite figure :

o
ABCD is a quadrilateral where :

m (Z BCD) = m (l- BAD) = 90o :

AEIno,gC =7 cm. rCD= 24cm.
I

B
I

andAB = 15 cm. Ei

r
Find : [! ffre length of each of BD and AD D 24cm. C
I

@ fne length of the projection of Ae o, EB

I
fe The length of the projection of AD- o, IE * 25 cnr. ;20 cm. ,9 cm. t 12 cm. >>

t-
tr In the opposite figure : A

;t\
.,
A AXE is right-angled at X and XF I AY
I
I
whereYCXE rFe AY r
I

i AX= 8 cm. :AY= 10cm. andAE =17 cm. XYE

+
Find : lThe length of the projection of AY on XE

i i rThe length
"r lI
i ,The length of AF
I 'The area of A AXE
i < (r cm. r 4.8 cm. r 6.4 crn. , 60 qnl o

I
101
 o Remembe: O Arpfplliy o'c Problem Solving

g In=s
I

()
the opposite figure :

XYZis a triangle in which : m(L Y) = 90"

I

I
and Yf LxZ where L7XZ
l
If YZ = 12 cm. and YL = 9.6 cm.
Find : E]ffre length of the projection of YZ onfi'
[E-]The length of the projection of XY ,nfr,
I

Z l2cm. Y

lE The length of the projection otXZo, iY

I

I
"'7.2 cm., 12.8 cm., l6 cm.,,
l-
ID
C
ffi In the opposite figure :
ABCD is a rectangle in which : AB = 30 cm.
I
rAD - 40 cm. , DE I AC irt"rsects AC at F tr
O

and intersects BC at E
I
Find : The length of each of AF , DF and EC CEB
< 32 cm. ,24 cnt. t 225 crn. >,
I

t-
m
()
In the opposite figure :
A ABC is right-angled at B
I

,DEIA.c,e.g=6cm.
l
,ED=3cm.andCD=5cm.
Provethat:ACED-ACBA
I and find : The length of AC
i
and the length of the projection of AB ot ld < 10 cm. ,3.6 cm. r,

t-
@ In the opposite figure :
o
A CAB is right-angled at A ;
E E BC such that AE I
BC ,
D is the midpoint of BC r AE = 9.6 cm. and BC = 2O cm.
Find : The length of each of AB and AC
< 16cm.: 12cm.>

IE i..l In the opposite flgure :

L ABCD is a parallelogram : AB = 6 cm. r AD = 10 cm. r
I

I BDI-andDEIBC
Find : The area of the parallelogram ABCD
The length of the projection of DB ott Ed
The length of DE ,r 48 cm?, :6.4 cm. ,4.8 cm.,,

102
 I

I
Exercise $
I

IE In the opposite figure :

a
aa
ABCD is a parallelogram t m (L ABD) = 90o

, DEICBandBFIAD
If the area of the parallelogr am = 792 crrt
and BD = 16 cm.

Find : The area of the rectangle BEDF << 122.88 cri >>

In the opposite figure :

ABCD is atrapezium whose area equals 72 cr* in which :

XO ttBC : m (Z ABC) = 90o and AD = 6 cm. :

E is the midpoint of BC and F €AE such that BF I AE
and AE llDC
Find : The length of BF < 4.8 cm. >

lE m In the opposite figure :

aoa

ABCD ts atrapezium in which :

lY ttDC and m (Z ABC) = 90" ,

E is the midpoint of BC

:AB = 16 cm. :AD = 25 cm.: DC = 9 cm. ;

AEIEDandEFIAD
Find : E ffre area of the trapeziumABCD

E ffre length of the projection of AE o, ID " 300 cm3 r 16 cm. >

IE f, the opposite figure :

L I
AABC is right-angled at B r

BDIAC,DEIABandDFIBC "I 3
T
If AB = 15 cm. and BC =20 cm. I
CFB
+20cm-
Find : The length of each of DP and DB
< 9.6 cm. t7 .2 cm. >>

103
 O Remember I Understand O Appfly j'j Problem Solving

i
=s
tife Applications
I

IE The opposite figure is a diagram of three agricultural

a
aa
villagesA:B :C and amarketfor selling agricultural
products should be built on the highway. Then a road should
be made to connect the market with village B whereas the
length of the road is the shortest.
Show how that can be done : then flnd the length of
this road. < 24 km.
"
In one of the governorates r we want to build a metro station
between two other stations B and C such that the distance
between that station and the station B is 3.6 km. and
the shortest distance between it and the Central Library in
the governorate is 4.8 km.
If you know that the two ways between the
Central Library and the two metro stations B
D B
and C are orthogonal. C

Find in two different methods :

@ @ @
The distance between the metro station we
want to build and the metro station C < 6.4 km. >

@ In the opposite figure :

a
aa
A ABC is right-angled at A
I
I

ancl AD BC where D e BC
+25cm.-
I
IfAD = 12 cm. r BC = 25 cm.and CD < BD
I

Calculate the length of each of :

l

I
tllAB and its projection qn m < 20 cm. r 16 cnr. >

I
ie AC and its projection on Ed (Hint : Suppose CD = X cm.) < 1-5 cm. ,9 cm. >

1__

tifr LXYZis right-angled at Y , Vf LXZ

a
aa
and VII a xZ= tl) such that Yt= $ xz
I

I
Prove that : XY :YZ = 3 '. 4
I

104
 I

to their an
FWmWWWtSpW ffi
From the school book

O Remember O f\pplly 3'1 Problem Solving

I

E
o
In each of the following r identify the type of A ABC according to its angles if :

UAB = 12 cm. : BC = 14 cm. and AC = 15 cm.

I

EAB = 8 cm. r BC =J cm. andAC = 3 cm.

[t]AB =25 cm : BC = 15 cm. andAC =20 cm.
Identify the type of LY rn A,XYZ if XY = 4 cm. tYZ= 5 cm. andXZ='/ cm.

Identify the type of L AinAABC if AB = 6 cm. rBC = 10 cm. andAC = 8 cm.

Identify the type of LB in A ABC if AB = 10 cm. : BC = 12 cm- and AC = 15 cm.

f,i-trl Determine the type of the greatest angle in A ABC where :

mAB :
= 9 cm. BC = 10 cm. andAC = 72 cm.
EAB r
= 5 cm. BC = 12 cm. andAC = 13 cm.
[-9JAB =7 cm. : BC = 16 cm. andAC = 14 cm.
Determine the type of the triangle according to its angles.

EI iL,l.l In the opposite figure :

o
ABCD is a quadrilateral in which :AB = 8 cm.r
BC = 9 cm. r CD = 12 cm. :AD = 17 cm.
and DB I AB
f Find the length of the projection of AD- on ED
[!J Determine the type of A BCD according to its angles. < l-5 crt'r. >

(\t I t) Y o/6tlet r/(;;L.:) .U -t ,.r14f.y6lf 105

 ?s O Remember I Understand O Appfiy 1'1 Problem Solving

Eo ffi In the opposite figure :

ABCD is a parallelogram in which :

BC = 15 cm. r CD = 8 cm. andAC = 19 cm. rl

F,
rs9

Prove that : L ABC is an obtuse angle. C 15 cm.

tro ln the opposite figure :

ABCD is a quadrilateral in which :

m(LB) = 90o :AB = 32 cm.: BC = 24 cm. t

I

CD = 9 cm. andAD = 45 cm.

I

Prove that : ACD is an obtuse-angled triangle.

I

t-
tro In the opposite figure :

ABCD is a quadrilateral in which :

m(LB)= 90o :AB = 5 cm. r BC = J cm.t

I

AD=8cm.andDC=6cm.
I

I
Prove that : Z D is an acute angle.

t-
IE In the opposite figure :
O

I
nO l. a median in AABC rAB = 14 cm. ,
-----:-
-*:--1
" 13
BC = 48 cm. andAC = 50 cm.
I

Prove that : LBDC is an obtuse angle.

tro ffi In the opposite figure :

ABCD is a rectangle in which :

AB=16cm.rBC=24cm.t
E€CDandDE=9cm.
Classify the triangle BFE according to the measures of its angles.

106
 Exercise l0
@ ABCD is a rhombus in which : AC = 16 cm. and BD = 12 cm.
o
Prove that : A ABD is acute-angled.
I

@ ABCO is a quadrilateralin which : AB = 8 cm. r BC = 9 cm. r CD = 12 cm. and

O

] DA = lJ cm.If m (L ABD) = 90o r find the projection length of AD on BD : then classify

Il" the triangle BCD according to the measures of its angles .
I

., 5 cm. 1 >

lE m Findthelengrhof eC inAABCinwhich:(AB)2>(AC)2+GC)2,AB = 15 cm.

a)

AC = 13 cm. , AD I Ed and intersects it at D and AD = 12 cm. << 4 cm. >>

tr Choose the correct answer from those given

C)
:

@ A triangle whose side lengths are : 5 cm. t 12 cm. and 13 cm. its area = .......... cm?

I
(a) 30 (b) 32.s (c) 78 (d) 60

@ABC is an obtuse-angled triangle at A tifAB = 4 cm. : BC = 7 cm. : thenAC can be

equal to .......... cm.
I

(a) 5 (b) 6 (c)1 (d) 8

E]ABC is an obtuse-angled triangle atB tifAB = 5 cm. r BC = 3 cm. : thenAC can be

I
equal to .......... cm.

(a) 4 (b) s (c) 7 (d) 8

I
EABCis anacute-angledtriangleinwhich:AB = 6 cm. :BC = 8 cm. rthenthelength
I of AC can be equal to .......... cm.
(a)2 (b) 6 (c) 10 (d) 14
I
B ABC is a triangle in which : (BC)2 = (AB)2 + (AC)2 tm(LB) = 40" : then m (L C) =
I (a) 40" (b) 50" (c) 90" (d) 140"

I
E If the lengths of two sides of an isosceles triangle are 3 cm. and 4 cm. r then its
greatest angle is ..........

(a) acute. (b) right. (c) obtuse. (d) straight.

I

IE Complete the following :

&

B tn AABC, if (AB)2 = GC)2 + (AC)2, then m (L ..........) = 90'

EIn AABC, if (AB)2 < (AC)2 + @C)2 r then L C is
E r, aABC r if (AB)2 + (BC)2 < (AC)2 : rhen z B is
107
 L
F&59)
-
zffi% O Remember & Understand O Apfpfiy Problem Solving
rW 3o1

El In LI(YZ, if (XY)2 = (YZ)z + (ZX)2 : then L Z rs

E In LrYZ , if (YZ)2 > (xZ)2 - (xY)2 : then LY is
E Tn AABC, if (AB)2 = (AC)2 - (Bq2, then L C is
EIn AABC, if (AC)2 + (BC)2 = (AB)2- 5 r then L Cis
EIn AABC, if (AC)2- (AB)2 = GC)2- 3 : then LB is
EITAABC ,if (AB)2+ (BC)2 =48cr*:AC = 7 cm.:then LBis
@In LXYZ:if 90o < m(LY) < 180' rthen (XZ)z.. .......(XD2 +(YZ)2
@It LAcomplements L B in AABC : then (AB)2 (AC)2 + GC)2

@ If the two lengths of two.sides in a triangle are 3 cm. and 5 cm. r

then the length of the third side is between , ..........

@ABC is a triangle whose sides lengths are 6 cm.r 8 cm. and 11 cm.
AABC is similar to the triangle XYZ t then A XYZis according to its angles.

@ In LXYZ , if (XZ- XY) (XZ + XY) < (ZY)z , then LY is

ABC is a triangle in which : AB = 13 cm. I BC - 1-1 cm. and AC = 20 crn.

[]Prove that : A ABC is obtuse-angled at B

lE Find : The length of the projection of AB on Ed < -5 cttt. >

area of A ABC .. ()() cnt.l

le lFind : The >.

ifAB = J cm. r BC = 3 cm. andAC = 5 cm. ( l20o >

108
 ?

Tlrttss Probfern
Aeeurr)ujsJj}vs ile.t)l{D $jdJI$
It Choose the correct answer from the given ones :

E If the side length of a square is 2a[i cm. : then its area equals

@) 4 cm? @) 8 cm? @) 44[i cm2. @) safi cm?

@ If the lengths of two sides of a triangle are 3 cm. andT cm. : then which of the following
can not be the length of the third side ?

(a) 7 cm. (b) 8 cm. (c) 9 cm. (d) 3 cm.

@ A circle , its area is 64 fi cm? ,then its circumference equals

(a) 8 cm. (b) 8 xt cm. (c) 16 x[ cm. (d) 32 xT, cm.

[e If ABC is a triangle in which m(L A) =3 Xo tm(L B) = 5 X" stn(L C) = 4 Xo

r then m(LB) = ......'...
(a) 15" (b) 45' (c) 75" (d) 60'

@ If the sum of measures of the interior angles of a regular polygon is 720" and the length
of one of its sides is 3 cm. : then the perimeter of this polygon = " '.. " '..
(a) 9 cm. (b) 12 cm. (c) 15 cm. (d) 18 cm.
Iq]If theheightof atriangleequalshalf thelengthof itsbase:andthelengthof itsbase
is / cm. : then the area of this triangle = .. '. ' '... '
,2 ,2
@)+L" ? @+1, ? @)+L" ? (d)+!"2.
@ If tne perimeter of a square equals (3 X - 4) cm. and the area of this square equals
25 cm? r then X - ..'.......
(a) 5 (b) 6 (c) 8 (d) 20

@ tf tne area of one face of a cube equals 9 cm?: then the volume of this cube equals
(a) 9 cm? (b) 27 cml, (c) 36 cm? (d) 81 cm?

E In the parallelogramABCD tif L Ais acute : then LCis

(a) acute. (b) obtuse. (c) right. (d) reflex.

109
 Geometry

@ The number of diagonals of the pentagon equals

(a) 3 (b) s (c) 7 (d) e

@ fne image of the point (- 1 r 3) by the translation (4 t - 2) is

(a) (3 ,- 1) (b) (3 , 1) (c) (5 , 1) (d)(s,-s)
@ ffre measure of the angle of the regular octagon equals ........
(a) 108' (b) 120' (c) 135' (d) t44"
ffi A rectangle ; its length is 4 cm. and its width is 3 cm. r then the length of its diagonal
equals
(a) 14 cm. (b) 12 cm. (c) 7 cm. (d) 5 cm.

@] fne best unit for measuring the length of football playground is ..........
(a) metre. (b) square metre. (c) centimetre. (d) kilometre.

l1q]The ratio between the side length of a rhombus and its perimeter equals
(a)1:1 (b) t :2 (c)l:4 (d)4:1

fl Comptete the following :

l'i : If the perimeter of the opposite

figure = 60 cm. : then the length
of AB =..........cm.

'r In the opposite figure :

DC
If ABCD is a parallelogram
: m (reflex 1A) = 366'
//
:thenm(ZB)=".""'o AB
i r In the opposite figure :
IfEeaE tm(LA) = (5 X+20)' t
m(LC)=(3X+4)" t
m (Z ABE) = QZ X - 24)" BE
r then the value of X =

i t;In the opposite figure : D A

ABCD is a rectangle r the length of its diagonal

<k
BD- equals 20 cm. t m (L DBC) = 30o : then the
perimeter of the rectangle ABCD = .......... cm.
C
' r, In the opposite figure :

The value of X =

110
 Bosic Skills
@ fn the opposite figure : A

If ABC is an equilateraltriangle in which

AC=gcm.,AEnOC={e}
tm (L D) = 90" r if the length of AE = 20 cm.
: then the length of CD = '....'.... clrl.
E
E fn the opposite figure : 30cm. -
If ABCD is a rectangle in which AD = 30 cm.
l>
\s2
,Ee ADwhereAE=DE rBE= 17 cm.
r then the areaof A EBC - .......... cm?
E fn the opposite figure :
ABCD is a square : M is a circle where
aO Ir a diameter in the circle M r if the area of
the circle is 49 :'l, ? ,then the perimeter of the square
cm.
"
equals "...'....

El In the opposite figure :

If M is a circle touches the sides of the square

ABCD : and the radius length of the circle equals
14 cm. : then the area of the shaded part
equals cm2. (Consider n = ?)
3E ft the opposite figure :
A circle M is drawn inside the square ABCD r if the area
of the circle is 25 :-T, cm?

of the diagonal BD of
r then the length
the square equals ......'... cm.

14 fn the opposite figure :

If m l|tf, EF i, a transversal to rhem ;

m(ZANM)=(1 X-l)" tm(LDMF) =(I2X+ 10)'
: then m (Z ANE) = "...'.... o

ilglIn the opposite figure :

A BDE is an equilaterultriangle r AB = AC

and m (L A) =70o ; then m (Z ABD) =

;s

By o group of supervisors

NOTEBOOK
Accumulotive Tests
-(
a
Monthly Tests
lmportont Questions
Finol Revision
Finol Exominotions

PRE P.
2023
SECOND TERM

ot
 CoNTENTs
,<.w,r"y
r'3
. 13 accumulative tests

. Monthly tests trn--,

. lmportant questions
. Final revision
. Final examinations :
ffi
- School book examinations
(2 model examinations + model for
the merge students)
- 15 schools examinations

. 10 accumulative tests
. Monthly tests
. lmportant questions
. Final revision
. Final examinations :

- School book examinations

(2 model examinations + model for
the merge students)
- 15 schools examinations
 First Algebra and Statistics
o 13 accumulative tests :5

. Monthly tests . 19

. lmportant questions . . .: .. .....24

p Final revision . ..... ..41

: Final examinations : .. . 54

- School book examinations

(2 model + model for the merge students)

- 15 schools examinations.

rX a 2*2=4

'W'ru
2*L-h
'2=4

w
a€)
Accumulative Tests
on Algebra and Statistics

s
 Accumulative test on lesson 1 - unit 1
I Choose the correct answer from the given ones :

E If the expression : Xz + k X + 2 canbe factonzed : then ft = """""""'

(a) -2 (b) 2 (c) 5 (d) 3

Ie]Theexpression : X2 +4X+kcan befactorrzedif k= " "" """'

(a) 5 (b) 6 (c) 2 (d) 3

[B If tne expression : x2 - c X + 12 canbe factorized : then c may be equal to """""" "'

(a)-1 (b) 4 (c) 7 (d) 10

L4 ] The expression : X2 + 6 X +k can be factorrzed r when k - """

(a) 4 (b) s (c) 6 (d) 1

EjIf (X- 1)is afactorof theexpression :X2 -4X+ 3 rthentheotherfactoris """" """
(a)X+3 (b)x-3 (c)X+1 (d) x- 4

6lIf (X+ 8) is a factor of the expression : X2 + 6 X-16 rthen the otherfactor is " """"""
(a) X-2 (b) x- 4 (c) X+2 (d) x+ 4

t If (X+3)isafactorof theexpression:X2-2X-15:thentheotherfactoris" "" ""'

(a) x- 5 (b)x+3 (c) X+ 1 (d)x+5
dlt X2 + k X - 6 = (X + 3) (X - 2) rthen k =
(a)-l (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3

if,j,J Factorize each of the following completely :

lAxz -5 x-36 @x2+2x-35

.4,X2 + 4 X-21 la)X"+8X+12
Egx2-$x+rZ IE(c+ d)2+5(c+d)+6

6
tl Choose the correct answer from the given ones :

E ff (S X-7) is a factor of the expression :5 X2 -2 X-7 tthenthe other factor is ..".,'........

(a) x- 1 (b) x- s (c)X+ 1 (d) x

E Ittne expression : X2 + a X- 5 can be factonzed,: then a - ...............
(a) 1 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 6

E ff (Z a- 5) (3 a-2) = 6 az +ka + 10 : then ft = ...............

(a) 15 (b) 1e - 19 (c) (d) +

@fne expression : X2 +7 X+b can befactorized r if | = ...............

(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) t
E tf X2 +k X -21 =(X- 3) (X + 7) : rhen k =
(a)-4 (b)4 (c) s (d) zo

@Z X2 + 5 X+ 3 = (...'........... + 3) (X+ 1)

(a) x x(b)2 (c)3x (d)sx

j)ttZ x2 + c X_ 3 = (2 X+3) (x- 1) : then c - ..............
(a)3 (b)1 (c)-2 (d) 4

Eff (X -2) isafacrorof the expression : x2 -5 X+6 : rhen the other factor is '.."...'.'....
(a) x+ 3 (b) x+ + (c) x-z (d) x-+

El Factorize each of the following completely :

7)zx2+3x+l @tzx2-l x+t

@ex2+2oX+16 Esx2-2xy-y2
@x2 + x- 12 @zx3-5x2+2x

7
 Accumulative test till lesson 3 - unit 1

fl Choose the correct answer from the given ones :

@fne ffinomial : xz +k X + 49 is a perfect square : when ft = """""""'

(a) +7 (b)7 (c) 49 (d) t 14

E] If X2 + 4 X+ k is a perfect square : then k =

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

[4If (x +y)2 =42 tX'*y'=12 tthenXy -

(a) 15 (b) 30 (c) 22 (d) s4

[ ]The expression :kXz + 12 X+ 9 is aperfect square : if k =

(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 9 (d) 16

aillt az +bz = 1l t ab = 5 r then a- b =

(a)1 (b)-1 (c)*1 (d)t4
@If X'*y'=7 tXy =3 tthen (X - y)2 = """'
(a)-1 (b)1 (c)*t (d) 10

lAIt az + 2 ab +b2 =25 tthena + b =

.)\*? (b) + 10
t^t (c) + 5 @)rT
le]fhe expression : X2 -2 X+ c can be factorized r when c

(a)-3 (b)4 (c)5 (d) 6

@-)x2-zx+l=
(a) (x- 1)2 (b) (x- 1) (x+ 1) (c) (x + 1)2 @)2x2

ffi Factorize each of the following completely :

rax2+4xy+4y2
lz 3y"+7y-6
^

@25u4- lOa2+l

if.tl Use factorization to get the value easily :

(99)2 +2x99 + I
8
 till lesson 4

I Choose the correct answer from the given ones :

Etrx *y = 4 )X-y =2 tthenX2 -y2 =

(a) 15 (b) 8 (c) 2 (d) - ls
EIfx-y=4 ,X+y=5 rtheny2-XZ=
(a) 9 (b)- 1 (c) -20 (d) 20

@trx'-y'= 35 tX-y=5 rthen X+y = "........"...

(a) 1 (b) 40 (c) 30 (d) s

@rfx+zy- 3, X2 - 4 y2 = 2l ; then X-2 y =

(a) t4 (b) e (c) 7 (d) 6

E If the expression : 16 Xz + 24 X +kis a perfect square r then k =

(a) 3 (b) 9 (c) 12 (d) 16

@fne expression : X2 + 5 X+mcanbe factorized rif m =

(a) 12 (b) 7 (c)- t4 (d) -2
EIf (X +y)2=64;Xy= 15 :then X2 *y2 =...............
(a) 8 (b) 34 (c) - 34 (d) ]e
@(x+2)2=
(a)x2+4 (Ox2_ 4 @)x2+2x+4 @)X2+4X+4

B Factorize each of the following completely :

f!16 x2-4s @)+ x2 -g

@z x2 +7 x*6 @x3-x
E(x +212 -zs ls)s x2 -z xy -y2

(Y : t) Y
6 / an*]Y/ (ot!)or=;urgfil ;-f 9
 till lesson 5 - unit 1

tl Choose the correct answer from the given ones :

tlrx+1)(x'-x*
(a)x3-1 (b) x3 + 1 (c) (X- 1)3 (d) (x + 1)3

Ef tne expression : x2 - 6X - mis a perfect square : then m =

(a)-9 (b) 1 (c) 3 (d) 7

lgrfx3+21 -(x+ k)(x2-3x+m1 rthenkxm=""" """'

(a) 27 (b) 3 (c) 9 (d)-e

@rcx'*r'=28 tX+Y=2 tthenX2 -XY +y2 =

(a) 48 (b) 14 (c) 2 (d) 7

Ett(z a- 5) (3 a- 2) = 6 a2 +ka + 10 : then k=

(a) 15 (b) 1e (c) - 19 (d) 4

IdIf a2 -b2=15 ta+b=5:thena-b=

(a) 15 (b) 6 (c) 5 (d) 3

7)m a2 + 2 ab +b2 =25 tthen a + b =

(a)-5 (b)s (c)t5 (d) 2s

[Eff x'-y'=24 tx2 + xy +yz = 8 :then X*y = """""""'

(a) 4 (b) 6 (c) 3 (d) t2

B Factorize each of the following completely :

dx4 +8x @zxs -54x2

@zl x3 + 125 @x3 + 8 y3

@x2 +7 x-8 @z x2 -3 x-z

10
 lesson

tf Choose the correct answer from the given ones :

E Ittfre expression : x2 +k X+ * * perfect square r then k =

"
(a) t2 (b) -2 (c) 1 (d)t1

(a) 5 (b)-s (c) 10 (d) 20

@If a (c + d) -b (c + d) - 12 andc + d = 4 tthena-b =

(a) 3 (b) 8 (c) tZ (d) 48

@tt x'*r'=, >Xy- 3 rthenX-y =..'.........'..

(a) 1 (b)-1 (c) 4 (d)r1
LilaX -cX-cy +ay - (x+ y) ( ""
(a)a+c (b)a-c (c)c-a (d)2a+2c
@Ifx*y=3 r&*b= 5 rthen aX+ay +bX+by-
a
(a) -2 (b) 2 (c) 15 (d) J
5
[Z] Ifa(x+y)-b(x+ y) = 15 and X+ y = 5 :then a-b =
(a) 3 (b) 10 (c) 20 (d) 7s

lElf tne expression : X2 +l X+b can befactorized r thenb =

(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 7

B Factorize each of the following completely :

Cs x4 +27 xy3 @x3-x2+x-l

@u2+4ab+4b2-9c2 @x2-y2-2x+2y
tt Use factorization to get the value of each of the following :

E) Q .Z)2 + 2 x 7 .3 x 2.7 + (2.72

@(gg)2 -r

11
 Accumulative test

I Choose the correct answer from the given ones :

f fne expression : X4 + 4 canbe factoizedas a perfect square by adding the term

and its additive inverse .

(a) 4 X2 b)2 x2 (c) 8 xz @)4x4

2
[ElIrx + L - 4 = (x - 2) (x + 2) t ther l- =
(a) zero (b)2 (c) a (d) 8

Etrxz -y2 =24 tX+y =8:then3X-3y=

(a) 3 (b) e (c) 12 (d) 6

Effre aX+9 is a perfect square ttf a=

expression : X2 +
(a) zero (b)t3 (c)r6 (d) *tZ
ljllf x3 + k = (x + 10) (x2 -10 x+ 1oo) :thenk-1=
(a) 9 (b) 9e (c) 999 (d) 1000

@ttz x2 - 5 x + a= (2 x- 3) (x- 1) rthena=

2
(a) (b) 3 (c)-3 (d) s

Ir)tfx4+4ya- 12 tXz *2y2 -2 Xy =f rthen X2+2y2+2Xy=

(a) 4 (b) 36 (c) 9 (d) 1s

lErrx+ x1. r then x, *4=...............

x'
(a) 9 (b) 11 (c) 7 (d) 1

fl Factorize each of the following completely :

Ag x4 - 25 x2 + 76 @x4+4y4
[-d+u3-8b3 @x8 -rc

E tut By using factorization r find the value of z 31 x 29

tlll If X, - y, = 20 t x - y = 2 rtrtd x2 - x y + y2 = 28 t find the value of : X' * y'

12
 Accumulative test lesson

I Choose the correct answer from the given ones :

Etf X3+2l =(X+,@2 +k+9) rthenk=...............

(a)-6x (b)-3x (c)3x (d)6x
[4 ffre S.S. of the equation: X2 = XtnR is .............

tal {o} b)a 1c; {o , t} (d) { 1}

s: The S.S. of the equation : (X - l)2 = zero in lR is ...,...........
rut {t} (b) {- 1 ,1} r"t {- t} (d) z
@If x= 3 is a solution of the equation : X2 -5 X+k = 0 r then k=
(a) 9 ft)9) (c) 6 (d) ls
LE If X *y =4 , X-y =2 tthenX2 -y2 =...............
(a) 15 (b) 8 (c) 2 (d)-- ls
@ The S.S. of the equario", +x @ - 5) = zeroin IR is
rul {o} (b) {s} @)a (d) {o , s}
E The S.S. of the equation: X2 + 25 = 0 in IR is ...............
(a) o (b) {s} r"l {- s} (d) {s ,- s}
@If a2 -b2 = 20 ; a+ b = 5 rthen u2 -2 ab +b2= ...............

(a) 4 (b) s (c) 20 (d) 16

B Factorize each of the following completely :

A4x2-Lzxy+9y2
@4ua+81 ba

Ex3-t
@ nina in IR the S.S. of each of the following equations :
a
'tJ.X" - 8 X+ 15 = zero
@fx-Z)2+8x=16

13
 till lesson 9 - unit 1

tt Choose the correct answer from the given ones :

f If the age ofAhmed 5 years ago was Xyears I thenhis age now is years.

(a)X+5 (b)sx (c)x-5 (d) xs

@ If the age of T,iadnow is X years r then his age after 3 years will be """""""' years.

(a)X+3 (b)3x (.) x3 (d) x- 3

@The expression :9 X2 +kX+ 25 is aperfect square : if k =

(a) 30 (b) - 30 (c) t 30 (d) ls

-AIt Zis a root of the equation : Xz +k X =6 : then ft =" """""'

(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 8 (d) I

[!lThe S.S. of the equation : X (X + 2) =0 in R is "" """"'

tut {o} o) {- 2} 1c; {o , z} (d) {o ,-.2}
E]IfX-y=5 ,X2+Xy+Y2=7 rthen x3-y3 ="""""""
(a) 2 (b) 7 (c) 12 (d) 3s

lZttre S.S. of the equation : X2 - 5 x+ 6 = 0 in R is

Qt; {2 ,3} o) {- 2,-3} (.) {- 2 ,3} (d) {6 , 1}

@]ffreexplession : xz + 5 X+mcan befactorrzed rif m= """""""'
(a) t2 (b) 7 (c) - 14 (d) -2

@ Factorize each of the following cornpletely :

tr+ x2-3
@aX-3X+5a-15

E tul A rectangle whose length is more than its width by 2 cm. and its area is 35 cmZ.

Find its perimeter.

[b] Find a positive number if its square is added to its three times the result will be 28

14
 lesson

tl Choose the correct answer from the given ones :

EIf6X=7 rthen6x+1'-
(a) 24 (b) 42 (c) 36 (d) 8

(a) 12 (b) 27 (c) 9 (d) 6

Errz x =3 ,then2x-3 -
(a) 8 (.)
(b) e
+ 1o) *
EIf 5x=3 r5Y=7:then 5x-Y-....
@1J G)+ (c) 2t (d) 4

l rthenxG .

(a) R (b)R - {-:} 1c; m - {:} (d) {3}

Erf3x =5:then 32x-
(a) 9 (b) 6 (c) 25 (d) 10

EIf theexpression : X2 + 14X+kis aperfectsquare :thenk=

(a) 2 (b) t (c) 14 (d) 4e

@xz - e = ...............
(a)4-x2 (b)(x-2)(x+z) (c)(x- a)2 (d) (x-42

B Simptify to the sirnplest form :

tr (1lt) '" ({r)-o

({r)- "
,=.9xx25x+l
c l___
$2^

E tut FinrJ the real number whose twice exceeds its multiplicative inverse by one.

[b] Factorize completely z X4 + 8 X

15
 Accumulative test till lesson 2 * unit 2

It Choose the correct answer from the given ones :

[jJIf 3 x-2= 1 rthen fi=" """ ""'

(a) zero (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3

@If x' y-'= 8 , th"n * =

rar$ tY (b)+ (c)
1
2
(d) 2

843 +43 +43 +43 =...............

(o) 43 (b) 1612 (") 412 @) 44

@)It2x+2 - |6 ,thenx=
(a) 2 (b) -2 (c) 6 (d)-6
@ff23x+23"=i tthenx=
(a) zero (b) 1 (c) 2 (d)-1
x
=4 x-r
G! If 5 tthen 5 =

@)1 ntt L) r.r t @)*

aJIf 3 x-5 =lx-s ;thenX=
(a) zero (b) 3 (c) 1 (d) s

@ The S.S. of the equation:2 X3 = 18 XinIR is """""""'

(u) {-3,3} 0) {3,-3,0} r.i {-:} (d) {3}

E rur nr7fiSa=zt
r find the value of z X

lbl Find in IR the S.S. of the equati on : X2 ' 5 X = 24

**
E tut Find in IR the s.s. of the equatir" t (+)' ' = ff
[b] Factorize completely : X y + 5 X + 4 y + 20

16
 till lesson 3 - unit 2

tl Choos" the correct answer from the given ones :

11 o'-@)2 + rcx?2)-4 -..... .... ....

(a) 8 (b) e (c) 1 (d) zero

lE fne quarter of the number 220 is

(u) 210 b) Zre (c) 4s @) 4e
t
-5^+ L:then \,=...............
islIf 3 '2\+

(a) 3 (b) s (c)-1 (d) 1

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 5 (d)sx

tr (1lt *^[r)' (t; -l;)'=
(a) 1 o)1/; (.)G (d) s

@ ffre S.S. of the equation: Xx-1 = 4x* 1 i, Ris .'..........'..

ru) {o} (b) {1 ,4} r"l {+} (d) {- | ,4}
@ fne expression : X2 + k X +35 is a perfect square r if k =
(a) 6 (b)t6 (c) + tz (d) 12

(a) zero (b) 1 (.) ({t)' (d) 3s

E tut tt x=1[i ,y =^[i

^,4 4
: find the value of : ^ -Y
x'-y2
t
[b] Calculate the value of , \,5='"*'
"'* ro2n

E tut Find the S.S. in IR of the equation :

25x3x-1_9x5x-r
or-2, ({5)' , (3)3
lbl Simplify:
, " ({t)-'

(Y, r) Y p* / l.t*!Y/ (ol.J) ou;qr1t<ldl i"rf 17

 till lesson 1 - unit 3

tl Choose the correct answer from the given ones :

E If the probability that apupil succeeds is 60 7o t then the probability of his failure
is .'.....'....".
(a) 0.4 (b) 0.04 (c) 0.06 (d) 0.6
@ Abag contains 9 cards numbered from to 9 t if a cardis drawn randomly r then the
1
probability that the card carries an odd prime number
(")
+ @+ (c) *
J
(d) zero

Ld If a fair die is rolled oflce : then the probability of appearing a number less than 5
is ...............
ra)
') I o)+ @1J (0+
@ A class has 24 students : if a student is chosen randomly and the probability that the
chosen student is a girl equals
f , tfr", the number of boys equals boys.
(a) 22 (b) 20 (c) 18 (d) i6
@The value of c which makes the expression: X2 + c X+J canbe factorized is ...............
(a) 6 (b) 1 (c) 5 (d)-8
E 20 students get an exam. If the probability that a student succeeds is 0.8 r then the
number of the failure students is .......'....'..
(a) 16 (b) 8 (c) 2 (d) 4

E If the age of Seham now is (X+ 5) ]ears : then her age 5 years ago was years.
(a)x (b)x+s (c)5-x (d)sx
@ The probability of the impossible event equals
(a) zero (b) 1 (c) 3 (d) 2

E tut A bag contains cards numbered from I to 24 : if one of the cards is chosen randomly
r find the probability that the chosen card carries :

f1] a factor of the nurcher 24 @ a perfect square.

If 4gn x252n x34n

lbl =343 r then find the value of :62n
J nxl54n
E tut In producing 300 electric lamps : 18 units were found defective.
E finA the probability of a unit to be a defective unit.
E finA the probability of a functional unit.
@ If adaily production of this factory was 1600 electric lamps r find the number of
the functional units in that day.

[b] A bag contains a number of similar balls : 5 balls are white and the rest is red.
If the probability of drawing a red ball equals , n"athe total number of balls.
!
18
 Mqrch Tests

Answer the following questions :

@tr
Il Choor. the correct answer from the given ones : (3 Marks)

EffX-y=5 t X+y=3 tthenX2 -yz =

(a) a (b) ls (c) z (d)
+
E Twice the square of the number X is ..""""""'
(a) (2 x)2 (b) + x2 (c) z x2 (d)2x
[-s,lrhe expression : x2 -5 x+ c is factorizable when c =

(a) t (b) s (c)-3 (d) 6

fl Complete: (3 Marks)

E tf (X + 5) is a factor of the expression :2 X2 + 12 X+ 15 r then the other factor

is '.........'.'..

E] tf tne expression :9 X2 + k X + 25 is a perfect square : then k = """""""'

[-d ffre S.S. of the equatio n : X (X + 1 ) = 0 in ]R is """""" "'

El Factorize: (2 Marks)

Ex3-s @aX-5X+3a-15

E a real number is added to its square and the result is 12 (2 Marks)

What is the number ?

20
 @E-
Monthly Tests

Answer the following questions :

ffi
I Ctroose the correct answer from the given ones : (3 Marks)

f Theexpression : aXz +24X+ 9is aperfectsquare :thena=...............

(a) 25 (b) 8 (c) 16 (d) 4

@ The S.S. of the equation: X2 + 9 = 0 in IR is

rul {:} G) {- 3} (") {3 ,- 3} @)a

@ If the age of Sameh 5 years ago was X years r then his age now is years.

(a) x-5 (b)x+5 (c)5-x (d)sx

I Comptete : (3 Marks)

EIf x2 +L-9 =(x-3) (x+ 3) r then!.=......... ....

@ItX= l is arootof the equation : X2 -5 X+ 4=0 tthenthe otherrootis.......,.......

@Ifa3 +b3 =9, az -ab+b2=3 rthena+b=

@ Use the factorizationto find : (98)z - 4 (2 Marks)

@ Factorize: (2 Marks)
a c
J)3 x" +7 x+2 lz)3 X '+ 81

21
 AprilTests

Answer the following questiorus :

@tr
tl Choose the correct answer from the given ones : (3 Marks)
o
iJ The additive inverse * (1/T )- tt
(.) (b) -+ (.)(1F)o (c1)(-6)^
+
lE 5 uo = ....."....'... where a * 0

(a) 5 (b) 1 (c) a (d)5a

E,lf 2x =7 , 2! =5 r then 2x-v = ..'......"""

(a)35 0)+ @)2 (d) 12

B Complete : (3 Marks)

iIIf 3
x+3 - 1 rthen 2x=
'z(^[, )',. (fi)t=,
@ Four times the number 28 is ..'....'.......

!t simprify ,## (2 Marks)

Etr?x=27 ,4x+Y=l (2 Marks)

Find : The value of each of X ty

22
 Monthly Tests

Answer the following questions :

I Choose the correct answer from the given ones : (3 Marks)

fJIf 2x = ll r then 2x+ I = .........,.....

(a) 22 (b) 12 (c) It2 (d) 212

El 0.004 x 0.00025 = 10"""

""

(a) 6 (b) 100 (c) 5 (d)-6

f43x +3x+3x=l tthenX=
(a) 3 (b)-1 (c)-3 (d) 1

B Complete : (3 Marks)

m ({, *^[i)'o (l t -^f;)'o =

E rne multiplicative inverse
"t
l (?)-' t,
I
.... .

@rt7x-2 - 5x-2 ,then ){= ...............

p fina in IR the S.S. of the equation : (x -Z)s =32 (2 Marks)

@ prooethar:
ff=, (2 Marks)

23
lmportant Questions
on Algebra and Statistics

T@d
 Importqnt questions on Unit One
First
ll ff X=Zis one of theroots of theequation: x2 +3 X+k=0 rthenk=
(a) 2 (b) s (c) 10 (d) - 10
E tf 2 is a solutionof theequation: XZ -5 x* a=0 ,then a=
(a)-3 (b)-6 (c) 3 (d) 6

E If the expression :X2-cX+12canbe factorized rthenc=

(a)-1 (b) 4 (c) 7 (d) 1

@ Wtrict of the following numbers can be added to the expression : x2 - 8 X + 5 to be

factorrzed ?

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) s

@ rne expression : X2 + 5 X + mcan be factorized : if m=

(a) L2 (b)7 (c)-r4 (d) -2
E rrre expression : x2 + 5 X + m can be factorrzed rifm=
(a) 5 (b) 1 (c) 6 (d) 7

I ffre expression : X 2 +7 X+bcanbe factorizedrifb=

(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 7

E ff 6+3) is one factor of the expression : X2 + X-6: thenthe otherfactoris."...'........

(a) x-2 (b) x-3 (c) X+2 (d)x+6

E ff the expression : X2 + ax- 12 canbefactorized r then amay be equal to ..........'....

(a) t2 (b)-8 (c) 8 (d)-1

@ ffr" number can be added to the expression :2 X2 + 5 X- 10 to be factorized is ...............

(a)-1 (b) -2 (c)-3 (d)-4

Esx'-7 x-6=(5x+ 3) (x- )

(a) 3 (b) 2 (c)-3 (d) -2
(t : l) Y 1i / a:l,ts!Y/ (oul) c,U;UrfLdl iff 25
 Algebro ond Stotistics

@ tt (2 a-5) (3 a -2) = 6 a2 +k a + 10 r then k =

(a) 15 (b) 1e (c) - 19 (d) 4

@ Z x' + 5 X+ 3 = (............... + 3) (X + 1)
(a) x (b)2x (c)3x (d)sx

lE ft x2 +k X + 25 is a perfect square r then ft = '....'.........

(a) 5 (b) 10 (c) + 10 (d)t5

IE tf x2 -k X + 25 is a perfect square r then k =

(a) 2 (b) 10 (c) 5 (d) s0

lE ff k xz + 12 X +9 is a perfect square r then k =

(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 9 (d) 16

lEfx+3y)2=x2+ +9y2
(a) 6 xy (b) 9 xy (c) 3 xy (d) 6

[E rf y2 + 72y + m is a perfect square : then m =

(a) 25 (b) 36 (c) - 36 (d) 100

lE rf the expression: X2 -6 x-m is aperfect square r then m =

(a)-9 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) e

@ fne missing term in the expression : 9 X2 + ............... + t6 y2 tobe a perfect square

is '....'....'....
(a) t2 xy (b) 24 x (c) 24 xy (d) t2 x2 y2

E lt X2 - a= (X-3) (X+ 3) r then a =

(a) 3 (b)-3 (c) 9 (d)-e

@lt X-y =3 t X+y - 6 : then x2 -y2 =

(a) t2 (b) e (c) 3 (d) 18

E ft X2-y2 =16 t X-y=2 tthenX+y-

(a) 4 (b) 8 (c)-8 (d) 2

26
 lmportont Questions

NAIIX+y -3, x2 -Xy +y2 =5 rthen x' *y3 -

(a) 15 (b) 2s (c) 8 (d) 7

E ff a3 -b3 =64 s a2 + ab +b2 =16 >thena-b=

(a) 8 (b)-4 (c) 4 (d) 48

@fx+t)(x'-x*11=
(a)x3_ l (u)x3+t (c) (x- 1)3 (d) (x + 1)3

El Qr'* (2r2 = 1oo x """""""'

(a) 75 (b) s0 (c) 100 (d) 2s

E rr x3 +y3 -28 t x+y =z tthenx' -xy +y2 =

(a) 48 (b) 14 (c) 2 (d) 1

@ fne expression : X4 + 4 canbe factorized as a perfect square by adding the term

and its additive inverse.
(a) xz b)zxz (c) 8 x2 @)4x4

@ If xz -2 Xy + y2 =25 , then X-y =

(a) 25 (b)-s (c) 5 (d)t5

@ fne expression : y4 + 64 canbe factorized as a perfect square by adding the term

and its additive inverse.
(u)yz (b) ya (c) 16 y2 (d) 16

@ fne S.S. of the equation: X(X-2) =0 in N is ..............

tul {o} (b) {2} @) {t ,z} (d) {o ,2}

@ fne S.S. of the equation : x2 + 25 = 0 in IR is ...............

rul {s} (b) {- s} (c){-s,s} @)a

@ rne S.S. of the equation: x2 - 3 = 1 in IR is

@)a o) {4} (") {- 2 ,2} (d) {- 4}
@ rne S.S. of the equatio n : x2 + x = 0 in lR is ...............
rrl {o} o) {o ,- 1} r"t {t} @)a
27
 Algebro ond Stotistics

El If 3 is a solution of the equation : x2 - 3X +a = 0 : then a =

(a) zero (b)-3 (c) 3 (d) 1

@ rne S.S. of the equation: x2 - 6 x= 0 in IR is .............'.

(") {6} 0) {0} 1c; {o , a} (d) {- 6}

fft If the age of Ahmed now is X years r then his age 3 years ago was years.

(a)3x (b) x- 3 (c)3-x (d)x+3

!p If the age of Seham now is (X + 5) years , then her age flve years ago was ."'...'...'.'. years.
(a) x (b)x+5 (c)5-X (d)sx

@ If the age of Khaled after 4 years is X tthenhis age now is years.

(a) X+ 4 (b)x-4 (c)4-x (d)4x

![ tf the age of Ahmed 5 years age was X years r then his age now is years.

(a)5+X (b)sx (c)x-5 (d) xs

@ lt the sum of ages of Ahmed and Mohammed now is 10 years : then the sum of their ages
after 5 years equals ....."...'... years.
(a) 15 (b) s0 (c) 20 (d) 2s

@ ttree times the square of the number X is '......"......

(a) (3 x)z (b) xz +3 (c) 3 X2 @+

E It-4is oneof theroots of theequation : X2 +3 x-4=0 >thentheotherrootis "...'.....'...

E rt 6+2) (x+3) =x2 +ax+6 :thena=

E If (X-5) is afactorof the expression : x2 - 10 X+ 25 tthenthe otherfactoris........"..."
E ff (x+3)is afactorof theexpression : x2 +7 X+12 tthentheotherfactoris "..',...',,...

E ff * +k+ 6 = (a- 3) (a -2) rthenk=

E If - 1is arootof the equation : X2 -2 X+m = 0 rthen m =
28
 lmportont Questions

E tf QX- 1)isafactorof theexpression :2X2 +9 X-5 :thentheotherfactoris...............

E s x2 -z x-7 = (5 x- ...............) (x+ ..............,)

Eltxz +t x-6=(3 x-........... )( ....+3)

[E tf the expression : X 2 + 6 x- k is a perfect square r then ]q = ...............

@ ttk x2 -10 X + 1 is a perfect square r then k =

tE ff theexpression:9 X2 +kX+25is aperfectsquare :thenk=

I4 If the trinomial : X2 +k X+ 36 is a perfect square r then k =

lE rfa+b=5 : a-b=3 :then u2 -b2=...............

lEff X2-y2=24 t X-y=3tthenX+y=

Elx3-8= (x-2)( +...............+4)

@ fz x-3 y) @ x2 +6 xy +9 y21 =

[E rr x3 +c=(x+Z)(xz -zx+4) tthenc=...............

@ It(4u2-2a+7)isonefactoroftheexpression:8a3+1:thentheotherfactoris...............

[|!fu+b)X+(a+b)y=(a+........... )( ....+.. . ...)

@lta+b=5 : X- y=3
:then the numerical value of the expression : a(X-y) + b (X- y) =...............

E ff Xy +3 X+y z+32=15 r y* 3=5 ;thenX+z=

EAthequotient :X3 -8byX -2ts (when X*2)

@ fn" expression : X4 + 64 canbe factorized as a perfect squa.re by adding the term

and its additive inverse.

ED ffr" S.S. of the equation : X2 + 4 = Oin IR is

29
 Algebro ond Stotistics

fil lne S.S. of the equatio n : 3 x2 - \. = 0 in IR is ......'.....'..

@ fne S.S. of the equation: (X-3) (x+ 1) - 0 is .'...'..."'... (x€R)

@ ffre two numbers whose product is 6 and their sum is - 5 are , ..,.,..'.......

@ tf X t! aretwo real numbers where Xy =0 : then X- ' """"" "' or y =

Third I essay questions

tl Factorize each of the following completely :

@aX+bX+5a+5b @x2 + 8 X+ 15 tr x2 -8 x+ 12
@x2 + 13 x_ 30 @x2-3x-18 tr (c+d)2+5(c+d)+6
7)z x2 +l X+2 @2x2+x-6 tr 2x2-3x+l
EA2x2-sx-tz Etrxz -g @ 76 x2 -g
3q8x3+125 943 x3 - 81 @ a3 + 0.008
@bX+by+cX+cy @xy +3y+ 5X+15 @ a2+2ab+b2-c2
@x4 +4ya @81 x4+4ya

E n rectangle whose dimensions arc Xcm. r (X + 1) cm. and its area is 30 cm?
Find its dimensions.

@ fina the value of k which makes the expression: X2 +kX+9 aperfect square.

@ Use factorization to get the value of each of the following easily :

nQ $2 +2 x7.3 x2.1 + (zDz

@Q\2+2x99+l
@Qr2 -Qrz

@ finA in IR the S.S. of each of the following equations :

-@x2-8x+15=o @x2+X-6=0
a
t3' X'-
a
l2 X=-32 lq)X' - X- 12 =0
30
 lmportont Questions

@ nmA the positive real number that if its square is added to five times of it : the result
equals 36

I finA the real number whose twice exceeds its multiplicative inverse by one.

@ two numbers : one of them is 3 more than the other and their product is 18

Find the two numbers.

[i fne length of a rectangle exceeds its width by 5 m. If its area = 84 m?

: f,nd the dimensions of the rectangle and its perimeter.

@ Wtrat is the positive number if it is added to its square r the result will be 20 ?

31
 Importont questions on Unit Two
@
I rf,e half of the number 250 is

(u) 2ae $) 22s (") 243 (d) 2s1

Ezt x25 =
(a) 22 (b) 28 (") 215 @) 2s3

@xoxx-3xX=x
(a) 8 (b)-8 (c) 2 (d) 3

E rr 2x =3 , 2Y =5:then 2x+Y -
(a) 15 (b) 8 (c) 2 (d) -2

E rr x-3 - t25 tthenx- .,.............

(a) + 0.2 (b) 0.02 (c) 0.2 (d) s

(+)-'=
rbi -5 (d) -9
'-) 9
tot 9
r"i * 5

ll zs * (€)'o =
(a) 26 G) 1010 (.) ({t)" (d) ({t)'o
E zt +28 +28 +28 =
(u) 224 0) 210 (.) 48 (d) 824

g (G)',. (ilr)'
(1E)'
(a) 3 (c) 9 (d)
+

[E :o +34 +34 =
(a) 3a o) 3s (c) 33 (d) 43

tllIr2x-3 =1:thenx=
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d)-3

32
 Importont Questions

l4n(?). = * ,thenx=
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) I (d) 8

tE fn" quarter of the number 43 =

(a) 2a b) 28 @) z1 @) 2s

tE rr x3 .,x
y-3 =B r [flefl
-v =
@+ G)+ @+ (d) 2

tE tr 3x +3x=6 ,thenx=
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) e

IE Ir3x=4:thengx=
(a) 8 (b) 18 (c) 81 (d) 16

@ S*ttr of the number 25 x 35 = ...............

(a) 610 0) 64 (c) 624 (d) 6e

1- I
If3x=5 ) ^u=
J"
rthen 3x+Y -
(a) 2 (b) t2 ktz) (d)
+
tp 4x15+12-5=
(a) zero (b) 2 (c) 7 (d)
+
E) +'- ({t )'+ 16 x (-2)-a = ..

(a) 8 (b) e (c) 1 (d) zero

?l lt (x - 3)'"'o - 1 r then x G...............

(a) R (b) R - {3} (c) IR - {- :} (d) {3}

?2 3r"r, + 3- 1 = ...............
(a) *J @+ (c) -2 (d) 3

@ (W"'n[i)'=
(a) 64 (b) 36 (c) 4 (d) 8

(o , t) Y
1i / cnsly/ (oul) or*;urxldli-rJ 33
 Algebro ond Stotistics

Second I Complete questions

o (.F)-'=
E rf (x-3)'"'o = 1 , then x+.....,,,.'...'.

E (1E *^[r)' (^[, -M)'=

@ rne multiplicative inverse of the number ({t )- is """""""'

tr (,F)' * t (rF) = " ' (In the simplest form)

E (o.t)- 2 =
rr#= ! ,tn"n+=
tr (1E).({t)-'=
[t fne multiplicative inverse of the number (- 3)'"to is """"""

itrt rr(3)"*4 =t:thenx=

tr r- 5)-3 =

lEtt3xxTx=1.5:thenx=
@ ({r)-. ({t)'=,
t
14 Ir 5x =J r then 5x+ -

IE m2x=3,then8-x-

IE rr 2x =3x tthenX=

IE rr(t)" =# tthenx=

IE rr 3 x= 6 : rhen 2*x -
@l z"'o + 2-
|
- (i)' =

34
 lmportont Questions

@ Z-3 x2-2 + 4-3 =

43,",o.(d)'.(#)=
@tt**+=di ,thenx2 +4=

Th ird

tl Simptify each of the followi ng to the simplest form :

({t)'. ({t)' ({r) '"(,8)-^

-({,FGF
,,_,
tr
I.E);(,/'I-
r-;:22n r32n
l*tl:
6'n

(,/t)-'" ({t)--
4n
us71Z4n x32n
x 62"
tr --@r- ,=.9x x 3x*2
QTX

?'t )' , ,-'

-
l-
I I t-
\ /
tr 22n+l(10)2r52n-1
" ({t)'
n
,

B Simplify to the simplest form : +**'-l!-* rthen f,nd the value of theresult :when x= 1
6'x

E If 5x-r =25t findthevalue of zX

E ft 2x-3 = 16 tfind the value of : X

E ff 3x =27 : find the value of z 4x

E tf 2x =8, 5x+v- 1 rfindthevalueofeach ofz x ty

E Ir (+)"' ' = , * , find the vatue or: x

*r g, find
E rr (,F)" = the value of z x

[t nina the value of X tif :3x-'= t

@ rina the vatue of n : where neZr (;)'-o - ri

35
 Algebro ond Stotistics

iit rina the varue or x tor (18)'-' = *

lE n(+ )' = 81 , rind the value or , (!)" * '

iE rr t# = i ,find the value of : x

lE rr x=afi , y =^[1 , find the value of : (x + y)3 (x- y)3

iE rr x=^[i , y =n[3 r find the value ff,

H

simplest form :

\Tlx2 + ya

7A x-' * yo

iErr *=$ , v= t z=+,findthevalueof :x2+(xr)2ry2

*L

36
 First I M'ultlple choice questions
tl tf e is an event from the sample space S : then A ............... S
(a) c @# (c) C @G
E tt a fair coin is tossed oflco : then the probability of appearance of a head is

(a) 1 (b) 2 rqt (d)

+
E tf the probability of the success of a student is 0.7 r then the probability of his failure
is .. .' ,.. .' ... ."

(a) 0.7 (b) 0.1 (c) 0,2 (d) 0.3

E tf the probability that a student will solve a problem is 0.7 r then the number of problems
he is expected to solve out of 20 problems equals

(a) 7 (b) 10 (c) 14 (d) 20

@ fne probability of the impossible event equals

(a) 1 (b)-1 (c) zero @)a

[t fne probability of the certain event equals

(a) I (b) zero (c) 2 (d) 3

fl e card is drawn at random from cards numbered from 1 to 10 : then the probability that
the card carries an even number greater than3 equals
(")+ (o)# (.)+ (d)+
A box contains a number of similar balls r half of them are white
' * of them are green r
and the rest are blue r one ballis drawn randomly. The probability that the drawn ball is
blue equals
(")
+ (b)+ (c) * @+
E tf a regular die is thrown once and observing the number on the upper face r then the
probability of getting a number divisible by 3 equals
@)+ 0)+ rct.J * (d)
+
37
 Algebro ond Stotistics

ffil tf a regular die is thrown once r then the probability that the number 7 appears
equals

(a) zero (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3

B If a coin is thrown once , rhen the probability of appearing atail equals

(a) 2 (b) @+ (d)

1
+

ffi tf a coin is thrown orce : then the probability of appearing a head equals
(a) 5 7o (b) 50 7o (c) 0.5 7o (d) s0

fair die oflce r then the probability of appearing prime number

ffi er throwing a a

equals

@+ ft)+J @+ (d)
+

ffi Wnlcfr of the following may be the probability of an event ?

(a) -0.73 (b) t.23 (c) 79 7o (d)

.J +

ffi lf a regular die is thrown once r then the probability of appearing an even number on the
upper face equals

@+ (b) 1
J
(c)
+
(d)
.,) I
ffil If the probability of the success of a student is 75 7o t then the probability of his failure
equals

(a) 3 (b) 4 (cl *J (d) +

ffi ar throwing a fair die oflce r then the probability that the number 5 appears equals
(a) zerc o)+ tc)i (d)
*
Second I Gomplete questions

E f'oranyeventAcS rP(A)e [ ","""""""']

El Ar throwing a fair die once , then the probability that the number 2 appears equals

38
 lmportont Questions

@ fne probability of getting a number greater than 10 : when a regular die is thrown once

equals

If the probability of the success of a student is 7

m' then the probability of his failure
equals

E If the probability of the success of a student is 95 Vo t thenthe probability of his failure

equals ....... .... ..Vo

fl Th"." are 25 boys and 20 girls in a classroom. One pupil is chosen randomly.
The probability that the chosen pupil is a girl equals ...............

E tf one digit of the number 37452is chosen at random r then the probability that the chosen
digit is even is

E e bag has 9 cards numbered from 1 to 9 tif a card is drawn randomly : then the
probability that the card carries an odd prime number equals

@ Drawing randomly a ball out of a box containing numbered balls from 5 to 19 r then the
probability that the ball carries a prime number equals

Third I essay questions

Il f u fair dice is thrown onco : what is the probability of getting each of the following events :
f Getting a number less than 1 @ Getting a number greater than 4

|f|lt randomly from 10 cards numbered from 1 to 10 : find the probability

a card is drawn
that the card carries :
E u, even number. @ a number not divisible by 5

tt AUox contains 12 red.balls r 18 white balls r 20 blue balls : a ball is drawn randomly
Find the probability that the drawn ball is :

@ red. E not white

!l Drawing randomly a cardout of a bag containing 10 cards numbered from 1 to 10

Find the probability of getting a card that carries :
@ a number divisible by 3 @ a prime number.

39
 Algebro ond Stotistics

ffi A bag contains some similar balls. 2 balls are green : 4 balls are blue and the remained
are red.

If the probability of drawing a green ball is f, , ma the number of red balls.

E tf a regular die is thrown once r then find the probability of appearing of each of the
following events :

fla number divisible by 7

@ a prime number < 4

ffi e school has 320 students : if the probability that the ideal student is a boy is 0.6 : find the
number of giris in this school.

ffi From the set of digits {Z , Z , 5 } , make the set of numbers consisting of two different

digits r then flnd the probability that one of these numbers is even.

ffi A team plays 30 matches in the general league r if the probability of its draw in a match is
0.3 and the probability to win is 0.6 Find :

1J The number of matches the team is predicated to draw.

@ The number of matches the team is predicated to lose.

ffi a set of cards numbered from 1 to 24 , if one card is drawn from them at random
: find the probability that the dnawn card carries :

!_l a multiple of 6

i! a perfect square.

40
l2 IEfl
fl
 Algebro ond
Stotistics

@ fafe out the H,C.F. from the terms of the algebraic expression (if it exists).
@ D"t"r-ine the factorizingmethod according to the number of terms of the algebraic
expression as shown in the following diagram :

Difference between two squares :

a2-b2=(a*b)(a-b)

Sum or difference between two cubes :

(Binomial expression)
a3+b3=(a+b) (*-aA+b2)
Formed from two terms
a3 -b3 = (a - b) (a2 + ab + b2)

Completing the square : In this method we put the

expression in the form :
a perfect square rinomial - a perfect squarc monomial,

Perfect square :

ax2+bX+c=(EX +E)2
In the form :
(Thinornial expression)
Algebraic x2+bX+c=(x +E)(X+I)
expression Formed from three terms

In the form :
ax2 +b X+ c= (EX +tr) (Ex+E)

Completing the square : In this method we put the

expression in the form :

a perfect square trinomial - a perfect square monomial.

Factorizing by $rouping: In this method we divide

the expression into two expressions each of them
formed from two terms or apertect square trinomial
and a perfect square monomial.

42
 Finol Revision

. And in the following : sorro examples which help you to remember the different
factorizingmethods :

Taking outthe H.C.F : a b + a c = a (b + c)

. 6 Xzy + 10 Xy' =2 xy (3 X+ 5 y)
o2a (x+ y) - b (x + y) = (x + y) (2a - b)

Notice that : The H.C.F. an algebraic expression (X + y)

Difference between two squares : a2 -b2 = (a + h) (a - b)

.x2-g=(x+3)(x*3)
. t6 Xa- 81 = @ x2 + D @ X2 -D = (4 x2 + D e x + 3) (Z x-3)
Notice.'We continue in factorizingto be completely.
. z x3 -72 x=2 x(x2 -36) =2 x(x+ 6) (x- 6)
Notice.'We took out the H.C.F. firstly.

Sum of two cubes : a3 + b3 = (a * b) (a2- a b + b2)

Difference between two cubes : a3 - b3 = (a - b) (a2 + ab + b2)

.X3+8=(X+Z)(x2-Zx+4)
.3 x4 y- 81 xy4 =3 xy (x3 -27 y')=3 xy ,(x- 3 y) (x2 +3 xy +9y2)

Trinomial in the form : (X2 + b X+ c)

{lreir Product = 12

.x2+7x+t2=(x*{i;-i+>
M
(hcir Product -- 12

. X2 + x- t2= (x+ $@-,1

M
Trinomial in the form : (a Xz + b X + c)
.6 X2 +7 X+2
cylserl;Qry-> (2x+7) (6 x+ t)
=(2x+1)(3X+2) \.r \,/
.36 x3 -84 x2 - b x=3 xe2 x2 -28 x- s) ,/\ /\
(3 x+2) (2 x- s)
=3x(6x+L)(2x-5)
 Algebro oncJ Stotistics

Perfect square trinomial :

"*+2ab+b2-(a+b)2
. az -2 ab +62 = (a-b)z In the perfect square trinomial
.X2+10X+25=(X+5)2 . Each of the first term and the third term
. 9 X2 -24 Xy + 16 y2 = (3 X- 4y)2 is a perfect square and its sign is positive.
, 4 X2 - 10 X+ 25 is not a perfect square . The middle term
because :
= t2 xal the first term the third term
the micl<ile term It 2 x\[a fi ".[x
1.6 a2 - 24 a - 9 is not a perfect square because the third term is negative.
72b2 - 16 b + 4 is not a perfect square because the first term (12 b2) is not a perfect square.
7 Factorizing by grouping :

oaX+ay+bX+by
Notice that : We divided the expression into two
=a(X+y)+b(x+y)
expressions : each one of them formed from two terms.
-(x+y)(a+b)
. x2 -y2 +2x-2y = (X-y) (x+ y) + 2(x-y)=(X-y) (X +y +2)
. x2 -2 xy +y2 -g
=(x2-zxy+y\-9
(x-92 - Q)2 I,lotice that : We divided the expression into a perfect
=
square trinomial and a perfect square monomial.
=(X-y+3) (x-y-3)

Completing the square :

.x4+4y4
= (x4 + 4 X2 y2 + 4y\ -4 x'y' Notice that : We added : Z xn[V
"1W
i.e.4 X2 y2 to the expression r then subtract it to
= (x2 + 2y2)2
- (Z xy)2
make the expression in the form :
=(x2+2y2+2xy) a perfect square trinomial - a perfect square monomial
(x2+2y2-2xy)
. x4 - lg x2 y2 + 9 ya by adding and subtracting : z xaft
"W
i,e.by adding and subtracting : 6 X'y'
.'. x4 - lg x2 y2 + 9 y4 + 6 x' y' - 6 x2 y2 = xa + 6 y2 + 9 ya
12
Aperfect square trinomal Aperfect square

= (x2 +3 y2)2 - (5 xy)z = (x2 +3 y2 -5 xg (x2 +3 y2 + 5 xy)

44
 Finol Revision

If the equation in the form : (X- b (X- m) = 0 where L and,mare real qumbers

:then:X-L=0 i.t.@=D or x-m=o i"r.F=il

.'. The solution set of the equation in IR = {1" , m}

For example :
oIf(X+5)(x-3)=0
rthen:X+5=0 ;.r.E-slo, x-3=o i.r.@:,
.'. The solution set in IR = {- S , :}
cIfX(2X+7)=0
: then'
lr(- !_,J or 2 X +'7 =O i.e.2 X= -7
... The solution ser in IR = {o , - +}
If the equation in the form :a X2 +b X + c = 0
: then we use the factoizing to put the equation in the form :

6- b (x- m) = 0 : then we find the solution set as in the previous.

For example : Notice that : We used the factorizing of the quadratic trinomial
.rfx2-5x-6=0 to put the equation in the form : $- b (X- m) = Q

rtheni(X-6)(X+1)=0
:. X-6=O ,.".@=d or x+ 1=o i.,.@:-l
.'. The solution set inlR={0,-t}
oIfX(X-t)=6
:then x2-X=6 Notice that : Before the factorizing r we should put the
equation in the form : a X2 +b X+ c = 0
.'.x2-x-6=o
:. (x- 3) (x+ 2)=0
.'. X-3=0 or X+2=0 i.r.@=-l
.'. The solution set in IR = {Z , -Z}

45
 Algebro ond Stofistics

Illllllll,lntttrr'""
"'

We can use the quadratic equation in one variable in solving some word problems , and the
foltrowing table helps you to form the quadratic equation using the given information in the problem :

If Then

oltshalf =|X oltsthird =t X

o ltstwice=2 X o Its threetimes = 3 X

. Its square=X2 o Twiceits square =2X2

A number = X . Square its double = (2 n2 = 4 X2
o Its additive inverse = -X
o Its multiplicative inverse = 1 : where X+ 0
x
Two numbers , one of them exceeds o The first number = X

the other by 5 o The second number = X + 5

or one of them is less than the other by 5

or their difference = 5

The sum of two numbers equals 5 o The first number = X o The second number = 5 - X

Two numbers r one of them is more o The first number = X

than twice the other by 5 o The second number = 2 X + 5

o The first number = X o The second number = X + I

Three consecutive integers
o The third number = X + 2

Three even (or odd) consecutive o The first number = X o The second number = X + 2
numbers o The third number = X + 4

Two numbers r the ratio between them o The first number = 2 X

is2:3 o The second number = 3 X

o His age after 4 yearc = X + 4

The age of a man now is X years o His age 3 years ago = X - 3
o The square ofhis age 6 years ago= (X-6)2
o The width = Xcm.: the length - (X+ 5) cm.
A rectangle whose length exceeds its
o Its perimeter = (X + X + 5) x 2 = (4 X + 10) cm.
width by 5 cm.
o Its area = X(X+ 5) = (X2 + 5 D cr&

A square of side length = X cm. . Its perimetet = 4 X cm. . Its area = Xz cr*.

46
 Finol Revision

If a and b are two real numbers r rn and n are two integers : except the cases in which
the denominator = 0 and the cases in which both the base and the power = 0 r then :

The law Example The explain

When we multiply numbers of the
@"^xan=a'*n 43x42=43*2=45
same base : we add the powers.

36 ^6-2 When we divide numbers of the same

-4
@#-a'n -=
72
1 = 1
base , we subtract the powers.
The power of a product of two numbers
@ {ut)'= a'b' (3 x 4)2 =32 x 42
is distributed over the two factors.
The power of a quotient of two
a' o3
@(+)' (?)' =- L
-1
numbers is distributed over the
bn
numerator and the denominator.
When we raise a number r raised to
1+2y3 = 14312

@ {u')'= (a')*= 3* ,3 x2 ,6
a power : to another powor I We
=+ =+ multiply the two powers.

Note that; . ao = 1 For example : (3)o = 1

.r.'=# For example : 5-' = =*

Ut
. (+)-'=(+)' For exarnp, ,(?)-' =(+)' = Z

I
Find in the simplest form each of the following :

O(1/r)" ({r)-'* (1/')o o*- {dr)

O (ztl s "^{
z) '
1

,.-,-,).)
o(#r o(0,)')'

o0r)' ({t)-" (1F)o = ({5)'+(-e)+

o
,. =@)' =,
(-2)
^[, - $;)', = 21[;
(t )-'
= $r)'-
47
 Algebro ond Stotistics

=2-2" (r/r)-'"@)'
-7^6
1.. I .. I _l ',,(:
6--
1
5
,*=J 1
60

(fr\^ - (tM\,^ -ro *@)o = u_r4 = 36

\ {r /
({r)- ({r)- e
Anotker solution :
... z
=^[i "tF

'(#)^=(tu#tr)'=({r)o "@)o =ex4=36

x2=
O (0, 1' = $ r)-2 (,/t)-o =
1

({, )"
1
9

)
Find each of the following to the simplest form :

^[i "(r^[r)', (-{r)' ({" )' , ({r)'

('^[')^ u,)^

6"(rG)'"(-6)' ^[z * z', (,F)'. - ({r)'

('^[')^ ,o
"@)o
+2+5-4 x22-a
= - ({5)'
=_(,F)* x2-2=_ex +=_z Rb.member

(z^[r)' " (^[r)' .1G =^[oZ =^[,

(,F)- "^[i
z'"(^[i)'"(rE)' _ r', (€)'.' .{i =14 " 3 =nSi "{ z
,o 24 x32
,
" @)o
-
:'x(1/z)
-'8
35 x24 o5-2..n4-4
= =r+*rz=t \'z . ({r)- = 1l* = 32
24xj2
=33 x20 =Tl x I =2J . ({r)t = 1[28 =2a
48
 Finol Revision

Simplify to the simplest form 25n *32n+1

: : then find the value of the result when n = 1
4-n * 62n+7

25n*32n+l 25n,32n+l
4-n >< 62r+ I
f22lnx12x 3)2n*l- 2-zn)ytt+t 3r*t
_25rt+2n-2n-l x 92n+ I -2n-l
=25n- * 30 _ 25n- l
I
Whenn=1:
.'. The expression =25-1 =24 = 16

O tt a is a real number r m and n are two integers

uno [u-l*l, where : a*o t a=* +
then
@] L

For example : If 3n = 9 : then 3n = 32

: '.' the base = the base .'. the power = the power
@
Qtt a and b are two real numberS r rrr is an integer urA
G* = U-l : then :

.6lif mis an oddnumber. Forexample:Ifn5 = 35 rthen: n = 3

. E=lif m is an even number. Forexample:If n2 =32: then:n = + 3
tE=r"-l if a*+b
For example : If 7'-2 = 5n-2 rthen : n - 2= O n=2

Find the value of n in each of the following :

(Dz"*5=8 @9"-' = # o (3)'.' = (r+)-'

n-6 _
@2, - 53n-6 @ Z'(n-3) - 1
@ :,
+2
nn,+2

O z'*5 =B ,.. z
^rr+5=z^3
The base = the base .'. The power = the power

n*5=3
(v: t) Y 7i / a!s!Y/ (oLJ) .:q-u,fldl;rJ 49
 Algebro ond Stotistics

..' on-t
/ -- 8l1 / ' 7^-,-o- 2
on-l-
9"
'.' The base = the base The power = the power

.'.n-1.=-2

O (3)
tatrll? r nt-Z
=.26) (?)'-' =(+)-'
' (+)".' =(*)' (?)'.'= ((3)')'
(+)'.'= (+)o
: '.' The base = the base .'. The power = the power

:.n+2=4 @
33n-6 = 53n-6 : '.' The power = the Power
O
.'. Either the base = the base or the power = 0
t'.'3*5 .'.3n-6=0
.'.3n=6
. zn(n 3)
O 7n(n-3) - 1 l-l
--t0
r '.' The base = the base
Notice that : If I then ,
[afl=1 @J
.'. The power = the power where:a+0 ta*+l
.'. n(n-3)=0
.'. EitherF=tr] or n*3=0,thenInITl

3n+2 - nr,+z '.' The power = the power

@
.'. Either the base = the base : then Fd-l
or the power = 0 r then n + 2 = 0 " tn=]2

Find the solution set of each of the following equations in IR' :

( 18)n
16
3n, ,n =

(18)n (32 x2)"

=16 -14
8nx9' (23)" x (32)n

50
 Finol Revision

o *xxfno nIl
La4
". 23n
-'
-14
"-*n z^3n
. )n-3n _ .74 n-3n= 4
.'. -2n= 4

... The S.S. = {_z}

O /i\'' (i)
,^,X2-X
, n,X2 -X
=2+ 9
= 4

vZv x
(+)^- -Gr .'. x2 - X=2
.'. x2 - x-z=o
By factorizing : .'. (x-2)(x+ 1)=0
.'. Either X-2 = 0 r then @:,
orx+1=o,thenIx=-T-l ... The S.S. = {Z , _ t}

llilllli,ltltr'""''

At performing an experiment r then :

the number of times of repeating this outcome
The probability of occurrence of a certain event =
the number of all possible outcomes

The expected number for occurrence of a certain event

= the probability of its occurrence x the total number of given individuals

For example :
If one of the factories produces 1500 electric lamps daily t as a sample of 100 electric lamps
was examined randomly in one of the days r 5 defective units were found r then :

Number of defective units in the sample

@ Probability of production a defective unit =
Number of sample units 100
= 0.05

@ fne expected number for the defective units in that day

= probability of production a defective unit We can write the

probability in the
x number of produced units in that day
percentage form.
= 0.05 x 1500 = 75 lamps. i.e.5 Vo

51
 Algebro ond Stotistics

o The probability of occurrence of an event A C S is denoted by P (A)

It is found by using the relation :

the number of elements of A n(A)

P(A)= the number of elements of the sample space
= n (s)

r The probability of the impossible event = 0

o The probability of the certain event = 1

o The probability of any event is not less than zeto and it is not more than 1

i.e.ForanyeventA r0<P(A)< I i.e.P(A)g[O , t]

: then it has no meaning that the probability of an event is 140 7o ot - 2

If a fair die is thrown once and we observe the number on the upper face r find the

probability of each of the following events :

greatet than 4
@ A is the event of appearance of a number
@U is the event of appearance of an even number.
@ C is the event of appearance of the number 5

@ O is the event of appearance of the number 7

@ n is the event of appearance of a number less than 7

(il"tA
S={1 t2 13 t4 15, 6} rn(S)=6
P(A)= 2_l
OA= {5 ,6} ,n (A)=2 6- 3
P(B)= 3_1
@B={2,+,6} ,n(B)=3 6- 2

P(C)= 61
OC={s},n(C)=l
@D={}orAtn(D)=zero
.'. P (D) = = zero (the impossible event)
I
(OE= {t .'z t3 ,4,5 ,,6} rn(E) =$

P(E)= 9=t
6
(the certain event) or (the sure event)

52
 Finol Revision

)
A bag contains an amount of marbles of the same size and softness. If 2 marbles are red ,
3 marbles are blue and 5 marbles are white.A marble is drawn randomly. Calculate :

@ fne probability that the drawn marble is red.

@ fne probability that the drawn marble is blue.

@ fne probability rhat the drawn marble is white.

@ ffre probability that the drawn marble is not blue.

The probability of getting a certain occurent

the number of chances of getting this occurrent

= the total number of chances

'.' The total number of marbles = 2 + 3 + 5 10 marbles.

=
The probability that the drawn marble is red
@
number of red marbles
total number of marbles -z=l
10 5

The probability that the drawn marble is blue

@
number of blue marbles a
-)
total number of marbles -10
The probability that the drawn marble is white
@
number of white marbles
51
- t0-
total number of marbles 2
The probability that the drawn marble is not blue
@
number of the marbles which are not blue
_t0-3 _ 7
total number of marbles 10 10

53
Final Examinations
on Algebra and Statistics

q94,
ULuJla.orl &Uttiol Jd"d P,

I ,,fc ucgr:g-o JlQrrr J< Car.qJ

,-[lroJ'Fn r-a!c r-,aa r-llcPo o
f'f\' - f.ff Vrl.1e-lt PLdl

\J )
 Atgebro ond
Stqtistics

Model I t
Answer the following questions :

ll Comptete the following :

Ettzx+3 - 1 ,thenx-..............
EIfX *y =4 t X-y=2 tthenX2 -y2 =
[C ffre solution set of the equation; X2 - 1 = 8 : where XeZ+ is ......".......

l-. r-
fs-l I
-
3 - .....o/^
..--- /u
4

E Chooru the correct answer :

fr r
s-' *{i : .... .... .....
s{s
(u) -L
r25
rur I
25
(c) zs (d) tzs

@ru-z- =
(a) z* (b) nv @)a (d) {0}
E fne volume of a cube of side length 3 cm. equals .......... . . cml
(a) q (b) tz (c) zt (d) st
Efne expression : X2 +kX+ 36 is aperfect square whenk equals
(a)+6 (b)t8 (c) + lz (d) * 18
E A regular die is thrown once and observed the upper facer then the probability of
appearance a number divisible by 3 is
@+ (b) 1 (c) a (d)
J ',2 +tr

Orr(*)" 27 tthenx=
\J./ = t25
1)<
(al-5 (b) -: (c) : (d) s

Et Factorize each of the following expressions :

7)x2+8x+15 @zx2+7x+3 @)x3_ t @aX-7 a+3 X-21
E tut Simplify to the simplest form : 4n x 62n
24'x 32n
[b] Fina the S.S.for the following equation whereXC IR : x2 - g X+ lZ=0
E tut A bag contains a number of similar balls r 5 of them are white and the rest are red. If
the probability of drawing a red ball ,r ,find the number of all the balls.
?
[b]If: =27,x 4x*Y = I tfindthevalues of z xandy

55
 Algebro ond Stotistics

TEEE
Answer the following questions :

ll Comptete the following :

j)If 1x-1-3x-l rthen x- """' "'

@x' =(x-2)( .,.......+2x+4)
@ (5 x -Zy) (25 x2 + 10 X y + 4y') = """""""'
74y?-x =6 rthen \=...............
5
@ A bag contains 9 cards labeled by numbers from 1 to 9 t a cstd is drawn randomly
r then the probability that the card carries an odd number is """""" "

fl Choose the correct answer :

@If X3Y-3=8 rthen +=

(a) 8 G)+ @+ (d) 2

@ The expression '. X2 + 4X+ ais aperfect square when aequals

(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 8 (d) 16

[q] The S.S. of the equation: x2 - x- 0 is """" "" where X€lR

tot {o} @)a (c) {o , t} (d) {1}
[4] In the figure opposite :

The shaded region represents the circle.

(")
+ o)+
tc) 4
1
(d)
+
[5If 3x+3x+3x= 1 rthen \,="""""""'
(a)-1 (b) 0 tc) *J (d) 1

@If 6x=ll rthen 6x+| = """""""

(a) 12 (b) 22 (c) 66 (d) 72

@ Factorize each of the following :

l)+ x2 -v [gJx'+ 8

@x2 -5 x @x'- x-6

E tul Find in IR the S.S. of the following equation z x2 -x- 6=o

[b] Simplify to the simplest form :

56
 Finol Exominotions

* 3rx
E tut tt 2x(12)^ = *L ,find the value of x

tb] A bag contains a number of similar balls. Some of them are redr 2 green r 4 blue.
If theprobabilityof drawingaballwithgreencolourt, ,findthenumberofredballs.
*

Answer the following questions :

ll Choose the correct answer from those given :

(a) {-s ,s} 0) {s} t.l {- s} @)a

@ If the expression : X2 + a X + 9 is a perfect square r then a = .'.............
(a) 3 (b) 6 (c) 9 (d) 18

E If (X- 1) is one factor of the expression : X2 - 4 X+ 3 : then the other factor is ..'..........'.
(a) X+3 (b)X+1 (c) x-3 (d) x- y

tr (+)" = (+)' : then \, =

"
(a) -2 (b) 2 @+ @-+
@ The probability of the sure event equals
(a) o @+ (c) 1 (d) 2

El Join from the column (A) to the suitable in the column (B) :

Column (A) Column (B)

@If a2 -b2 = 15 t a+ b = 3 :then a-b = rJ

@ If one digit of the number 31450 is chosen at random r
c$
then the probability of the chosen number is

even = .25
E If (X + 3 y)2 = X2 +k Xy + 9 y2 :thenk = ............... oQ

@43 + 43 + 43 + 43 = ....'...'......
.44
@ The proba.bility of the impossible event = .'.............

(A : i) Y ii / 4;:lxl Y/ (;ll) ;,f*;qrlqldl Lf, 57

 Algebro ond Stotistics

E Comptete each of the following :

E pot ( r' ) for the correct statement and ( X ) for the incorrect one :

E A school has 320 pupils r if the probability of the chosen pupil is a boy is 0.6 r

then the number of girls is 120 ( )

Etr:x=zJ,thenx=+ ( )

[4 A card is drawn at random : from cards numbered from 1 to 10 :

then the probability that the card carries an odd number greater than 3 t, t ( )

@ ffre positive real number which if its square is added to its three times r

the result willbe 28 rs 4 ( )

[Efne solution set of the equation : X (X-3) (X+ 5) = 0 in]R is {0, 3 r- 5} ( )

Complete the solution in which the expression : !)="

diin its simplest form :
' 24n X32n
" "")'t,
(2 (..........,3rzn _ r""""" *..........2n
^32n

58
 Atgebro ond
Stqtistics

Answer the following questions :

Il Cho"r" the correct answer :

_-
A\25x9="""""""'
(a) t (b) ts (c) to (d) zzs

E fne probability of the impossible event equals

(a) 1 (b)- 1 (c) zero (d) o.s
x
@ttzx = 3 rthen 8 - ...............

(a)3 (b)9 (c)zt (d) st

@ttXz -yz = 12 t X+y =4 tthenX-y= .......

(a) 3 (b) 16 (c) 8 (d)z
Efne expression :4 X2 +kX+ 9 is a perfect square : when k =

(a)+6 (b) 6 (c) + 12 (d) tz

I Complete :

Ox' =(x-2)(.,..,...,......+2x+4)
@Quarter of the number 420 =...............
E ffre multiplicative inverse of 2- 3 = .'...'. "...'..

ft Factorize each of the following :

Axz -gt @ax-7 a+3 X-27

Esx3+l @zx'-x-t5
E tut Find in IR the S.S. of the equation : x2 - x = 12
({l
tbl simplify to the simplest rbrm : ) f ,'j
, " ('B)'
59
 Algebro ond Stotistics

E tut If 3x-2 = 8l : find : the value of X

tbl Abag contains anumber of similarballs r 4 redballs r 6 whiteballs and 5 greenballs.
A ball is drawn randomly.
Find the probability of the drawn ball is :
[! Red. @ Not green. @ White.

E]-Zeiton'Zone '
Talaea Gaber El-Ansary Language.School

Answer the following questions :

I Complete:
EIf 3x-4- 1:then x-
@ The S.S. of x2 - 25 = 0 in IR is ...............

I If the probability of success of a student is 0.7 r then the probability of his failure
is ...............

@If 3x = 2J tthen X = ....'...'......

@ The probability of the impossible event is ......'....'...

ff choose:
flThe S.S, of x2 -3 X=O inlRis
tut {o} @)a 1c; {o ,:} (d) {3}
tr,r (+)" = (+)' , rhen /,=
(a) -2 (b) 2 @+ @)+
@)If X2 + 8 X+ a is a perfect square r then a- .............,.

(a)-4 (b) 4 (c) 8 (d) 16

f4 If the age of Ali now is X years r then his age 3 years ago is years.

(a) X+3 (b)3x (c) x-3 (d)6x

IE 33 + 33 + 33 = ........"..."
(a) 33 (b) 34 (") 312 (d) 381

E tul If dlg = 64 tfind : x

lbl Find in IR, the S.S. of the equation : X2 - 1=8

60
 Finol Exominotions

@ Factorize each of the following :

B+ xz -s Ex3+g
@x'-x-6 @aX-7 a+3 X-21
E tut A box contains 2 red balls r 3 white balls and 5 blue balls. A bail is drawn randomly.
Find the probability of getting :

f A white ball. @A non red ball.

@ A yellow ball. E A red or blue ball.
thl If 3x-4 = 9 , find the S.S. in IR

Answer the following questions :

fl Choose the correct answer :

Efneexpression : X2 +kX+ 36 is aperfectsquarewhenft=...............

(a)r6 (b)t8 (c) + lz (d) t 18
X+2
@ttl - 1 : then fi = ...............
(a) 1 (b) -z (c) 2 (d) 7

Ef a regular die is tossed once r then the probability of appearing an even number

@+
equals

o)+ (.)
* (d) 0

@22x22=
,,-,)
(a) )- (c) 6a
G) s4 @) 62

5_ltfa=r
b
:then3a-3b=
(a) zero (b) 1 (c) 4 (d) 8

E Comptete the following :

E tr s
x-t - 27 ;then x- ...............

E tf a coin is thrown once : then the probability of appearing a tail equals

@x(y -z) + m (y- z)=(y -z) (.. ...)

E ffre S.S. of the equation : X2 + 3 X= 0 in IR is ...............

61
 Algebro ond Stotistics

E tut Factorize each of the following :

g)xz-4v' @X3+8
4x x9x
[bl Simplify , -e,

E tut Find in IR the S.S. of the equation: x2 + x= 6

[b] Factorize each of the following :

@x2+14X+49 @aX-J a+3 X-21

E tut If the probability of choosing a boy from a class of 40 students is 0.6
, find the number of girls in this class.

Ibl If x3 y-3 = 8 ,find: {v

4 Giza Governorate A o.,,Lrcroperurrecrorare

Answer the following questions :

ll Complete:
@ The probability of the impossible event is """ "" "'
@ The S.S. of the equation'. X2 + 1 = 0 in IR is
,
s (t/s-13) *sls=
q If 3x=5 ,then(27)x =.,....'..."...
@ The age of a man now is X years : then his age 7 years ago is years.

a Choose the correct answer :

@ Fifth of 520 is ...".... '....

(u) 51s (b) 510 (.) 5le (d) 540

ER*0lR-=
(a) o @)a r.l io) (d) R

@If X2 +k X+ 25 is a perfect square rthenk=

(a) 5 (b) 10 (c) * to (d)+5
[4If X3 +2] = (x+, (x2 + k + 9) rthenk=
(a)-6x (b)-3x (c)3x (d),6 x
x-3 - 5x-3 tthenX=
@If 7
(a) 5 (b) 7 (c) 3 (d) 0

62
 Finol Exominotions

B trt Factorize each of the following :

axz -rc @5X+10y+aX+2ay

@x4+4ya
tbl A real number if you add it to its square r the result is 12 t find the number.

E tul Find the S.S. of the equation in IR :

a

A3X'+15X-18=0 [z)X'-9 X=0

BjlffL:#= 9 I find : the value of x

E tul Simplify , ffiand flnd the value when X = 2

[b] A box contains 5 white t 2 red , 3 green balls. One ball is drawn randomly from the box.
Calculate the probability of each of the following :

@ The ballis white. @ The ball is not red.

East Educational Zone

Math Supervision

Answer the following questions :

tl Choose the correct answer :

@The expression '. X2 + 6 X+kis aperfect square whenk =

(a) 3 (b) 6 (c) 9 (d) 36

.e_)2' x 52 =
(a) 102 (b) 103 (c) 10s (d) 106

@i-' '7o
(a) 50 (b) 2s (c) 100 (d) ]s
EIf 5x-2-I tthenX=.
(a)zerc (b) (c) 2 (d) s

E(x+3)(x-3)=
(a)x2-3 (Wx2-9 (c)X2+9 (d)x+3

a Complete:
@Ifa +b=4, a-b=3 : then* -b2 =

63
 Algebro ond Stotistics
lcl(-
t-) J

a rrI)x=4,then x=.. ... "..

[4 fne S.S. of the equatio n : X2 + 5 = 0 in ]R is
tro(+)" =#,rhen \,= .

E tut Factorize :

@zxz+7 x+3 Ex'-s

tbl Simplify to the simplest form : 4l ,x 62^".
24n x32n

E tut Find the S.S. for each of the following where XCIR :

Ex'-8x+12=o @gx'-16=o
tbl If X = 3 , y =1[i, find in the simplest form the value of :
E x-z t-+ tr(+)-'
E tul Find the value of x if , (?)'*-' = *
tbl A regular die is thrown once. Find the probability of each of the following events :

@ Appearance of a number divisible by 7

l3lAppearance of a prime number.

Answer the following questions :

II Chors. the correct answer :

[l] If tne expression : x2 +kX+ 36 is aperfect square r thenk =

(a)+6 (b)t8 (c) + 12 (d) t 18

tr"(+)" =#,then x- ... ..

(a)-5 (b)-3 (c) 3 (d) s

@ ItX3 -y3 = 26 and X2 + Xy +y2 = 13 tthen X-y =

(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 12 (d) 3e

El fne S.S. of the equation'. X2 + 25 = 0 in R is ...............

ru) is] (b) {- s} (") {s ,-5} @)a

64
 Finol Exominotions

E tf X is the additive identity element and y is the multiplicative identity element

: then 2x + 3Y * ......."......

(a) 5 (b) 4 (c) 3 (d) z

I Complete each of the following :

Ff,ttzx+3 - 1 r then J(= ...............

Bm(X+ 2) is one of the factors of the expression : X2 +7 X+ 10 , then the other factor
is ..... .. . .' ... ..

E tf tfre age of Salma now is X years old : then her age after 3 years is years old.
@ If tfre probability of a stuclent succeeds is 0.6 r then the probability of his failure is .........,.....
E fne solution set of the equation: X (X-3) (X+ 5) = 0 in lR is ...............

E tut Find the S.S. of the equation inlR t x2 -9 x + 14 =0

g**'=\.4*
[b] Simplify to the sirnplest form :
62X

!I tr'actorize each of the following perfectly :

B+ x2 -zs @z x2 -7 x-6
EaX-7a+3X-Zl @zx3+rc
E fulrfzx-t=32and3Y =i rfind: x+y
[b] Abox has 4 redballs :3 white balls r 5 yellow balls.If aball is drawnrandomly
: calculate the probability of the ball is :

E Reo. E Not white.

.A.nswer the fol,lowing questions :

tl Choose the correct answer from those given :

t-ll a- -l

(a)-8 $)+ (") (d) s

+
E fne solution set of the equation: X2 + 36 = 0 in IR is ...............
rul {o} (b) {- 6} ("){6,-6} @)b
(1 : t) Y
7i / a:l*!Y/ (oU).:t-;urglvJl i-rJ 65
 Algebro ond Stotistics

@:4 +34 +34 =...............

(a) 312 (b) 34 (c) 3s (d) 36

[4 fne expression :4 Xz +kX+ 9 is aperfect square if k =

2
(.a) (b) 4 (c) 8 (d) tz

fEtrrx=5 rthen3x+2-
(a) 5 (b) 10 @) a5 (d) s0

El Comptete each of the following :

x I
Ettl = tthen X= .,........'....

E If I x ='7 ,then3-x = ..'...........'

E g, 6-9 + 3 -. ....'. ."
@lt X-y X' -y'= """""""'
= 5 and X* y =7 : then

E If tne probability of a pupil succeeds k # r then the probability of his failure

is ... ..' ... .'. ...

E tul Factorize:

Bx2-9y2 @x'-6x+8 E:x3-st

Dl Ir (?)".' =
*, find : the value of x

E tut Find in iR the S.S. of the equation z x2 - 8x =- 15

x-3 -
lbl Find in IR the S.S. of the equation : 5 25

E tut simpriry ,##

tb] A bag contains balls labeled by the numbers from 1 to 15 r if a ball is drawn at random

r find the probability of getting :

E a, even number. E Anumber divisible by 5

@ A prime number.

bb
 Finol Exominotions

Tala Educational Administration

Mathematics Orientation

Answer the f,ollowing questions :

fl Choose the correct answer from the given answers :

lSIf X+y=3 :then 7 y +7 f,,-...............

(a) 7 (b) 2t (c) 72 (d) 10
1
@ The multiplicative inverse of 3- = ...,...........
(a) 4J (b)-3 (c)-1 (d) 3

@ For any eventAC S : then P (A) .... ..

[zero , 1]
(a) C @q (c) € (d) e
1
@If 4x+ = 20 r then 4x = ...............
(a) 5 (b) 4 (c) 9 (d) 24
EIf x2-Zxy+y2=36 >rhenX-y-.. ....

(a)-6 (b)t6 (c) 6 (d) 8

fl Comptete the following statements :

@ The probability of the impossible evenr equals

[4If X={5 + 2 >thenX2 =...............
EIfX3 +y3 =63 t X+y =9 tthenX2 -Xy -ry2 =
@ The solution set of the equation'. x3 - g x= 0 is (where xe IR)

Elf Zx=15 , 2! =5 rthen 2x-v =...............

' 32x* t -x-25x
[a] Put in its simplest form
15" ^
[b] A positive real number : if its square is added to it r the result is 12 twhat is the number ?

E rut If x*zaro ;**+=^'[i ,whatis thevalueof theexpression : x2 +1?

[b] A group of cards numbered from 1 to 15. If one card is drawn at random , write the
sample space and then find the probability that the number on the drawn card is :

[! A multiple of 6 E An even prime number.

67
 Algebro ond Stotistics

ffi f*t Factorize each of the following perfectly :

@8xa+x @x'+y (x-12y)
[4x'-3x2 +6x-18 @3y2+7y-6
lbl Lll Find the solution set of the equation where .XelR z X2 - 10 X = -' 2l

[z-='1F'ind the value of n where n is an integer z 4

x2n*5 - I

Answer the following questions :

ffi Comptete the following :

-! rne S.S. of : x2 + 25 =O in R is
lE rne multiplicative inverse of the number (,F )- is " " " " " " "'
, lf(X-S)o=1:thenXe '" ""
i If the perimeter of a square is m cm. r then its area is """"" "'
I

, The probability of the impossible event equals

Choose the correct answer from those given :

If6x=7 :thcrt6X+l = "" ""'

(a) 8 (b) 13 (c) 36 (d) 42

i tre S.S. of the equation: x3 + 9 X= 0 in IR is """""""'

{o ,:}
1a; G) {0} (") {0 ,-3} (d) {0.3 ,-3}
, ,If xz a= (X-3) (x+ 3) : rhen a = ...............
-
(a) 3 (b)-3 (c) 9 (d)-e
, [he expression : X2 + X+ ais aperfectsquare : when a= """" ""'
(a) 1 (b) 0.s (c) 0'25 (d) 2

E rr(x+y) = f ,,n", 6 x+5 y)3 =

(a) r25 (b) ls (c) 2l (d) 0.e

E! rut simpliry ,
##
Ibl If the length of a rectangle is 5 cm. more than its width and its area is 36 cm?
: find its perimeter.

68
 Finol Exominotions

@ Factorize each of ttre following expressions :

7)x'-e y' @x'-3x2+6x-18
@25 x2 -30 x+9 @:x3*st
E ful If a carcl is chosen randomly from 10 cards numbered from 1 to 10
r then find the probability that the number on the chosen card is :

@ even. E divisible by 3 @ even prime.

tbl If 2
x-2 - 32 tthenfind : the value of X

Answer the following questions :

ll Comptete each of the following :

Itll-+-4? .. %o

Erfre S.S. of x2 -g = 0 inlRis........'...."

L0If =7 ,then 6 x'rt -
6
x

l4 (a - 2) (2 a- 3) = 2 * -7 a + ...............
IC The probability of the sure er,enf. *quals

E tut Factorize each of the foll*wing completely :

ex'+8x+15 @zx3 *rc

lbl Simplify I u-x
,rX+2 r9X
6-

E tut Factorize each of the following completely :

Bq x2 -zs @aX-J a+3 X-21

[b] Find the value of X in each of the following :

@z*-2 = 16 @3x-s -7x-s

@ Choose the correct answer from those given :

Efne expression : X2 +kX+ 36 is aperfect square :whenk =

(a)+6 (b)t8 (c) + lz (d) r 18

69
 Algebro ond Stotistics

E Itx3 y-3 = 8 :then

+=
(a) z (b)t8 .1 @+
(c) +-
-u
Errxty=3 , x2-xy+y2= tthen X3 +y3=
(a) 15 (b) zs (c) 8 (d) z

fqltr:x+3x+3x= l rthenX=
(a)-t (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 2

l4tt - m = (X - 1) (X + 7) tthen the value of m =

x2
(a) t+ (b) - l+ (c) +g (d) - 4e

E t"t Find the solution set in IR for the equation z x2 - X- 6 =O

tb] n colored marble is drawn randomly of a box containing 13 red marbles r 17 white

marbles and20 blue marbles. Find the probability of drawing :

fI a wnlte marble. E A red or blue marble.

Educational Directorate

Answer the following questions :

E Cnoore the correct answer from the given ones :

E rr (x-ro = 1 :then xe ...............

(u) {:} tul {-:} (cl R - {:} (d)m-{-:}

A,+3+43+43+43-4""""'
(a) z (b) g (c) 4 (d) s

iQ,J A regutar die is thrown once and the upper face is observed : then the probability of
appearance a number divisible by 3 is

@+ G)+ @+ GDX
i4 rn" S.S. of : x (x- 1) = 0 in R is .."......'....

{o}
ta) (b) {1} (") {t ,- 1} (d) {o , 1}
e ({t *lr)' (^tl -^t;)'=
(a) t o) {s (.)G (d) s

70
 Finol Exominotions

B Complete each of the following :

@The expression :4 X2 +kX+ 49 is aperfect square whenk- ..... ....

E fne probability of the certain (sure) event equals

@Z X2 + 10 X + 8 = (3 X+ ...........,. ) (X+ ...... .)

@2,",o + 2_ _(t _1 ), = ...............

1

\E'
E [ul Factorize each of the following completely :

@x2 -zs @x' - 11x+ 18

@x3+8 @xy +5y+l X+35
tbl Ir (?)'x-1 -f , nro : the vatue orx

E tul Find in IR, the S.S. of : x2 + 3 x -28 = o

({')l ) '-
rbl simpriry, :(f
({r)--
E t"tUsefactorizationtogetthevalue of :(7.3)2 +2x7.3 x2.7 +(2.72

[b] The following table shows the eyaluations of 50 students in one month :

Evaluation Excellent Very good Good Pass Fail

Number of students 6 9 11 16 8

A student is randomly selected. what is the probability of getting :

f Excellent. @ Good. @Pass.

General, Math Supervision

Answer the following questions :

tf Choose the correct answer :

Btf Zx=5 rrhen8x=

(a) a0 (b) 10 (c) 16 (d) rzs
Y_) '=
lzllf x+5
-". =0:thenX=
(a) 2 (b) -2 (c) 5 (d)-s

71
 A,lgebro ond Stotistics

x*3 - 5x-3 rthen \.=...............

@If 7

(a) 5 (b) 7 (c) 3 (d)-3

@If theexpression :X2 +14X+kis aperfectsquare rthenk- """ ""
(a)2 (b) 7 (c) 14 (d) 49

@Afair die is thrown once r then the probability that 5 appears is """""""'
@)+ 0)+ (")+ (d)*

B Complete :

x
8@If 3 =2J r4x*Y = I ttheny = """"" ""
Glff X2 -y2 = 12 t X-Y =3 tthenX+y= """"" ""
@ The slope of the straight line which is parallel to the X-axis is " """"""
@If 3x+3x+3x= 1 rthenx- "
I s ] The solution set of the equation'. X2 + 9 = 0 in iR is

E fut Factorize each of the following :

nx2-5x-24 @xt-125
lExy+5y+3X+75
tbl Find the solution set in IR for : X2 + 12 = 7 X

[a] Simprify ,##

lbl Find the value of Xif :

I " 1g".1
-,8x
x9x
,t -64 fit2,X-2
r,:J " - 27|

El tut Find the positive real number if added to its square the result will be 12
[b] A numbered card is selected randomly from a set of similar cards mtmbered from
I to 20 : frnd the prohability of getting a card carrying :
@ A number divisible by 5 @ A prime number.

72
 Finol Exominotions

Answer the following questions :

tl Choose the correct answer from the given ones :

Elf3x=2rthen3x+l-
(a) 4 (b) 6 (c) 8 (d) 21

@ X' + 10 X + k is a perfect square when k = ......'....,...

(a) 10 (b) 2s (c) * 10 (d) t25
@ The S.S. of the equation ; x2 - 49 = 0 in lR is ..........,..,.
rul {z} tu) {- 7} (") {= 7 ,7} @)a
@ 43 + 43 = ...'...........
(u) 4e (b) 46 (r) 2a @) 27

EThe probability of the impossible event equals

(a) o $)a (c) 1 (d) 100 Vo

fl Complete the following :

@ 5 years from now it will be the age of a man was X ]ears : then his age now
is ..'.........'.. years.

@+ x2 -2= | {x'- )

@Aquarterof ahalf = ............ Vo

@rf 7x-3 - 1 :then x-...............

Effa+b=4 t r--b=5 : thena2 -b2 =

@ Factorize each of the following expressions :
Bxz -zs Eab+a+b+1
@x3 + 2l @xt+x2-t2x
E tui Solve the following equation in IR z X2 =3X

lbl Simplify to the simplest form :

5'* \1,*-'
53x

( \ . : t) Y 7i / an*! Y/ (oUJ) or-;r,rflqdl i-r5 73

 Algebro ond Sfotistics

E rut tt(+)"-' = *, then find : the value of x

[b] A regular die is thrown once , find :

[] The event to get an odd prime number.

q The probability of getting a number that is divisible by 5
I ]

Administration of Distinguished &

Governmental Language Schools

Answer the following questions :

tl Choose the correct answer from those given :

f] fne solution set of the equation: X2 - \,= 0 in R is """""""'

rut {o} b)a (c) {o , t} (d) { 1}

@tt x2+kX+ 36 is aperfectsquare :thenk- """""

(a) + 18 (b) x.12 (c)+8 (d)t6
@,2*x3xx3x=
(a) 33 x o)3x*1 (")3x*3 (d) 93 x

l-ttt Z x2 + c X - 3 = (2 x - 1) (x + 3) rthenc=
2
(a) (b) 4 (c)-5 (d) s

iiltflx=5, 3Y =4 tthen3x+Y =
(a) 15 (b) 20 (c) 9 (d) 1

fl Comptete the following :

E fne probability of the certain event equals

- +4 = ."....... ..... vo
tal t
Ertx3 y-3=8:then +=
@z *6- 8 + {-,,...... ......
[gj rr z
x- r - 3x- 1 > then x =

E fut Factorize each of the following :

j)zs x'-y' @x3 +216

tbl If 3x =2J, 4x*Y =7,tfind : thevalues ofXandy

74
 Finol Exominotions

E ful Find in IR the solution set of the equati on z X2 - 1=g

- AX+ l- 62-X
lb I Simplify : : then calculate its value at X =
ft I

E tut Factorize : ay + 5 X+ 5 y + a X

[b] A colored marble is drawn randomly out of a box containing 12 red,marbles : 18 white
marbles and20 blue marbles. Find the prohability of selecting :

I IJ a wfrite marble. @ Ared marble.

@l Ayellow marble. @ A non red marble

Answer the following qaestions :

Il Comptete each of the following :

E-l rne simptest form of , ({, )' , ({t

)t =
[-a-] ff X* y = 5 and. X- y = 3 : then X' - y' =

tr (fi*{a)' (n -r)'=

El Choose the correct answer :

Efne expression '. X2 + 8 X+ ais aperfect square when a=...............

(a) -+ (b) + (c) 8 (d) 16

E tr tne age of kamal now is x years r then his age 3 years ago was years.
(a) x+z (b)3x (c) x-z (d)6x
Ig ] A regular die is thrown oflce r then the probability of appearance 7 on the upper face
is ...............

'66-5
(a) (b) 1 (c) o (d)
*
@ :3 + 33 + 33 = ..'..........'.
(a) z3 (b) s4 (c) 3r2 (d) :81

75
 Algebro ond Stotistics

o;The solution set of the equation : (X - 1)2 =0 in lR is """""""'

tn; {- r} (b) {1 , - 1} (.) {1} f,1) {2}

Factorize each of the following expressions :

A:9x2-+ aX-7 a+3 X*27

ir x3-t
' FindthesolutionsetinlR: X2 +B X+ 15 ==0

': 'xr form : "1 +l_where

Find in the simplest X*0

A numbered card is selected randomly from a set of similar cards numbered from 1 to 15

Find the prohallility of getting a card carrying :

A prime number. 'A number divisible by 3

If 2x-2 = 32: then find : the value of X

76
Second
Accumulative Tests

\
 Accumulative test on lesson

E Ct oose the correct answer from those given :

E If the base length of a parallelogram is 7 cm. and the corresponding height is 5 cm. r
then its area equals ............... ?
"
(a) t2 (b) 3s (c) 70 (d) 100
E tf tne lengths of two adjacent sides of a parallelogram are 8 cm. , 6 cm. and its greater
height is 12 cm. : then its area equals ............... ?
"
(a) 72 (b) 84 (c) 96 (d) 168

Ei tf tne area of a parallelogram is 48 cm? and its base length is 12 cm. r then the
corresponding height to this base is ...............cm.
(a) 4 (b) 2 (c) 5 (d) 6
[4J tt tfre lengths of two adjacent sides of a parallelogram are 9 cm. : 6 cm. and its smaller
height is 4 cm. r then its greater height is ............... cm.
(a) 36 (b) 24 (c) tz (d) 6

E fut In the opposite figure :

ABCD is a rectangle
,XBtt nP,CeBF,EGBF
Prove that :

The area of the figure ABCM = The area of the figure DMEF

lbl In the opposite figure :

ABXF is a rectangle
: ABCD and AMEF are two parallelograms
Prove that :

M
The area of D ABCD = The areaof D AMEF

E fut In the opposite figure :

ABCD is a parallelogram : AB = 12 cm.

:BC=18cm.:DX=10cm.
Find : @ fne area of the parallelogram. + 18cm. +
@ ffre lengrh of DY

79
 Geometry

tbl In the opposite figure ; D A

ABCDisaparallelogram rAC= 20cm.

rBD=1.2cm.tm(LABD)=90orAB=8cm. cN B

Find the area of the parallelogram ABCD

80
tl Ct oose the correct answer fi:om those given :

corresponding base to this height is ............... cm.

(a) 16 (b) 6 (c) 3 (d) 2

i;l I If the area of a triangle is 15 cm? and its base length is 5 cm. r then the corresponding
height is ............... cm.
(a) 5 (b) 3 (c) 10 (d) 6

i i, The area of the triangle is .......'....... the area of the parallelogram having a common
base and its vertex lies on the straight line parallel to this base.

(a) equal to (b) half (c) twice (d) quarter

@ The area of the parallelogram in which the lengths of two adjacent sides are 7 cm. and
5 cm. and its smaller height is 4 cm. equals ............... ?
"
(a) 35 (b) 2s (c) 28 (d) 4e

@ fne area of the rectangle whose dimensions are 3 cm. and 8 cm. the area of
the triangle whose base length is 8 cm. and its corresponding height is 6 cm.
(a) > (b) < (c) = (d) +

iE I ABCD is a parallelogram lvhose area is 60 cm? : then the area of

AABC equals .... ....
"*?
(a) 10 (b) 1s (c) 30

E-l f, the opposite figure :

ABx =BCxAD
(a) AC (b) BD
(c) DC (d) BC

E ful In the opposite figure :

D-__x a
ABCD is a rectangle
: XEFC is a parallelogram.
l;'1>"
t_>
Prove that : "\:-z' F
The area of the rectangle ABCD = The area of the parallelogram XEFC

(\\ : t) Y p; / alt ! Y/ (.:t J).r+qrrt<ldl i*rJ 81

 Geometry

[b] In the opposite figure :

EA
ABCD is a parallelogram, E eAD 6^
$(
\?
rEB=6cm. rEC=8cm.
C
Find : E ffre area of A EBC
E fne area of the parallelogram ABCD

E tut In the opposite figure :

ABCD and EBCF are two parallelograms

,DEAF,E€AF
,CpngE={N{}
Prove that : The area of the figure ABMD = The area of the figure EMCF

[b] In the opposite figure :

npraE,BErAC,AC= 1ocm.

:BC=8cm. rAF=5cm.
Calculate : The area of A ABC
And find : The length of BE

82
 lesson

tf Ctroose the correct answer from those given :

E encp is a parallelogram whose area is 80 cm? and E e AD : then the area of
A EBC equals ........... ... ?
(a) 40 (b) 60
"
(c) 80 (d) 160
E egC is a triangle , if AD is a median r then the arca of A ABC =
(a) the area of A ABD (b) the area of AACD
(c) 2 the area of A ABD (d) 3 the area of AACD

E fne fiangle whose base length is 7 cm. and its area is 28 cm? r the corresponding
height equals ,.............. cm.
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 8
i4 fn the opposite figure :
The area of A AED = ............... The area of A ABC

@)+ G)+J
@+ (d)
+
E tut In the opposite figure :

ac/xv
: F is the midpoint of XY
Prove that : The area of A ABF = The area of A CBF

lbl In the opposite figure :

ABCD is a rectangle r E eCE'

Prove that : The area of A DBC = The area of A ADE

E tut In the opposite figure :

1'OIIgC,B€BC,FGBC
where BE = CF , af'n eO = 1ffrf1
Prove that : E fne area of A AME = The area of A DMF
@ ffre area of the figure ABEM = The area of the figure DCFM
[b] In the opposite figure :
ABCD and BCEF are two parallelograms.
Prove that :

The area of A cEM = {,z rne area of the parallelogram ABCD

83
 Accumulative test lesson

Choose the correct answer from those given :

The ratio between the area of the parallelogram and the area of the triangle whose base
is common and are included between two paral1e1 straight lines equals " " " " " " "
','2'.1 l,)3:1 (':)1:2 ('i)1:3
The median of the triangle divides its surface into two triangles
congruent. area.

/x
.' ) (r,) similar. (c) equal in (d) equal in perimeter'

In the opposite figure : DA

If the area of A ABC = The area of A DBC
r then
/\

T
.,ABII CD (b) AB = CD CB
, ,) AD IIBC (cl) AD = BC D, E A

ia In the opposite figure :

The area of the parallelogram ABCD = 24 cr*
t/ \
/\
r then the area of A ABE = """""""' .*? CB

K,
(tr) 24 (b) 12 (c) 8 (d) 6

In the opposite figure :

ABCD is a parallelogram whose

diagonals intersect at M
: B is the midpoint of CE
Prove that : The area of A EBD = The area of A ACD

In the opposite figure :

en ll ec
r D is the midpoint of CE
Prove that :

The area of A AMB = The area of A EMD

In the opposite figure :

ABCisatriangle,DGAC
,EGBC
where the area of A AEC = the area of A BDC
Prove that : Og ll ng

84
 Accumulofive Tests

lbl In the opposite figure :

ABCD is a quadrilateral r X is the midpoint of AD

r Y is the midpoint of BC
where the area of the figure
ABYX = the area of the figure DCYX
Prove that : en rt gC

85
 Choose the correct answer from those given :

E fne area of a rhombus is 30 cm? : the length of one of its diagonals is 6 cm. : then the
length of the other diagonal is ..........'....cm.
(a) 5 (b) 6 (c) 10 (d) 8

iE tre trapezium whose middle base length is 9 cm. and its height is 6 cm. r then its area
is...'......"..." ?

(a) 45 (b) 27 (c) 72 (d) s4

i 1r If the area of a square is 98 cm? r then the length of

its diagonal is ............... cm.
(a) 7 (b) 14 (c) 2t (d) 4e

I The diagonals of the isosceles trapezium are ...............

(a) congruent. (b) perpendicular.

(c) paraliel. (d) bisecting each other.

E ffre trapezium in which the lengths of its two parallel bases are 15 cm. and 11 cm. r its
middle base is of length
(a) 11 cm. (b) 13 cm. (c) 15 cm. (d) 26 cm.

iS-l If tne area of D ABCD = 48 cm? : then the area of A ABC = ......'........
" ?

(a) 96 (b) 48 (c) 24 (d) t2

I If the perimeter of a square is 20 cm. r then its area = ............... ?
"
(a) 20 (b) 2s (c) 50 (d) 100

E fne area of the right-angled triangle in which the lengths of the sides of the right angle
are 6 cm. and 9 cm. equals ............. ?
"
(a) 54 (b) 60 (c) 27 (d) 1s

E tut In the opposite figure :

eO ir a median in AABC
: E is the midpoint of AD
Prove that :

The area of A EBC = 1

,) Th" area of A ABC

86
 Accumulotive Tests

[b] A trapezium whos e areais 450 cm? and the lengths of its two parallel bases arc 24 cm.
,12 cm. Find its height.

ffi tui ABCD is a rhombus whose perimeter is 20 cm. : its diagonals intersect at M and
AC = 8 cm. Find with proof the area of the rhombus ABCD

N
lbl In the opposite figure :
DA
ABCD is a parallelogram in which

The area of A ABM = The area of A DXC CXB

Prove that : tttX I PC

87
 till lesson 1 - unit 5

Choose the correct answer from those given :

If the ratio of enlargement between two similar triangles equals : then the
two triangles are congruent.

(a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 4 (d) 6

4 A rhombus whose diagonals lengths are 6 cm. : 8 cm. and its height is 4.8 cm. r then
its side length is ............... cm.

(a) 10 (b) s (c) 20 (d) t2

The base angles of the isosceles trapezium are'....'.........

(a) congruent. (b) supplementary.

(r:) complementary. (d) different in measure.

., If AABC -
A DEF andAB = { ne : then the perimeter of AABC = ...............
4
the perimeter of A DEF

(tt) 2 (b) 4 (c)

+ @+
', Two similar triangles r the ratio between the lengths of two corresponding sides in
them is 5 :3 t if the perimeter of the greater triangle is 60 cm" r then the perimeter of
the smaller triangle is ....'....."..' cm.

(a) 3 (b) 36 (c) 100 (d) s

at The two similar polygons r their corresponding sides are .....'.....'... in length.
(a) alternate (b) different (c) proportional (d) equal

-z A11 are similar.

(a) triangles (b) squares (c) rhombuses (d) rectangles

,, In the right-angied triangle r the perpendicular from the vertex of the right angle to the
hypotenuse divides the triangie into two triangles.

(a) obtuse-angled (b) acute-angled

(,: ) equilateral (d) similar

A trapezium whose area is 180 cm? r the ratio between the lengths of its two parallel
bases rs 2 : 3 and its height is 72 cm. What is the length of each of them ?

8B
 Accumulotive Tests

[b] In the opposite figure :

m (Z AED) = m (LB)
rAD = 3 cm. rAE = 4.5 cm.
:BD=6cm.
Prove that : A ADE - A ACB and find : rhe length of EC

EB tr; In the opposite figure :

On ttgC , On - (X + 1) cm.
rEC=6cm.:DE=ycm.
:BC = 12cm. rAD = 3 cm. rAE= 2cm.
Find : The value of each of X t !
lbl In the opposite figure :

ABCD and AEFD are two parallelograms

,aEnDe=1x1
Prove that : The area of A ABX = The area of A DFX

(\Y : t) Y
7i / an*1 Y/ (-t J) oq;urfl#l irJ 89
 Accumulative test till lesson 2 - unit 5

@ Choose the correct answer from those given :

gXYZis atriangleinwhich:(XY)2 =(ZY)z + (XZ)z tm(LY) =40"
: then m(LX) = """""""'

(a) 40" (b) 50" (c) 90" (d) 130"

@ The quadrilateral whose area equals half of the square of the length of its diagonal
is . .' .. ..'. .. ..' .

(a) a rhombus. (b) a square. (c) a rectangle. (d) a parallelogram.

@ If each of two polygons is similar to a third polygon r then they are

(a) congruent. (b) similar. (c) equal. (d) otherwise.

E ABCD is a parallelogram whose area is 100 cm? , E e AD and F is the midpoint of

BC , then the areaof A EBF = ..'.......""' cm?
(a) 100 (b) s0 (c) 10 (d) 2s

the perimeter of A LMN

XY ,,xZ
to) (.)(#)' ,,
\dI ZY
NM
''', LM
{a)-

",
E In a triangle r if the sum of the areas of two squares on two sides is equal to the
area of the square on the third side : then the angle opposite to this side
is ..'............ angle.

(a) a right (b) an acute (c) an obtuse (d) a reflex

ED Ioi Two pieces of land have equal &reas : one of them has the shape of a rhombus whose

diagonals lengths are 48 m. and 40 m. and the other one has the shape of a trapezium
whose height is 20 m. and the ratio between the lengths of its two parallel bases is 5 : 7

Find the length of each of them.

[b] ABCD is a parallelogram in which : AB = 8 cm. rAC = 2O cm. and BD = 12 cm.

Prove that : m (Z ABD) = 90o

90
 Accumulotive Tesfs

E tul In the opposite flgure :

ABCD is a quadrilateralin which :

AB - 7 cm.:AD = 15 cm. : BC = 24 cm.

rDC=20cm. tm(LB)=90"
r- Find : The length of AC

@ Prove that : m (Z ADC) = 90'

[b] In the opposite flgure :

aolec
,XeG
where XA = AM

Prove that : The area of AABX = The area of A DCM

91
 lesson

Choose the correct answer from those given :

rThe length of the projection of a line segfiIent on a given straight line ........'..'. ' the

length of the line segment itself.

(a) < (b) > (c) > (d) =

rIl AD ll -XY : then the length of the projection of AD on XY

the length of AD
(a) = (b) > (c) < (d) >

If AB f BC r then the projection of AB on ilc is

ta) AB (b) BC (.) AC (cl) the point B

The projection of the point (5 , - 4) on X-axis is the point "" "" ""
(a) (5 :4) (b)(5,-4) (c) (5 :0) (cl) otherwise

If ABCD is a square r then the projection of AD on Ed t

I, )AB (b) BC (.) CD (d) DA

A rhombus whose diagonals lengths are 6 cm. and 8 cm. r then its perimeter equals
'" "' ' "'cm.
(a) 16 (b)20 (c) 24 (d) 48

TlIf two polygons are similar and the ratio between the lengths of two corresponding
sides is 3 : 5 t then the ratio between their perimeters is """""""'
(a)1:1 (b) 1 :2 (c) 5 :3 (d)3:5
r-r In the opposite figure :

The projection of AB o, ffi

is ....'........'.
(u) BC (b) DC

(ctDg (.1) AD

92
E tut In the opposite figure :

ABCD is a quadrilateral in which m (Z ABD) = 90"

rAB=8cm.:AD= l7 cm. rBC=9cm.
:CD= 12cm.
E Find : The length of the projection of AD o, ffi D l2cn

@ Prove that: m (Z BCD) = 90"

tbl A trapezium whose area is 88 cm? r its height is 8 cm. and the length of one of its

parallel bases is 10 cm.

Find the length of the other base.

E Iul In the opposite figure :

AB = 13 cm.

:BC=5cm.rCD=15crn.
tm(LACB) =m(/- DAC) = 90o
Find by proof : The length of the projection of CD o, ffi
[b] In the opposite flgure :
Prove that: AABE - A CDE
r then find : The length of DE

93
 Accumulative test till Iesson 4 - unit 5

tl Ct oore the correct answer from those given :

[! f, the right-angled triangle r the area of the square on a side of the right angle is equal
to the area of whose dimensions are the length of the projection of this side
on the hypotenuse and the length of the hypotenuse
(a) the square (b) the rhombus
rectangle (c) the (d) the parallelogram

@ ffAnC is a right-angled triangle at B and gD f m, D €76 r then the projection of

BD on Ed i, the point
(a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D

iE In the opposite figure :

AADE-AABC A
r then the ratio of minimizing is
9C scm'
(a) 2: I (b) I :, \
10cm. B
(c) 1 :2 (d)1:3
E fne area of the square whose diagonal length is 8 cm. is ......'.'...'.. cm?

(a) 64 (b) 32 (c) 16 (d) 12

@ fne length of the projection of a line segment on a straight line perpendicular to it is

length unit.
(a) zero (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3

E In the opposite figure :

A ABC is right-angled at B

,gDfAC
r then (AB)2 = AD x ..'........'...
(a) AC (b) DB
(c) BC (d) cD

E tul In the opposite figure :

A ABC is right-angled at A
,AP-l-nC rgP= 16cm.
C 9cm. D
:DC=9cm.
Find : The length of each of AB , AC and AD- and calculate z the areaof A ABC

94
 Accumulofive Tests

lbl fn the opposite figure :

ABC is atiangle in which :

D is the midpoint of AC

r the area of A XBC = I

,2 the area of AABC

Prove that : tr XD llBC

E fne area of A XBM = the area of A DMC

E tut In the opposite figure :

Find : E fne length of the projection of AY on XE

E fne length of each of XF , AF and EY XY
tb] ABCD is an isosceles trapezium in which aO ll gC , if BC =2 AD =20 cm. and its
area is 180 cm?

, flnd the length of each of its legs.

95
 lesson

Choose the correct answer frorn those given :

-i In AABC r if (AB)2 < (AC)2 + @C)2 , then L Cis

(a) obtuse. (b) acute. (c) right. (d) straight.

In AABC,if (AB)2 = (AC)2 + (BC)2 + 5, then L C rs

(a) acute. (b) right. (r:) obtuse. (d) straight.

, ABC is an acute-angled triangle in which AB = 6 cm. r BC = 8 cm. r then the length of

AC equals'......'.'..... cm.
(a) 2 (b) 6 (c) 10 (d) 14

The triangle whose side lengths are 6 cm. : 11 cm. and 8 cm. is . .............

1 ') acute-angled. i',) right-angled. (',1 obtuse-angled. (ri) otherwise.

A triangle whose side lengths are 3 cffr. t 4 cm. and 5 cm. : its area =
(a) 12 cmz. (c) 6 cm? (d) ) cm:^
XYZ rs a triangle in which XY = 3 cm. tYZ = 4 cm.
and LXYZTs an obtuse angle : thenXZ =...............cm.
(a) 8 (b) 7 (c) 6 (d) s

A rhombus whose perimeter is 40 crn. and the length of one of its diagonals is 12 cm.>
then the length of the other diagonal is ............... cm.

(a) 16 (b) r20 (c) 360 (d) 18

In AABC , if (AB)2 = GC)2 + (AC)2 and m (LB) =2m(L A)

r then m (Z A) = ....... ....... o

(a) 30 (b) 4s (c) 60 (d) e0

Determine the angle which has the smallest measure in the triangle ABC where
AB = 7 cm. : BC = 8 cm. and AC = 10 cm. and determine the type of the triangle
according to its angles.

It)l A rhombus : the ratio between the lengths of its two diagonals is 3 : 4 and its area is

54 cm?

Find the length of each of its diagonals.

96
 Accumulotive Tests

E tul In the opposite figure :

m(LB)= 90o : DE f AC
rAB =7 cm. tBC=24cm.

:AD = 15 cm. r DC = 20 cm.

I Prove that : m (Z ADC) = 90'

@ Find : The length of the projection of AD on AC

[b] Two similar triangles : side lengths of one of them are 3 cm. t 4 cm. r 5 cm. and the
perimeter of the other is 36 cm.

Find the side lengths of the other.

(\Y ,l) Y 1i / ,s:t*!Y/ (oLil) or*:urgldl i-rJ 97

 .,

Monthly Tests

:l
 Mqrch Tests

Answer the following questions :

Etffi l-
I

GJ
rotal Mark
I

tl Ctroose the correct answer from the given ones : (3 Marks)

@ The area of the rhombus of diagonal lengths 6 cm. r 8 cm. is ............... cm3
(a) 48 (b) 14 (c) 24 (d) 28
@ The area of a rectangle is 40 cm? and its length 8 cm. r then its width ............... cm.
(a) 32 (b) s (c) 48 (d) 320

@ If the lengths of two adjacent sides of a parallelogram are 10 cm. : 8 cm. and the
smaller height 4 cm. r then its area equals .'...'.....'...
"*3
(a) 32 (b) 40 (c) 5 (d) 36

I Complete: (3 Marks)
@ Surfaces of two parallelograms with common base and between two parallel straight
lines r one is carrying this base are .'.'.'...'....,
@A square of area 50 cm? r then its diagonal length equal ............... cm.

E In the opposite figure :

In A ABC : D is the midpoint of BC

r the area of AABD = 10 cm3

: then the area of AABC = .....'....'.... cm3

E L the opposite figure : (2 Marks)

ABCD r EBCF are two parallelograms
,eEnCD={r-},D€AF
,EeAF
Prove that : The area of AABL = the area of A FCL

m
E f, the opposite figure : (2 Marks)
ABCD is a quadrilateral: its diagonals intersect at M A
,EeBMwhereME=MD
r the area of AAMB = the area of A CME
Prove that : AO ll gC CB

99
 Geometry

Answer the foll,owing questions :

@a
tl Choose the correct answer from the given ones : (3 Marks)

[] The area of triangle = ............... of the length of the base x its corresponding height.

@)+ (b) + (c) twice (d)

+
-)

[ql If the lengths of the two parallei bases of atrapezium are 15 cm. r 11 cm. : then the
length of its middle base is """ "" "' cm.
(a) 4 (b) 26 (c) 13 (d) 12

@ The ratio between the area of the triangle and the area of the parallelogram which have
a common base and between two parallel straight lines is
(a) 1 :3 (b) 2:4 (c) 2: I (d)1:1

(3 Marks)
B Complete :

Ei The area of the parallelogram = """""""' x "" """ "

I?l If ABCD is a paralielogram of area 100 , ? ,E e AD r then the area of
A EBC = ..'....." '

[{Arhombusof area 30cm?' andsideiength6cm. :thenitsheightequals........'.'....cm.

E fn the opposite figure

_XNI
: (2 Marks)

BC,ACNBD={M}
, E is the midpoint of BC
Prove that :

The area of the figure ABEM = the area of the figure DCEN4

(2 Marks)
E fn the opposite figure :

ABCD is a rectangle rABEF is a parallelogram

,DGCF,EECF,XEBE
;AB = 4 cm.: BC = 10 cm.
Find:
f Area of D ABEF

@ Area of A XAF

100
 AprilTests

Answer the following qwestions :

tl Choor" the correct answer frorn the given ones : (3 Marks)

E fne two triangles are similar if the corresponding are proportional.
(a) sides (b) angles (c) vertices (d) diagonals
E fne length of the projection of a line segment on a given straight line ....'.'........ the
length of the original line segment.
(a) > (b) < (c) > (d) =
D
E fn the oppoiste figure :

IfAABC-ADEF
: then the perimeter of A DEF =.............'. cm. F EC 5cm. B
(a) 10 (b) 12 (c) 24 (d) 26

fl Complete: (3 Marks)
f In triangle r if the square of the length of a side is equal to the sum of the squares of
a
the lengths of the other two sides r then .........."...

EABCO is a rectangle : then the projection of AC on Ed is ...............

E If two polygons are similar and the ratio between the lengths of two corresponding
sides is 5 : 8 : then the ratio between their perimeters is ...............

E f, the opposite figure : (2 Marks)

ABCD is a quadrilateral t m (L B) = 90'
rAB = J cm. : BC = 24 cm. r CD = 20 cm. :DA= 15 cm.

f Find : The lengrh of AC

@ Prove that : m (l- D) = 90o

E L the opposite figure : (2 Marks)

m (Z B) =n(LACD) = 90"
Find : f fne projection of AD- on eB
@ffre projection of AC on 6
@rne projection of AC orEE

101
 @a
Geometry

Answer the following questions :

(3 Marks)
fl Choose the correct answer from the given ones :

lI The projection of a ray on a straight line not perpendicular to it is """""""'

segment.
(a) a line (b) a ray.

(c) a straight line. (d) a point.

EA11 are similar.

(a) rohmbuses (b) triangles (c) rectangles (d) squares

E tf tne enlargement ratio of two simlilar polygons is .........'...'. r then the two polygons
are congruent.

(a) 1 (b) 2

(c) 0.5 (d) otherwise

I Complete : (3 Marks)

',|In the opposite figure :

If AABC - AAXY :AX = BX = 4 cm.

r BC = 10 cm. r then XY = """""""' cm.

[?] If A C BC r then the projection of A o, ffi is """""""'

@ In LXYZ, (XY)2 - (YZ)z = (xz)z tthenm (L = 90o

E fn the opposite figure : (2 Marks)

m (L AF,D) = m (LB) rAD = 3 cm.

rAE= 4.5cm. rBD=6cm.
It lProve that : AABC - AAED
:e
Find : The length of EC

El rn AABC rAB = 4.5 cm. :

BC =7.5 cm. r AC = 6 cm. (2 Marks)
Prove that : ABC is a right-angled triangle.

102
lmportant Questions
on Geometry

@d
S'6
t \r, ,z
Il lf the base length of a parallelogram is 7 cm. and the coresponding height is 4 cm.
r then its area equals
(a) 11 cm? b) M cm? (c)22 cm? (d) 28 cm?

E mthe area of a parallelogram is 35 cm? and the length of one of its sides is 7 cm.
: then the corresponding height to this side is ' ....."..cm.

(a) 10 (b) s (c) 7 @+

@ ffre area of the parallelogram in which the lengths of two adjacent sides are 5 cm.
andl cm.and its smaller height is 4 cm. equals """""""'
"*?
(a) r20 (b) 28 (c) 35 (d) 20

E tf thelengthsof twoadjacentsidesof aparallelograrflare6cm. andT cm.andits greater

. .."t*
(a) 30 (b) 3s @) a2 (d) 4e

E tf the lengths of two adjacent sides of a paralielogram are 9 cm. and 6 cm. and its smaller
height is 4 cm. r then its greater height is """""""' cm.

(a) 36 (b)24 (c) t2 (d) 6

@ 1'ne area of a triangle is ............... the area of a parallelogram if they have a common base

lying on one of two parallel straight lines including them.

(a) equal to (b) half (c) twice (d) quarter

fl fne ratio between the area of the parallelogram and the arca of the triangle whose base is
common and are included between two parallel straight lines equals """""""'
(a) 7 :2 (b)1:3 (c)2:l (d)2:3

@ tf enCD is a parallelogram €AD : the area of A EBC = 35 cm?

rE

: then the area of D t\F;Cp = """""'""

2.

"
(a) 35 (b) 70 (c) t7 (d) 17.s

104
 lmportont Questions

E ln the opposite figure ;

\r
If ABCD is a parallelogram :
its area =24 cm?

: then the area of A ABE - ..........-...

"
? C B
(a) 24 (b) 12 (c) 8 (d) 6

@ ffr" ftiangle whose base length is 12 cm. and its area is 48 cm?: then the corresponding
height is ...............

(a) 3 cm. (b) 4 cm. (c) 6 cm. (d) 8 cm.

[E tf the area of a triangl e is 24 cm? andits height is 8 cm. r rhen the length of the
corresponding base is ....,".'..'... cm.

(a) 16 (b) 6 (c) 3 (d) 2

tEffr"areaof therectanglewhosedimensions are6cm.and4cm................theareaof the

triangle whose base length is 12 cm. and its corresponding height is 4 cm.

(a) < (b) > (c) = (d) +

tE ffr" median of a triangle divides its surface into two triangular surfaces

(a) congruent. (b) equal in area. (c) similar. (d) coincide.

IE egc is a triangle in which D is the midpoinr of BC : then a ABDr A ACD are ...............

(a) similar. (b) equal in area.

(c) congruent. (d) allthe previous.

IE In the opposite figure :

The area of A AED = .'' '.. '........ the area of A ABC

rilL o)+
r") I (d)
+

@ tf ABCD is a parallelogram whose area is 100 cm? , E eAD r F is the midpoint of BC

: then the area of A EBF = ....".........
"*?
(a) 100 (b) s0 (c) 10 (d) 2s

(\t: t) Y pi / aJ*;!Y/ (oU) oU;urrr<hdl ut, 105

 Geometry

[B t" the opposite figure :

If the area of A ABC = the area of A DBC

r then

(u) As ll CD (b) AB = CD

(") AD llBC (d) AD = BC

@ fne area of the square whose diagonal length is 6 cm. equals ....."""""
"*?
(a) t2 (b) 18 (c) 24 (d) 36

IE ff the area of a square is 50 cm? : then its diagonal length is """""""'

(a) 5 cm. (b) 10 cm. (c) 20 cm. (d) 25 cm.

@ fn" area of the rectangle whose dimensions are 5 cm. and 3 cm. is ...'....'.....' cm?
(a) 8 (b) 16 (c) 15 (d) 2

E lrhombus whose diagonal lengths are 6 cm. and 8 cm. I then its area is """""""' cm?
(a) 14 (b) 24 (c) 28 (d) 48

@ Xrhombus whose diagonal lengths are 6 cm. and 8 cm. : and its height is 4.8 cm.
r then its side length is """""""' cm.

(a) 10 (b) s (c) 20 (d) 12

@ ffre diagonals of the isosceles trapezium are ' '.. ',... ' '....

(a) congruent. (b) perpendicular.

(c) parallel. (d) bisecting each other.

@ T'ne trapezium in which the lengths of its two parallel bases are 6 cm. and 8 cm. r its
middle base is of length
(a) 7 cm. (b) 6 cm. (c) 14 cm. (d) 24 cm.

@ ffre fiapeziumin which the lengths of its two parallel bases are 8 cm. and 12 cm' ' its
height is 6 cm. r then its area is ...'..'........ cm?
(a) 120 (b) 120 (c) 60 (d) 72

@ a ffapezitmits area is 48 cm? and its height is 6 cm. r then its middle base
is of length "......"""' cm.
(a) 6 (b) 8 (c) 3 (d) 28

106
 lmportont Questions

Second I Complete questions

f! tf ABCD is a parallelogram in whichAB = 5 cm. and BC = 10 cm. and its smaller height
is 4 cm. r then its greater height is ...............

E n the opposite figure

ABCD is a parallelogram
of area '......."...'. r*?
:

m
/la
tn/
CEB
+8cm.+
DA

/
t! So.fu""s of two parallelograms with coflrmon base and between two parallel straight lines:
onp is carrying this baser are ...............

E fn" area of a parallelogram is 48 cm2. and its base length is 12 cm. r then the
corresponding height to this base is ............... cm.

El fne area of a triangle is equal to half of the area of a parallelogram if they have a common
and lying on ,,.............

E a triangle has a base of length 8 cm. and its corresponding height is 5 cm.
r its area is ............... cm?

E n triangle is of area 15 crt and one of its heights is 3 cm. r then the length
of its corresponding base is ............... cm.

E tf egCD is a parallelogram its area is 100 cm? : then the area of AABC = ...............
"*2.
f,t fne two triangles drawn on a coflrmon base and their vertices are located on a straight line
parallel to this base are

@ triangles with congruent bases and drawn between two parallel straight lines are

III tf two triangles are equal in area and drawn on the same base and on one side of it:
then ...............

@ l'.rhombus whose diagonal lengths are 10 cm. and 6 cm. r then its area is . ...... . cm?

@ lrhomUus whose side length is 12 cm. and its height is 8 cm. : then its area is ............... cm?

@ fne area of a rhombus is 24 cm?: the length of one of its diagonals is 6 cm.
: then the length of the other diagonal is ............... cm.

tEl tf tfr" perimeter of a rhombus is 20 cm. and its height is 6 cm. r then its area is ............... cm?

107
 Geometry

iE ff the perimeter of a square is 20 cm. : then its area is ' cm?

[E fn" area of a square ts32cm? rthen its diagonal length is """"" "" cm.

@fn"height of atrapeziumis5cm.anditsareais 30cm? rthenthelengthof itsmiddle

base is ............... cm.

[Et fn" length of the micldle base of atrapeziumis 7 cm. , its area is 35 cm?
r then its height is ............... cm.

E0 ff," area of atrapeziumis 108 ,the length of one of its parallel bases is 15 cm. and its
"*?
cm.

I f inO the area of the parallelogram in which the lengths of two adjacent sides are 6 cm. and
8 cm. and its greater height is 5 cm.

El fn the opposite figure :

E
ABCD is a parallelogram : AB = 12 cm.
rBC=18cm.rDX=10cm.
Find : E ffre
Efne
fn the opposite figure
area of
length of DY
D

:
ABCD NI -l8cm.-

ABCD is a rectangte , AB ll Pf
,E€Bd,Fe Bd
Prove that :

The area of the figure ABCM = the area of the figure DMEF

E fn the opposite figure :

ffittffi,xe AE,Y€AB
: XDEY is a rectangte , A.O ll gE

:DE=72cm.:YE=24cm.
Find : The area of the figure ABED

108
 Irnportont Questions

E L the opposite figure :

ABZF is a rectangle
: ABCD : AMEF are two parallelograms

Prove that :

The area of D ABCD = the area of D AMEF

E l, the opposite figure :

OV tteC , eX = YC
Prove that :
The area of A BDX = the area of A AYD

E L the opposite figure : DEA

ABCD is a parallelogram whose area is 4O cm?
r F is the midpoint of EC, E
Find : The

ABCD r AEFD
area of A BEF

tr In the opposite figure :

CAD

are two parallelograms

"ry
,eBnDd=1x1
Prove that :

The area of A ABX = the area of A DFX

E I" the opposite flgure :

ABCD is a rectangle
r AFEB is a parallelogram
rAB=3cm.rBC=10cm.
Find by proof : The area of A AFX

IE I., the opposite figure :

EE rrfiE,xcEf ,yeEE
r EDXY is a rectangte , RO l/ gB
:ED=3cm.rEY=10cm.
Find by proof : The area of A ADB

109
 Geometry

tE r" the opposite frgure :

ABCD : ABMN are two Parallelograms

Prove that :

Theareaof AEBC = |theareaof DABMN

tE l,
7rP
the opposite figure
ll eC
Prove that :
:

The area of AAMB = the area of A DMC

[E fn the opposite figure :

w
D is the midpoint of BC

'EeAD
Prove that :
L,
The area of AAEB =the arcaof AAEC

m
IE fn the opposite figure :
-AD
lleC , g is the midpoint of BC
Prove that :

@ The area of A AMB = the area of A DMC

@ The area of the figure ABEM = the area of the figure DCEM

[E L the opposite figure :

XO IIBC , AC N BD = {M}
rBX=YC
Prove that :

The area of the figure ABXM = the area of the figure DCYM

tE fn the opposite figure :

ABCD is a parallelogram
,E CeE such that BC = BE
Prove that :

The area of A FEC =the areaof D ABCD

110
 lmportont Questions
lE I" the opposite figure :

ABC is a triangle , X CAB

,YCAC TMCBC ,Xy tteC

A
Prove that : The area of the figure AXMY = the area of AAXC

tE In the opposite figure :

ABCD is a quadrilateral in which , eO / eC
,EeBE,ACnno=1rra1
,WC ttOn
Prove that : The area of A AMB = the area of A MCE

[E f, the opposite figure :

IO IIBC , AC N BD = {M}
: D is the midpoint of EC
Prove that :

The area of A MDE = the area of A AMB

l[t Ir the opposite figure :

ACNBD={M}
t the area of A ABM = the area of A DCM

Prove that : aD / eC
/X\
2-\
CB

El f, the opposite figure :

ABCisatriangle rDCAB
,EeAC
: Such that the area of AABE = the area of AACD
Prove that: Og ttnC

A
@lnthe opposite figure :

ABCD is a quadrilateral
inwhich : XO ttgC ,BCBd
)tY7^
, AC n BD = {M} , the areaof AABM = the area of A ECM
Prove that : Oe I Id
111
 Geometry

EE fn the opposite figure :

ABCD is a quadrilateral whose diagonals intersect at M ffiZ
,E CBM where ME = MD

r the area of A AMB = the of A CME

/ rx"-I
area
/\
CB
Prove that : dA ttE;C

@ ninO the diagonal length of the square whose area is 18 cm?

@ A rhombus : the product of its two diagonal lengths \s 12 cm? and its height is 9 cm.
, find its side length.

@ *-* ** ** *gths of its two diagonals is 5 : 8 r if its area = 20OO cmZ.

^ "r"
find the length of each of its diagonais.
:

EEl ancn is a rhombus whose diagonals intersect at M : if AB = 13 cm. , AC = 10 cm'

r find the area of the rhombus ABCD

@ ffre length of the middle base of atrapeziamis 9 cm. and its height is 6 cm.
Find its area.

@ A ffapezitmwhose is 180 cm? : the ratio between the lengths of its two parallel bases
area
rs 3 : Z and its height is 12 cm. What is the length of each of the parallel
bases ?

E0 fn the opposite frgure :

ABCD is a trapezium in which
eOtiBCrDEfBC:AD=7cm.
r BC = 12 cm. tm(L C) = 45"

Find : The area of the ttaPeziumABcD

-\Zcm.-

112
 lf tf two polygons are similar r then their coresponcling angles are ............... in measure.
(a) equal (b) dilferent (c) proportional (d) alternate

E aff regular poiygons of the same number of sides are ...............

(a) congruent. (b) similar.
(c) equal in area. (d) all the a previous.

E AU are similar.
(a) triangles (b) squares (c) rhombuses (d) rectangles

E tr the ratio of enlargement between two similar polygons equals r then the two
polygons are congruent.
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 0.5 (d) 0.2s

@ fne tr,vo polygons similar ro a rhird polygon are ...............

(a) congruent. (b) equal in area. (c) similar. (d) coincide.

E tf two polygons are similar and the ratio between the lengths of two corresponding sides
is 3 : 5 r then the ratio between their perimeters is
(a) 1:1 (b)t:2 (c) 25 :9 (d)3:5
I fwo polygons are similar and the ratio between the lengths of two corresponding sides is
I : 3 t if the perimeter of the larger polygon is 45 cm. : then the perimeter of the smaller
polygon is ............... cm.
(a) 15 (b) 30 (c) 25 (d) 10

@ rne two triangle.s are similar if their corresponding side 1engths are ...............
(a) unequal. (b) proportional. (c) equal. (d) parallel.

[t ffre perpendicular segment drawn from the right angle of a triangle to the hypotenuse
divides it into two ............... triangles.
(a) congruent (b) acute-angled
(c) siurilar (d) obtuse-angled

(\o lr) y
1i / u,n*!y/ (o,) opr*rFldlL6 113
 Geometry

ffii IraABc-aDEF,AB= 1r,

I then the perimeter of A ABC =
............... the perimeter of A DEF

(a') 2 (b) 4 r") * @+

E rr Lxyz_ A DEF tm(LX) = 40o and the ratio between the lengths of two
corresponding sides rs2l: \ : then m(LD) = """""""'

(a) 20" (b) 80' (c) 40" (d) 180"

ffi t" the opposite figure :

AADE-AABC
: then the ratio of minimizing is
2:1
(a) (b) 1 : 1

{c)7:2 (d)1:3

lE Ir LXYZ-AABC ,m(LY) =60" ; m(L c) =40" rthen m(Lx)= '

(a) 80" (b) 40" (c) 100" (d) 120"

Z B is
@ nnC is atriangle in which : (AB)2 + (BC)2 = (AC)2 I then

(a) acute. (b) obtuse. (c) right' (d) reflex.

ffi fne length of the projection of a line segment on a given srtraight line .....'......'.. the length
of this line segment.
(a) > (b) > (c) = (d) <

[D tf the projection of a line segment on a straight line is a point

: then the line segment the straight line.

(a) ll (b) I (c) = (d) >

@ If en f BC r then the projection of AC on BC is

(u) Ae (b) BC (.) ac (d) {A}

[E f, the opposite figure :

A
The projection of ae on Ed
is ...............
/\,
(a) BC o) DC c------------D---
(.,l DB (d) AD

114
 lmportonf Questions

lE tt xattxY,thenthelengthof theprojecrionof ABori? thelengrhof AB

(a) > (b) < (c) = (d) >

@ IABC is right-angled at B, no -l AC , then the projection of no on Ed i,

(a) {A} ru) {B} (c) {c} (d) {D}
?i lt Ats n tD = 1x1 : AB = 6 cm. r rhen the lengrh of the projection of eg on tD
is not equal to .,,,....,,..... cm"
(a)6 (b)3 (c) 2 (d) s

@ rrancD is a square : then the projection of AD on Edi'

(u) Ae (b) BC (c) Co (d) DA-

E f, the opposite figure :

ABCD is a rectangle
r then the projection of eC
is...............
(u) oC
",
tB

(b) AD (.) BC
Z
CB
(d) AC

@tneprojection of the poinr (- 3 :5) on the y-axis is ...............

(a) (0 ,5) (b) (s ,0) (c)(0,-3) (d) (- 3 ,0)

@ ffre area of the square on a side of the right angle in the right-angled triangle is equal to
the area of the whose dimensions are the length of the projection of this side on
the hypotenuse and the length of the hypotenuse.
(a) square (b) rectangle (c) rhombus (d) parallelogram

EEt t, AABC , if (AC)2 < (AB)2 + GC)2 , rhen z B is

(a) acute. (b) right. (c) obtuse. (d) straight.

El tna ABC , if (AB)2 > GC)2 + (AC)2 , then L C is

(a) acute. (b) right. (c) obtuse. (d) straight.

@ AnC is a triangle in which m(L A) = 90o , AO J- BC , then (AB)2 = ...............

(a) AB x DC (b) CD x BD (c) BD x BC (d) CD x CB

@ tf anC is a triangle in which : (AC)2 - (CB)2 = (AB)2

tthen L B is...............
(a) acute. (b) straight. (c) obtuse. (d) right.

115
 Geornetry

E0 trrAABC tif LAcomplements LC

: then (Aq2 (AB)2 + (BC)2

(a) > (b) < (c) = (d) >

@ tfr" triangle whose side lengths are 13 cm. r lL cm. t20 cm. is
(a) right-angled. (b) obtuse-angled.

(c) acute-angled. (d) isosceles.

@ ITAABC rifAB =6cm. : BC=8cm.:AC= 10cm. rthen m(L'.....""""')=90'

(a) A (b) B (c) c (d) D

@ traABC is an obtuse-angled triangle atAin whichAB = 7 cm. rAC = 8 cm.

r then BC may be equal to """""""' cm.
(a) 5 (b) 7 (c) 8 (d) 13

@ t, AABC, if (Aq2 + (BC)2 = (AB)2 - 3 : then L C rs

(a) acute. (b) right. (c) straight. (d) obtuse.

EEt In AABC, if (AC)2 + (BC)2 = (AB)2 + 5 : then L Cis

(a) acute. (b) obtuse. (c) right. (d) straight.

Second I Gomplete questions

I fne two triangles ale similar if the corresponding are proportional.

I T'ne two triangles ,]re similar if the corresponding are congruent.

E! If the ratio of enlargement between two similar triangles equals one : then the two
triangles are ...............

E fWosimilartriangles:thesidelengthsof oneof themare3cm. r5cm. t7 cm.andthe

perimeter of the other is 75 cm. : then the side lengths of the other triangle
a,fe..........'...' Cm. r............... CffI. r """""""' Cm'

E ITAABC -. L,XYZ rm(LA) =70' t m(LZ)=50" :thenm(z B) =

E tf AABC-ADEF tm(LB)+m (LC) =80o rthenm(ZD)=

E tTAABC rif (AC)2+(AB)2-(BC)2 =zero:then m(L.........,.....) =90"

116
 lmportont Questions

E Ir the point lies on the straight line : then its projection on it is .,....,....,,..

E lree r BC, then the projecrion of en on Ed i,

@ fne length of the projection of a line segment on a straight line parallel to it............... the
length of the main line segment.

lll ffre projection of the point (5 , - 4) onthe X-axis is the point

@ fne projecrion of the point (0 :3) on the X-axis is the poinr

tE f" the opposite figure :

aornc
f ffre projection of AC o, ffi is ...............

@ fne projection of aO on Ed is ...............

tE f*, the opposite figure :

ABC is a triangle in which :

AB=AC=5cm.:BC=6cm.
: then the length of the projection

of AB o., ffi = ............... cm.

[E ff the line segment is perpendicular to a straight line r then the length of i,, p-;*i,rr, *
this straight line equals ............... length unit.

tE lf the length of Ae = X t the length of the projection of AB on rhe ;;tgn, ,t";:;

,rhen*=t .......) l
@ ff,e area of the square on a side of the right angle in the righrangleO triungfJffiuf to
the area of the rectangle whose dimensions are ............... , ...............

A
IE ro the opposite figure :
A
ABC is a right-angled triangle atA
,aOfeC
r then AD x = ...'........'.. x ............... CDB

117
 Geometry

ffil fn the opposite figure :

ABC is a right-angled triangle at B : gD f AC

f!ffre projection of AB on 16 is """ """'

a-?i (AB)2 = AD x ..'......" " "
x . '..'.. ......
[sJ GD)2 = AD

a4 GC)2 = cD x """""""'
'5]AABC-A ... ..-A
E0 tn A ABC, if (AB - BC) (AB + BC) > (A6;2, then the type of L Cis ..........'....

E t, AABC, if (AB)2 - 1gC)2 = (AC)2 and m (LB) = 40" : then m (l- A) = " """"""o
Third

Il Ir the opposite figure :

The figure ABCD - the figure XYZL
Calculate:tlm(ZBCD)
Z 2.4cm.Y C Scm
z The length of, XI-

El k, the opposite figure :

ATeAABC r LXYZsimilar?
x
With the reason.
-ils
oz. .Y

El fn the opposite figure :

xz tt xc
,XY tt lS
Prove that :

AABC - AXYZ

E fn the opposite figure : A\

//\\
ABC is a triangle in which : AB = 5 cm'
rBC= 6 cm. rAC = 4cm. rAD = 3 cm. ;"i4\#.
//-'\
[]Prove that : AADE ^- AABC
a Find : The length of each of nf , ag

118
 lmporfont Questions
E t, the opposite figure :
ABC is a right-angled triangle at B rAB = 8 cm.
: BC = 6 cm. : D is the midpoint of Ag , On f aC

@ Prove that : AABC - AAED

@ fina : The length of each of aC , OB

El r, the opposite fiigure :

DZ )EY = {X}, On tt yz rxy= 18 cm.

tXZ = 15 cm. tYZ = 2l cm. r DX = 5 om.
f Prove that : A DEX - LZYX
E fina : The length of each of OB , Xg
Ek the opposite figure :

XOttgC rap =4cm. rAE=3cm.

rDE=2cm.rBC=8cm.
fProvethat:AAED-ACEB
E fina : The perimeter of A EBC
Ek the opposite figure :

AD = 4 cm. : DE = 5 cm. :AE = 6 cm.

rBC= 10cm. tm(LADE) =m(LC)
EProvethat: AADE-AACB
E fina : The length of each of gD , EC

El I" the opposite figure :

D4.5cm. A
AB = 72 cm. : BC = 18 cm. :AD = 4.5 cm.
:AC=9cm. rDC=6cm.
Provethat:EAegC-ADCA
tI eo ll sc
tEt fn the opposite figure :

ABDC is a quadrilateralin which :

m(LBAC) = 90o rAB = 3 cm. rAC = 4 cm.

:BD=13cm.:CD=12cm.
Prove that : m (Z BCD) = 90o Q 4cm. A

119

t:
 Geornetry

t[ Ir, the opposite ligure :

m (Z ABC) = 90o :AB = 5 cm.

rAC=13cm.rCD=9cm.
rBD=15cm.
T'Find : The length of BC
@Prove that : m (Z BCD) = 90"

lE L the opposite figure :

ABC is a triangle , eO f nC

,BD = 2 cm. r CD = 8 cm. rAD = 4 cm.

DR
cnr.
Prove that : m (Z BAC) = 90o
I

[E tn the opposite figure :

XO tteC ,Rg = 13 cm. : BC = 5 cm.

: CD = 15 cm. tm(L ACB) =m(L DAC) = 90o

Find : lI fne length of the projection of Ag on ffi

[4 fne length of the projection of CD o, 16 C s",r,. B

[4 fn the opposite figure :

AtsC is a triangle in which :

AB=AC=5cm. rBC=6cm.
Find : [! fne length of the projection of ae on Ed
[ :JThe area of A ABC

lE f, the opposite figure :

m(ZB)=m(LC)=90"
D
rAB = 15 cm. :AD = 10 cm.
;
:DC=9cm.
Find : The length of the projection of AO on Ed

[E m the opposite figure :

ABC is a right-angled triangle at A
, an I gC, gO = 16 cm. :DC = 9 cm.
Find : The length of each of ae , AC' , AD

120
 lmportant Questions
lE l, the opposite figure :

ABC is a right-angled triangle at B

eC ,Rg = 16 cm. rAC = 20 cm.
, nO ]-
Find : @fne length of BC
@ fne length of the projection of An on id
[E l, the opposite figure :

A DBA- AABC t m (LBAC) = 90o

Prove that : AO f gC
IfAB=8cm. rAC=6cm. CD
r find : E ttre length of BC @ The length of the projection of en on Ed
@ ffre lengrh of an

tEl f., the opposite figure :

m(ZABC)=90o,gXf AC
rAX=2cm.rBX=4cm.
Find : The length of XC

E0 f, the opposite figure :

OPf AB rm(ZABC)=90o:AD= 12cm.

rAC = 17 cm. rBC = 8 cm. rDB = 9 cm.
@ Prove that : m (Z ADB) = 90'
@ F'ind : The length of DE
E Find : The length of the projection of AO on IE
El ffAg :
= 6cm. BC = 8 cm. r AC =9 cm. rdeterminethetypeofthetriangleABC
according to its angles.

@ IlBCis atriangleinwhich :AB = 10cm. : AC=6cm. : BC= g cm.

Prove that : The triangle is righrangled.

@ Identify the type of LB in AABC : if AB =7 cm. r BC = 12 cm. r AC = g cm.

Determine the type of the triangie according to its angles.

@ D"t"r-ine the type of the greatest angle in A ABC where AB = g cm. : BC = 6 cm.
rAC=5cm.

E agcpis aparallelograminwhich : BC=6cm. r DC =4cm. : AC= g cm.

Determine the type of the triangleABC according to its angles.

(\1 : t) I 7* / tstlo! Y/ (ot J) c,f*;urfrqldl ;-tJ 121

A,N
trL (ry\
\b-
 Geometry

L,I
Surfaces of two If AF II BC, BC i, U

parallelograms with common base r then :

L2
common base and between C cn.r,nu t r." B
The area of D ,\BCD
two parallel straight lines : LrJ
= the area of D EBCF
one is carrying this base r
are equal in area.
L2
CB
Cornmon base

The parallelograms with bases

L1 If AF ll BZ ;BC =YZ
equal in length and lying on
r then :
a stoaight line : while the
opposite sides to these bases
L2 The area of D ABCD
are on another straight liner = the area of D XYZF
are equal in area.

The parallelogram and the

If AF llBC rBCisa
rectangle with common common base r then :

base and between two The area of D ABCD

parallel straight lines are
= the area of rectangle
equal in area. EBCF

123
\
 Geometry

<+ €
Two triangles which have If AD IIBC IBC
the same base and the is a common base
vertices opposite to this base r then :

on a straight line parallel to The area of A ABC

Conrmon base
the base have the same area. = the area of A DBC

If two triangles are equal in area and drawn on the same base and on one side of it r

then their vertices lie on a straight line parallel to this base.

Triangles of bases equal in If Lr llL, tBC = EF = XM

length and lying between r then :

two parallel straight lines The area of A ABC

are equal in area.
= the area of A DEF
=the area of A YXM

The median of a triangle If AD is a median in

divides its surface into two AABC r then :
triangular surfaces equal in
The area of AABD
afea,
= the area of A ACD
=4
1

,2 the area of A ABC

Triangles with congruent If AAABN r DCN are

bases on one straight line common in the vertex N
and have a coflrmon vertex , AB and 5 ut" on the
are equal in areas. same straight line rAB = CD
r then :

The area of A ABN

= the area of A CDN

124

-ql
_/. 1
 Finol Revision

Area of a triangle is rfECm,M//fr.,

equal to half of area of a
parallelogram if they have a SC ir a common base r
EDA
common base lying on one
of two parallel straight lines
including them.
#
\>( /
\/ \ /
then : The area of A BEC
= | me area of D ABCD

Comon base

The figure - perimeter

The The area

The sum of lengths of thebase length x its corresponding

T[iangle
ofits three sides
I
height= l.xn
f
/ The sum of lengths of
Parallelogram The base length x its corresponding
two adjacent sides x2
=z(\+lz) height =l.rxhr=Lrxh,
_t_ I
2 (Length + Width) Length x Width
Rectangle I

w
I
=2( + w)
=l.x*
* t*
Square r2
Z) Sidelength x4=41 or j
'
Square of side length= L2
of the square of its diagonal length
-z'
-Lr2
Side length x height - l- xh
Rhombus Side length x 4 :4 or theproduct of the lengths of rhe
L
I
twodiagonals =|,,*r,
* lr* 1
2
the sum of lengths of the two parallel
bases x height
The sum of lengths
Thapezium
of its sides | rlr+ L; xn
=
or the length of the middle base x height
-Lxh

In the isosceles trapezium : @ ffre two base angles of it are equal in measure.
@ fne two diagonals of it are equal in length.
 Geometry

Fifth

It is said that the two polygons @ ffreir corresponding

are similar if the following two angles are equal
conditions are verified together. in measure.

It is said that the two triangles are @ treir corresponding

similar if one of the following side lengths are
two conditions is veffied. proportional.

O fn the two similar polygons P, and P, tthe constant ratio among the lengths of the
corresponding sides of P, and P, is called the ratio of enlargement or the drawing scaie.
If the constant ratio is :
o Greater than 1 I then the polygon P, is an enlargement to the polygon P,
o Less than 1 : then the polygon P, is amrnrmiztng of the polygon P,
o Equal to 1 r then the polygon P, is congruent to the polygon P,
polygons P, and Prate similar ; then we deduce that :
@tttwo
o Their corresponding angles are equal in measure.
o Their corresponding side lengths are proportional'
i.e.If AABC - A DEF , then :
(1) m (LA)=n(LD) rm (LB)=n(LE) ,m (LC) =m(/ F)
,.. AB BC CA
t-' DE, EF
t rt _
F'D
1.ne order of corresponding vertices should be kept in givin names of similar polygons.
@
polygons are similar but it is not necessary that the similar polygons
@ ffre congruent
are congruent.

O If each of two polygons is similar to a third polygon r then they are similar.
number of sides are similar.
@ e"V two regular polygons of the same
For example : o Any two equilateral triangles are similar.
o AnY two squares are similar r and so on'
if the measure of an acute angle in one of
T'ne two right-angled triangles are similar
@
- them is equal to the measure of an acute angle in the other.
The two isosceles triangles are similar if the measure of an angle in one of them
equals the measure of the corresponding angle in the other.
fne ratio between the perimeters of two similar polygons = the ratio between the
@
- lengths of two corresponding sides.
I
126
 Finol Revision

Sixth
Ina triangle : if the sum of the areas of two squares on two sides is equal to the area of the
square on the third side : then the angle opposite to this side is a right angle.

We can state this theorem as fbllows :

In a triangle : if the square of the length of a side is equal to the sum of the squares of the
lengths of the other two sides: then the angle opposite to this side is a right angle.

InAABC:
If (AB)2 + (AC)2 = (BC)2
r then : m(L A) = 90"

@ fne projection of a point on a straight line :

' The projection of a point on a straight line is the point of intersection of the
perpendicular segment from this point and the straight line.
o If the point lies on the straight line: its projection on it is the same point.
A
In the opposite figure : t
I
I
I

The projection of the point A on the straight line L is the point A

t<-t____-h*
I
L

r the projection of the point B on the straight line L is the point B

@ The projection of a line segment on a straight line :

o The projection of a line segment on a given straight line is the line segment whose two endpoints
are the projections of the two endpoints of the main line segment on this straight line.
BA A
I

i
BA ,r-t le
----d--+L
The projection The projection The projection The projection The projection
of AB on the of AB on the of AB on the of AB on the of AB on the
straight line L straight line L straight line L straight line L straight line L
isffi is AE is AE is EE is the point C

@ fne length of the projection of a line segment on a given straight line @ the length of
the line segment.

@ ffre projection of a perpendicular line segment to a given straight line is a point : and
in this case the length of the projection = zero

127
 Geometry

The projection of a ray on a straight line:

. The projection of a ray on a straight line not perpendicular to it is a ray C this straight line'
o The projection of a ray on a straight line perpendicular to it is a point belonging to the
straight line.

The projection of a straight line on another straight line :

. The projection of a straight line on a straight line not perpendicular to it is a straight line.
o The projection of a straight line on a straight line pelpendicular to it is the point of
intersection of the two straight lines.

In the right-angled triangle : the area of the square on a side of the ri,eht angle is equal to
the area of the rectangle lvhose dimensions are the length of the pro.iection of this side on
the hypotenuse and the length of the hypotenuse.

In the opposite figure :

If AABC is righrangled atA , AD I BC

: then : (AB)2 = BD x BC r (AC)2 = CD x CB

Summary for the important relations of Pythagoras' theorem and Euclidean theorem

(BC)2=(AB)2+(AC)2 (BA)2=BDxBC (CA)2=CDxCB

(AB)2=(BC)2-(AC)2
(Aq2=(BC)2-(AB)2

(DA)2=DBxDC

128

A
 Finol Revision

Remember classifying triangles according to their angles

. In any triangle ABC r if AC is the longest side r and :

@ fac)2 = (AB)2 + @c)2 r then A ABC is a right-angled at B

@ rrclz > (AB)2 + (BC)2 r then AABC is an obtuse-angled at B

@ faCl2 < (AB)2 + @C)2 : then AABC is an acure-angled.

Generally : to determine the type of the triangle according to its angles r we follow
the
following:
First : we flnd the square of the length of each side of its sides.
Second.' We compare between the square of the length of the longest side of the triangle
and the sum of squares of the lengths of the other two sides.

Third.' we determine the type of the triangle according to the previous.

* To determine the type of an angle in a triangle

r we do the same previous steps with
noticing that the comparison between the square length of the side opposite
to it and the
sum of squares of the other two sides.
\
x rhe greatest angle in measure in the triangie is opposite to the longest side.
* In any triangle r there are two acute angles
at least.

(\V : t) Y
7i / ts>t,tot Y/ (ouJ) or+urfhdl L6 12g
Final Examinations
on Geometry

q-J gji
UrlJle.orl r-lul'd.ol Jdasi roJ

ulc bcgca, JI$rrJ LJ< Ggtr+J

u!r"-,.r.JJ tn4f r,aa &lcPo o
[.f\' - [.ff vrlleJt PL-o-lJ
 Model Exqminotions of the SchooL Book on Geometry

Model I t
Answer the following questions :

tl Comptete the following :

E fn the opposite figure :

ABx =BCxAD
EtnAABC ,if (AO2 + @C)2 = (AB)2 : rhen m(L,............,.) 90"
=
E If tne point A € the line L r then the projection of the point A on the line L is ..,............
[q ]the area of the circle of diameter length 14 cm.is .............. . cm? (n
= ?)
@ A trapezium whose baseslengths are 8 cm. r 10 cm. and its height is 5 cm. r then its
area equals ,.,............ cm.2

ff Choose the correct answer I i

EtnaABC rif (AB)2 > (BC)2 + (AC)2, rhen L C is
(a) acute. (b) right. (c) obtuse. (d) straighr.
@Arhombus whose diagonals lengths are 6 cm. r l0 cm. has area ............... cm?
(a) 60 (b) so (c) ts (d) to
E fne ratio between the lengths of two corresponding sides of two similar polygons is
3 : 5 t then the ratio between their perimeters is ...............
(a) 2: 5 (b)5:3 :5 (c) 3 (d) I :2
Eltf the area of atrapeziumis 100 cm? and its heigh.t is 5 cm. : then the length of irs
middle base equals ............... cm.
(a) zo (b) 30 (c) 4o (d) s0
E enCp is a parallellogram in which m (L A) = 70o r rhen m (L B) = ...............o
(a) 7o (b)rt to (c) 180 (d) 360
@ fne measure of each angle of the regular pentagon is ..............."
(a) 9o (b) tos (c) t2o (d) s40

E tutTheside.lengthsof oneof twosimilartrianglesare3cm. t4cm.rS"rrr.urrO,t"

perimeter of the other triangle is 36 cm. Find the side lengths of the other
triangle.
lbl fn the opposite figure :
ABCD is a parallelogram, X eAB
, Y Cm such that : The area of A CBX = the area of A CyD
Prove that: XV ll gD

131
 Geometry

E tut In the opposite figure :

ABC is a triangle in which : BD = 2 cm.
,CD = 8 cm. rAD = 4 cm., AO I gC p2cm.B

Prove that : rn (Z BAC) = 90"

Dl egCp is a parallelogram in which : AB = 18 cm. and BC = 1.2 cm.

We draw DE I BC, DO I AB :DE = 15 cm'

Calculate the area of the parallelogram ABCD and find the length of DO

E tul ABC is triangle in which m (Z A) = 50o : m(LB) = 60" r

a
Arrange the lengths of the sides of the triangle in a descending order.

lbl In the opposite figure :

ABCD is a quadrilateral in which
fo ttBC , AC n BD = {E}
Prove that : The area of A ABE = the area of A DCE

Model l2
Answer the following questions :

E Comptete the following :

E]1'n" ffio polygons are similar if their corresponding sides are " """""" and their

corresponding angles are """""""'

[elffre area of 24 cm.z : the length of one of its diagonals is 8 cm. I then the
a rhombus rs
length of the other diagonal is """"" "'
i, eltn IABC : if (AB)2 = (AC)2- @C)2 rthen AABC is right-angled
at
iEA triangle whose side lengths are 6 cm. : 8 cm. and 11 cm. : then its type according to
its angles is """""""'
E fne area of a triangle is equal to half of the area of a parallelogram if they have
a colnmon

E Choos" the correct answer :

B Atrapezium whose bases lengths are 6 cm. : 8 cm. : then the length of its middle base
equals """""""'cm.
(a) +s (b) z+ (c) t+ (d) z

E If two polygons are similar and the ratio between the lengths of two corresponding
sides is 1 : 3 and the perimeter of the smaller polygon is 15 cm. r then the perimeter of
the greater polygon is """""""' cm.
(a):o (b) +s (c) oo (d) zs

132
 Finol Exominotions

E If the area of the triangle is 24 cm.z and its height is 8 cm. : then the length of the
corresponding base is ............... cm.

(a) 16 (b) 6 (c) 3 (d) 1.2

E ABC is a righrangled triangle ar B r BD I AC , then the projection of BD o, Ed

is the point

(a) A (b) B (c) c (d) D

@ A square of perimeter 20 cm. r then its area equals ............... crr*
(a) 20 (b) 2s (c) 50 (d) 100 A
@ The number of the triangles
in the opposite flgure equals
(a) 3 (b) 4
(c) 5 (d) 6

E f, the opposite figure :

AOIG,BEIAC
:AC = 10 cm. r BC = 7 cm.andAO = 5 cm.
Find : @ The length of BE

@ The area of AABC

E tut ABCD is a parallelogram in which :AB = 8 cm. rAC = 20 cm.and BD = 12 cm.

Prove that : m (Z ABD) = 90o : then flnd the area of this parallelogram.

[b] In the opposite figure :

ABC is a triangle in which D is the
midpoint of AB r E is the midpoint of AC
Prove that :

f The area of the triangle DBC = the areaof the triangle EBC

tr DE ilBC
E tut In the opposite figure
A DBA is similar to

Prove that : AD
, find : the length of BD
I
:

AABC t m (LBAC) = 90o

BC and if AB = 8 cm. :AC = 6 cm. /l'\
CDB

133
 Geometry

lbl In the opposite figure :

ABC is a triangle , AO I gC

If AD =24 cm. rAB = 26 cm.

andAC = 30 cm.
, find : BC : then calcuiate the area of A ABC

Model for the merge students

Answer the following questions :

tl Choose the correct answer from those given :

f The arca ofthe parallelogram whose length of its base is 6 cm. and its corresponding
height of this base is 4 cm.equals """""" crrt
(a) 12 (b) 20 (c) 24 (d) 48

@ The triangle whose lengths of its sides are 6 cm. , 8 cm. I 10 cm. is """""""'
(a) an acute-angled triangle. (b) a right-angled triangle.

(c) an obtuse-angled triangle. (d) otherwise.

10 cm.
@ The rhombus whose lengths of its diagonals are 6 cm' and
r then its area - """""""'c ?

(a) 60 (b) 30 (c) 15 (d) 10

atea 56
@ The trapeziumof length of its middle base 8 cm. and surface "n*
,

then its height = .........""" cm.

(a) 32 (b) 24 (c) 448 (d) 7

iE A11 are similar.

(a) squares (b) triangles (c) rectangles (d) parallelograms

fl Complete each of the following :

@ The projection of a point on a straight line is

E If the triangle ABC is obtuse-angled at B : then (AC)2 (AB)2 + GC)2

@ The square whose length of its diagonal is 8 cm. r then its area = """""""' cm?

@ The two triangles have same base and the vertices opposite to this base are on
a straight line parallel to the base """""""'
@ The area of tnangle = i x colrespon dingheight.
"
134
 Finol Exominotions

E Joi, from the column (A) to the suitable one from the column (B) :

Column (A) Column (B)

E In the opposite figure : . BEC

AC = ............". cm.

E In the opposite figure : .2.4

Area of AAED = area of A ..

E In the opposite figure : . Congruent

Area of A ABD = area of A

E If the ratio of enlargement between two similar triangles = 1

.3.6
: then the two triangles are ...

E In the opposite figure :

The length of the projection

of AB on ffi = .......'.'...'. cm.
. ACD

a In the opposite figure i

Area of the figure ABYX = Area of the figure DCYX

Complete the proof to prove that : AO ll gC

Given:
C'Y
R.T.P. : ...... '........

Proof r '.' XY is a median in A XBC

135

t\
r-.
 Geometry
.'. Area of A ...............= area A """""""' (1)

'.' area of the figure ABYX = atea of the figure DCYX (2)

By subtracting (1) from (2) :

.'. Area of A .'.......' ..... = area of A ......'."""'

By adding area of A ADX to both sides
.'. Area of A .......... ....' = area of A ... ..

... AD IIBC (Q.E.D.)

E fn the opposite figure :

AABC-AAED
,n(LAED) =44o : AD = 3 cm. :EA= 4cm.
rDB=5cm.:BC=8cm.
Complete to find the length of each of : ED and EC

Solution:
...AABC^.AAED
.AB CA
ED DA
CA
a
J
.'. ED = ........'...... cm. : AC = ...".........' cm. I EC = """ """" cm. (The req.)

136

,-l
 Geometry

East Nasr City Educational Administrat

Manarat Al Salem Language School

Answer the following questions :

tl Choose the correct answer :

@ The trapeziumwhose 30 cm.2 and its height is 5 cm.

area is
r then its middle base length is ............... cm.
(a) 6 (b) 30 (c) 150 (d) 3

@ If two polygons are similar and the ratio between the lengths of two corresponding
sides is 3 : 5 > then the ratio between their perimeters is ...............
(a)5:3 (b)3:5 (c)t:Z (d)1:3
@ The diagonals of an isosceles trapezium are
(a) congruent. (b) peryendicular.
(c) bisecting each other. (d) parallel.
@ ABC is a rriangle , if (AC)2 > (AB)2 + @C)2 , then LB is
(a) obtuse. (b) acute. (c) right. (d) straight.
@ The length of the projection of a given line segment ............... the lengrh of the original
line segment.
(a) > (b) > (c) < (d) =

B Complete the following :

@ The median of a triangle divides it into two triangles ............... in area.

@ The measure of the exterior angle of an equilateral triangle is ,..............o
@ The base length of a parallelogram is 7 cm. and the corresponding height is 4 cm.
: then its area equals ...............cm.2

@ If the area of a square is 18 cm.2 : then the length of its diagonal is ............... cm.
E In a triatgle r if the sum of the areas of two squares on two sides is equal to the area of
the square on the third side : then the angle opposite to this side is

E tut In the opposite figure :

m (Z BAC) = 90"
,eO-.j-gC rnO=9cm. rDC= 16cm.
Find : The length of each of AB , AC , AD

t\ \ ti / 6:lts!t / (otiJ) optry4l*Cl-ry 137

 X
Geometry

[b] In the opposite figure :

If the area of A AMB = the area of A CMD
---
: prove that : AD / BC
cT
E tut In the opposite figure :

XnttgC,AO =4cm.
,BC=8cm. rDE=2cm.
fProvethat:AADE-ACBE
3-, Find : the length of BE
where
[b] Identify the type of A BAC according to the measures of its angles
AB=7cm. r BC=9cm. r AC=lZcm.

E tul In the opposite frgure :

ABCD is a parallelogram
,EceE,FeAD:cB=BE
Prove that :

The area of A FEC = The area of the parallelogram ABCD

tbl In the opposite figure :

AB=9cm.rBC=12cm.
:AD=8cm. rDC= 17 cm.
tm(L B) = 90'
Prove that : m (Z DAC) = 90'

Cairo Education zone

Hadyek El-MaadY O.L.S.

Answer the following questions :

tl Choose the correct answer :

@ A rhombus has diagonal lengths 6 cm. and 8 cm' : its area - """""""' "^?
(a) 72 (b) 24 (c) 48 (d) 8

@ The triangie whose side lengths are 6 cm. I 8 cm. and 10 cm. is
"" """""
(a) acute-angled. (b) right-angled. (c) obtuse-angled. (d) isosceles.

138

)
 Finol Exominotions

@ If two triangles are similar r then the corresponding sides are

(a) proportional. (b) equal. (c) congruent. (d) parallel.
@ The number of axes of symmetry of the equilateral triangle is ...............
(a) I (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
@ The triangle whose base length is 6 cm. and its corresponding height is 5 cm.
: its arearis ............... cm?

(a) 30 b) tz (c) 15 (d) 6

fl Comptete the following by the correct answers :

f The median of the ffiangledivides it into two triangles ............... in area.

@ The area of the parallelogram = length of base x coffesponding ...............

@ A square is of side length 5 cm. r its area is ............... cm?
@ The polygon ABCD is similar ro the polygon xyzL : then m (L BCD) = m (L )
@ The sum of measures of the interior angles of a triangle equals

E tut In the opposite figure :

ag // DC
Prove that :

The area of A BMC =the areaof A AMD

[b] In the opposite figure :

ABCD is a quadrilaterulwhere m (Z ABC) = 90o

, AB = 12 cm. r BC = 16 cm. : CD = 25 cm.

and AD = 15 cm.

@ Find : The length of AC

@ Prove that : The triangle ADC is a right-angled rriangle.

E tut Determine the type of the triangle ABC according to its angles where
AB =7 cm., BC=3 cm.andAC=6cm.

lbl In the opposite figure :

m (Z AED) = m (Z ABC)
rAD = 3 cm. :AE = 4.5 cm.: DB = 6 cm.
@ Prove that : AAED - AABC
f Find : The lengrh of EC

i39
 Geometry
bases 6 cm. and 4 cm.
E tut A trapezium of lengths of two parallel
Find its area if its height is 5 cm.

lbl In the oPPosite figure :

Rg i, a median in the triangle ABC
Prove that : The area of A ABD = the area of A ACD

Mdthematics lnsPection
3 Giza Govemorate J 7G^
Answer the following questions :

ll Ctroose the correct answer :

"
EIfAABC-ADEF t m(LB)=50' ; m(LC)=60" rthenm(LD)=""""""
(a) 70' (b) 90' (c) 110' (d) 180'
,E In A ABC , if (AC)2 = (AB)2 + GC)2 : then LB rs angle'

(a) a right (b) an acute (c) an obtuse (d) a reflex

a parallelogram if they have
@ The ratio between the area of a triangle and the area of
a common base and included between two parallel straight lines equals """""""'
(a) I :2 (b) 1 : 3 (c) 2: | (d) 2:3
a straight line is a point r then the line segment
@] If the projection of a line segment on
is ..'... """" to the straight line.
(a) c (b) = (c) r (d) tt
angles are """""""' in measure.
@ If two polygons are similar r then their corresponding
(a) equal @) different (c) proportional (d) supplementary

fl Complete:
AABCisright-angledatB IAB =3cm. rBC= 4cm.IthenAC= """"""" cm'
EIf
height is 6 cm.
@ The base length in a parallelogram is 8 cm. and its conesponding
r then its area equals "' " " " "'
"m?
Two triangles which have the same base and their vertices opposite to this base lie on
l_sJ
a straight line parallel to the base are

[-al A square of diagonal length 10 cm. : then

its area equals "" ' ""
"n?'
g A rhombus of diagonal lengths are 4 cm. and 6cm. r then its area equals """""""' .^?

tul Determine the type of the angleB in AABC in whichAB = 6 cm. :BC =
8 cm' and
E
AC -- 10 cm.

140

/r
 lbl In the opposite figure :

m (Z BAC) = m (Z BDA) = 90o

,DB=l6cm.rDC=9cm.
Find : the length of each of AB and AD C gcm. D l6cm. B

E tul Find the area of the trapezium whose lengths of its two parallel bases are 4 cm.
and 6 cm. and its height is 3 cm.

lbl In the opposite figure :

nctno
Prove that :

AABC-ADBE

E tul rn the opposite figure :

AB = 3 cm. :BC = 4 cm. :AD = 13 cm.

r CD = 12 cm. tm(L B) = 90.

Efina : the length of AC

w
E Prove that : m (Z ACD) = 90.
tbl fn the opposite figure :

ABCD is a quadrilaterul
in which AO I nC
Prove that :

The area of A AEB = the area of A DEC

NcJrth Giza Educatiorral Administration

, 'El;Orman Language
Schsol

Answer the following questions :

Il Choose the correct answer from those given :

E rn" area of the rhombus whose diagonal lengths are 6 cm. and g cm. equals ...............
"m2.
(a) t (b)z+ (c) +s (d) t+
EagCO is aparallelogram in which m(L A) = lZO" r then m(LB) = ............... o

(a) t}o (b) oo (c) go (d) tso

Eml ABC = LXYZand m (LX) = 70o : rhen m (Z A) = .......,....... o
(a) to (b) ss (c) 5o (d) so

141
 Geometry

!a If A ABC - LXYZ : then m (LB) =m (L )

(a) c (b)z (c) x (d) Y

E egC is a triangle in which (AB)2 > (BC)2 + (AC)2 : then L C is

(a) acute. (b) right. (c) obtuse. (d) straight.

fl Complete:
E 1'ne two polygons are similar if their corresponding side lengths are """ """" and their
corresponding angles are """""""'
l3mlABC - LXYZ tm(LA) +m (LB)= 60o : then m(LZ)= " """"""o
EJ fI ABC is an obtuse-angled triangle at B : then (AC)2 (AB)2 + GC)2

E If tfre iength of the diagonal of a square is 10 cm. : then its area is "" """ ' cm?
lE It tfre ratio between the lengths of two comesponding sides of two similar polygons is
2 : 5 and,the perimeter of the smaller one is 12 cm. r then the perimeter of the other
one is

E tul In the opposite figure :

ABCD is a quadrilateral in which :

AB=8cm. rBC=9cm.
r CD = 12 cm. r AD = 7l cm.and DB f AB
T Find : the length of BD
lE Prove that : m (L C) = 90"
[b] Identify the type of A ABC according to the measules of its angles where
AB=5cm. r BC=6cm. r AC=7cm.

E tul In the opposite figure :

AC tt En, Ap- n CE = {B} :AC = 5 cm.

,AB = 3 cm. rBD = 6 cm. ;BE= 8 cm.

II Prove that : AABC - A DBE

B nina : the perimeter of the triangle BED
[b] In the opposite figure :

If the area of A ADC = the area of A AEB

r proY€ that : ng ll gC

142
/
 Finol Exominotions

E tut In the opposite figure :

m"
Xg IIDC , AC N BD = {M}
r E is the midpoint of CD
Prove that :

the area of the figure ADEM = the area of the figure BCEM

[b] In the opposite figure :

A
ABC is a triangle tm (L BAC) = 90o
,Al]-gC rgP =4.5cm.
,DC=8cm.
Find: AD :AB rAC
/t\ /f"..
B 4.5cm. D acm.
-C

Answer the following questions :

tl Choose the correct answer :

E If AB is perpendicular to IY , then the length of the projection of AB o, iY
(a)=o (b) < AB (c) >AB (d) = AB
EIn aABC , if (Ats)2 < GC)2 + (AC)2 : rhen L cis
(a) acute. (b) right. (c) obtuse. (d) straight.
EtrlABC - A DEo :3 AB = DE rthen BC -....,..........Eo
(a) 2 @+ (.) * (d) 3
J
EtnlxYZ tifm(LY)=90" r XY=6cm. t XZ= 10cm. :thenYZ=............... cm.
(a) 16 (b) 4 (c) 40 (d) 8
E A11 are similar.
(a) squares (b) triangles (c) rectangles (d) parallelograms

fl Comptete each of the following :

E ffre area of the triangle whose base length is 6 cm. and its corresponding height
is 8 cm. equals ..............." ?

@ Two triangles are similar if the corresponding angles are ...............

@ The arcaof the square whose side length is 4 cm. equals ............... cm?
[
,l A rectangle is a with equal angles.
@ fne area of the trapezium whose middle base is of length J cm. and its height is 6 cm.
equals ...............
"*?
143
 Geometry

E tut Determine the type of the angle X in the LXYZin which

XY=4cm. t YZ=Jcm. t XZ=5cm.
[b] n'ina the area of the parallelogram ABCD in which AB f BC int"tr"cting it at E
:AE=24cm. : BC=50cm.
E tut In the opposite figure :

XYZis a triangle in which vt- txz

t m (LXYZ) = 90o : YZ = 15 cm.

:XY=20cm.
Find : The lengths of XZ , YL
[b] In the opposite figure :

If AD llBC, AX = DY
, proYe that :

the area of the figure ABMX = the area of the figure DCMY

E tut In the opposite figure :

If BE n DC = {A} tm(LE) = * (LB) = 90o

,AE = 4 cm. :ED = 3 cm. :BC = 72 cm.
:proYethat: AABC-AAED 4cm

., then find : the length ol BE

[b] Find the area of the rhombus whose diagonal iengths are 10 cm. r 8 cm.

6 El-Kalyoubia Governorate I
fuaif Supervision

Answer the following questions :

Il Choor" the correct answer :

E fn" lengths of two adjacent sides of a parallelogram are 8 cm. and 5 cm. and the
smaller height is 4 cm. : then its area equals " """"" cm?
(a) 17 rh) ?? (c) 20 (d) sz

i!l tt e median of the triangle divides its surface into two triangles
(a) congruent. (b) equal in area.
(c) equal in perimeter. (d) similar.

Lej fn" ratio between the lengths of two comesponding sides in two similar triangles
is 3 : 5 r then the ratio between their perimeters equals ...............
(a) 5 :2 (b)5:3 (c)3:5 (d)t:z
144
 Finol Exominotions
e
ElAncisa right-angled triangle at B : then the projection of AB on BC is
(u) AB (b) BC r.t {s} (d) 0

E In A ABC if (AC)z > (AB)2 + (BC)z : then the type of L Ais """""""'
(a) right. (b) acute. (c) straight. (d) obtuse.

fl Comptete each of the following :

@ The measure of the exterior angle of an equilatetal.tiangle equals

@ The two triangles are similar if their side lengths are """""""'
@ Arhombus its diagonal lengths are 8 cm. t6 cm. r then its area equals """""""' ctt?
E The two triangles drawn on a common base and their vertices are on a straight line
parallel to the base are
@ If the ratio of enlargement between two similar polygons is 1 : then the two polygons
are ".............

E tut The lengths of two parallel bases in atrapezimarc 10 cm. and 8 cm. : and its height is 5 cm.
Find the length of its middle base and its area.

/A
AD
lbl In the opposite figure
lO
:

ttBC and X is the midpoint of BC

N7
Prove that:.
The area of the figure ABXM = the area of the figure DCXM BXC

E frl In the opposite figure :

ABC is aight-angledtiangle atA
,AOJ-BC rOg =9cm.:CD= L6cm.
Find : The length of each of AD , AB , AC
[b] In the opposite figure : cBa
c
tC ttBO raC = 3 cm. rBC = 5 cm. 1{B
rBD=18cm.:BE=15cm. tr
a

@Provethat:AABC-ADBE
@ Find : The length of each of AS, ED

E tut In the opposite figure :

ABCD is a quadrilateral where m(L ABC) = 90"
rAB=3cm.rBC=4cm.
rAD = 12 cm.: DC = 13 cm.
@ Find : The length of AC
@ Prove that z m (LDAC) = 90o
(\{ : l) Y p* / erlxlY/ (ou) oL-urgldl Ltt 145

t\
t j-
[:
 Geometry

[b] In the opposite figure :

The area of A ABE = the area of A ACD

Proye that : ng l SC

Answer the following questions :

tl Complete the following :

@ The area of a trapezium is 50 cm? and its middle base is of length 10 cm. r then its
height equals ............... cm.

E ln AABC , if (AB)2 = (AC)2 + @C)2 : then L ... ......... is right.

@ The area of a triangle = half x ............... x coffesponding height.
[4If AABC- LXYZ,thenm(Lt\)=m(L )
E fne median of a triangle divides its surface into two triangles in area.

I Choose the correct answer :

[! A11 are similar.

(a) triangles (b) pentagons (c) squares (d) rectangles

@If AB ilfr,thenthelengthof theprojectionof ABoni? thelengrhof AB

(a) > (b) < (c) * (d) =
@ The area of a parallelogram is 50 cm? and the length of its base is 10 cm.
: then the corresponding height is ..'............cm.
(a) t2 (b) 2s (c) 5 (d) 10

@ A square is of perimeter 4 cm. r then its area equals ............... 2.

"
@)a (b) 1 (c) 16 (d) 8
E] tt tfre ratio between the perimeters of two similar polygons
rs 4 : 7 r then the ratio
between the lengths of two corresponding sides of the two polygons is ..,............
(a) 2:7 (b)4:l (c)7 :4 (d) 2: 1

E tut In the opposite figure :

xt- ttvz
r M is the point of intersection of the diagonals.
Proye that : The area of A ZML = the area of A yMX

146
 Finol Exominotions

lbl fn the opposite figure :

m (Z AED) = m (LB) rAD = 3 cm.

:AE=4.5cm.:DB=6cm.
@Provethat:AADE-AACB
E fina : The length of EC

E tot In the opposite figure :

m(ZBAC)=90'rAnf nC
r CD = 4.5 cm. and DB = 8 cm.
Find : 3 fne length of AC C 4.5cm. D

E ffre area of A ABC

[b] fn the opposite figure :

m(ZABD)=90o:AB=8cm.
:AD= 17 cm. rBC=9cm.
rDC= 12cm.
E fina : The lengrh of BD
EProvethat: m(LC)=90"

E frl A parallelografiI : whose side lengths are 5 cm. and J

cm.and its smaller height is 4 cm.
Find the area of the parallelogram and the greater height.

[blXyZ is a triangle where XY = 12 cm. ; YZ = 13 cm. t XZ= 4 cm.

Determine the type of the triangle according to the measures of its angles.

Answer the following questions :

tl Complete:
E fn" area of a square is 50 cm? r then the length of its diagonal is ...............
E ffr" median of a triangle divicles its surface into two triangles
lC tf tne point A e the straight line L r rhen the prr:jection of A on L is
[4 fn" area of a triangle is equal to half of the area of a parallelogram
if they have ...............
E rne type of the triangle ABC where AB = 8 cm. r AC = lJ cm. : BC = 15 cm.
accorcling to its angles is ...............

147
 Geometry

fl Choose the correct answer :

f fne ratio between the lengths of two corresponding sides of two similar polygons is
3 :5 t then the ratio between their perimeters is """""""'
(a) 2: 5 (b)3:5 (c)5:4 (d) 5 :2
El In the opposite figure :

The length of the projection of MN on the straight line L

is .' ... .. .' .. .' ..

(a) 3 cm. (b) 4 cm. M 4cm.

(c) 5 cm. (d) zero

E ffre number of axes of symmetry of the isosceles trapezium is

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

[4In the opposite figure :

The area of A ABC is ..'............ cm?
(a) 24 (b) 40
8cm.
(c) 48 (d) 80

E tf I ABC is an obtuse-angled triangle at B r then (AB)2 + GC)2 (AC)2

(a) < (b) > (c) < (d) >

DF
E tut In the opposite figure :
ABCD is a parallelogram : CB = BE
Prove that : The area of A FEC = the area of D ABCD

lbl In the opposite figure :

ME=MD
t the area of A AMB = the area of A CME
Prove that : AU ll gC

E frt Two pieces of land have equal arted t one of them has the shape of a rhombus whose
diagonal lengths are 18 m. t24 m. and the other has the shape of atrapezium whose
height is 12 m. Find the length of its middle base.

lbl In the opposite figure :

The figure ABCD - the figure XYZL

Calculate : m(LBCD) : the length of XL
If the perimeter of ABCD = 26 cm. Z z.Acm.Y C
r find : the perimeter of XYZL

148
E tut In the opposite figure :
ABCD is a parallelogram rAB = 6 cm. rAD = 10 cm.
,Og-.I-AB,DEIBC
Find : @ The area of the parallelogramABCD
@ ffre length of the projection of DB o, Ed
@ ffre length of DE
lbl In the opposite figure :
ABC is a triangle rAB = 5 cm. /
rBC=6cm.rAC=4cm. vtE
%
.D
rAD=3cm. rngligC /
C
f Prove that : AADE -
AABC
@ Find : The length of each of ED and AE

The Cqntral Math Supervision

g El-Gharbir Co""rno.rilCl, Governorate Language Schools

Answer the following questions :

tf Comptete the following :

E fne diagonal length of the square whose area is 50 cm? equals

@ Each of two polygons is similar to a third are ...............
E]ABC is atriangle :AB = 8 cm. :BC = 9 cm. andAC = 6 cm. rthen its type according
to its angles is ...........'...
@ The projection of a line segment on a straight line perpendicular to it is
@ The measure of the angle of the regular octagon equals

B Choose the correct answer from those given :

@ In LXYZ tif (XZ)z = (XY)2 - (ZY)2 : then LY is angle.

(a) a straight (b) an obtuse (c) aright (d) an acute
E ABCD is a parallelogram in which m (L A) ='70" r then m (LB) = ,..............
(a) 70" (b) 110' (c) 180" (d) 140"
@ If the area of a triangle is 24 cm? and its height is 8 cm. r then the length of the
corresponding base is ......'....'... cm.
(a) 16 (b) 6 (c) 3 (d) t2
@ A trapezium whose lengths of two parallel bases are 6 cm. and 8 cm. r then the length
of its middle base equals ."...'......'. cm.
(a) a8 (b) 24 (c) t4 (d) 7

149
 Geometry

[{ If the perimeter of a square equals (3 X - 1) cm. and the area of this square equals
25 cmi r then X- --- ---- ...
(a) 5 (b) 8 (c) 6 (d) 7

E tut In the opposite figure :

ABCD is a quadrilateral
; the arca of A AMB = the alea of A DMC
Prove that : AO ll gC
[b] In the opposite figure :

F,OttBC,RU =4cm.
rED=5cm.
:BC=15cm.
Find with proof : the length of DC

E tul In the opposite frgure

m(ZBAC)=90',Anf
:CD=9cm.:DB=16cm.
:

Cg

Find : The length of each oi AB , AC anO A D

A
C 9cm- D
A

16cm. B

x'
ii)l ABCD is a trapezium in which XO ttgC , if BC =ZAD = 20 cm.
and its area = 180 cm2. , find its height.

E Irt In the opposite figure :

-.- d
noTEE,BETAC a't I
rAC= 10cm.:BC=J cm. andAO=5cm.
Fincl : @ The length of BE
tso
@ The area of A ABC
[b] ABCD is a parallelogram in which AB = 8 cm. : AC = 20 cm. and BD = 12 cm.
Prove that : m (Z ABD) = 90' , then find : the area of this parallelogram.

Answer the following questions :

fl Choose the correct answer from those given :

[_t J If the height of a triangle is 8 cm. , its corresponding base length is 6 cm.
r then its surface area equals .....--......-." ?
(a) 24 (b) 42 (c) 48 (d) 68
150
 Finol Exominotions

E tf tne perimeter of a square is 20 cm. : then its area equals

(a) 20 ct?. @) 25 cm? (c) 5o cm? (d) 1oo cm?
@ fne rhombus whose lengths of its diagonals are 6 cm. , 10 cm. : then its area
equals ............... cm?
(a) 10 (b) 1s (c) 30 (d) 60

@ The length of the middle base of atrapeziumwhose parallel base lengths are 6 cm.
, 8 cm. is'.............' cm.
(a) 7 (b) 14 (c) 24 (d) 48
EAABC is right-angled at B :AB = 6 cm. r BC = 8 cm. , Bn J- AC intersecting it
at D : then the length of BD = ............... cm.
(a) 5 (b) 10 (c) 4.8 (d)2.4

fl Comptete each of the following :

E If the enlargement ratio of two similar polygons = 1 : then the two polygons are .'..........'..
@Thenumberofrectang1esintheoppositefigureis...,..........
E If A ABC is obtuse-angled ar B , then (AC)2 (AB)2 + (BC)2
EIf AABC - LXYZ tm(LA) + m (LB) = 100o r rhen m(LZ) = ...............o
.fne
@ ftiangle whose side lengths are 6 cm. : 8 cm. r 11 cm. : then its type according to
its angles is ...'....'......

E ful In the opposite figure :

ABCD is a rectangle : ABYX is a parallelogram

Prove that :

The area of A EBC = tnearea of the parallelogramABYX

|
lbl In the opposite figure :

m(LB) = 90"
:AB=3cm.rBC=4cm.
:DA=13cm.rDC=12cm.
Prove that : m (Z ACD) = 90o

E tut In the opposite figure :

XV ttgc ,AC = XY = 6 cm.

:AB=12cm.rXB=4cm.
f Prove that : AAXY - AABC
@ Find : The length of BC

151
 Geometry

lbl In the opposite figure :

The area of A ABE = the area of A ACD

Prove that : OP il gC

E tut In the opposite figure :

A ABC is right-angled at A , AD l- BC
:BD=9cm.:CD=16cm.
Find : The length of each of AB , AD- 16cm. D gcm. B

[b] Find the area of the trapezltm with two parallel base lengths 8 cm. r 10 cm. and its
height is 6 cm.

Answer the following questions :

EI Choose the correct answer :

E fne rhombus whose diagonal lengths are 6 cm. : 10 cm. has an area...,...........
"
2.

(a) 60 (b) 30 (c) 15 (d) 10

L4 In aABC, if (AB)2 > (BC)2 + (AC)2, then L c is

(a) acute. (b) right. (c) obtuse. (d) straight.

@ The rectangle has ....'....".... axes of symmetry.

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

[:f tf tne area of a triangle rs 24 cm2. and its height is 8 cm. r then the length of the
comesponding base equals ...,..........' cm.
(a) 16 (b) 6 (c) 3 (d) 2
It] ffre diagonal length of a square whose area is 18 cm? is ............'.. cm.
(a) 2 (b) 6 (c) 9 (d) 36

B Comptete the following :

l3 fne sum of measures of two complementary angles is ....'..........o

@ fne = "...'...'..... the area of the triangle with common base

area of the parallelogram
and lies between two parallel lines one of them carrying this base.

@ The projection of the point (7 t 4) on the y-axis is the point

@ The two diagonals of an isosceles trapezium are ...............

152

.}
 Finol Exominotions

@ tf tne lengths of two adjacent sides in a parallelog ram are 6 cm. t 7 cm. and its smaller
height is 5 cm. : then its area is ............... cm?

E Iul In the opposite figure :

ao/gc
; D is the midpoint of EC
Prove that :

The area of A ABM = the area of A DME

lbl In the opposite figure :

m(LB) = 90o
rAB=3cm.rBC=4cm.
A
:AD=13cm.:DC=12cm. ;tr
Prove that : m (l- ACD) = 90"

E tul Find the area of the trapezium with two parallel base lengths 8 cm. , 10 cm. and its
height is 6 cm.

[b] In the opposite figure :

tg ttcD , AC n BD = {E}
rAE = 4 cm. r BE = 3 cm. : CE = 6 cm.
@ Prove that : AABE - A CDE
@ fina : The lengrh of ED

E fut In the opposite figure :

The area of the figure ABCD = the area of the figure ABCE

Prove that: lC ttFjO

lbl In the opposite figure :

AABC is right-angled at B , gD f AC
rAB = 6 cm. :BC = 8 cm. :AC = 10 cm.
Find : The length of each of BD and CD C DA--..*
10cm..--

(Y. ,l) Y 1i / et*!Y/ (eru) c,r*;urrt<ldl Ll, 153

 Geornetry

Directorate of Education
lnspection of Mathematics

Answer the following questions :

I Choo." the correct answer :

EL AABC, if (AB)2 > (BC)2 + (AC)2 : then L C is

(a) acute. (b) right. (c) obtuse. (d) straight.

E If AB llffi : then the length of the projection of AB o, i? the length of AB

(a) < (b) > (c) = (d) +

EIt AABC, if (AB)2 = (AC)2 + @C)2 tm(LB) = 50", then m (Z A) = """""""' o

(a) 50 (b) 40 (c) 90 (d) 130

f4If ABCD is aparallelogram tm(LA) + m (LC) = 160' r then m(LB) = """ """" o

(a) 80 (b) 100 (c) 160 (d) 360

E In the opposite figure :

ABC is a triangie , AD it a median :
then the ratio between
the area of AADB : the area of AABC is """""""
(a) I :2 (b)2: t (c)1:3 (d)3:1

B Complete :

@ tf tfre arca of a square is 50 cm? : then the length of its diagonal is ..'.....'...... cm.

@ If the two triangles are similar r then their corresponding sides are
E If A.B I BC r then the projection of AB on BC is """""""'
@ The area of triangle is equal to half of the area of a parallelogrorn : if they have
a
a common base ..'.......'....

E D-A
tut In the opposite figure :

ABCD is aparallelogram :AE = 4 cm. l\----7

l\ ,4. I
r DE = 3 cm. tm(L AED) = 90o /v__/
CEB
Complete : @The area of AAED = """""""' cm?
@ The area of the parallel ogramAB CD = ............... cm2.

154
 Finol Exominotions

lbl In the opposite figure :

an lt sc
: D is the midpoint of EC
Frove that : The area of A AMB = the area of A DME

E tul In the opposite figure :

If the area of A AMB = the area of A DMC

, prove that : AO / gC

lbl In the opposite figure :

nO ttgC rBp = 8 cm. :AE = 6 cm.
rEC= 72cm.
@Provethat:AADE-AABC
@ Find : The length of BC

tr [a] In the opposite figure

aDrBC,*(zBAC)=9oo
rDB=9cm.:DC=16cm.
:

Find : The length of each of AB , AD , AC

lbl In the opposite figure
m(LC)=g0o ragf gD
:
A
C 16cm. D 9cnr. B

:BC=7cm.rCD=24cm.
:AB = 15 cm. rAD = 20 cm.
@ Find : The length of BD
@ Prove that : m (Z BAD) = 90o
@ Find : The length of AE
o/,1
13 Damietta Governorate (
) rvratn Supervision

Answer the following questions :

lf Choose the correct answer from those given :

fl The area of the rhombus whose diagonal lengths are 8 cm. and 10 cm.
equals ............... crn?
(a) 80 (b) 40 (c)20 (d) 18

155
 Geometry

@ If the projection of a line segment on a straight line is a point : then the line segment
the straight line.
(a) tt (b) r (c) = (d) c
E If rhe length of the base of a triangle is 6 cm. and its corresponding height is 3 cm.
: then its area equals """""""' ?
"
(a) 18 (b) e (c) 6 (d) 2

@ A square whose diagonal length is 6 cm. : then its area equals """""""' c*?
(a) 36 (b) 24 (c) 12 (d) 18

@ The two vertically opposite angles are """""" "

(a) complementary. (b) suppiementary. (c) adjacent. (d) equal in measure.

B Comptete the following :

E The area of the parallelogram = .........'..... x its corresponding height.

E If the ratio between two corresponding side lengths in two similar polygons is 3 : 4
: then the ratio between their perimeters is

EIn AABC, if (AB)2 = (AC)2 + (BC)2, then m (L """""""') = 90'

EIf IABC - ADEF andm (LC)=70" :then m(LF) = """""""'o
@ ffre number of diagonals of the quadrilateral equals

E fut In the opposite figure :

ABC is a triangle ,gO ttgC , aB = 9 cm.

rEC=12cm.:ED=8cm.
@Provethat:AABC-AADE
glFind : The length of BC
lbl In the opposite figure :

The area of A AEB = The area of A DEC

Prove that :

an ll ec

E tut In the opposite figure :

XO ttgC , X is the midPoint of BC
Prove that :

The area of the figure ABXM = The area of the figure DCXM B"

tbl ABCD is a trapezium in which lO ttgC , ff BC = 2AD = 2O cm. and its area = 180 cm?

r find its height.

156
 Finol Exominotions

E tut In the opposite figure :

tm(L BAC) = 90o

ABC is atriangle
,RO-l-gC,nO=9cm. rDC= 16cm.
Find: AD rAB rAC C 16cm, D 9cm. B

[b] Determine the type of the triangle ABC according to its angles where AB = 7 cm.
rBC=6cm. rAC=9cm.

Answer the following questions :

I Choose the correct answer from the given ones :

f A rectangle its width is 6 cm. and its length is 8 cm. r then its diagonal length
is ..'....."'....cm.
(a) t4 (b) 48 @)a (d) 10

@ The diagonal length of a square = 8 cm. r then its area = ............... cm?
(a) 24 (b) 32 (c) 64 (d) t2
@ A circle its area = 16l1 cm?: then its diameter length = ............... cm.
(a) 7 (b) 16 (c) 32 (d) 8
f4 ABC is an obtuse-angled triangle atB tthen (AC)2 (AB)2 + (BC)2
(a) < (b) = (c) > (d) <
E] ABCD is a rectangle r rhen the projection of AC o, ffi it
(u) AB (b) BC (.) CD (d) AD

fl Comptete the following :

f If two polygons are similar r then the corresponding side lengths are ...............
and the corresponding angles are ...............

E t, the triangle ABC : if (AB)2 = (AC)2 - (BC)2 r then m (L ...............) = 90.

@ Triangles with congruent bases on one straight line and have a common vertex
are ..'............

@ The perimeter of a rhombus is 24 cm. and its area is 30 cm? : then its height
is ....'.......... cm.
E In the opposite figure :
(AC)2 = CD x ""."........

DB
157
 Geometry

E tul In the opposite figure :

ABC is a triangle in which :

BD = 2 cm. r CD = 8 cm. rAD = 4 cm.

D2cm.B
,aOfeC
Prove that : m (Z BAC) = 90'

lbl In the opposite figure :

LXYZ is similar to A RYX ; m (LYXZ) = 90o
Prove that : Xn f YZ andif XY = 6 cm. tXZ= 8 cm.

, find : the length of RZ

E tut In the opposite figure :

ABCD is a rectangle r M €7G, N Gm

, CN ll DM- : CD = 5 cm. rAD = 18 cm.
E nina : The area of the figure MNCI)
@rcN =2ocm.

X
r find the length of the perpendicular from M to CN D 5crn. C

[b] In the opposite figure : DA

ABCD is a quadrilateral in which
cs // DA-
Prove that : CB
The area of the triangie AMB = the area of the triangle DN4C

E ful In the opposite figure :

ABCD is a quadrilateral : AM = MD
rCN=NB
: the area of the figure ABNM = the area of the figure DCNM
Prove that : Cg // DA

[b] In the opposite figure :

e
AtsC is a triangle ,SC tt OY )
rA.0 = 4cm. rBO = 2cm.:AL= 6 cm. :BC = 7.5 cm. to
l..
t;
E Prove tlaa:t : A ABC is similar to A AOL IP
C 7.5cm. B
z Find : The iengths of LC and OL
i58
 Finol Exominotions

Kom Ombo Educational Directorate

Al-Qahmury Formal Language Srhool

Answer the following questions :

tl Choos" the correct answer :

E fne area of a rhombus whose two diagonal lengths are 6 cm. and 10 cm' is """""""' ?
"
(a) 60 (b) 30 (c) 15 (d) 10

@ fne number of axes of symmetry of a square equals

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

E AU are similar.
(a) squares. (b) triangles. (c) rectangles. (d) parallelograms

E In AABC, if (AB)2 = (AC)2 + @C)2 + 4 t then L C is

(a) acute. (b) right, (c) obtuse. (d) straight.

E tfre area of a triangle is 24 crt and its height is 8 cm. r then the length of the
corresponding base is ..."""""" cm.
(a) 16 (b) 6 (c) 3 (d) t')

El Cornptete the following :

EITTAABC ,if (AC-BC) (AC+BC) = (AB)2:then n(L " ""' )=90'

E ff An I BC r then the length of the projection of AC on BC equals
EITIABC- LXYZandm (LA)+m(LB)=60',thenm(LZ) = """"" "'o
E fne diagonal length of the square whose area is 50 cm? equals """" """ cm.
E fne area of rhe circle of diameter length 14 cm.is .......' ...... cm? (Wn"r" n = ?)
E tul In the opposite figure :

ABCD is a parallelogram
,ncnDB={rvr},EGEE
where the area of A AME = the area of A ABC
Prove that: The figure BECD is a parallelogram.

lbl In the opposite figure :

ABC is a triangle in which : BD = 2 cm.

r CD = 8 cm. :AD = 4 cm., an f gC
ffiB
Prove that : m (Z BAC) = 90'

159

-<
 w
Geometry

E tul In the opposite figure :

ABCD is a parallelogram
,EcAd,gEnco=1n1
Prove that :

The area of the triangle AFD = the area of the triangle EFC

[b] Determine the type of the triangle xyz according to its angles
r where XY = 8 cm. , YZ = 11 cm. andXZ = 6 cm.

E tut In the opposite figure :

XCttnE reC =4cm. rAB=3cm.

rCB=2cm.andDE=8cm.
fProvethat:AABC-AEBD
z Find : The length of BE
lbl In the opposite figure :
xe ttcD , AC n BD = tM)
r the area of the triangle AMD = the area of the triangle MCE
Prove that : tvrc ll gE M
ECD
BA

For the next yes? qsk for :

\WP
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[q,h,S In:
IS- t.\
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Prz#' Mqths
:u 4\ . Science
\Sf 's . l-letto Engl,ish
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P'--4 (O\
--1

160
1s
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By o group of supervisors

GUIDE ANSV/ERS .{

PREP.
2023
SECOND TERM
2*2=*

N
 Answers of Unit One

Answers of unit one E

@* +1 x+ 10 = (x+ 5) (x+ 2)
Answers of Exercise
@* *t x-z x+6= * -j x+ 6= (x- 6) (x- 1)

E @a2 16b2+6 ab=a2+6 ab- 16b2

Es,6 @ z,-a =(a_2b)(a+8b)
E-:,0 @-ts,t @f -% * + 60 x= x(* -n x+ 60)
a = x(x-3) (x-20)
[1x+s11x+ry lgllx+r;ix+roy @1 * - tz x + 36 - z x- 10 = * - 15 x + 26
@(x-3) (x-4) 146-z)(x-ts) =(x_13)(x_z)
@(x-z) (x+t) lB)6+ a) 6-21 tr
U)tx-$6+z) ipllx-s.y1x+z; @c=2 t(x+s)(x-3)
E"= lo ,(x-2)(x-s)
E @ c = 30 , (y - 29) (y - t)
@1x+zy11x+zyy
@c=12,(a+4) (a-3)
@1u-zc;1u+sc; Try to find other values to the number c
@1x- 1x-t y1rzyy

@1x-sy;1x+:y; E
l-ilq . r @x+z
a @12x,7 ,x @x-a
A@+n)@-z) E(a+25)(a-3) Ea E4
@1x+ s1 1x-21 @1x-21 1x-ty dt
IE
E Eb Eu
A(f +OV3 +3) @<*-rrf -s)
l!jd Ec
E Ea l-sl" Eu
(13 - ro) (13 + +) @@ -t a\ @2 +8b2)

tr a
The width = (X + 2) crt.
3)s (* -z x-z) =5 (x-3) (x+ t')
The perimeter = 2 (lx + +) + {x + D)
@z (* + 14 a + 48) = 2(a + 8) (a + 6)
=2 (2 X+ 6) = (4 x+ 12) cm
Ey (y'z + y-o) = y (y + 3) (y -z)
@x (* - z x - zB) = x (x .7) (x + 4) @
@ : 1x2 - s x - 14) = 3 (x - 7) (x + 2)
(x- t;-+) ({x-rt+z) =(x-s)(x+ 1)

@z x 1* - sx+ 6) = 3 x (x - z) (x - 3) Answers of Exercise | 2

0)-z (* + x-20) =-2 (.x+ s) (x 4)
@- (* *z x- a, = - (x-e) (x +j)
E
@Qx+ l) (x+ 1) E(3a+l)(a+2)
@b2 1a2 -24 a+ 143) =62 6- 11) (a - 13)
@1s z-21 1z- t1 @1zx+1)(x-s)
6A2 @o - 12 a2 b2 - 13 b4) = 2 (a2 - t3 b2) (a2 +b2) B6x-O6+z) x+
@12 +y 1x+zy
 Algebro ond Stotist

O)Gx-1)(2x-3) @1sa-s;1a-21 B
The two dimensions are (2 X + 5) cm. (X + 7) im.
E(3y-2)(y+3) 6dQr-t)(42+3)
m (4 y - 7) (y + 3)
whenx=3then
6a@ a-3) (3 a+2)
the two dimensions are 11 cm. and 10 cm.
a the perimeter = 2 (11 + 10) = 42
"-.
d6-zy)(zx-y) AG x+y)(x-7 Y)
E(3a+b)(2a+b) @(zy-x)(y +X) o
E(10 a-9 (a+2b) E(0x+ z y)(x'9Y) E- (a (a+ u) + t) (ta + ul - a)
b)

O)Q *+zo:i)(*-v) E (a (z x+ : y) + z (x- i)(tz x+ : v) - tx-v))

=(8x+7 y)(x+4y)
E of Exercise I 3
@z e * -tx + 6) = 3 (2 x - 3) (x - 2)
@+ e * - t x- t5) = 4 (2 x + 3) (x-s) E
@s 1s m2+ s n-z) = 5 (3 m- 1) (m+ 2) Each expression ofnumbers 3 :5 r 8 r 9 and 12 is

@ x $ vJ - x - 20) = x 1s Y * 5rt.* -
zt a perfect square trinomial.
^,
@2 x Q * + 7 x + 4) =2 x (3 x + 4) (x + 1)
@z x6xa + 11* -10)=3 x(3 * -DQ* +s)
a
E (-- t)' @(x*y)2 @(z x+z)2
d-t * yz 6y2 -2y -7)=-3 fi y2 (5 y - 7) (v + 1)
E(sr-r)2 @1aa+u;2 @(zx-y)'
@4(c+d) O*+17 x+20)
=4(c+d) (3x+5)(x+4)
O)(+ a- sD2 @(t+tx)2 Efo-stl'?
@0-s *)z
E B
@z* +6x+13 x+24=z*.+19 x+24
t) = 2 (3 y
=(2x+3)(x+8) @z (g y2 - dy + - 1)2

@12 vJ +28 xy - 5 y2 = (6 x-y) (2 x+ s y) @z @ * + rz xy + g y2) = 3 (2 x + 3 v)2

*
@ s y2 - zt xy - t2 = 6 y + 2 x) (y - 6 x) @A@aa++*+\=6(2a2+7)2
@25a2-zov++-+a-s l\61a" -2azbz +b")=6h' b')'
=25b2 -24b - t = (25b + 1) (b - 1) @ S a 1+ y2 - t2 y + g) = 5 a (2 y - 3)2

@e xg x+ *)=6 x(2 + x)2

++
tr Q)l z 1t + 14 z3 + 49 16) = 3, (7 * 7 r')'
E(sx-z)(x+r) @Qx++)(x+z)
Eb (4 b2+ 4 bc + (2b +
@(2x-s)(3x+2) @(x*2)Qx-].) "') =v ")2
@(zx-z)(x+t) @Qx-3)(x+z) E- (36 a2 - 60 ab + 25 b2) = - (6 a - 5 b)z

Czx2 -xy -af =Px+zy11x-zy1 @ (" -o) \r + 2 x + *) = G - d) (1 + x)2

@s x2 -z xy -zyz = 1x-y16 x +2v)
a
tr tr(t v *z)' tr(] "* $)'
@5 x-7 @zx+z
o(?,- t)' @(o.r x- t)2
a E
@c=2;Qx-5)(x+3)
ldc=2,(2x-1)(x-6) dqs * - lo xy + 25 yz = Q x- 5 y)2

Try to find other values. @+ * -zt xy + 49 y2 = (2 x-7 y)2

4
 Answers of Unit One
@m2 -22 mn+ 121 n2 = (m- lt n)2
@11x+zyI 1x-zyS @(1sx+y)(1sx y)
@x2 -z xy +y2 + 4 xy CQs a+eb)(2s a-eb) E (3 + y) (3 y)
-
=x2 +ZXy +y2 =(X+y)2
@zs-o*=1s-3x)(5+3x)
@ [r+x @tz4ab Er-Lxu @1au+ry1au-r; @6+ac\6 ac21
@*ur'l E9 E+s 6a(* + 1q (* - 10) @ 1+ a3 + b3; (4 a3 - b3)
O)sa, @qn2 Eya @(*r.*)(*r-*)
@e* o($x.fr) (tx-ty)
O Erz Eao tr+ @q a
Es [s]+ t + telz 6(*+DV?-D=(*+ 1) (x- 1) (x+ 1)
-2
@(* + qy\ (f -+y21= 1* + +y2y 1x+zy) (x-2y)
EE" Ed Eo @c
E (x50 + t) 1xs0 - l; = 1xs0 + | (*s + t; 1x2s - t;
Eu Ec
g E
E (sz + t:)2 = (too;2 = 19 g6s dzf*-rc)=2(x+4)(x-4)
@(ss -gst2 =12 =t @x62 -zs) =x(x+ s) (x-5)
@O.z+z.t)2=(ro;2= 16s d*@-D=*6+ 1)(x-1)
@ eo.t - o.t)2 = (zo)2 = +oo @z (q * -zs) =z (z x+ s) (z x* s)
@Q97)2+2x3x997 +(3)2 Bxy (* - ya) = xy (x+ y1 (x-yz)
= (997 + 3)2 = (1000)2 = 1000 000 @z xe f - fiy61=3 y13 y * 4y3) (3 x* 4 y3)
@ 1el + ry2 = lroo)2 = 1o ooo l)* t*-st= 43 tx*t11v-31
-J
E)$)' -zx 5 x 9 + (g)2 = (5 -9)2 = 1.6 @s(*-*)=r("* |)(x-t)
@ @ + (* - +")= +1x* { r) 1x- { v)
'.' The area of the squme = 9 f + 30 X + m
@(za-u) @a2-zs*)
.'. Q * + 30 X + m) is a perfect squue (2b
= (2 a -b) (2 b + 5 a) - 5 a)
.._ m _
{30 X)2 _ 900 X2 _
rs
4x9x2 i6x2
.'. The aea of the s qtue = 9 X2 + 30 X + 25
a
E((a+ut+z)(ta+t)-z)
=(3 x+ 12
=(a+b+2)(a+b-2)
,'. the side length of the square = X+5
3
E(t +1u- i;) (t -1a- r)
whenX=2 ;. the sidelength =3 x2+ 5 =17 cm. = (t + a- 1) (1 -a+ 1) = a(2- a)
.. the perimeter = 11 x 4 = 44 cm-
E (3 a + (2 a + b)) (: a- 1z a + u;)
lll E(y+rx+
-a
l))'=(y+x+ Il =(5a+b)(a-b)
Ia] (ta + b) 2c2)- =1vab-2c2)2 E(au+rab t)) (a b-(ab- Iy)=1za o. tr

Answers of Exercise I 4
E (tx* r) + (x- 1)) (x + t1 - 1x- r)
=2Xx2=4X
E @(: rm- t) +5 (m+ rr) 1: f. - t)-s (m + t))
@6+z) (x-z) @(a+s)(a-s) = (3 m-3 +5m+5) (3 m-3-5 m-5)
@gx+r@x*z) @(ty+1)(7y*1) = (8 m +2) (-2m-8) =-4 (4m+ 1) (m+4)
 Algebro ond Stotistics

[Z ((x+ y + s) + (x y - s)) ((x+ v + s) -(x-v-:)) ...a={st=0.-.

=2x(2y+10)=4x(Y+5) . . The length of the other side = 9 cm

@la2 4b2-5 62=n2-962=1a 3b)(a+3b)

@
tr g 6 -a12 - c2 =({u - t) *
")
(to - ul -
j)et + zz) (77 - 23) = 1oo x 54 = 54oo ")
=(a-b+c)(a-b-c)
@(ta+n)0s-77)= 155 x 1= 155

E (tt.o + 1.6) (11.6 - 1.6) = 13.2 x 10 = 1'32 @1za+zb)3 -4* Qa+3b)

1.73) = 10 x 6.54 = 65.4 = (2 a + 3b) ((2 a + 3 b)2 - 4 a2)
[4 (s.zz + 1.13) (8.27 -
(95 - = (2 + 3 b) ((2 + 3 b) - 2 a) (Q a + 3 b) + z a)
@ ro5 r sr 5r = 100 s0 = 9000 a a

E (sss + i) (999 - 1) = 1000 x 998 = 998000 =3b(2a+.3b)(4a+3b)

j) z 712s.a72 - 1z+.tt)2)
= 2 (2s.87 + 24.13) (2s.87 - 24.13) IE
(X - y)2 = 4 taking the square root of the two sides
=2x50x1.74=174
.'. x-y =2whercx>Y
tr .'. * - Y2 = (x + Y) (x - Y) = 8 x 2 = L6
E(go + t) (30 - 1) = 9oo- i = 899

E (100 + 3) (100 - 3) = (100)2 - (3)2 = 10000

_ oool
- 9 Answers of Exercise I 5
E
a @(x+z)(* -2x+4)
The expression = ((x + y) + (x- y)) (tx + i) - tx- r)) E(x,1) 1*+x+t)
=2X\2y=4Xy=4x8=32 B(4x+3) 06*-12x+9)
@(2 x- s) (4 * + 1o x+25)
tr E(s+a) (2s-sa+i)
The expression = ({: o- z t ) + (3 a + 2 b))
, ({: u-zu) (3 a+2$) +24 ab E(z-: m)(49+21m+9m2)
=6ax( 4b)+24ab E(m+4n)(m2 4mn+16u2)
=-24ab+?4ab=zero E(sx-y) @4f +8xy+y2)
E(xy+3) (*y2-3xy+91
E
d3y,2X,9y2 lls x ,s x ,9 m.2 @(: xy-+) Q *y2 +12xy +16)

@16,8x,8x @6 E2 tr(j "-zu; (f u2+ut++u2)

f6l 1 Ee E1 @(r-+) (t'z++t++)
tge @zt
tE @ 10.: m n) (0.09 m2 + 0.3 mn + n2)
Ic @a @c Ed iE(r +su2) (1 -5b2+25b4)
Ec @a @a Eb @(z x-l y2) (4 * + 14 xy2 + 49 ya)
EI 6tr(**y')(xa-*y2+ya1
Let the length of the other side = X @ (x3 8) (x3 + 8)

... *=1+112-1+o12=$1-40)(41+40)= 1 x81 =81 = (x-\ (* +2 x+ 4) (x+ 2) (* -2 x+ 4)

 Answers of Unif One

a @ z (r - 1x- ry3)
B2 (f + 8) = z (x + 2) (* - z x + 4) =z(t-1x- r;) (r + 1x- l) + (x- t)2)
@z (f -zt) =t (x-! UJ +3 x+ 9) =2(2-x) (1 +X- 1 +x?-zx+t)
@ ! + aq = I 1l + +1 (2 - + L + t6)
113
t =2(Z-x)(*-x+t)
@m 1{3 z't m3t = m (( .3 m) (12 + 3 lm + 9 m2) [a1(x+sr+(x-5))
@t x VJ + D = 3 x (x + D (* - x + r) ({x + (x- (x-
s)2 - tx + 5) s) + s)2)
@z * ff - ztl = z x2 1x - 31 (* + 3 x + 9) "
(*
=2 x + 10 x+ 25 - yJ + 25 + x2 - tO x + 25)
e2Gfr+12sy3)
=2x(x2+75)
= 2 12 x + 5 y) (+ x2 - to x y + 25 y2)
Ezu(a a3+343b3)
IEJ (rx+ r) - tx r))
({x + l)2 + (x + y) (x - y) + (x- )z)
= 2b (2 a + 1 b) (4 a2 - t4 ab + 49 b2) ^
= y (* + 2 xy + y2 + * - y2 + *
2 -z xy + y21
@zxy2qzt *-ay31
=z xy2 (3 x-z y) e + * 6 xy + 4 y2) =zyQ*+y2)
[!+ x5 y2ltzs - f
a+y31 E(m-u)(r+6r-n;3)
= 4 xs y2 (5 x- 4 y) Q5 * +20 xy + 16 y2) = (m - n) (1 + (m - n))(1- (rn - n) + (m - n)2)
(m-n) (m.-n+ 1) (1,m+n+ m2-2mn+u2)
6tr! <* +t1= t rx+zl(* -zx+4) =

EA t <t - ztt= * <r- rt (* + 3 x + s)

E)ft' - +l 4 = x6 -8 = (* -D (t + z x2 + 4)
@x3-zl +28=y"3+ 1 =1x+1) (*-x+t)
E
Ea Ea lEb @lc a
Eo Bu Eu @c E (m3 - -z) = (m- 1) 1m2+ m + 1) (m3-2)
1) (m3

E(x3 (x3-8)
+ 1)
a = (x+ 1) (* - x + t) (x -z) (* + z x + 4)
Bx2+xnt
E(za+s; @*-10a+zs) o
[E (xa * yt) (x8 -xa ys + yto; (x+ s)4 - (x+ 5) = (x + s) ({x+ sl3 - r)
@t a3 - zt = 1z a- 3) (4 a2 + 6 a + 9) = (x+ s) ({x + s) - 1) ((x+ 5), + (x+ 5) + 1)

@xz +3 x+g =(x+5) (x+q(*+1Ox +25 +x+5+ 1)

Eza+t =(x+s) (x+ilu3+ 11 x+31)

E g
*-yz=1x-y11x+y1 ... x3 -(x- y) (x2 + xy
y3 = + y2)
20=2(x+r) .. x+y= 10 ;.X-y=l tXy=Z
.'. * + y3 = 1x + y) (* - xy + = l0 x 28 = 280 y21 :. x3-y3= l(2+x2+y2)
.. We should lind the value of Xz + y2
B ': x- 1 (squadng the two sides)
E (<x+ s) - s) ({x+ s;2 + s (x + s) + 25) Y =

= x(f + lO x+25 + 5 x +25 +25) :,(x-y)2=1

=x(*+15x+75) .'. Xz 2Xy +y2 = 1 (substituting by Xy =2)
E ({*-z n)-z n) x ({m-z n)2 + 2 n {m-2n) + 4 n2) .'-x2-4+yz=1 .'. x2+y2=5
= (m-4 n) (m2 4 mr + 4 n2 + 2 mn- 4 n2 + 4 t2S substituting in (1) :

=(m-4n) (m2-2mn+4fi) :. x3 y3=l(2+5)=1

 Algebro ond Stotistics

Answers of Eriercise I 6 E(y3+8)+6y(y+2)

= (y + 2l ty2 - 2y +4) +6 y
(y + 2)
It =(y+2)(y2-2y+4+6y)
Ex (a+ b) + y (a + b) = (a+ b) (x+ y)
=(y+2)(y2+4y+4)
Eu (a-a) +h (a- d) = (a-d) (b + h)
=(y+2)(y+2)2=(y+2)3
@x1a+ y; + (a+ y) = (a+ y) (x+ 1) @a(a3-:a2 15+5a)
@ a (m-n) + (m-n) =.(m-n) (a + 1) =a(a2(a 3)+s(a-3))
Ex (a - c) + y (a-c) = (a- c) (x+ y) =a(a-3)(a2+5)
@ m (x-y) -n (x- y) = (x-Y) (m-n) @a21a3-2y+ -21=@3 -z)1a2 +1)
1a3

j)y (x + 5) + 7 (x+ 5) = (x+ 5) (y + 7) @* O' + 8) (y3+ 8)=(y3+ q(xz -D

+2) (y2 -2y + 4) (x- 1) (x + 1)
@7 q- q + a 6 - 4) = (x- 4) (7 + a)
= 1y

E s (l -z m) - z d = (l - z ^) (s u)
- a (1. g
@a(3 x- 1)-zb(3 x-1)=(3 x-1)(a-zb) A f e - D - (* - D= (e - 1) (x3 - 1)

= (x- 1) (x + 1) (x- 1) 1r3 + x + t1

= (x-D2 (x+ \ VJ + x+ 1)

[trc (c + cl) + h (c + d) = (c + d) (c + h) @ 4 m4 - -6
(g m2 { 6a- 13 m - l)2
m + 1) =

@zm1: m + 1) n(3 rn+ 1)=(3 m+ 1) (2m-n) = (z r* - 1zm- 1)) (2 m2 + (3 m- 1))

@zm1+n m;+:114n m)=(4n-m) (zm+31) = (2 m2 - 3m + 1) (2 m2 + 3 m- 1)

lEx6-zz) (x-22)=(x-22)(x 2y)

2y = (2m- 1) (m- 1) (2 m2+ 3 m- 1)

@ (a+ b12-c2 = b c) (a +b + c) (a + @tztf-Goo*+zox+1)

fdtsx- t)2 y2 =(s x-l y)(5x- 1 +y) =tz1 f-Oox+t)2
x = Ot * - 10 x- 1) (11 * + 10 x+ 1)
@ t - 1x + z y12 = (l -x- 2 y) (l + + 2 y)
=(ltx+ i)(x-1) (1 *+10x+1)
lej(x v) (x+ y) + 4(x+y) =(x+y) (x y + 4)
d6-zv)@+2y)-s(x-zy) tr
=(x 2y)(x+zy 5) @zx(*1x+t)-ex-27)
Eillz x + y12 - + a2 = Q x + y 2 a) (3 x+ y + 2 a) =z x(* 1x+t1-9 (x+r)
@z x 1xy + a1 -y (xy + a) = (xy + a) (2 x - y) = 2 x (x +' (* - D = 2 x (x + 3) (x- 3) (x + 3)

fu)ax@x+ 1)-(a x+ l) = (ax+ 1) (bx 1) =2x(x-3)(x+3)2

@& + 4 ab + 4b2 _g = (a+ zb)z -g
ts =(a+2b-3)(a+2b+3)
Z)* @+ 1) + (a+ 1) = (a+ 1) (a2+ 1) @ a2 1u -s; - z a (b- s) - 18 (b - s)
@* 6-, + e (x-3) = (x-, (* + 6) = (b - t (* -7 a- 18) = (b - 5) (a- 9) (a+ 2)
E (a+ b)
(a2 - ab + b2) - (a + b)

=(a+b)(a2-ab+b2-1)
tr
d6-zy)2 + (x-zy) = (x-zy) (x*2y + 1)
@* W+z)-(x+z) @z (* - s x- za) - y (x - 8)
= (x +2) (* - D = 6+2) (x- 1) (x+ t)
=3(x 8)(x+3)-y(x-8)
1?lu2(u+1)-9(a+1) = (x- (x+ 3) - y) = (x- 8) (3 x+ e -y)
8) (3
:(a+ 1) (a2 9) :(a+ 1) (a-3) (a+3) Eut = (a- | (* + a+ 1) + (a- 1)
.' I + a- 1

@* O x+z) + + (3 x+2)=(3 x+2) O? + a) = (a- D (* +a+ 1 + 1) = (a* D (* + a+2)

 Answers of Unit One
@a3+8+a2-4 flz y2 1+ t + ttzay
= (a + 2) (a2 - 2 a + 4) + (a - 2) (a + 2)
= 2 y2 @ f + za *22 + 81 za - 36 *22)
= (a + 2) (a2 - 2a+4+a - 2) = (a + 2) (a2 - a + Z)
=2y2(Q*+szzyz-ze*22)
Answers of Exercise I 7 = 2 y2 Q * + g z2 - 6 xr1 (2 * + 9 zz + 6 xz)

i",
-- z yz 1z rJ - e xz + 9 221 12 * +6 xy + 9 z2)
i.
llf + a + a xJ -q * = (i + q * + q - 4 *
(i + ?)2 - 4 i = (* + z - z x) (* + 2 + z x) dsld+a*+r+z*-a*
=
=e * + D2 -4 i =e f + t -2 g e * + 1 +2 x)
=(*-zx+z)(*+zx+2)
@f+16x3+64 t6* --G*-zx+tG*+zx+t)
= 1f + g2 - t6 * = (f + s - 4 g (* + B + 4 x)
@X+8*+t6 28*-Brc
= qJ + g2 36 f = (* + 4 - 6 b (* + 4 + 6 x)
=(*-4x+B)(* +4x+B)
@ * + + *y2 + + ya - + *y2 = 1* + z
=(*-6x+4)(*+6x+4)
- + iy2
lEr/+rs *+at+s* ts*
y212

= (* + 2 y2 - 2 xy) (* + z y2 + z xy)
= (* + \2 -s * = (* +s 3 x) (* +s + 3 x)
= (* - 2 xy + Z y\ 1* + 2 xy + Z y2y
@*+t6rJy2+6+ya-16*y2
=(*-3x+g)(*+3x+s)
1* +8
@sl-zqi+rc-2s*+24*
y2y2 - 16 rJy2
= e * - q2 f = 6 x2 -+ - x1 G *
=
(* + I y2 + 4 xy) -4 + x)
- 4 xy)
= 1x2 + 8 y2
= 1* + xy + 8 y2) (x2 + 4 xy + I y2)
=e*-x qG*+x-4)
= (3 x- 4) (x + 1) (3 x + 4) (x 1)
ill aa + 100 a2b2 + 25oo b4 - too a2b2 @ I + + rJy2 + + ya + 3 x2y2 - 4 *y2
= (a2 + 5ob2)2 loo a2b2
=1*+zy\2-*y2
=1a2+50b2 10 ab) (a2+ 50b2+ loab)
1* + z y2 - x y1 1* + z y2 + x y)
=
=(a2 loab+50b2) (a2+ loab+50b2) 1* - x y + 2 y2) qr? + x y + z y2)
=
@st /+16fz2+42a,36f22 @m4 - 2 m2n2 + n1 - ll m2n2 + 2 m2n2
=19*+22212 z6*22 = 1m2 - n2y2 -9 rt2n2
= (9 * + z z2 - 6 x ) (9 * + 2 z2 + 6 x z)
= 1m2 - n2 - 3 mn) (m2-n2 + 3 mn)
= (9 * - 6 xz + 2 z2y (9 f +6 xz + z
= 6n2 3 mn - n2) (m2 + 3 mn n2.;
z2'1

d+ f + too *22 + 625 za - too *22

Q) t + to *y2 + 25 ya + *y2 - 10 x2y2
* + 25 2212 too *22
=Q =1*+5y2)2-gy?y,
= (2 i +25 z2 10 xz1 e * +zs z2 + tO Xz) = 1* + s y2 - 3 x y) (* + 5 y2 + 3 xy)
= Q * - 10 xz + 25 z2y 1z * + 10 xz + 25 22) = (* - 3 x y + 5 yzy 1rJ + z xy + 5 y2)
@aq I + U4 fyz + St ya - t44 *y2 E aa + 8 a2b2 + 16b4 + 4 a2b2 -B a2b2
=6f+ey2f-t++*y2 =(a2+4b2)2 4a2b2
= 18 * + 9 y2 - 12 xy) (8 * + 9 y2 + 12 xy) = 1a2 + 4b2 -Z ab) (a2 + 4b2 +2 ab)
= G * - t2 xy + 9 y2) G yJ + tz xy + g y2) = 1a2 - z ab + 4 b2r 1a2 + 2 ab + 4 b2)
@z 1+ f + yal = 3 (4 t + 4 *yz + y4 - q *y2) @*+2rJy2+ya-7*y2 z*y2
=s(12*+y2)2-+*v2) =1*+y212-9*y2
= 3 (2 * + y2 - 2 xy) e rJ + y2 + 2 xy) =1*+y2-3x)(*+y2+3xy)
=3e * - z xy + y21 1z f + z xy + y2) = 1* - z x y + y2) (* + 3 xy + y2)
 Algebro ond Stotistics

6drct 24*y2 +9y+ -28*y2+zq*Y2 @ ro-t' )8 x)/ +ya

-t4x2 3y2t2 4*y) = t6 * + 8 *y2 + ya -28 *y2 -.t fy2
f -l y2 2 xy) @ * -3 yz +2 xy) = 1+ * + y212 -36 *y2
=1+
= 1+ i + y2 -- 6 x ) @ * + y2 + 6 xy)
= 1+ * -z xy - z y\ @ * +z xy -z y2)
= g f , a xy + y21 1+ r3 + 6 xy + y2)
Etrq * - zo *y2 + 25 ya 29 *y2 +zo *y2
6)4 a4 -24 a2b2 + 9 b4
-1zf-sy\' 9*y' = 4 aa + 12 a2b2 + g b4 . 24 a2b2 - l2 a2b2

=e* -sy2 -3 xy) Q* 5 :!2 +3 xy) = (z Lrz + 3 b2)2 - 36 a2b2

= 1z * t xy -5 y2) Q * +3 xy - 5 y21 = (z a2 + 3o2 + 6 aa)(z a2 + 3 b2 + 6 a b)
=(2 x sy) (x+y) (2x+5 y) (x-y) = (7 a2 - (t ab + 3 b2) (z e2 + 6 a b + 3 b2)
jy'3 n4
=3
1ma -2tr2tz
((,r2 n2)2
+

-
16 n2n21

16,r2n2)
n
e(t 4yo)(X +4y41
(m2
= 3 (m2- n2 -4 (* - 2 y2) (*
mn) n2 + 4 mn) + 2 y2) (:C + + yal
=
= 3 (m2 - 4 mn - n2; 1tr2 + 4 mn - n21
= (* - y\ (*
z +2 y21 1f ++ *y2 + + y4 - t lfyz)
Tdztzst+9ya-z+*y21 = {.rJ z y21 (f + z y2) ({* + z y2l2 - + *v2)
=2 Q5 f )o *y2 + 9 ya 34 *v2 + 30 x2Y21 = tx) 2 y2l rx2 + 2 y2t tx2 + 2 yl -2 x yl
=z(rs * -zy')'-+''y')
x(*+2y2+2xy)
=z1s * z y' 2 xy) 1s * -z y2 +z xyl = 1* -z y2y (* + zy2) VJ -z xy + z y2)
-tv2t1v',t)tt2t
--2 * -2 xy -z y21 1s 13 + z x y z y21
6
=2 (5 x + 3 y) (x-y) (5 x- 3 y) (x+ Y)
@(x -2r(t +4)
= 1* - s) (* + \ (* +a * +4 - 4 *)
E4 z a (s ba - 57 b2c2 + 64 cal

c4 51 tt2c2 + 48 bzc2l
=r* r1r,2+t(1xJ+212-+*)
48 b2c2 + 64
= 2 a (9 b4 - --(* -, (* + il (* +2-2. n (* +2 +2 x)
- s c212 - 9 b2c2) = (f -5) (* +, (* -z x+ \ (* +2 x+7)
= 2 a ((3 b2

- 8"2 - 3 bc) (3 b2 - 8 c2 + 3 b c)
= 2 a (3 b2 @rt -g ya) (./ + q va)
=2 a(3b2 3 bc-8 c2) (3b2+ 3 bc-8 c2) =(f 3y\(*+2y21
x1#+4*y2+4y4-q*y')
E = (* - z v,) (* + z y2) ({* + z y2)2 - + xzv2)
Z)st'-10*y2+ya
f - a *y2 + ya - 10 xJy2 + 6 *y2 =(*-zv2)(*+zy2)
=s
x (* +2y2 2 xl (* +2y2 +2 xy)
=12*-y212-+*y2 = (* 3 y2) (f + 3 y21 (f -z xy + zyz)
=6 f -y2 -?xy) G * -y2 +2 xy) x(* +7xy +Zyz)
=12 * -zxy -y\ G * +z xy -y2) [4] (at ri + a+ y\ (t - y4)
= (3 x + y) (x- y) (3 x - y) (x + y) = (81 rJ + 144 *y2 + 64 ya t++ fyz)

@f-wr3y2+zsya "(f-y\(f+y2)
= * - to *y2 + 25 ya - t9 *y2 + 10 *y2 = ({t * + z f)2 - Aa *y2) (x- y) (r + y) (x2 + y2;
=Q * + 8 y2 - 1Z x y) (9 * + 8 y2 + 12 xy)
=(*-sy2)2,siy2 x(x y)(x+y1(*+y21
= (* - s y2 -3 xi (* - 5 y2 + 3 xy) : (.g * - 12 x y + B y21 19 x2 * 12 x y + I y2)
= 1* - I xy - s y21 1rJ + z xy - 5 y2) x(x-y)(x+9(* +y2)
10
 Answers of Unit One

Answens of General Exercises @z f (* - s x+q=3 * i;l.-4) (x- t)

on Factorization Eirzx Dcr--q @px+ty12
E3(xt-sy3;1x3+8y31
lrl(sx-: y) (s x+ 3 y) = (x - 2 y) (* + 2 x y + 4 y2) (x + 2 y)
E)z * 63 + 27)=2 )C 6+, (f 3 x +9) x(*-2xy+4y2)
L:l(zy+3)(y+l) l@zy3 {y -21+t (y-2) = (y z) (zy3 +7)
@z1xt-01=2(*-rq3+3) s5 I 15 a4 .2 a2h-i b)t = 3 15 12. 7 br ra'+ b)

@z (* to x + zil =z (x- 6) (x- 4) @e - t Xy + 2 y2 = (2 x - y) (3 x -

x2 2 y)

E (x+ +)'? @a+ t + 16 *y2 + ya - 16 x2y2

'7',t2x+3)(4x) =1sr.2+y212-t6fy2
6x+q)
1) = (s x2 + y2 4 xfl g
* + y2 + 4 xy)
[iU (y- s1) (y + []sl 1s x - :y,
hpl (x s) (x.r s)
=G*-4xy+y\e*+4xy+y2)
l@ (x2 + 3) (x'z 8)
[iy (ya- ]) = y (y2- 1) (y2 + 1)
f3ds(4-)j+8 *y2+9ya)
=y(y-t)(y,+1)(y2+l)
=5 & f + tz *y2 + 9 ya + 8 *y2 - tz *y21
@Q1z x z;1x+z; Ed6-O U-z)
=s(e*+3y,), 4*y2)
543 x (* + q + 2 (* + +1 = (x2 + 4) (3x + z)
= 5 Q f + 3 y2 2 xfl e * +3 y2 +z Xy)
iid(x s) (x2+sx+2s) = 5 (2 x2 z xy + 3 y21 e i + 2 xy + 3 y2)
6le x t)2 l@)to*-+y211*-yzy
@a2ia+3)-9(a+3) = (3 x 2y) (3 x+2y) (x-y) (x+y)
= (a2-9) (a + 3) = (a- 3) (a + 3) (a + 3)

6E $ + z)3 4 (x + z) = (x + z) ({x+ z), - +7 Answers of Exercise | 8

= (x + 2) (x + 2 2) (x + Z + 2) = x (x + 2) (x + 4) E
69 Q * + ts x + 7) = - (z x + 1) (x+ i) [trx(x o)=o .. X=0orX-6=0
[e_0] (x - s) (x z) {0 ,6}
... s.s =

@+ t ++ *y2 + ya + *y2 = 1z * + y212 -4 *y2 lz)(x-4)(x+.1)=o

=(2x'r y2 2Xy\2x2 +/ + 2xyt .'- X 4=OthenX=4orX+4=0thenX= 4

= 1z * - x y + y21 1z *
z +2 xy + y2y ...5.5={a,_a}
@12 x2 -+y21 13 x2 + +y21 LB)(z x-s) (z x+ 5)=o ... 2 x s =o
(x (* .. x= | or2X r5 =U tlrenX=
[d(x' +) ix2-s;= z) (x+D -5) 25

@)(1 -z x) (t + z x) .. s.s = t!t) ,lra )

Ed (a3 25 b3) (a3 + 25 br) R(x+:) (x+z)=o
lEd (tx+ rl - x) (g + y12 + x (x + | + *) .. X+3 =0thenX= 3 orX+2=0thenX=-2
=y(*+2xy+y2+*+xy+*1 ..s.s={ 3, 2}
=ye*+3xy+y21 Lql(x 5)(x-J)=0
@(l x+syz)z Eql(sx+2)(r-1) ., -X .5 =0 thonX=5 or-X-3 =0 then-X=3

@t - z x2y2 + ya - tt *y2 + z *y2 ...5.s={s,3}

tu l(x- s) (x+ 4) =o
=(* yr2-e*y2
- (* - y2 - 3 x y) (x2 - y2 + 3 xy) .'. X-5 =0 thenX= 5 orX+4 =0 thenx= 4

-- 1* z xy - y21 (* + 3 xv . y2)
..s.s={s, 4}

11
 Algebro ond Stotistics

|l(s x+ 1)(zx 3)=o .'. 3x+ 1=0 @>?+3=12 .'. * -s =o

x=-1or2X-3=0ther
s
"'
'n-
J
2
.'. (x-3)(x+3)=0
. sc-r
.."."-L -L.-1[ .'. X 3 =0thenX=3 orX+3=0thet X=-3
3.2J ...9.5={:,_:}
li)(zx t)(x+4)=o
* -t x=o
... 2X- I =0 thenX= + orX+4=0 thenX=-4 @v3-zx sx=o .'.

.. x(x-8)=0
... s.s = {+, 4}
... X=0orX-8=0thenX=8
E(X+Z)2=Otl.,enX+2=0 .'. X= 2
... s.s = {0 , 8}

..3x-1=0 E
.'. s.s = i+] A*-5 x+6=o .. (x-3) (x-z)=o
.. X- 3 = 0 then X = 3 ot X- 2 = 0 then X= 2
a .'. s.s = {3 ,2}
@*-x=o .'.x(x-1)=o
@f+3x-lo=o ..(x+s)(x-z)=o
:.X=0orX-1=0thenX=1 .'. X+ 5 = 0 then X = - 5 or X -2 =0 then X = 2
... 5.5 = {o , r} cc-f
'""'"-L "s.?L
'J
@q*-qg=o .'. Qx-l)(2x+7)=o @f -zx-z-s=o .'. * -zx-s=o
.'. (2 x - 7) = O tJnea Y =l or Q x + 1) -- O .'. (x-4)(x+2)=0
then x=-J2 SS=G,_+} .'. X-4 = 0 then X = 4 or X + 2 = 0 then x= -2
@*+x-6=o .'.(x+3)(x-z)=o s.s={4,-2}
...

.. x+ 3 = 0 then x = -3 or X 2 =0 thet X=2 @z*-toX-zo+4x=o

... s.s = {_3 ,2} .,.2* 6x-20=o .'. *-3x-10=o
@*-zx-rs=o .'.(x-s)(x+3)=o .'. (x-s) (x+2)=o
.'. X 5 =0thenX=5 orX+3=0thet X= -3 X 5 =0 thenX = 5 or X +2 = 0 then X= -Z
.'.
...5.5={5:_3}
... s.s={s,-2}
Bz*-1ox+12=o .'.vJ sx+a=o
.'. (x 3) (x -z) = 0
@w+z-l)(x+3+7)=o
.'. (x-4) (x+ 10)=0
.. X 3 =0thenX =3 or x-2=Othet x=2
... s.s = {3 ,2} .'. X-4 = 0 then X = 4 or X+ l0 =0 then X= - 10

@a*-x-zz=o .'. (x-2)(6x+tl)=o ... s.s = {4 ,- 10}

x 2=0 thenX= Zot6X+ 11 =0thenX=+ @*-zx+t+x-3=0 ..*-x-z=o
.'.

..s.s={2,-tt} .'. (x-z) (x + 1) = 0

r 6J
.'. x-Z =0 the\ X=2 ot X+ = 0 then X = -
A)s * + 12x-44=o .'. (s x+22) (x-z)=o
1 1

... s.s={z,_1}
thil x=
.'. 5 x + 22 =O .22 or X. 2 =0 then x= 2

. ss-I 22.r1
5
E(x+:) (2(x+3)+7)=o
"""-L s -J .'. (x+3) (2x+13)=o
@tz * -+t x+ 4s =o x-9)(3 x-s) =o
.'. (4 .'. i(+3=0thenx=-3
.'. 4 X ' g= O ttren r(=* or 3 X-5 = 0 then X=* or2X+ 13=0the"x=+
.qs=t9.lt
14 ...ss=1-:,f)
3J

12
 Answers of Unit One

@4*+4x+t=g*-6x+1 .'. 3 y-4 =0 then y =f orr- 1 =0 then y = I

,'. 4 x2 -g x2 + 4 x+ 6 x+ t. I =O ..ss={4,r}
13 )
.'.-5*+10x=0 ...*-zx=o @ Muttiplying the equation by 2
." x(x-z) =0
... X=0orX-2=0thenX=2
.'.2* zx-3-g=0...2* 2x-12=o
... ss={0,2}
.'. *-x-a=o .. (x-3) (x+z)=o
@a**+x+1+f-zx+1-10=o .'. X-3 =0then X =3 or X + 2=0 thetX= 2
.'.s*-ax-s=o ...(sx+4)(x z)=o ... s.s={3,_2}
... 5 X + 4 = 0 rhen X ==! or x - Z = O tten X= Z I d Multiptying the equation by x
... s.s = {t5:3 ,2}
5
.'. * +z=z x .'. * -z x+z=o
.'. (x-2) (x- 1) =0
@x3+6x+9+3x+9-10=0
.'. X- 2 = 0 then X =2or X- 1= 0 then X=
.'. y3 +9 x+8=O ... (X+ 1) (x+ 8) =0
1

.'. X+ I =0thenX= 1 orX+8=0thenX= 8

... 5.5 = {z t} ,

...s.s={ t,-8} @ Multiplying the equation by 2 X

.'.2* 10=x ...2f-x-to=o
a .'. (?x-s)(x+2)=o
dzx(*-q=o ...2x(x-z)(x+2)=o .'. 2 x . 5=0 then X= 1I or X +Z=0 rhen X=-2
.'.2 X=0 tben X= 0 or X-2 =0 then X=2 s.s = _ 2}
... {+,
or X+2 = 0 then X= -2 @ Multiplying the equation by 5 X
.'. s.s = {0 tz t_2} .'. x(x-1)=30 ... x2-x-30=o
@+ fr -s x=o ... x@ * -, =o
.'. x(2x-3)(2x+3)=o .'. (x+ 5) (x- 6) =0 .'. X+ 5 =0,thenX=-5
orX-6=0 tthetX=6
.'. X= O or 2 X -3= O tt"n X=*
or2X+3=0thenx=l2
... s.s. = {- s ,6}
.'.s.s={o,J,lr
L 2 2J tr
@(*-q(*-D=o Ec @c Ed Ea
.'. (x-z) (x+2) (x- 1) (x + 1) = 0 Ea Ir] d Eb Ec
-'. X - 2 = 0 thet X = 2 or X + 2 = 0 then X =
orx- I =0 thenx= I orX+ 1 =0 thenX=-
- 2
a
1
Ea @s '+ @o,4 @{4,-+}
... s.s={2, _2,1,_1}
@U'-+) (x2 + 4) =o o
.'. (x- 2) (x + 2) (x2 + 4) = O Multiplying both sides of the equation by X
.'. X-2=0thenX=2 .'. X2 + x I =2 .,. xz *2 x+ 1=O
or X+2=0thenX=-2 .'. (x- 1)2 =O .'. x= t
or x2 + 4 = 0 (has no solution in IR) ... *z *J== p +)+=z
Lt
... s.s.={2,_2} Another solution :

Squaring the two sides of the equation

E .
...tx+;)t .2
@ Multiptying the equarion by 3 =4 .', xz +2*f-=+
x'
.'.3y2-7 y +4=0 .'. (3y-4)(y-1)=0 .'. X2 + x'1, =4-2=2

13
 Algebro ond Stotistics
E -'.2X-9=O,thetX=1,
... x2+f_=34,
x' ,tt.nX=-i
orZX+9=O
Adding 2 to the both sides .'. The number is Z * -Z
... x'+2*1, -:+*2 ... (x, |)'=-,,,
Taking the squae root to both sides
tr
l-et the number X be .'. X =6 X
... x+ xI =tifie =t6 .'.* -ax=o ..x(x-6)=o
.. X=0 (rel-used)orX 6=0,thenX=6
Another solution :

l,'+2 .'. The number is 6

|)
{xr x'
t-' -x)+2+-1 ,=x'r x
=34+2=36 tr
Taking tho square root to both sides Let the number be x
.- | --nfi--^ .'.x+*=12 .'.*+x-1.2=O
.'.(x+4)(x-3)=0
IE '.' X + 4 = 0 ; lhet X = - 4 or X- 3= 0 r then X= 3

Multiply the equation by 12 . . The number is - 4 or 3

.'. 2 x (x - 2) - 3x
.'.2*,4 x-3 * -z x+zs x-s4 -24=o
(x + 1) + 28 (x - 3) - 24 = 0
lt
Letthenumberbe x .'. rz-2Y=48
.'.-*+2lx t08=o ..*-ztx+108=0 .'-f -zx-+s=o ." (x+6)(x-8)=o
..(x-9)(x-12)=O .'. x 9=Othenx=9 .'. x + 6 = O, then x = - 6 (refused)
orx- 12=0thenx= 12 S.S = {9, 12} orX-8=0 ' thenX=8
.'. The number is 8
Answers of Exercise | 9
E tr
[Er Let the first number be X
Ec @c @c
Ed Ed @c .'. The second numbet: = 20 -X
=7s
x(20 - x) ..20 x- f -7s =o
a
Letthenumberbe x .'. * -S x=ZA
...*-zox+7s=o .. (x-15)(x-5)=o
..X-15=0:thenX=15
...*-sx-za=o 6+4)(x-9)=o orX-5=0 rthenX=5
.'. x + 4 -- 0, then X = - 4 (refused) .. The numbers are 5 and 15
orlC-9=0 rthenX=9 .'. Thenumberis9
g
E Let the first number be X
Let the number be X .'. The second number = X + 5
...2* +7 = 135 .'.2* -128=o .'.*+(x+5)2=tz
... *-aq=o .. (x 8)(x+8)=0 .'.*+*+10x+25-73=0
.'. X- 8 =0 r then X= 8 orX+ 8 =0 r then X- - 8 .'. 2* +1Ox-48=O .'. * +5x-24=O
. . The nturbcr is 8 or - 8 (x+8)(x-3)=0
... x+8=0,thenX=-8
E i.e. The two numbers are- 8 and - 3
Let the number be X 4* =81. orX-3=Othenr:3
.'.4*-81 =o (2x-9)(2x+9)=o i.e. The two numbers are 3 and 8

14
 Answers of Unit One

IE @
Let the first number be X Let the first number be X
.'. The second number = X + 4 .'.2*+e})=91 .'.2x2-x-91=O
.. x(x+4)=45 .'. (2 x+ 13) (x-7) =0 .'.2X+ 13 =0
.'.*+4x 4s=O ,,f,"n X==jl {retused) orx 7 =O,then x= 7
.. (x+9)(x-5)=0 .'. The number is 7
.'. X+g=O tthetX= 9
i.e. The two numbers arr - 9 and - 5 IE
orX-5=0:thenX=5 Let the number be X
i.e. The two numbers are 5 and 9
.. x- + =f multiplying by 6x
.'.6x2-o=5x
G ...6* sx-6=o .'. (2x-3)(3x+2)=o
Let the first number be X
.'.2X-3 =0:lhena= ]or(3 X+2)=0
.'.. The second numbet = X + 2
,ttienX=t'
.'.*+(x+2)2=130
.'. YJ+*+4x+4-130=0
.. The number is ] n,
23
2

.'.2*+4x-l?6=o IE
.'.* +2x-63=O .'. (x+9) (x-7)=o Let the tens digit be X
:. X+9=O rthenX=-9 2x
.'. theunitsdigitis ... x(2x)-(x+2n=9
i.e. The two numbers are - and 9 7 ...2*-3x-9=o ...(zx+3)(x-3)=o
or X- 7 =O ;then X='7 .'. Z X + 3 = 0 , then x (refused)
= 7
i.e, The two numbers are 7 and 9
orX-3 =0 rthenX=3 .. Thenumberis 36

@ IE
Letthenumbersbe X 'X+l )X+2 Let the age of Said now be X years
.'.X+X+1+X+2=1X+112 .'. *-26-q=Dz .'. *-zx+12-192=o
.'. 3x+3 =* +2x+ I ... * -x-Z=O .'. *-lx- ft0=o ... (x-15) (x+12)=o
.'. (x-2) (x+ l) = 0 .'. x-2=0 >thenX=2 .. X-15=0 rthenX= 15
i.e. The three numbers are 2 r 3 and 4 or X + 12 = 0 r then X = - 12 (refused)
orX+1=0 rthenX=-1 .'. The age of Said now is l5 years.
i.e. The three numbers are - 1 r 0 and 1

IE
IE Let the age of Hatem now be X years
Let the tirst number be 7 X .'. The age of Hanan n6p = (X - 4) yeus
.'. The second number is 8 X .'.f+(x-4)2=26
:. x)x (8x)-9(8x)=80
(7 .'.*+f-sx+t6-26=o
.'. 56 i -12 x-80 =o .'.213-8x-10=0 .,. *-4x-5=0
.'.7 *-9x-10=o ... (i x+5)(x-2)=o .. (X-5) (X+ 1) =0 .'. X-5=0 rthenX=5
.'.7 x+5 =0 rrhenX=- (refused) orX+ 1 = 0 rthen X=- 1 (refused)
f
or X-2=0 tthenX=2 .'. The age of Hatem = 5 years and

i.e. The two numbers re 14 and 16 The age of Hanan = one year.

15
 Algebro ond Siotistics
tg :thenX=3or8X+19=0
Let the age ofAnees now be x yeils ,1hea 1g = -f; (refused)
.'. the age of Kmal now = (X + 3) yems . . The width of the rectangle = 3 cm.
since 4 yers and the lcngth = 8 cm.
The age of Anees = (X - 4) years and the side length of the square = 9 cm.
The age of Kamal = (X + 3 - 4) = (X - 1) years.

.'. (x-4)(x-1)=18 .'. *-sx+4-ta=o tn

.'.v3-sx-t+--o .'. (x+2)(x-7)=o n(LBCD) +m(L ACD) = 180"

:. X + 2 = O r then X= - 2 (refused) Y3 +8x=180" '.}3+8X-180"=0

or X-7 =0 ;thenX=1 .. (X 10")(X+18")=0 .'. x 10"=0,thenX=10"
.'. The age ofAnees now is 7 yems. or X + 18" = 0 r then X= - 18' (refused)
The age of Kmal now is 10 yers.
c
@ '.' m(L A) + m(L B) + m (Z C) = 180'
Let the width of the rectangle be x cm. * + 61' + 110" - 1lX+ 90' -7 x=
.'. 180'
.'. The length of the rectmgle is (x + 4) cm ...*-$x+26t"-180"=o
:. x(x+4)=21 .'.*+4x 2t=O ... X2_18x+81"=0 ... (x-9")2=O ... X=9.
.'. (x+7) (x-3) =0 .'. m (z A) = 142" t m (LB) = 11' andm (L C) = 2i7"
.. X + 7 = 0 : then X= - 7 Gefused)
cEt
orX-3=0 rthenX=3
.'. The width = 3 cm. and the length = 7 crr. Let the length of one side of the right mgle be X cm.
. . The length of the other side = (x - 2) cm.
4. tx 1x - z1= 24 multiplying by 2
Let the width of the rectangle be x cm.
." x(x-2)=48 .'. vJ zx-qt=o
The length of the rectangle = (X + 7.5) cm.
(X-8)(X+6)=0 .. x-8=0 rthenX=8
.'.x(x+7.5)=46 .'.*+7.5x-46=O
or,l( + 6 = 0 r then X= - 6 (refused)
.'. 2* +15 x-92=0 .'. (Zx+23)(x-4)=0
.'. The two lengths of the sides of the right angle are
... 2 x + 23= 6, 16en 1 = -f (refused)
8 cm. arnd 6 cm.
or X-4=0 tthenX=4
. . The width = 4 cm. The length = 11.5 cm. m
The perimeter = 2 (4 + 11.5) = 31 cm. '.' The ilea of the tiangle = 24 cn?

ID
... lrsx*-r'r d+il=24
,2

Lot ths width of the rectan8le be x cm. .'. (sX+3)(x+5)=48

.'. The length of the rectangle is (x + 5) cm. .'.5 YJ +28 x+ 15 -48 = 0
The rea of the rectangle = X (x + 5) crfr s * +28 x-33 =O .'. (5 x+33)(x- 1)=0
The side length of the squue = (3 X) cm. ... 5 x+ 33 =0,16s1;g= -f (refused)
The rea of the squ Ne = 9 * cn* orX- 1=0 rthenX= 1

o*-x1x+s1=st .'. The lengths of the two sides of the right angle are
.'.s*-*-sx st=o 8 and 6 cm.
...8*-sx-57=o .'. The length of the hypotenuse = 10 cm.
(x-3)(8x+ 19)=0 .'. x-3=o The perimeter of the triangle = 8 + 6 + 10 =24 cm.

'16
 Answers of Unit One
m .'. (MA)2-7 MA+ 12 =0... 114o-0, (MA- 3) =0
'.' The triangle is right angled MA-4=0 rthenMA=4
.'.
.'. The hypotenuse = (Z X + 1) orMA-3=0 rthenMA=3
.'. Q n2 + (x -11)2 = 1z x + t)2 (refused because MA > MC)

:. * + * -zz x+ tz1 =4 * + 4 x+
+ 1

.'. *-z6x+tzo=o
@
... (x-20) (x_6)=o
'.'Xx 10+x(13-x)=60
.'. X-20=0 >thenX=20
.'. 10x+ Bx-**60=O
orX-6=0 .'. x=6(refused)
.'. **zzx+6o=o (x*3)(x-20)=o
.'. The lengths of the sides of the triangle are 40 cm.
r 41 cm. and 9 cm.
.'. X-3=0:thenX=3
or X - 20 = 0 r then X = 20 (refused)
.', The perimeter of the triangle = 40 + 41 + 9 = 90 cm.
(where X < 13)
The rcaof the himgle= * x 40 x 9 = lg0 cm?

@ t--f---__-l
@
Let the width of the tape --L,-I
Let the width ofthe rectangle be X TL,J
be X metre as shown in the figre trrl
.'. The length of the rectangle = 2
.'.Therea=2*
X
.'. the width of the carbet li, l

*2 X) metre.
.'. (2x+1)(x-D=2*-7 = (9

.'.2*-x*1=z* -7 The Iength olthe carbet = (12 - 2 X) metre.

i. -X+6=0 .'. x= 6
The area of rhe carbet = (12 - 2 x) (g 2 x)
. . The width of the rectangle = 6 cm. | the uea of the room
=
The length of the rectangle = 12 cm .'. 1t2 2roO 2}o=1x9xrz 2
.'. 108 -42 x+ 4 i =54 ... 4 x2 -42 x+ 54 =O
@ ...2 x2 -21 x+27 =o
...AMCD-AMAB ,.. (2 x-3) (x_ 9) = 0
.'. 2X 3=0,rhen1 =lorX 9=0,rhenX=9
. MC_CD_ MD 3 I\,fD
". MA-_ 4
2
.'MA-_ (refused) because it equals the width of the room.
AB MB
: .'. The width of the tape = I .5 metre.
".MD=AD_MA=7_MA
. 3 *7-M4
"MA- .'. 12 = 7 MA- (MA)2
4

(Y:r) Yoldrlel Y/(ot?qJ) oLJ-qrUJtaldl 17

 Algebro ond Sioiist
g
E(1Efo-'.'= (F)'=,
E@E tr(t6)'.' '=(rE)'=t,6
n
*z\a
r,.f=-! @Gf=Z E(1tr)*'u-"=({r)'=,
L* 9 . /
-r'2
_2-"xPfr)
-
@s2=zs tr(#)'=+
/ , \z
e-wf .xz'=To=_Lt6 ')
tr(-*)'=+ J tr(+)'=+ _f "([z)' "(lz)' f,(lt)o xz,
----
3a
\ 1i]/ \115/ o 22-3 -2"y3
/-\) / \-:
trlitsJ-=s El1,,o'./ =troot'= roooo
2,,(F),
=34-t *rt-z -a3 x2=54
",({r)"'t'.(1/])'
@(-'I'= (+)'=u=" tz--,ytrf,.s,
-(1/l)
m(+)'= ,-"P=Y
t 2\2
\412 \2 = (1Fr*.' ', ({r)'-'
,(fr1=(ry)'=(G)'=,{, =({ri* "(t;)-'= +
a .-(trI,(6I \'
a(E)l^(I3]l-(v;)'/
' ' '-(v,)"'"=,
m yzero -
o*r=*-r=*
1 @X
@X-6xX6=Xzero=1 6y2-3+a t
=X2 @ (E),.'^": =(1E)'-'-26-':,,r,u '
fi)x_6 z+3+4 _ x_t =Lx
(t/z) 'z"s'
= (\ti)' "z' x 5 =2 x 23 x 5 =2a x 5
E =16x5=80
a1,[;1' =r' =, @(fr)''" = ('[r)' =,
^ r*,
tr({r)'" ("'t )' " tiJ , ,1=*i =J
-3-2v5-2'(1/5)t,:t
:'x(1s)
"("8)'=(^[rl.', "s'^(1E)'-'
I
=3 x5-2x (1E)'= + x{xs3= tr "t" = *
E- (l5)' (rF)" (rtr)'=- (rF)'=-3a =- 81
7o1
rtor'-, ftol-'--(10)2 7r213=(10),"ro= I

(10) 'x (10) -

tr ({rf '.'= (t/s)'= t -

7au)z r,
tr (-rE)o =,' =,', (#l = =
l.
- * uli
-l',(r/z)o 24==T= 4
q

t,rJL "(T=
E ({r)' "(-{i)o =z' x22 =2s =32 *:r.tl"@-Gt,,
(fi)' , (rir)'
={rt. = I
$\'=t"o= *
"(#|" Lo
@t s,6, (,a.t)-=* ^
(;)'=r" ^ ;,
I .f, I
| -
I
:jl:/-
""-
i3x
= \2 x- x- 2-3 x

t x-3'r--L
- 32 - -
e

= 56-2 = 54 = 625 '@##=rx

-18
 Answers of Unit Two
fi)2x n/''
L- ;r\
2
_ ) x+ ) x+ )-J x
-z - )) _ / lt
g (1E)o - r' - r'
"' -
ua = (n[;70 = -- e - 4=s
4 ^32,'"s2" l'*f
aQ2 ,P
iffi='r;7;"=t ,,._(f)'_:,_o
" bo 2' 4
/\t).. I
)<...2x-2
,......-rX,,"2\x t',___jzx-) )x_.7-2- ("8)'
Flt =f,'-\ -' - 49
I

12x1'1x zx'l'x
-
^2r+4 ^6+2Y rx36+/x-2x 3
tr
trffi =22x-n-zY (*'-t')' =(AOf ,1'=(,, (iD), .,J'
=21x33=54 =(4xz 9)3=(s-9)3=-r
s,tl ^ln-7\T-
xZ^2n ^2r
^r- .2D+2il-4D 20_1
g
s;13oxrf4r32x .4x+2x-6x+J ,3 ^-
El-=J
3"^ =) =Ll
7 + 1x,y1z =(+)'. (9
1-r\
" I ;)'
"
" ?Z^

t'^'=:.,1- 2r 2n-
-+.\Yf=+.+=*
lrll^
'/"t-2/^t" 32na 3

601 " rzv:2tx*l > 2x _ J y2

J \' I xJ2xr 2x2x tE ^.r: .-
2^12tx3'z1x 2'22x , jzx +=1:' "ft=;;= k=t'
'- ).2y-"X1"
=J^t+2y, -y-t+v_t. )X_ r3_o0_.,
. (+)'-,(+)'=(t )'-,,(tr)'=, t =2
6a2' xt" x Q' f' ) - rn,. y, 2}"' . r,,r2n I r. rn- r
(2r . 3)" {
^3nl x2-5n
-tp 2_
z^'.

l-5I-5+2n_.
" lll,
_ _aln . 8__T_
I _ I
6r,r*r,'rx-yra =: ((, -rn )- (r-{,
2,,2 2n
E_-Z
2s6 )')
A22x*2 x34 2x ^)v*zt -x^i4
r, 2x-2I
=, ((,.lf, ) (, _1/l)).
,"ffi -2'\ =z 1+-tya =3
=22
x rl x= I .'. 22 x3a
t 3a-4 4
=22 x 30 -4 tr(Hl=(#y=("#.;+l
643'::12'Y =t)x z x 1)rx tx
" 2txx3x (^
= = (' - 0"'[')'
=3x
2 y2o
=3x
2 whenX=2
:Yr.')'
.'.32 2=30=1 = 4e - s61/J+ 48 =st - sofi
fr.it2x t v)3x+2wc 3x_|x @
7 a6 + qt t')-3 =i,(a.yr)u* r, * rr-.J
,... Zx = 5,.. 22x =1zxy2 =1s12 =25

o 33x-3 x 23x
=t ")*2, =t ")*)=*. *= t=,
The left side =
2,",{lr)'* ,3,,. (1/?)" IE
r"r-2r-a=__L_ I |
- 3"-t xzt' " x'vo 3',(1tr)t=e*4=IJ6
22x xZx > 3r)
^3t
_ rlX-3 2X-X. )X 2X-X @ (x-' * yo)-' = xo y' =5: =6 + =
3 1..
3 =
3' = *= r r.Ilr3
= The r.1ghr side
tt
tr(f) '=(i)'=;-=ru?='F
19
 Algebro ond Stotistics
@eithern=3orn-4=0 :. n=4
IE
Ed Elc l-eid @c @c [!! .' :2 x l'-a = l ^f,2
Ea []ib Eib @c @c .'. n-2=0 ,,, n=2
@a @c l]!ld @b @d , .21+'l _.-5
@c [1Z]b l@b @a @d [4...2x22"*6 = $
Ba @c .'.2n+7 =-5 :.2n=-12 .'. n=-6

IE a
E3 El @ z".o @zero ll'.'x2-+=o :,x2=4
tr+ tr(-1i2)' 3)3 ER-{5} :. X=12 ... The s.s. = {2 , _2i
E1 0Et2s hilrs lrzl* 12)...2^
-2n-',=1
.'. x2 -9 -o
-t
.'. X2 =9
IE
s+ @1t, 816 @2025 ... The s.s. = {_ 3 ,3}
F)'.' 2^--^ =4 .'. /^x2-x = ^z
z
IB
@c Iq]a Ec Ec :. x2 - x=2 .'. x2 - x-z=o
Eb @o .'. (x-2) (x+ 1)=0 .'. x-2=0
Answers of Exercise
.,. x=2 orX+ 1=0
.'.X=-r .'.TheS.S.={-1,2}
E 9... 5rxl=53 ...lxl=3 .'. y=+3
!l'.5"=s' .'. n=2
.'. n=5 .'.n=-5 , 3}
... Thc s.s. = {3
@...2-"=2s
@...zsx-ts-26x+3 .'.5x-15=6x+3
t"l...1rt-2-14
J '=4 ..n=O
n-2=zero .'. n=2 ..5X-6X=15+I .. X=18
@'.' 3"-2=3*'
... x = - 18 .'. 11r" 5.5. = {- 18}
@...3"-2=3-2 .'.n-2=-2 .'-fl=zeto
/ 6 / -\ X+5
tr (fr)"'=(ttr)' ..n-1=4 ..n=5 tql.(1/r)
-\2X =(Vr) ..7Y-6=X+5

e (?)'" '=(?)' 21 1=3

.'.2t=4 .'. tt=Z , :; i-;,
:. X = 11 .'. 11r" 5.5. = { 11}

(+)^ =(+)'
rE (+)'.'=(+)'' (?)'.'=(+)'' ... x- 1=7 :. X=3 .. The S.S. = {3}
.'.n+2=-3 .. n=-5
_ /r\n,l
(ij =io .(jl
7r1n_a_(3\2 E
r_e.r \2r f;)..fx32'*2 -" 7n . .. J"7r+2-Zn=J"r
e),
irrn
(+) =(j)
4 rtt 2
...n-4- 2 ..n=2 I^t XJ^2tr
^2 ^n ," n=2
,1\il+5 ,rr'-2
trsl (:) (fi ) =
fi)...23^"{ -64
2'x*
(?)'.'=((+)') '=(+) ' ... 22" = 64 ^2n ^6
/ 1.n+5 rr 16
(i) =(1) ,',2n=6 .. n=3
"rt+5=6 "n=l
Tn.. o-2n 3

-A 9-=6
l6 ... 52" -12n-4
4
...2r-4=o 12x3)"-' "'
.'. 2 n= 4 .'. tt=Z .. b-2n-3-n+1 =o ..o -r-) =o
-l ..D=J
.

20
 Answers of Unit Two

l"-l . . tr
..2'nx3"nx2"o .-zx
^4n
I X5^2n+4
tnva3n , 12n+2n-4n_ 12n+2i-4 _a-2X
fil.. -::- _ 1

3t+t x22n+2* 3 , no -.xJ" 4 "-2x

,,2 ,'.J^-4 =5^-2x
=J
3n u 1x73n 2n-2_3t :. -2X=-4 ,'. X=2
3-rx2n 2-3 I .'.2n'2=l ...2n-)=20
n-2=0 ,'. n=7 f-t-^"r-
24nx32n_ I
' ilvx|zx x*x --a4x-2x-2x-
"
|

,.2n_.-4
@.. T;;;r;=ri "'2 =2 ..2n=-4
:.3Y-t=1 ...y-1=0 :.y=1.
n=-2
tr...
2..
z.2n- xl .n+J _)^) i7n-2+n+l..lo 1-2 a
.
2=2n-
,.)
)3 "
..n'=l .'.n=:tl
'7x x2x x3x ^z-u ^X ^2-v
^2n 2^ x7^
t Yl-2^ 12-7r+)
@ .1.,.r.-^4n
-2 ,', X=2-y
1x72\-n -2 tr.
.:
,',20 x7n =72 . 111
-n2 .'. n=2 (GI"= -,=^ x=-4
l?l
.'. (+)'t' =(tr)-^.' =(+)-'=(?)' =
V)'.'rx-4)5=zs .'.x-4=2. ..x=6 &
.'. The S.S. = {6}
r' ..
Gl I - ! I r
{x+9/-loooo'rrnr-t=trd
... (x+ 9)4=(10)4 ... x+9=* 1o , ?2n+nv<4il 4n
x34n ar_73 .,.73,,=73
.'. X= I or X= 19 ... The S.S. = {1 , 19} .'.3n=3 j. n:1 ...62"=62=36
@'.' (x' -x)s =zs .'. x2 x=z
@ er=s3 43*Y =l
...x2-x-2=o ...(x+l)(x-2)=o .'.3+Y=0 . ',_ 1

.'. eitherX+ 1 = 0 .'. X=- 1 or X-2=O

:. X=2 EI
... TheS.S. = {-1 ,Z}
--x=o x(x t)=o
Ec t4d lrla l4jb Eb
@... x2
.'.X=0orX-1=0
.,.
...X=l
@b @c Eb @a @a
@b @a @b
.'. Tlre S.S. = {0 , 1}
E . J sx_
61...x2 16 t 2\)
-10000-*\m/ @
..x2 :x_110\ a_. I E-s @z E1 E-1 E:
-\2 ) @z @-1 F]1 E-r E04
.,. x2-5x=-4 ,., x2 5x+4=o @i @z @4,s
..(x 4\(x- l)=0 ...x 4=0
.'.X=4 orX-1=0 IE
:,X=I 3)', x'*2 =4'*z ... x=t4
,.11,u5,5.={1 14} (because : X + 2 = 4 + 2 6 rreven number',
=
Tl .5x2=5zx's ...x2=2xr8 or I X + 2 =-4 +2=-2 "evennumber"
.'. x2 -zx B=o orx+2=0 .'. x=_2 ,., x=r4ot_2
- 4) (X + 2) = 0 eithet X-4 = 0 thcn X= 4
.'. (X @... u,*, - I - l) (a2 + 1) (aa + i)
= (a2
orX+2=OthenX= 2 ...TheS.S.={4, 2} uX*3 - I = (a4 - 1) (a4 + 1)

21
 Algebro ond Stotistics
I
,',ax*3-1=a8-1,',u**' E
.'.X+3=8 .'.X=5 @a Ed Ea @a Ed
tr '. Th",o,ul
fr -"a of the cube = 6 I2
E .'.612 =3.315x1-02 .'. - 3'3'7sI1o2 f
E6 @2 E]18 @+ B? ,.. t
,=.,/Eii"lF
e
a Using the calculator !- =7.5 9m.
tr (ltr)'* (ttr)', ,,F " {, @ .'rne volume olrhe cube = 1'
-' .'
= (rE)' *z* (rF)' =_({s)'_.rz (F)' .'. The volume ot,1',..u6s = i7.5)3
Using the calculator :
the volume of the c tbe = 421 .815 crri.
Er. ^ ({r)' ",,ti-('E)' ,(^[i)'
z',({:)'.'-({r)' ' a
I:
= The volume of the sphere = { lt 13

($)' - (^[i)' = s ^ o -
-- r'
"
z= to ...3.8808,1sa=\n13
104x3 r=j llsgo8,lotl
tr({e) (1/,)'* (1/l) ({r)'' -.-.:_3.8808x
4fi
...
a--;;+-
=({t)" '.'*(6)-'.'o"
Using the calculator r = 21 cm.

=,.(fr)'=t+21 =28 trThe votume of the

1.. cone + x[ h
= 12

szo " (F)o ({r)-" ({t)'. ({t)' ...7.7 x10'= f fix7'xh

.J

, t , l+6-l
-'4
=2"x(Vs) -(1/s)
-\ =t6,25-t-3ee ...7.7 x.to2 = xn xtt
__ .^)! ^
E .'. h = "' 'ua-t' Using the calculator h = l5 cm.
(1,tr)', _ ({,)'-(CI
tr ({.I.({.)',+(1t:.) ,_
49t4
' _\) = , p ,1'
({lI tir, L!O)' ir/
tl,T.'(16I. 1V tr x x
= _q c = 2.5 1oa (1 + 9.8 10-2,)rz
=zel.o
3+3 Using the calculator we get:
.,(r/r) (tr) u(ii.,.1'r c = 1 67 65.85477 = 7 67 66 to the nexest pound.

zrf,-jU/r.-4-- IE
,,,\/2 r'.l^(r/zl^ Itr y = 11 .7 (1.02)6 Using the calculator
-:',(F) =r^o_,, y = 13.1761003i = 13 rnillion persons
6+2\t2 +2 )\lt2 o .

@y = 1|J (1.02)- s Using the calculator

o
m b4-o4 tb'-t')\b'+a't
y = i0,59 705 048 = I1 million Porsons
lll a- -.2u -a ^l
"--
b" + a' (b- + a-) t0
t r
-:2 -(12,)=-3-2-
=(13) -t2 x1 y8-y
I
-y(x7y7-t)
(a+b)ta2 ab+b2) (x + y)e (x+ y)e
m"3+b3
IiJ---a+b (a+D) , x
"
y = (z *tfi) (r -tr) = 4 3 = 1

=i ab+b2
; x+y =2lt[3 az-F =q
: (^i[r), ^[; " ,[a * (,[a)'
x' yu-J, (z-{r ) tt'- tr
... - - r.ro
=z-t[6+z=s-''ft lx+ yf 4-

22
 Answers of Unit Three

Answers of unit three [g] . the numbers from I to 40 and each ofthem is
divisible by 10 roe 10 z 20 r 30 r 40 its number = 4
Exercise 113 .'. the remained number are not divisible by 10

E their number = 36
.. ]q 9-
4U= I0
Eo,i El[0,1] 61 I
@?
the orobabilitv =

tr* tr+ f, 1
I'l +
!l . the numbers from 1 to 40 and each of them is
even number and divisible by 3 are 6 t 72 > 18 t
Ezero @i,+ @+ 66 I 24 ,30 ,36 their number = 6
g= f
.. thc Drobabilitv =
@ooo @392lamps 40 )o
@. the numbers from 1 to 20 and each of them is
g aprimenumberare? t3 t5 tl t11 t13 tl7t19
E .' the multiples of 4 are 4 ,8 , 12 , 16 ,20 124 their nurnber = 8
its number = 6 .. the urohahilirv = -8
405=t
.'. theorobabilitv = A =t
244
@'.' the multiples of 6 are 6 t 12 > 18 t24 tr
its numher = 4 E the probability of getting an even number less

.'. the orobabltity =

fi = f, tharroreoual
'6.Jr+=Z=!
@. the multiples of 4 and 6 together te 12 t24 @ the probability of getting a number between 0 and

its number = 2 ro=9=r

t)
.'. the vrobabitity = E
fi = $ the probability of getting a number divisible
o
@. rhemultiples of 4 or 6 xe 4 t 6 t8 ; 12, 16, by t=i=zero
18 r 20 r 24 its number = 8
@ the probability of getting a number not divisible
.'.therobability=fi=] bvz=1=l
'6)
@ '. the numbers which re clivisible by 25 xe
nothing tr
.'. its number = zero. '. the total number of marbles = 12 + 18 + 20 = 50
.'. the orobabilitv = a = 0 E the probability that the milble is wnU" =
24 1& = +
@ '.' the numbers from 1 to 24 are positive integer
@ the probability that the mable is re O = =
numbers and each of them is less than 25 # *
its number = 24 E the probability that the mmble is yellow =
* = zero
.'. the probability -- =t E the probability that the marble is not red
ff
_5O 12= 38 -
o s0 50
19
25
@'.' the even numbers from I to 40 arc ? ; 4 > 6 t 8 @ the probability that the mmble is red or blue
tt0 tt2 t14 t16,18 t20 t22 t24;26 >28, 20+12
30 t32 >34 ,36 ,38 t 40 - so -25
16

it: rtumber; 20 .'. the plobability =

'. the numbers ftom 1 to 40 and which are
# =i tr
@ Numbor ofthose don't play any of the prcvious sporls
divisibleby 3 are3 >6,9 ,12,15 ;18 ;21 t24
= 40 - (20 + 10 + 6) = 4 pupils
,27 ,30 36 r 39 their number =
'33 r 13
.'. The probability that the pupil is one of those don't
.. the Drobabilirv =-1i
4t) play any of the previous sports =
S = $
23
 Algebro ond Stotistics
Z E
'.
'. tlle number of red mmbles = 22 - 12 = 10 and the ratio of fruits which is suitable to be exported
after drawing 2 red mables the number of mrbles = 1OO qo -30 7o =70 Vo

became 20 md the number of red mmbles = 8 .'. the amount of expofied fruits
.'. the probability that the drawn marble is black =
X = ? =70 Vo x 20 = 14 fons.
.'. the amount of exported fruits within 10 days
g = 14 x l0 = 140 tons.
'.' the number of gifls = 20 and the number of boys = 30
.'. the probability that the selected student is a boy IE
@ the number of defective production in the sample
=4=4
JU5 = 0.06 x 200 = 12 units.
g @ '. the probability of fit units = 1 - 0.06 = 0.94

-: the probability of drawing ball =

a red
f .'. the number offit units = 0.94 x 1500 = 1410 units
.'. the probability that the drawn ball is blue
-r 4- 4 1- 3 IB
... the number o[ blue ba]ls = x 80 = 60 balls E death probability =
ffi = 0.9967
f because these rcsults help these compmies to set
@
the suitable insurmce system for each category
IE
x 32 = 12 mrbles according to the age.
the number of red mables =
f E The estimated number of death cases in one ycu
IE = 0.0067 x 50 000 = 335
'.' the probabitity that the first player scores a goal

=jf=f=oro ID
that the pupil uses b* =# = +
fu the probability
the probability that the second player scores
@ the probability that the pupil g@s on td =k = +
agoat=
ff =o.tt
Ia I the orobabilitv that the ouoil doesn't use the
..' 0.86 > 0.78
- uicrcre = j$'= f,
.'. we select the first player because his probability to
score a goal is the greater.
IE
@ the probability of getting a score of excellent
@ _3
6
'.' the number of matches predicted to win -fi-B
the probability of getting a score of eood =
= 0.6 x 30 = 18 matches @ $
'. the probability of loss the match @ the probability of getting a score of fail
= 1-(0.6+0.3)=0.1
_8_4
- 50- 25
. . the number of matches predicted to loss @ the probability of getting a score of less thm good
=0.1 x30=3matches. 16+8--75
,12
---o _
IE @
the predicted number to the cils which makes
@ Probability that the call of duration is less than
accidents = 0.004 x 7000 = 28 cars.
2 piaglss = 12q =
the predicted number that the company pays {
= 28 x 2000 = L.E.56000 E Probability that the call of duation is from 2 to

+minutes=#= #
IB
ffi : $ E
-the probability ot delective units - Probability that the call of duration is more than

... the number of defective units =

3b
x 6000 = 120 units. 6minutes=fr= $
24
 Answers of Unil Three
!! Probabilib, that the call of duration is 2 miqutes a[d (c) The probability of choosing the weight (375)

,""'"=!+531!=+ =lC-o rr
300 " "-
(d) The probability of choosing the rveight (500)
|, il

[1 ] (a) The probabiliry that the srudent prefers -ia-n rr

-300-"'-
practicirs loorball - 1L
to0 =
O.qq @ We advice the manager of this company to
{ b) The probabilily lhal the \ludetrt prclcrs increase production of powder of tveight 125 gm.
pracricing nrn.lball = = 0.27
#
(c) The probrrbility rhirr llre.stildcIr Drrlers E
prrcticjilg ntlrlclic\ -.tl' = 0.1 2 tr(")+ o)+ @+=+
(d) The probability tllrt thc studelr prrlers
E The probability that the pointer doesn't stop at the
-40 - 0.U4
praclicing telrnis = red colour = the probability that the pointer stops
(e) i-he probability thlt the student prelers
al grecn colour or ycllow colorrr =
practicing hockey = *
,'' = 0. I 3
[3] The nrunber of stLrdents = 0.13 x 60U = 78 srudents. a
Eo Ea Eu @c
! ] The total number of sales from the first type Eb @c Eu Eu
- 39 + 82 + 34 + 22 + 53 = 230 shirts. @d @c @b l@d
The total number of sales from the sccond type
@c @d
= 61 + t8 + 66 + 78 + 47 = 270 shirts.
The probability of sales iu the first type g)
5{}0 "'"
=?-1Q=nan '. The probability ofdrawing a red ball =
l
The probability olsales olthe.ccon,l rype =
"
500 =O.S+
!! .'. The probabiiiry of drawing a white b all = 1 - Z=+
.'. The second type is lhe nrotE request and we .. The total number cf balls = 3 x 5 = 15 halls
advise the company to increase production of
the second type.
@
l3l The number of shirts of the first type '. The probability that the drawn card cmies
= 0.46 x 4000 = 1840 shirts.
t= -+=
a number less than or equal to
3
,n .'. The number of
'
crds = 8 xl = I2 cards
2
@ The probability that the unir be a defective .'. n= 12
= J&
Jt)o =
6.66

@ The probability that the unir be a functional Answeis 6f obcumulolive bosic skille

E
Et{o @ o.oo + o.l+ = t Ea Ec L4d Ec lEl c

@
we observe that : the sum of the prcbabilities = 1
The number of the functional units = 0.94 x 1600
Ea Ec lpJc [Ec @b
- 1504 units.
@c @b @a @u I@d

8 a
@ (a) The probaUility of choosing the weight (125) E8 Ero l-lJ+ @ zero@ soo
_120 ^ ^ @ x' Zzt Er @r+ @+
- 30-d- "'
(b) The probabfity of choosing the weight (250) 1trrc @2s tJAzs 54-+ @z
31=o.rs
=
Guide Answers
of
Geometry Exercises

lr
L
L
L
t_
 Answers of Unit Four

Answers of unit four E

ACXY=AXCB
Answers of Exercise I . . we deduce that the area of A XCY = the area
1
ofAXCB '
E '. the area of A XCY = 15 cm?
@ equal in rea
,'. the area of t f XBCY = 30 cm?
@ the rectangle
'. tl ABCD and U XBCY hrve rhe common base BC ,
@ the length of the base x its coresponding height
fVlnc
@equal
.. the area of ZABCD = 30 cm? (The req.)

a g
Ed Eb Eb '. AEBD is a parallelogram
Ec {rJc Ed .. aellbE ..EF//AB
E .'. AEFB is a parallelogram (Q.E.D. 1)

E48 '. U ABCD r EAEBD have rhe common base AD- ,

@24 [!]48
f 14 E6o,so fsla2 16lEd
.'. the aea of ZABCD = the mea of ZAEBD (1)
a
'. m (Z ABC) = 150" .r m (Z ABE) = 30'
'.' D AE,FB and Z AEBD have the commen brse AE-
,IEzffi
'. m(zE)=e0" ...AE=+AB .'. the area of ZAEFB = the area of ZAEBD (2)
.'.AE=4cm.
film (1) and (2)
.'. The area of D ABCD = 12 x 4 = 48 cm? 6he req.)
IJ
.'. the arca of ABCD = the area of L] AEFB
E (Q.E.D.2)
'. The rectangleABCD and the parallelogramAEFD
have the common hase AD-
tr
'.' U DBFE ; Z DFCE have the common base DE
... 16lnn ,oBttfr
.'. the ar€a of the rectangle ABCD = the area
of ZAEFD subtracting the area of A AMD frcm
.'. the arca of Z DBFE = the area of Li DFCE
adding the area of A ADE to both sides we deduce
both sides we deduce that the area of the figure
that the area of the figure ABFE = the area of the
ABCM = the area of rhe figure DMEF (e.E.D.)
figure ADFC (Q.E.D.)

tr IE
'.' The rectangle XDEY and the parallelogram
@ '. 2 aXVO and Z ABCD have the common
ABED have the common base DE
,...ffilrnn
uase I5 ana AD // Id
ZAXYD = the rea of ZABCD (1)
.'. the il€a of
. . the area of ZABED = the ilea of the rcctangle '.' Lf ABCD afi U DEFC have lhe comon base
XIJEY,
'. the area of the rectangle XDEY = lZ x 24 = 288 orn?
DC-,DC-/i;F
.'. the aea of ZABCD = the ara of ITDEFC (2)
.'. the ileaof D ABED = 288 cm? (Firsr req.)
from (l) and (2)
.'. the length oI the perpendicular flom B ro AD
_ the area of ZABED .'. the Nea of IJ AXYD = the area of L] ABCD
AD = the mea ofZ DEFC
= I99
l0 =
9.6 .,r, (Second req,) (Q.E.D.)

27
 Geometry

[3 j . ZADCB and /7 IDCE have the common .'. 15 x2 =240 x2 -- 1,6 .'. x= 4
hase DC , DC // AE .'. l,=5 X=70 th,=3 Y= 17 ga.
"
.'. the area of lJ ADCB = lhe xea of IJ FDCE (1) '.' l. : l- = 4:3 .'. ry=
!J
+
'. D FDCE and U XYCE have the common ../.=20^l=i5c,n,
tut"CB,CSlli,
. . the area of Z ABCD = 240 cm?
.. E FDCE = the aea of ZXYCE
the mea of (2)
.'. 12xhr=24g .'. 15h2=24O
fLom (1) , (2)
''' hz = 16 cm' (The req.)
.'. the area of f7 ADCB = the area of D FDCE
= the area ofLT XYCE
Answdrs of Exercise I 2
(Q.E.D,)

[!] '. 2 Oxvf and Z DCEF have the common E

Uut" ntt , Of Z iE Bb Eb Ec @a
.'. the area of l.7 DXYF = the area of Z DCEF (1) @c Eb
Ed Elb
'.' U DCEF , D DCBA have the common base
nc,pclIE a
.'- the xeaof [JDCEF = the area of ZDCBA (2)
a+ B40
from (1) and (2)
.'. the area of Z DXYF = the area of Ll DCEF
g
= the area of Z DCBA E6 @tz
(Q.E,D.)
E
EI EJ48 l_424
'.' ABCD is a parallelogram ... asil DC
...Ee6e .'. ae,7NE (1) tr
The rea ofA ABC = f the base length
'. EC = DN and adding CN to both sides
x the corresponding height
..EN=DC ..EN=AB (2)
from (1) and (2) = ! xm xrc= t x4x3=6cm? (Firstreq.)
.'. the figure ABEN is a parallelogram. '.' A ABC which is right-angled at A
'.' t-f ABE}I and Lf ABCD have the cornlnon base '.' (BC)2 = (AB)2 + (AC)2
AB-,AB//bE
...BC={16+e="[x=s" .

.. the area of ZABCD = the area of ZABEN (3)

... the area of A ABC
= x BC x AD
. Mc Afr ... erra/BE {
'.' Z BEMN and Z ABEN have the common base ...0=jxsxAD
EE,EElarra .'. AD = 2.4 cm. (Secord req.)

.'. the atea ot D BEMN = the area of Z ABEN (4)

from (3) and (4)
tr
The area of A ABC = the base length x the
.'. the arca of ZABCD = the area of Z BEMN {
coresponding height
(Q.E.D.)
.'.
! tC xBD
= +x 6 x 5 = 15 cm? Ghstreq.)
"
@ ... thetreaof4ABC= j x BC xAE
r*tl.r= 5 x ,'. hr =: x :.fi=rx6.5xAE
.'. thereaof D ABCD = lrhr= 5 Xx3 x= 15 X2
.'. ae = + fr (second req.)
"-.
28
 Answers of Unit Four
z
'.' The area of A ABC =
.'. The area of ZABCD = the area of f7 BECD (l)
{ x the base lengrh x the '. AABD and D ABCD have the common base AB
coresponding hei8ht =- x BC x AD
]. ,DCDC
= t xrc x8 =40cm? (Firsrreq.) .'. The area o[AABD = + lhe area of
) ff
ABCD \2)
'. Theareaof AABC = j xAC xBE : '.' A MEC and f7 BECD have the common base

+ x 16 x BE
:. 40 = .'. BE = 5 cm. (Second req.) BC,rr4eSD
.'. The arca of A MEC =
{ the mea of Z BECD (3)
o'. from (l) , (2) and (3)
A ABC has the common base BC with the . . The area of A ABD = the area of A MEC (Q.E.D.)
rectangleABcD ,ACAD-
.. TheareaofAABC =
+ crrea;ea.of tJ ABCD (1) tr-l
'.' A DAE has the common base AD with the '. The two parallelograms ABCD : EBCF have the
rectangleABCD rEe Bd common base BC ,IFll SC
.'. The area ofA DAE = j the area of D ABCD (2) .'. The area of fTABCD = {hs a1g2 elff EBCF (1)
from (1) and (2) '.' A ABL Z ABCD have a comon base AB
'
We deduce that the uea of A DAE = the area of A ABC ,LCDC
(Q.E.D.)
.'. The area of A ABL = j the area o t fJ ABCD (2)
g '.' A FCL l] EBCF have a common bar. G. L e SE
'
'.' A EBC has the comon base BC with the .. The area ofl pCL = * rhe area ofZ EBCF (3)
)
L] ABCD,EEAD from (1) , (2) arrd (3)
.'. The area of A ABL = the area of A FCL (Q.E.D. 1)
.'. The aea of A EBC =
] the area of Lf ABCD
but the area of Z ABCD = the aea of f7 ABMN Adding the area of A LBC to both sides
(have a comon base IB- and between two , , The area of the figure ABCL = the uea of the
figure FCBL (Q.E.D.2)
parallel straight 1in"r iE ' ifr)
.'. The rea of A EBC =
{ the uea of U ABMN
1r;tt
(Q.E.D.) '. ABCD ard AEFD are trvo parallelograms having

lil,ll
the common u.se aD , EF ll ao
The area of ZABCD =AB x BC = 4 x 10 = 40 cm? .. The area of IT
ABCD = the area of ff AEFD (l)
'.'The area of ZABEF '. AABX hrs arommon base AB sith t l ABCD,
= the ar€a of Z ABCD (they have the common xc6d
base AB and they arc between two pxrallel straight .'. fherreaofAAtsX | rherreaoff-IABCD(2)
= Z-
tinefE,tF) '.' A DFX has a common base DF rvith Z AEFD r
.'.'fhe arca of D ABEF = 40 cm? (Frist req.) X€TE
'. 4 XAI'hfls the common base AF with ZABEF . . The area ol A DFX = + rhe area ol"fl AEFD (l)
)
,XCBE from (1) , (2) and (3)
.'. The arca of A XAf = the areaof u ABEF = 20 cn? .. The arca of A ABX = the area of A DFX (Q.E.D.)
|
(Sccond req.)
@
IE '. The two pilallelograms ABCD and AEFD have the
'. ABCD md BECD are two parallelogrms having comon base AD , EF ll ao-
the common Uas" OC , IE ll OC .'. The reaof fJ ABCD = the uea of ITAEFD (i)

29
 Geometry

' ' A ARM has a conrmon base AB lvith Z ABCD : .'. the roca of A XY C = the Ne of t-l XYCD (2)
+
MCCD Addine (1) and (2)
. . the area of A ABM =
+ the tm of Ll
ABCD(Z) . . the area of the ligure XLYC = j th" a."a
',' A DMF has a common base DF with Z AEFD , of Z ABCD (Q E D.)
MGAE xy . r€eg
[E . A xLY hrs aconrmrrrr oasc
. . the area of A DMf =
| tfr" area of Z AEFD (3)
.. the area of A XLY = tlrc aterof u ABYX(I)
lrom (l) , (2) and (3)
|
'. A XYM has a comnon base XY withlf XYCD
. . the area of A ABM = the area of A DMF (Q.E.D.)
,M€DC
. . the al€a of A XYM = j the area of Z XYCD (2)
@
t A .q.CO hut a common base AC- wlth Z ACEF r Adding (1) and (2)
DEFE .'. the area of thc figure XLYM = j th" n,"n
.. theareaol'AACD- It_thereaol'lfACEF (l) ofD ABCD (Q.E.D.)
'. A ACD has a common base AD , @ . aaxYhas acommonbase AX rvithD ABYX
C CBC ,Ye BY
. . rhe area ol' A ACp = { the area of
2
Z ABCD (2)
. . the arca of A AXY = the arct ot I f ABYX(1)
fiom (1) and (2)
+
'. A X\'I- has a common base XY rvith fl XYCD
.'- rhe arcaof IJ ABCD = the area of D ACEF
(Q.E,D.)
,r-cbd
. . the tue a of A XYL =
| the area ol fJ XYCD (2)
ID Adding (1) ancl (2)
'. The two parallelogms EBCF mdABCD have . . the are a of A ALX = j tfre area of Z ABCD
the coimon base BC BC /i ED
' (Q.E.D.)
.'. the trea of Z EBCF = tho area of ZABCD (1)
pl . AxYFhas a common basc XYrvithZABYX
'. 4 DXC has a common base DC- with the Z ABCD
,XEAB ,FCTE
. . the area of A DXC = the area of tf ABCD . . the arca of A XYn =
] the arca of Z ABYX ( l)
|
'.' A DXC has a common base XC with Z DXCY '. A EXY has a common base XY rvith u XYCD
,DCDY ,EF.6
.. the area of A DXC = ] tn" areaof D DXCY .'. theareaof AEXY=tttrearcaof u XYCD(2)
. . the area of Z ABCD = the area of D DXCY (Z) Addnrg(l)and(2)
from (l) and (2)
. . the aretr of A FYe = tfre area of Z ABCD
.'. the area off EBCF = the area of t-7
I ABCD
|
= the area oI Z DXCY (Q.E.D.) @. A xLYlias a common basexYrvr,, ;:r?
,LEAB
IB
.. theareaof AXLY = ltlrcareaol'uABYX(l)
'. ABCD is a parallelogram ,XV tt lS ttDC
'.' A XEY has a common base XY with Z DCYX
.. ABYX r XYCD are parallelograms.
ZABYX ,E€DC
@. AXLY has acomon base XY wilh
,LCAB .. tlre area of A XEY =
| the uea of t J DCYX (2)
(i) subtracting (2) from ( l)
.'. the aea of A XLY =
t the xea of u ABYX Z
'. 4 XYC has acolmonbase YC withAXYCD 7 .'. the afe{ of A XLE =
} the arren oI ABCD
(Q.E.D.)
x€xD
30
 Answers of Unit Four
@. A XEYhas acommon base XY rvlth IJ ABYX @
,E C;8. '.' A AFB has a comon base AB with ZABCD r

.. the arca ot uABYX (1) FCDC

the area of A XEX =
|
'. A XMY has a cotnrn,nt base XY wilh t l DCYX . . the area of A AFB =
| the area of u ABCD
,Mebd .'. the area of A AFD + rhe trea of A BFC = j tne
.. the araof A XMU = the tea of uDCYX (2)
arca of ZABCD (l)
| '.
subtracting (2) from (l) A BCE has a common base BC with lf ABCD ,
ECT6
.'. the area of A EMY =
| the area of D ABCD
.'. tlre area of A BCE = Ote area of 1 J ABCD (2)
(Q.E.D.) |
from ( 1) and (2)
lr: ;.1
.. the area of AAFD + tho arca of A BFC = the arca
tal .' ABCD is a parallelogram , BD is a diagonal OfA BCE
.. theareaof AABD=theareaof ABCD (1) subtracting the area of A BFC from both sides
'. BELF is r prrrllclograrn . BL is a cliirgorrrl .. theareaof AAFD=theareaof AEFC (Q.E.D,)
.. the areaofABEL=rhearcaof ABFL (2)
subtracting (2) from (1) m
. . the area of the f igure (1) = thg alBn s6 the ligure (2) '. The two parallelogm1lDB!! rACFX have a

(Q.E.D.) common base CF r BX // CF

tbl . ABCD is a parallelogram r BD is a cliagonal .'. the arca of ZDBCF = the area of ZACFX (1)
.'. thcareaof AABD=the areaof ACBD (1) '. 4 EBC has a comrnon base BC with Z DBCF r
'. X BFM is a prr;rllelogrrnr . BM is r dirgorrrl ECDF
FBM .. the area of A EB C = the area of uDBCF (2)
. . the arca of A XBM = the area of A (2) t
'. EM\ D is r prlrllclugrrrrn .MD is rdiagonrl
'. A EFX has a common base XF with f/ACFX :

.'. the area of A EMD = the area of A YMD (3)

E€AC
addnrg (2) , (3) and subtracting the sun liom (1)
. . the area of A EFX =
! fie area of t J ACFX (3)

. . the area oI the figure( 1) = the nlBa s1 the ligure (2)

fron (t) , (2) , (3)
.'. theareaof AEBC=theareaofAEFX (Q.E.D. 1)
(Q.E.D.)
'. the arca of Z DBCF = 80 cm?
tp and from (l)
'. 4 LFM has a common base LM with Z LMNE . . the arca of [J ACFX = 80 cm?
,F€EN . . the area ol'A EFX = I2 rhe area ol f7 ACFX
'. lhe trex of A LFM = + the area of Z LMNE
2 . . the ar€a of AAXE + the area of A ECF
.'. the area of A LEF + lhe arer o14 64p11 = -| rhe
area of 17 LMNE (1) = j tlie area of ZACFX
'. A LEM has a comrnon base LM rvith Z I-MNE r =f"SO=40cm? (Q.E.D.2)
E EEN the arca of A LEM = j the a|ea
FN
of Z LMNE (2)
'. ABCD is a square whose perimeter = 48 cm.
ftom (1) and (2)
.'. the arca of A LEF + the area of A MFN = the area
:an=f; =72cm.
_
'. E is the midpoint of AB
of^ LEM (Q.E.D.)

31
 Geometry
the arra of A ADF = the area of A EFC
... ar = .r! en = o cm.
'. AEC coffesponding to the Adding the area of A DFE to both sides
BC is a height of A
base AE thc area of A A}.E = the area of A DCE (Q.E.D.)

... rhe rea of A AEg = ] ae nc

" E
= l,e "n =36Jn? (The req.)
fromABDCr n
(Z DBC) = 180' - (90" + 30") = 60"
a'. m
.'. m (z ABD) = e0" - 60'= 30"
,r1\
The perimeter of ZABCD = 48 cm. ,rC- J \
...AB+BC= frOM AABD C- D A
f =z+cn.
'. BC=2AB .'.AB+2AB-24 .'.3/.B=24 '.' m (Z ADB) = 90" , m (Z ABD) = 30'

... AB = 8 cm. >BC=2x 8 = 16 cm. ..AD= I ABi.eAB=2AD (l)

... the area'oIAABC ae x BC = AC x BD
'. the area of AABC = 56 cm? = | +
.'.
I an * the corresponding height of IB = 56 .'. ,O = *#" .ubstituting from (1)
.'. j r 8 x the coresponding height of A-B = 56 ... BD =
2AD x BC (Q.E.D.)
AC
.'. th'e conesponding height of AB - $ = l+ cn.
similarlyj x 6 x conesponding le[nt ot ST = SO
1 Answers of Exeriise I .3
.. the corespondirrg height of BC = t = 2...
(Fist req.) E
'. BC = 16 cm. .'. EC = 8 cm. I equal in rea. @ equal in area.
... Theareaof AAEC=txZx7 =28cm? E two triangles equal in surface area.
(Second req.)
{4laACD sltwice l6l+
--J

tn @_
'.'ADisamedianinAABC
@ The area used for parking cars
.'. The rea of AABD = the mea of AACD (1)
= 4 x the rea of the paallelogrm
'.' ED is a median in A EBC
=4x3x3=36m? (Firstreq.)
used for planting flowers .'. theareaof AEBD=theileaof AECD (2)
@ The uea
subtracting sides of (2) from sides of (1) then ,
= 2 x the area of the triangle
the rea of AABE = the aea of AACE (Q.E.D.)
=z x *) x 3v3=9m? (Secondreq.)

g
6'.' E AACB , dralvn on one base and their vertices lie
A ABF has a comon base AB with ZABCD ,
on one straight line ptrallel to this base.
FCDC-
@] A DBC r drawn on one base and their vertices 1ie
. . the area of A ABF = f the aea of Z ABCD on one straight line pmallel to this base.

.'. the ilea of A ADF + the area of A FB C = tn" @ A CnU , the area of A DAC = the area of A DBC
\ and the rea of A DAC - the uea of A DMC
arcaof I f ABCD (1)
= the uea of A DBC - the area of A DMC
'. 4 EBC has a common base BC with ZABCD ,
Ec;6 tr
. . the ruea of A EBC = j ttre area of u ABCD (2) '.' D is the midpoint of IB , E is the midpoint of AC
from (1) and (2) ... DE-// BC

.. the area of AADF + the area of A FBC = the area '. 4 A BDE CDE have the common base DE ,
ofA EBC pvttc '
Subtracting the area of A FBC from both sides .'. theareaof ABDE=theileaof ACDE (Q.E.D.)

32
 Answers of Unjt Four
g .. the area of A MCE = the area of A MBE (2)

'.' A A ACE r ADE have the common base AE subtractilrg (2) from (l)
,arltcn .'. the area of thc figure ABEM
.'. the aea of A ACE = the area of A ADE = the area oi the figure DMEC (Q.E.D.)
Adding the al€a of A ABE to both sides
.'. the area of A ABC = the area of the figure ABED IE
(Q.E.D.) '.' A A ABC : DBC have the same base EE
,EC//AD
tr .'. tl)e area of AABC = the area of A DBC
'. 4 AADB rADC have the cornmon base AD
subtracting the arca of A MBC from both sides
, aDll sc
.'. the arca of AAMB = the area of A DMC (1)
.'. the area of A ADB = the area of A ADC (i)
'.' AD is
'. 4 A MBX r MCY have equal bases in length and
a median in A BDE
on one straight line and they arc commotr itr the
..theareaofAADE=theareaofAADB (2)
vertex M
from (1) and (2)
.'. the arca of A MBX = the area of A MCY (2)
.'. theileaof AADC=theareaof AADE (Q.E.D.)
Adding (1) and (2)

xt .. the area ofthe figure ABXM = the area ofthe

'. 4 A AXF r CYF have equal bases in lengths figure DCYM (Q.E.D.)
,xy t nc
.'. theaeaof AAXF=theareaof ACYF (l) tn
'.' A A ABD : ACD have the same base ID
'.' BF is a median in A BXY
,aott BC
.'. the area ofA BFX = the area ofA BFY (2)
.'. the uea of A ABD = the area of A ACD
adding (1) and (2)
subtracting the area of A AMD fiom both sides
.'. the area of A ABF = the area of A CBF (Q.E.D.)
.'. theareaof AABM=theareaof ADCM (l)
tr '. AB is a median in A AYM
'. X is the midpoint of AE r Y is rhe midpoint of AC .'. theareaof AABM=theareaof AAYB (2)
... xv / sc '.' DC is a median in A DMX
'. 4 A XYE , XYB have lhe common base XY .'. the aea of A DMC = the area of A DCX (3)
,XY-/i EE from (l ) , (2) and (3)
.'. the area of A XYE = the area of A XYB (1)
.'. the area of A AYB = the area of A DCX (Q.E.D.)
'.' IY is a median in A ABY
.'. the area of A XYB = the trea of A AXY (2) @
from (1) and (2) '. 4 A ADB r ADC have the same base AD , nC I p,O

.'. the area of A XYE = the rea of AAXY (Q.E.D.) .'. the area of A ADB = the area of A ADC
subtractilg the area of A AMD fron both sides
tr .. theareaofAAMB=theareaofADMC (l)
'.' A AABC r DBC have the common base BC
'. MD is a median in A EMC
,ECZAD
. . the area of A MDE = the mea of A DMC (2)
.'. theareaof AABC=theareaof ADBC (1)
from (l) and (2)
'.' ME i. u median in A MBC
.'. theareaof AMDE=theareaof AAMB (Q.E.D.)

(r: r) Y o / d,r&l Y/ (rqql) otJot+q,re$l 33

 Geometry
,l ' a
'.' A A ABD r ACD have the corlmon base AD- '.' A XFN has a comon base FN with the squme

,ap/sc DEFN
'XCED
.'. the arcaof AABD=theareaof AACD .'. the uea of A XFN = the mea of the square DEFN
{
subtracting the area of A AMD from both sides =t"nx12=72cr*
. . the area of A ABM = the area of A DMC (1)
'.' Y-F is a median in A XFN
'. MEisamedianinAABM ... the mea of A XYn = the mea of A XFN
.'. the area of A AEM = the area of A ABM (2)
{
{ =| x72=36 cr*
'. DN is a median in A DMC
. . rhc area of A DNC = ]2 rhe arca ol'A DMC (3)
IE
from (1) , (2) and (3) '. D-EimmedianinAADC
.'. theareaof AAEM=theareaof ADNC (Q.E.D.) .'. the area of A DEC = 1 te area of A ADC
)-
.'. theueaof AADC=2x5 = 10cm?
@ '. AD- is a median in AABC
'.' A A ABE , DCE have equal bases in length , aO ll nC
.'. the area of A ADC = the rea of A ABC
.'. the uea of A ABE = the area of A DCE ]
Adding the area of A EBC to both sides
.'. the rea of AABC = 2 x 10 = 20 cm? (Q.p.p.)

. the area of the figure ABCE afr

IIJ
= the area of the figure DEBC (Q.E.D.)
'. BE is a median in AABC
.'. The aea of A ABE = the rea of A CBE (1)
IE
'. AABC has a comonbase BC withZABCD , .' DE is a median in A ADC

.'. the aea of AABC = j the mea of l-7ABCD (1) .'. The area of A ADE = the area of A CDE (2)

'. AE is a median in AABC adding (1) and (2)

.'. the rea of AABf =

{ the uea of AABC (2) .'. The area of A ABD = the rea of A CBD

from (1) and (2) .'. The area oIA BCD = 12 x 8 x b = 24 cml.
... theaeaof AAB"=
+ " + theueaof ZABCD .'. The area of the fi gure ABCD = 24 + 24 = 48 cm?.

(Q.E.D.)
= f theareaof ZABCD
l:',',
ID
'.' A BCE has the common base BC with ZABCD '. 4 A AXM r DYM have equal bases in length and on
one straight line and they have the sarne veftex M
,E€AD
.'. theareaof AAXM=thealeaof ADYM (i)
.'. the area of A BCe =
{ the area of ZABCD
'. 4 A ABC . DCB have the same base BC . gC /i AD-
.'. the uea of AABE + the rea of A DEC
.. theareaof AABC=theareaof ADCB
= !2Zthe area of I JABCD = J x 48 = 24 cm?
subtracting the area of A BMC from both sides
'.' A A ABE : DEC have equal bases in length
.'. theareaof AABM=theareaof ADCM (2)
, EC //AD-
Adding (1) and (2)
.'. the rea of A ABE = the area of A DEC
.'. the area of the figure ABMX = the area of the
= \z x z4 - t2 cm? (Q.E.D.)
figure DCMY (Q.E.D.)

34
 Answels of Unit Four
a it'l
'. 4 BFC rZABCD have the comon base BC
'. 4 A ABC r DBC have the common base BC
and they are included between two paral1e1 , nc ll ,qn
straight lines one of them canies this base .'. theareaof AABC=theareaof ADBC
.'. rheareaof A BFC= +'2 thetreaof ZTABCD (l) subtracting the arca of A BMC from both sides
'. E-F is a median in A FEC .'. the area of AABM = the area of A DMC (1)
.'. the area of A BFC = j the area of A FE C (Z) '. 4 A DMC . EMC have the common base MC
from (1) and (2) ,tvtc ttos
.'. the aea of A FEC = the uea of D ABCD (Q.E.D.) .'. the area of A DMC = the area of A EMC (2)
from (1) and (2)
@ . . the alea of A ABM = the are a of A DMC = the area
'. 4 A ADB IADC have the same base AD- of A EMC (Q.E.D. 1)
,SC//AD '.' the area of A DMC = the area of A EMC

.'. the rea of AADB = the aea of AADC Adding the area of A BMC to both sides
subtracting the area of A AFD from both sides .. thereaof ADBC=thereaof AEBM (Q.E.D.2)

.'. theareaofAAFB
'.' BF is a median in A
=theareaofADFC
ABE
(1)
6
...1BE
= FC and adding EF to both sides
.'. the ilea of A AFB = the area of A BFC (2) 't BF=EC
from (1) md (2) '. 4 A ABF r DEC have equal bases in length and
.'. the areaof ADFC=the aeaofABFE (Q.E.D.) on one straight line , do tt sc
.'. the rea of A ABF = the mea of A DEC
.'. the ada of the figTABCD - the area of AABF = the rea
', 4 A ADB ADC have tho common base AD-
' of the figure ABCD - the aea of A DEC
,P;Ctt AD .'. the trea of the figure AFCD = the aea of the
.'. the area of A ADB = the area of A ADC figure ABED (Q.E.D.)
subtracting the area of A ADE from both sides
.. theareaof AABE=theareaof ADEC (1) a
'. 4 A DEC . ECF have the common base EC '. 4 A ABC r DBC have the comon base

,nfllSC nC,SC//AD
..theareaofADEC=theareaofAECF (2) .'. the area of AABC = the rea of A DBC
from (1) and (2) subtracting the mea of A BMC from both sides
.'. theareaof AABE=theareaof AECF (Q.E.D.) .'. the uea of A ABM = the rea of A DMC
(First req.)
tn the arca of A ABM = 3 times the arca of A BMC
'.' ABCD is a parallelogram r AC is a diagonal in it the area of A ABM = 3 x 20 = 60 cm?
.'. the uea of AACD = the aea of AABC (1)
.'. the area of A ABC = 60 + 20 = 80 cm?
'. 4 A ABC r EBD have eqr.ralbases in lergth and on
'.' A ABC has a common base EE with.the rectangle
one straight line ,CE ll AD
drawn on Be anri another base on AD , A €;6
the area of A ABC = the area of A EBD (2)
. . the area ol- A ABq- = {I rhe trea of rhe recrangle
from (1) and (2)
.'. the ilea of the required rccta[gle = 2 x 80 = 160 crn?
the area of A EBD = the area of A ACD (Q.E.D.) (Second req.)

35
 Geometry
@ thc area of A DEB = the area of A DEC

Construction : Draw AD bul they have llre comrrun base DE rnd on one
side of it.
Proof:
'. 4 A FAC r DAC have the ... rrB ll ec (Q.E.D.)

Ie r'o ac
common base , Z
DAC (1)
E
.'. the area of A FAC = the area of A '.'AB =AC
'. 4 A AEB ; ADC have equal bases in length and on .'. m (z ABC) = m (L AcB)
one straight line and they have the sallle veftex A
,'. A A EBC and DCB in them
.'. the area of A AEB = the area of A ADC (Z)
(1
II m BEC) = m (Z CDB) = 90"
from (1) and (2)
I
I
m (z EBC) = m (z DCB)
. . the area of A FAC = the area of A AEB
I BC is a common side.
Adding the area of A ABC to both sides '. AEBC=ADCB
. . the area of A FBC = the area of A AEC (Q.E.D.)
.'. the area of A EBC = the uea of A DCB

elA but they have the colnmon base BC and on one

side of it.
Construalion:DLawIX l\ ... eo ll ec (Q.E.D. r)
Prool': "L \ .. A DBE and A ECD have the common base ED
'.' AXi.umedianinAABC
1\\ ,fmttP;C
.'. thc urea of A AXC I \ \\
c x E B .. the area of A DBE = the area of A ECD
=|theareaofAABC Then adding the area of A ADE to both sides.
.. lhe area of AAXY + rhe area of A YXC = .j the .. the area of AADB = the area of AAEC (Q.E.D. 2)
area ofAABC (1)
'. 4 A AXY r EXY have the conrtnon base XY :''
,gl tt XY '. MC is a mettian in A DEC
.'. the area of A AXY = the area of A EXY .'. the arca of A CME = the area of A CivlD
substituting in (1) but the area of A CME = the area of A AMB

. . the area of A EXY + lhe area o1 4 yX6 =j rhe . . the area of A AMB = the area of A CMD
area of A ABC Adding the area of A AMD to both sides.
.'. the area of A EYC = -| the rea of A ABC (Q.E.D.) .'. the area of A ABD = the area of A ACD and they
have the common base AD- anti on one side of it.

4 AD-// BC (Q.E.D.)

)'
'. The area of AABM = the area of A DMC
'. 4 A ADB , ADC have the co,.-o, base AD
Adding the area of A BMC to both sides. ,AD-// BC
.'. the area of A ADB = the area of A ADC
.'. the area of AABC = thc area of A DBC but they
subtracting the area of A ADM from both sides.
have the common base BC anrl on one side of it.
.'. the area of A ABM = the area of A DCNI
,., ,qD IIBC (Q.E.D.)
but the area of A ABM = the area of A ECM
. . the area of A ECM = the area of A DCM and they
'. Ttre arca ofA ABE : the area ofA ACD and srtbtractiig have the cornrnon bn"" ME ol o.e side of it.
^..1
the area of A ADE from both sides. ,., DE // AC (Q,E,D.)

36
 Answers of Unit Four

tr .'. the area of AABM = theilea of AABX but they

'. ABEC have the common base AB and on one side of it
is a parallelogram, Ee is a diagonal oI ir.
.'. the area of A ABC = the area of A BEC
.. rvtX il en (Q.E.D.)

but the area ofA BEC = the area of A DBC

.'. the aea of A ABC = the area of A DBC and they
til
'. 4 A AXM r DYM have the equal bases in length
have the common base BC and on one side of it.
and on the same straight line and they have
... AD-//BC (Q.E.D.) a common vertex M
.'. theareaof AAXM=theareaof ADYM (l)
o '.' the area of A ABM = the area of A DCM (2)
'.' The area of the rectangle ABCD = 12 x 9 = 108 cm?
'. Subtacting (l) from (2) :
the uea of A ADC = rhe trea of the rcctmgle ABCD
+
.'. the area of A ADC I l!8 '. the area of A AXB = the area of A DYC but their
= S+
"*? bases are equal in length and on the same straight
.'. the area of A ADC = the area of A XAC = 54 cm? line and the two triangles are on one side of this
but they have the common base AC and on one srraight line.
side of it. ... eo z sc (Q.E.D.)
... xo tt tc (Q.E.D.)
@
E '.' The area of A ABD = the area of A ACD and rhev
'.' The rea of A ABC = the area of A AME comon I5
have the base and on one side of it.
and subtracting the area of A ABM from both sides. ...E€BC
... ec z AD .'. sc z AD
. . the area of A BMC
= the area of A BME and they
have the common base BM and on one side of it.
'.' A A AED rACD have the common base ID
...8C//BM ... BD-//m (l)
.'. the area of AAED = the mea of AACD (Q.E.D.)

'.' ABCD is a parallelogram.

... ae // DC- .-. eB tt Dc (2)
'',i
'. The area of A ABE = the area of A DEC and their
.'. The figure DBEC is a pmallelogrm. (Q.E.D.) bases are equal in length and on the same straight
line and the tlvo triangles are on one side of the
t:r,; common base.
'.' A EBC has a common base BC with tf ABCD, ... AD-//BC
EEAD .'. theareaof AABC=theareaof ADBC >

.'. the area of A BEC = the area of AABE + the area thcy have the common Uase gC . AD ll BC
ol' A EDC = 1 tlre area of f7 ABCD Subtracting the area of A MBC from the two sides.
2
'. the area of A FCE = the area of A AEB + the area .. theareaof AAMB=theareaof ADMC (Q.E.D.)
ofA ECD
.. the area of A BEC = tlte area of A FCE and they :l: :,

have a common base EC and on one side of it. '. 4 A ABD r ACD have the common base ffi
...wlec (Q,E.D.) ,gczao
.'.thearcaofAABD=theareaofAACD (1)
.'l
'. theareaofAABE=theareaofADFC (2)
'. 4 A ABC r BCD have the common base BC ,
Subtracting (2) lrom (1)
nc lr ao
:

'.' the area of A AED = the area of A AFD but thev

.'. theareaof AABC=theareaof ABCD
Subtracting the area of A BMC from both sides.
have the common base AD and on one siOe oiit.
.'. the area of A ABM = the area of A DMC r but the
...-antt w ...ec//AD-
area of A DMC = the area of A ABX ... Br lr sc (Q.E,D.)

37
 Geometry
DXA
@ IE
Construction:
r--r,'-\
/ .'1. \
,\
1., I| .\
l.i
.'. A A ABC . DBC have the common base B-C
, eO IP,C Draw B? , CX

.. theareaof AABC=theareaof ADBC Proof: /. 1 , '\

CYB
. . ]'22
the area of A ABC = ! fte area of A DBC
'.' IT is a median in A BXC
.. theareaof ABXY=theareaof ACXY (1)
.'. the area of A XBC = the area of A YBC
. . the area of thc figure ABYX = the area of the
because d* is a median in A DBC : figure DCYX Q)
B-Y is a median in AABC Subtracting (1) from (2) :

and they have the comon base Ee and on one . . the area of A ABX = the area of A DCX and the
side of it. lengths of their bases are equal and on the same
... xv tt pc (Q.E D.) straight line.
and the two triangles are on the sarne side of the
straight line
,.. AD-// BC (Q.E.D.)
. - A n ADB , ADC have the comrnor base AD-
,F,Ctt AD a

. . the area of A ADB = the area of A ADC .'. A AAMD r DMC, their bases AM and
.'. J2ltheareaof AaDB= I rhearerol'AADC MC.r" on one slraight line and they hrvc
. . the area of A ADE = the area of A ADF a comrnon r.x.^ PI4u = I vc

because AE is a median in A ADB r . . the area of A ADU =

| tne aTl:f A DMC (l)
DF is a nedian in z\ ADC '. A A ADMr AMB theit bases DM and MB are
'
rnrl they hrvr'the cornrnotl base AD and on olte on one straight line and they have the common
side of it. ,".,"* 4, py = { MB
.., AD-//EF ..,AD-//BC .'. the area of A ADLA =
| tn" arca of A AMB (2)

...wttsc (Q.E,D.) From (l) and (2) :

. . the area of A DMC = the area of A AMB and

w) adding the area of A AMD to both sides.
.'. The rea of A XAD = the area of A YAD (1)
.'. the area of A ADB = the area of A ADC and they
and they have the common base AD and on one have one common base AD and on one side of it.
side of it.
... ec//AD- (Q.E,D.)
... xv I ap (2)
'. DXisamedianinAABD m
.'. thcarcaof AABD=2thearcaof AXAD (3) Construction : Draw KE
'. AV is a median in A ACD Proof:InAAKE
(4) '.' M is the midpoint of AE
. . the area of A ACD = 2 the uea of A YAD
. . the area of A AKE = 2 the arca of A AKM
From (1), (3) and (4) :

'.' the area of A ABC = 2 the area of A AKM

. . the area of A ABD = the area of A ACD
.'. the area of A AKE = the area of A ABC
and they have the comon base AD- and on one
Subtracting the area of A AKC frorn both sides.
side of it.
(s) . . the area of A KCE = the rea of A KCB but they
... ec // AD
have the common base KC and on one side of it.
From (2) and (5) :
,., KC-// BB (Q.E.D.)
... eottsctt xY (Q.E.D.)

38
 Answers of Unit Four
.'. The area of the squme = 64 m?
5
o .'. The side length of the squre = 8 m.

,'. The perimeter of the square = 8 x 4 = 32 m,

@ its height r the lengths of its diagonals
@ im side ' the squtre of the length of its diagonal
@ { of rhe sum of lengths of its two prallel bases
a'.
-2 The reaof the rhombus= *I x 18 x 24= 216 m?
@ its heighr, the middle base.
,'. The area of the t rapezium = 216 m?
@ congruent (equal in measure)
@ congruent (equal in length) .'. The length of the middle base = 219 = 13 ..

g g
EThemea=6x5=30cm? From the figure
,{\
:

EThearea= 12x8=96crfr (AB)2=(6)2+(8)2=100

'Gf-Y'
V
EThe area= | x 8 x 10 =40 cm? .', AB = 10 cm.

l+lThe area =
Z
! x2a x I0 = I20 cm? .'. The side length = l0 cm.
.'. The uea of the rhombus
ETh" ureu= x x
{ 10 10 = 50 cm?
=\x12x16=96cm?
@Th. u."u = | A t SZ
" " = "rr* .'. rni mlcr,t =
Erhe area =
(9d) x t2 =84 cm.2
ff = e.6 cm.
EThe area = -Gl-1Q) x 5 = 45 cm?
o
'. The perimeter of the rhombus = 52 cm.
@Thearea=7 x6=42cm?
.'. The side length of the rhombus = = 13 cm
@Thearea= 12x8=96cm? ?
Drawing the rhombus as shown in
g the figure such that BD = 10 cm.
Ea Ec Ea Eu Eb .'. BM=5cm.
Ec Elb Eb @c @b ... AC-.L BD

g ... (AM)2 = (AB)2

169
- (BM)2
lM
InAAED: .'m(ZE)=90' = -25 =
.'. AM = 12 cm.
.'. (AD)2 = (AP)2 + (ED)z = t6 + g = 25
.'. AC=24cm.
... 4p ={x = s cm.
The area of the rho,rUu, = x 10 x 24
.'. The area of shaded part i = 120 cm?

= The area of the square - the ilea of the triangle

IE
=s'-tr^4x3=19cm2. '.' The perimeter of the rhombus = 64 cm.
,'. The side length of the
E rhombus=
The area ofthe rectangle = 2 x 9 = 18 cm? ff=rccm.
Drawing therhombus as D
The uea of the square = 18 cm?
shown in the figure such that
.'. j (the lensth of the diagonal)2 = 18 AB = 16 cm.
.'. (the length ofthe diagonal)2 = 35 rm(1B)=60"
.'. the length of the diagonal = 6 cm. '-' The diagonal of the rhombus bisects the two
mgles joinning their vertices.
tr
'.'
.'. m (z ABM) = 30"
The area of the rhombus = x 8 x 16 = 64 m?
! '.' The diagonals of the rhombus re perpendicular

39
 Geometry
m (Z AMB) = 90" .'. Thc length of the greatcst diaSonal = 4 x 3 = 12 cm.
In the right-angled trimgler the length of the side ... The area of the rhornbus = x 9 x 12 -- 54 cm?
opposite to the angle of measure 39" = j the
|
length of the hyp0tenuse.
IE
: nrvr={x16=8cm. Let the length of the smallest diagonal be 5 X cm.
-.AC=2x8=[6cn. '. The length of the greatest diagonal = 8 X cm.
'. m (Z AMB) = 90' .. Thcarea= I2 x5X^ 8X=20X2
... (B\0'? = (ABF - (AM)'z .- 20x:=2000 ..X2=100 .'.X=l0cm.
..(BM)2=256-64=192 .. The lengths ofthe two diagonals te 50 cm. and 80 cm.
nu =flrz = sfi
...

..BD=2*tt[=tot[.n,. @
Let the lengths of the two bases be 2 X cm. and 3 X cm.
... The arca of the rhombus =j x 16 x 6{i
r
... !ex+ix)=30 .'.5x=60 .'. x=t2
= rzSd: crn? L
. . The lengths of the two bases tre 24 cm. and 36 cm,

EI The area of the trapezium = 30 x 24 = 720 cr*

{trConstruction: D ?cm. A
oro* DEI eC n---l IE
Let the lengths of the two puallel bases be 3 X cm.
Prool :
andZ Xcm.
C 5cm. E ?ah. B
'. n1(Z C) =45" .. Thearea= |ex*zxl"tz
.. m (Z CDE) = 180" - (90" + 45o) = 45o .'.
.. DE=EC=5cn.
tcx+zilx12=l8o
.'.30x=180 i.X=6cm.
. . The area of the trapezium =
[ 1t * tz1 s .'. The lengths of the two bases ile 18 cm. and 12 cm.
"
= 4'7.5 cm?
@ Construction : IE
Let the lengths of the two paallel bases and the
Otaru AE I BC , nP I eC
height be 3 Xm. t 2 Xm. and 4 Xm.
Proof: '.. TIre area=!2 t3 X + 2 X\ x 4 X
'. m (1 CDF)
.'. 10x2=40001 .'.X2=4OO .'.X=20m.
.'. The lengths of the two pmallel bases are 60 m. , 40 m.
'. In the right - angled triangle, the length of the side
opposite to the angle of measure 30' .'. The length of the middle base = !9!q = 50 m.
2
= the lenCth of the hypotetruse.
+ trt
.. FC=5cm.
The arer of the piece of land rvhich is in the shape
.. (DF)2 = (DC)2 - (FC)2 = 100 25 = 75 o[a rrapezium = | i6 + 6$^ 45 = 3l5o m?
.'. DF = 5 \Fcm. sirnilarly BE = 5 crn. and lhe area of the othcr piece ol lrnd rvhich is in

.'. BC=5+7+5= 17cm. tl)c shape of a rhombus = .l , ru x 90 = 3330 m?

.'. 'l'he area of the trapezium .'. The area of the rectangular piece of land
= 3150 + 3330 = 6480 m?
= | 17 r l7r, 51/J= +2 > 2+xsfi=69t[.n,'r
Let the length of the rectangular piece be 5 X

ED .'.Itswidth=4Xm 5Xx4X=6480
Let the length of the smallest diagonal be 3 X cm. ... *=324 ... y=t[tz.+=tz,n.
'.' The length of the greatest diagonal = 4 X cm. .. The length = 5 x 18 = 90 m.
," x=3 The widtlr = 4 x 18 =72 m.

40
 Answers of Unil Four

IE .'. I44 = 8 x BC
.. AD+BC_vv
2 ... 96 = L41= 1g 611,
8
_ AD+ l0
' 2 =' .. AD = 18 crn. (2)
.'. AD=4cm. .'. In the figure AFDE : the two diagonals AD and
.'. The area = the length of the middle basc x the EF hi.., r cach lhe uther. FE I AD
peryendicular distance between the two parallel
. . The tigure AFDE is a rhombus.
bases AD and BC
Frcm (1) and (2) we find that:
.. The perpcndicular distance betrveen the two
The area of the figure AFDE = { en ln
parallel bascs AD rna BC = = S .*.f "
=l"rcxl8=t44cm?
IE
'. The area of A ABC a 'r-r\-- .:,...""'.:..]*
=-|.nc*ae @ '.' X and Y are
1fe _ ,-1.:.""
midpoints of AB and B*C | "_r, " ".r,:"
.'.22s=+x45xAE
XYll ,iC
1

.'. .LH
.'. AE = 10 cm.
The area of the trapezium
... xY=
+ AC (r)
.. Land M are the midpoints of 5E and DA
=l{zt*a)xlo=36ocm? ... r,tvt tt xc , LM = AC
+ Q)
@ From (1) and (2) :

'. The area of A ABD .'. f-l,f llXY,t-V=XY

={nn*ao=},o.r,no .'. XYLM is a prallelogram. (3)
...xY=+AC,xy=jno
=]an,24=+\A.4x3o , but AC = DB (trvo diagonals in the rectangle ABCD)
..AB=18cm ... xY = xM (4)
The area of the trapezium ABCD From (3) and (4) :

4+24 \$=252cm? .'. The figurc XYLM is a rhombus.

- 2
.'. The area of the rhombus
a = { the product of the lengths of its two diagonals
The rea of the frgure ABCDE = the area of A ALE +
= j xr- rvr,,a =
! x 8 x 6 = 24 ctr,-
the ruea of A ELD + the trea of AAMB + the area of
A CDN + the trea of the trapczium BCIfV = j x : x 3 fal .'. (aCl'z= t,qs )2 + (BC)2
.. (AC)2 = 36 + 64 = 100
+ j xsx3+
| x s.6 x 4 +
t x3, + +5'6-i
4 *z
...AC=10cm. ..XY=+AC
= 3 + 12 + 11.2 + 6 + 14.4 = 46.6 cm? .:XV=jx10=5cm.
ffi .'. the height of the rhornbus XYLM =
! =+ t
" .

//N
E
'.' ABCD is a rectangle :
lr,)
MFIAD D5(+rrF*)n '. The area of the ligule EOCD
.'.AB=MF=8cm.
'.' M is the midpoint of EF
l,\12:j
CFB = three times of the area of thc figure AIIOE
a Ll
... t.4tnt = 3 x x ne)Zht
.'.EF=2x8=l6cm. (l) i8 "
.'.6=3xX+l
the area of the rectangle ABCD = AB x BC 2 2
:. X=3

41
 Geometry
IR @
LetBD=5xcm. rAC=6Xcm.
C scm. F '.'5X+6x=33
'. The area of the trapezium = 120 cm?and the
.'. 1l x=33
length of the middle base = 20 cm.
.'. x=3
.. Itq heisht = -!?q = 6 cm.
"20
.'. BD = 15 cm. AC = 18 cm.
.'. The perimeter of the trapezium = 60 cm. and the '
length of the middle base = 20 cm. ... ME=
? MA
.'.AD+BC=2x20=40cm.
:.Vr=lx9=6cm.
..AB+DC=60 40=20cm.
...AB=DC=4=t0crn.
I
the
{ nO " nU
rea ofA EBD =

From the figure : =t"15x6=45cm? (1)

.'. (BE)2 = (AB)2 - (AE)2 = 100 36 = 64 the ilea of the rhombus ABCD = j eo , ac
.'. BE = 8 cm.' similarly FC = 8 cm.
=!*:sx18=135cm? Q)
'. AD=FE
From (1) and (2) :

, . AD+BC=40cm. .'.AD+FE+8+8=40
.'. The area of the shaded pmt = 135 - 45 = 90 crr]
..2AD=40-16 .'.2AD=24
.. AD = 12 cm.

-.BC=12+8+8=28cm.

42
 Answers of Unit Five

Answers of unit five xv ttec (Q.E.D. 1)

AAXY- AABC
Answers of Exercise | 6 AY_XY ...AY=l
"AC 2
AC BC
E Y is the midpoint of AC (Q.E.D.2)
@ angles @ side lengths
E
@similm
@similar
@ side lengths.
tr. Og ll nC , bE is a transversal to thcm
m (Z B) = m (Z ADE) (coresponding angles)
@ equal in measure, proportional Similarly m (1 C) = m (Z AED)
fll congruent @z:+ @similm (conesponding mgles)

a Z A is a common angle.
... DE AE
Eu Ea Ed Eb ." AABC - AADE BC- AC
Eo Eu Ec ".8_9
x-zl ... x=8\21 =fi? " .

E tE .' pg ll SC ,6i is a rransversal to them.

...AABC-AXYZ ... AC_BC_AC .'. m (Z B) = m (Z ADE) (couesponding augles)
XY YZ XZ
Similarly m(I C) = m (Z AED)
6
". XY-_10_AC
5- 7 ... 4g = Z rJ! =
5
14
".. (conesponding angles)

,ay=!}!= 3 6p (the req.)

Z A is a common angle.
... AABC.-AADE
a ...A8_AC
''AD AE
...2=ac
..5
8
In A A ABC and ZXY :
.. Ag = 24 = 11.2
'.' m (L A) = a (2 Z) > m (L C) = m (L Y) 5 "*.
.'. m(LB)=n(L){) .'. AxYZ-ABCA .'. x=11.2-8=3.2cm.
... xY * YZ
BC CA ". xY_3
16-12
(E m (z B) = m (z ADE) (corresponding angles)
; m (L C) = m (L AED) (conesponding angles)
.'.xv=3iJ6=4"," r Z A is oommon in A A ADE and ABC
.'. The perineter of LXYZ = 2 + 3 + 4 = 9 cnt ... AADE - AABC
(the req.)
AD _ DE 4 4 _!
...X+4
...
AB BC -.-x+4 = l-: .5=
3
tr
.. AB _ 3 _ I
..X+4=12 .'. X=8cm.
'xy . AC = 5 = I - BC_ 7 _1
6 2'xz. l0 2' vz 14 2 [:1] m (z DEB) = 180" - 110" = 70"
. AB_
,,y'Y_ AC _ BC .'. In AA DEB ,ACB :
XZ YZ
m (Z DEB) = rn (Z C) r Z B is common
... AABC-AXYZ (the first req.)
'. m(zB)+m(zC)=600 .'. m (z BDE) = m (L A) .'. A DEB - A ACB

.'. m (L A) = 12o"
.DE-EB
..AC CB .. X_4
5 8
.'. m(ZA)=m(zX) ...;6=!.1=21",,.
.'. m(LX) = 120" (the second req.)
E In AA ABE and DCE

o.,.AAXY-AABC m(LA)=m(LD),m (ZAEB) =m (z DEC) (V.O.A)

i. m(Z B)=m (LC) .'. AABE-ADCE
".14_x
...
AB _ AE
.'. m (Z AXY) = m (Z ABC) DC DE 34- 22
but they arc coresponding. -.. --
14x22 ^
x =-=9_cnl
1

34 t]
43
 Geometry
[6]ttrAAABCandEDF; '.' m (Z BXF) = rn (LCXE) (V.O,A)
'. m(ZA)=m(ZE) ,m(LC)=m(ZF) .. A ECX - FBX
A (the lirst req.)

..m(/B)=m(zD) '. AB = DC (properties of Z) .'. AB = 6 crn.

... AABC-AEDF . AC_BC

..EF '. 8 is the midpoint of AF
DF
.'.AB=BF=6cm.
. 6= 8
"x ..x=6'12=9cm. ..[q=cx 2=3 RY-o.tr
lz 8
6-gX
FB-BX
il .. BC = 12 cm. . BC = AD (properties of Z)

- the figure XYZL

'.' The figure ABCD .'. AD = l2 cm. (the second req.)
.. m(zD)=m(ZL) .'. m(ZD)=80"
m (1 BCD) = 360" - (125' + 70' + 80") = 85" tll
(the first req.) INAAABC IAED:
..AD_BC
, .6-8 '. m(zB)=m(ZAED) 'ZAisacommonangle
XL_ YZ " i- 2-4 .'. m (Z C) = m (z ADE)
... f,l = !]24 = 1.g (the second req.) .'. AABC - AAED (the first req.)
8 "*. . AD-AE
..AC_AB . 3 _4.5
. . Tlte ratio of enlasement = -L = -lq AC9
2.4 3
(the third req.)
.'.AC= 3x9=6cm. .'. EC=6-4.5 = l.5cm.
4.5
.'. The perimeter of the figure ABCD (the second req.)
The perinetor ofthe figure XYZL

= the ratio of enlargement @

,u
''. ft"p*i-"t*of tn" fig*"XVZL _10
- 3 INAAAED IABC:
'.' m (ZAED) =m (Z B), Z Ais acommon angle.
. . The perimeter of the figure XYZL
.'. m(ZADE) =m(LC)

__-*1r _26x3_"o^.-
91:i'*"11 .'. A AED

... AE _
- A ABC
AD
ARACAB9
... 4_
= .1_
(the first req.)

... Ats = t2 cm.

--.-
'.' AC ll ED r AD is a transversal to them.
.'. m (Z A) = m (Z D) (altemate angles) (l )
.'.BD=12-3=9cm.
m(Z ADE) = m (L C) =93" (the second req.)
'.' LC ttF,O , tE is a transversal to them.
.'. m (1 C) = m (Z E) (altemate angles) (2) IE
...
'.' m (/ ABC) = m (z EBD) (Vo.A) (3)
AABD - AACB
.'. m (Z DBA) = m (Z BCA)
Ftom (1) , (2) , (3)
n (z DBA) = 35'
:
.'. (1)
... AABC-ADBE (the first req.)
In AABC:
...A8_BC*CA
DB BE ED
". 3
6
_BC_
- s s
-IrD '. m(zABC)=180"-(70'+35')=75" (z)
,, BC = 4 cru, r DE = l0 cm. (the second req.) From (1) r (2) :

the ratio of eularge,r"nl = PE = t =2 .. m (Z DBC) = 75" - 35' = 40' (the first req )
(the thild req.) 6-AD
AB_BD_AD ,.9-- ..,AD=4cm.
AC_CB_AB
.'.CD=9-4=5cm. (the second req.)
'. AF // DC , BC is a transversal to then.
.. m (Z FBC) = m (1 C) (alternate angles) IE
In AABC : '.' m (Z B) = 90'
'. af I OC- , FE is a transversal to them. ... (Ac)2 (AB) 2+ (BC)2 64 + 36 100
= = =
.'. m (1 F) = m (1 XEC) (altemate angles)
.'. AC = 10 cm.

44
 Answers of Unit Five

, .' D is the midpoint of AB- t0

..AD=DB=4cm. ...AAED-AADB
in AA AED : ABC : .'. m(zADE)=m(1ABD)
m (1 AED) = rn (z B) = 90" (given) .'. X+20" =2X+5" ... X= 15.
rZAiscommon .'. m (Z ADE) = 15" + 20" = 35" (the req.)
.'. m (Z ADE) = m (Z ACB)
... AAED ^- AABC ii,il
.!!=AD .DE_4 '.' XV Z gN , iZ is a transversal to them
"cB AC '6 -10
.. m (Z Y) = m (Z NBZ) (corresponding angles) (1)
... DE=9/a=24.rn (The req.) '.' XV ll nfr , IZ is a transversal ro rhem.
:- m (L X) = t\ (L BNZ) (conesponding angles) (2)
ftt
INAABAC:DAB: INAAXYZINBZ:
'. ZZisacommonangle.
m (L ABC) = m (L ADB) = 90"
From (1) and (2) :
r Z A is a common angle. .'. m (1 C) = m (Z ABD)
... AXYZ-ANBZ (4)
... ABAC-ADAB (the first req.)
Similarly \ye can prove that
'. 4 ABC is right-angled at B :

A ABC - A NBZ (5)

.'. (AC)2 = (AB)2 + (BC)2 = 9 + t6 = 25
From (4) and (.5) :
.'.AC=5cm.
.'. A XYZ - A NBZ * L ABC (rhe first req.)
...AD_AB-BD AD_ 1 _BD
AB AC CB 354 Fronr (5) we find that : BZ - NZ
... AD = ! Il
4bBCAC .'.BC=8on.
5
= 1.8 cm. (the second req.) ''BC-12
'. DC=AC-AD .'. Z is the midpoint of BC- (the seconcl rcq.)
.'. DC = 5 - 1.8 = 3.2 cm. (the drird req.) ThenZC=4cnt.
Fronr (.1) we tird llar'IZ=JZ
tB NZ rJ7,
'. D is the midpoint of AB
F is the midpoint of Ae
2 =': :. tz - 3l = 51 c,,,

.'. YC -Y.L +ZC = 5 l, + a=9{.,,,. trlrL. rlrird req.r

... DF= BC -ta
+
. DF*1
,,BC- L,!1i
2
similuty: !r= + , !q= I . xy ll ae- ,.qx I ny
.ABIACz
.'. ABYX is a parallelogram.
... DF - _EF _ DE '. tn (Z B) = 90'
BC AB AC .. ABYX is a rectangle
... AABC-AEFD (Q.E.D.) .. BY=AX=4crl.
... 8C=AD= 12cni. ... YC= 12_4= 8 crn.
m '.' A AXM is righrangled at X
Assumirg that tle triangle whose side lengths tre
given be ABC and the other is XYZ .. (AM)2= (AX)2 + (XM)2 = t6 + 9 = 25
'. The two triangles ue similar. ..AM=5cm.
. AB BC AC TheperinEterof^ABc InAAAMX ICMY:
" y'y-_ yZ-_ XZ _ - TheperimeterofAXYZ m (Z AXM) = n (Z MYC) = 90'
... 4.5_ 6 _ 8 _18.5 m ( Z AMX) = nr (l CMY) IV.O,A)
XY YZ XZ '74
.. The longest side is XZ :. m (Z XAM) = ni (Z MCY)
>XZ=32 cm. (The req.) .'. A AN{X - z\ CMY (the firsr rcq.)

45
 Geomelry

...AX=XM_AM .4- 1=s

"8
IA
CY YM CM YM cM
IN AA ABC DEC
..YM=3t8=6cm cM=5t8=10cm.
4
'
:

4
.'. The perimeter of A CYM
1 m(ZB)=m(ZE)=90'
=6+10+8=24cm.
(the second rcq.) , m (z ACB) = m (Z DCE)
'.'AB = CD . AB_I .'.m(ZA)=m(ZD) n'U -,/
CD i

..YM 6_" . AB*YM ... a ABC - a DEC ?#,. !"

XMJ CD XM -*
... AB _ BC
. . The figure ABYM is not similar to the figure CDXM DE CE
(the third req.) l 8^ l0
.. o? = 1.0 ... A8 = = 9 rn. rThe req.)
t8 z
a___
'. DE // BC EC is a trmsversal to them-
tn
2

'
.'. m (Z C) = m (z AED) (conesponding angles) In AABC :

Similarly we can prove that : x+2 x+3 x= 180"

"'
m (Z B) = m (Z ADE) (conesponding angles) .'. 6x= 180" .'. x=30'
INAAADEIABC: .'. m (Z C) = 30",m (z B) = 60',m (ZA) = 90'
Z A is a common angle; m (L C) = m (Z AED), ...A8=+BC
m(ZB)=m(1 ADE)
.'.AB=1x18=9cm.
)
... - AADE
AABC ..'AABC-ADEF
... AD _ AE DE
AB AC BC ... AB _ BC
..DE ...9= ts

''.3_2
(X.l).3 - (x. l).2 ' +
(1) EF
.'. EF = 6 cm.
3 NN
(Q.E.D.)
. 3 _ 2 _y 3(x+t)=2(x+4)
X+4 X+l 12 IA
.'.3 x+3=2X+8
Constr.:
:. X= 5 .'. AB = 9 cm. (the first req.)
EC = 4 cm. (the second req.) Draw: \ ;\
CB-Lan ,PZLXY
Substituting in (1):

,.i)I =i Y l^r2
.'. y =''e'" = 4 cm.
Prmf :
In the quadrilateral XLZF
\
... DE = 4 cm. (the third req.)
'.'m(ZX)=m(ZL)=m (L XFZ) = 90"
.'. n (L LZF) = 90"
'.' nS // AB- ,Id is a transversal .. The figure XLZF is a rectangle.
..m(1 A)=m(zCDE) .-. FZ = XL = 50 t XF = LZ = 70 cm.
d

(coresponding angles)
.'. FY= XY-XF= 120 -70 = 50 cm.
C
r'. DEilABTBC e In A ZFY lvhich is right-angled at F :

is a transversal
'.' FY =FZ
.. m (Z B) = m (1 CED) (corcsponding angles)
45"
r '. 2 C is common ".m(LY)=m(LFZY)
." AABC-ADEC .,, AB ' BC _ AC '.' (YZ)2 = GY)z + (FZ)2
DE EC DC
." AB_4.4 :. (YZ)2 =2500 +2500 = 5000
n- 2-4 .'. -tZ 5o1'[V cm.
=
... 49 = !.S-rl.a = 3.3 p. (The req.)
2.4

46
 Answers of Unit Five
In the quadrilateral ADCE
'. m(zA)=m(z D)=m (zAEC)=90'
:
a
Fig. (1) :
.'. m (1 DCE) = 90" (DF)2 = +9, (DE)2 + (EF)2 = 61
.'. The figure ADCE is a rectangle. . . A DEF is not right-angled.
.'. EC =AD = 40 cm.rAE = DC = -56 cm Fig. (2) :

In A BEC which is rightangled at E : (MN)2 = 169, (ML)2 + (NL)2 = 169

'. m(zB)=45" .', A NLM is right-angled at L
.. m (Z ECB) = 180'- (90" + 45') = 45" Fig. (3) :

.'. m (2. B) = m (Z ECB) .'. EB = EC = 40 cm. (xY)2 = (43q2 = 34, (YZ)z + (Zx)2 = 34
... (BC)2 (BE)2 + (EC)2 .'. A XZY is rightangled at Z
=
.'. (BC)2 = 1600 + 1600 = 3200 Fig. (4) :

(Aq2 = qg, (AB)2 + (BC)2 = 34

.. BC = +s{t.*.
.'. A ABC is not right-angled.
'.'AB =AE+ EB .'. AB 56 +40 96 cm.
= =
Tn lhe two figurer ABCD . XYZL:
E
'. m (1 A) =m (1 X) = 90' Im (z B) = m (LY) = 45" InAABC:
m(ZC)=m(LZ)=135" ' : (AB)2 = 20.25, (AC)z = 36, (BC)z = s6.25
m (Z D) = m (LL) =90" ... (BC)2 = (AB)2 + (AC)2
.'. m (Z A) = 90"
AB e6 4 . Bc
xY- t20- 5 Yz -qo'[, - +
s01/ 2 5 .'. AABCisright-angledatA (e.E.D.)
pc=:_!
=4,^D.=!9=4
LZlU5r.X505 tr
In AABC
...AB_BC_Cp=pA=4 :

XYYZLZLXJ '.' m (z B) = 90'

.'. The figure ABCD
- the figure XYZL (The req.) .'. (AC)2 = (7)2 + (24)2 = 49 + 5i6 = 625
.'. AC = 25 cm.
7 InADAC:
'.' (DA)z + (DC)z = Or2 + eO)2 =
E 225 + 400 -- 625

Fig. (1) :
.'. (DA)2 + (DC)2 = (AC)2
'.' (AB)z = 25, (BC)2 = 1M, (AC)z = t6g .'. m (z ADC) = 90" (Q.E.D.)

... (AC)2 = (AB)2 + (BC)2

B
.. m(ZB)=90o In AABD :

Fig. (2) : .'. m (Z A) = 90" , m (z ADB) = 30"

... (AB)2 225 , (BC)2 400 (AC)2
= = , = 625 ...AB=lBD
')
.'. (AC)z = (AB)2 + (BC)2
.. BD = 15 cm.
.'. m (Z B) = 90'
InABDC:
Fig. (3) :
(BD)z = (1s)z = 2zs, (cD)2 = (8)2 = 64
'.. (AB)2 = 324 , (BC)2 576 r (AC)2 9gg
= = , (BC)2 = (11)2 =2gg
... (AC)2 = (AB)2 + (BC)2
'. (BD)2 + (DC)z = 225 + 64 = 289 = (BC)z
.'. m (z B) = 90"
.'. m(Z'BDC)=90" (Q.E.D.)

4V
 Geometry

tr o
In AABC :
'. AABC is right-angled atB
'. m(1 B)=90" .'. (BC)2 = (AC)2 - (AB)2 = 100 - 36 = 64
.'. BC=8ctn. (The first req.)
.'. (AC)2 = (AB)2 + (BC)2 = 81 + 144 = 225
.'. AC = 15 cm. .'.DC=12 8=4cm.
F-rom A DEC : (EC)2 = 25, (DE)2 = 9, (DC)2 = 16
InADAC:
.. (EC)2 = (DE)2 + (DC)2
(AC)i - 225 . (AD)2 = 64, (DC)2 = 289
(DcF = (AD)'7+ (AC)2
.'. m (1 D) = 90' (The second req.)
...
.'. m (Z DAC) = 90' (The first req.)
OE
'. the arca of the figure AtsCD '. ABCD is a r€ctangle.
= the area of A ABC + the area of A DAC . . A ABE is righcangled at A
. . the arca of the figure ABCD .'. (EB)2 = (AE)2 + (AB)2 = 8t + 144 = 275

=j*0x12+|x8x15 .. EB = 15 cm.

=54+60=1l4cm? (The second rcq.) .'. A DEC is right-angled at D

.. (EC)2 = (ED)2 + (DC)2 = 256 + 144 = 400
n .'. EC = 20 cm.
In A XLY: InAEBC:
'. (z xLY) = 90"
m (BC)2 = 625 t (BE)2 = 225, (EC)2 = 400
.'. (XY)2=(XL)2+ (LY)z =36 +9 =45 (1)
... (BC)2 = (BE)z + (EC)2
In AXLZ: ... BEIEC (Q.E.D.)
'. m(LxLZ)=90'
.'. (XZ)z = (XL)2 + (LZ)2 = 36 + 144 = 180 (2) tB ,F- ---j
From (1) and (2) :
.. noroc,naroc_
;/l '-4 lE
.. (XY)2 + (XZ)2 = 45 + l8O = 225
..epzsE ll
.'. The figure ADEB is a rectangle.
brtYZ=3+12=15
... AD = BE .'. BE = i2 cm.
.'. (YZ)2 = (15)2 = 225
i.e. (XY)2 + (XZ)2 = (YZ)2
... (cE)2 = (BC)2 - (BE)2 = 169 - 144 = 2s

.'. EC = 5 cm. (The first req )

:. n(LYXZ)=9}' (Q.E.D.)
'. DE=DC-CE
g .'.DE=33.8-5=28.8cm.
.'. DE = AB
InAABC:
'.' m (z B) = 90' .'. AB = 28.8 cm. (The second req.)
TnADBE:
.'. (AC)2 = (AB)2 + (BC)2 = 36 + 64 = 100
'.' m (L BED) = 90o
,'. AC = 10 cm. (The first req.)
.'. (DB)z = (DE)2 + (BE)2 = 929.44 * t44 = 973.44
'. D is the midpoint ol AC
.. DB = 31.2 cn. (The third req.)
..AD=5cm.
The area of the trapezium ABCD
InAADE:
= IJ tzt.s
*.lr.sl " l2 = 175.6 cmi (The tourlh req.)
'. (ED)2 = rcs ,(AE)2 = U4
InADBC:
(AD;2 = 25
'. (DC)2 = 1J42.44 , (DB)z = 973.44 t (BC)2 = 169
... (ED)2 = (AE)2 + (AD)2 .'. (DC)2 = (DB)2 + (BC)2
.. m (z EAD) = 90' (The second req.)
.'. m (Z DBC) = 90" (The fifth req.)

48
 Answers of Unit Five

@ IE
InADEC: Construction:
': (DC)2 =225 r (DE)2 = 144 (EC)2 = 81 Draw BD
'
.'. (DC)2 = (DE)2 + (EC)2... m (Z DEC) = 90. Proof: In A DBC
.'. the area of E ABCD = AD x DE = 20 x 12 = 240 cm? '.' m (z C) = 90o
(The req.)
.'. (DB)2 = (BC)2 + (CD)2 = 576 + 3M =9O0

IE .'. DB = 30 cm.
In LXYZ: In AABD :

': (YZ)z = 25 , (XY)2 = 16 t (ZX)2 = 9 '.' (AD)2 = 2500r (AB)2 = 16OO , (BD)2 = 900
... (YZ)2 = (XY)2 + (Zy.)2 ... (AD)2 = (AB)2 + (BD)2
.'. m(LYXZ)=90" .'. m (z ABD) = 90'
.'. the area of AXYZ = x +x 3 = 6 cm?
t .'. the area of A ABn =
f nO x en
(The first req.)
...xp]-n = $ "zo x 40 = 600 cm? (1)

.'. the area of A DBC = BC x CD

...yp.=2J5=2.4".
5
(The second req.) +
= i "*xti=2t6cn* e)
t4 Adding (1) and (2) :
'.' A ABD is right-mgled at D
.'. the mea of the figureABCD = 216 + 600 = 816 cm?
... (AB)2=(BD)2+(AD)2

=(9)2+(12)2=225
c Dsim B (The req)

= 15 cm.
'.' AB ... A ACD is righrmgled at D
IE
... (cD)2 = (AC)2 - (AD)2 = (20)2 - (12)2 = 256
.'. In AABM :
.'. CD= 16cm. .'. BC=9+ 16=25cm.
'.' (AB)2 + (BM)2
'.' In AABC : c
= (8)2 + (6)2 = 100
(AB)2 + (AC)2 = (1 5)2 + (20)2 = 62s ; (BC)2 = az5 (AM)2=(10)2=100
.'. (AB)2 + (AC)2 = @C)2
.'. (AB)2 + (BM)2 = (AM)2
.'. A ABC is right-angled at A (Q.E.D.) .'. A ABM is righrangled at B
'a .'. m (z ABD) = 90' (The first req.)

'. 4 ABC is right-angled at B .'. the area of Z ABCD = AB x BD

.. (AC)2 = (AB)2 + (BC)2 = (4)z + (3)2 = zs =8x12=96cm? (The second req.)

..AC=5cm.
In AACD :
@
In AABC :
... (AD)2 rcg , (AC)2 25 , (cD)2
= = = t++ '.'AB =AC , adt nC
.. (AD)2 = (AC)z + (CD)2 ... m (Z C) = 90"
.'. D is the midpoint of EE
.. the area of AACO = I2 aC r Cu
.'. BD = DC = 4.5 cm.
xS
= t
"12=30cm? In AADE:
| an , nC
'.' the area of AABC =
.'. m (z ADE) = 90'
=txa"3=6cm? j. (DE)2 = (AE)2 - (AD)2
. . the aea of the figure ABCD = 30 6 =24 cm? = (10)2 - (6)2 = 100 * 36 = 64
(The req.)
... DE ={64 = s cm.

(r, l) Yo /6rlul Y/ (oqt?!) oUJoq;LJxldl 49

 Geometry
InAADB: inADCE:
.'. m (1 ADB) = 90" '.' (DC)2 + (EC)2 = (12)2 + (5)2 = 169

.'. (AB)2 = (AD)2 + (BD)2 (DE)2=(13)2=169

= (6)2 + (4.5)2 = 36 + 20.25 = 56.25 ... (DE)2 = (DC)2 + (EC)2
.'. (AB)2 + (AE;2 = 56.25 + (10)2 = 156.25 (1)
.'. m (1 C) = 90' (Q.E,D.)
'- BE=BD+DE
..BE=4.5+8=12.5cm. Answers of Exercise | 8
... (BE)2 = O2.r2 = fi6.25 (7)

Fron (1) and (2) :

E
@a @c @a @c
.. (AB)2 + (AE)2 = (BE)2

.'. m (Z BAE) = 90' (Q.E.D) Ea Ed Ec

IE tE a
'. E3 Fig. (1) . The projection ofA on Ed is D
D is the midpoint of AC :

,fr.ilec (
I . The projection of an on Ed i. os
E is the midpoint of AB Fig. (2) : . The projection ofA on Ed is e
BE= 42 =12cm.
. The prcjection of Ie on Ed ir e
D is the midpoint of AC , Fie. (3) : . The projection ofA on Ed is B
E is the midpoint of AB . The projection ofE on Ed it s
DE=1BC=1x70=35cm.
'22
InABED:
E
Fig. (1) : BC the point B r AB and the point B
(BE)2 + (ED;2 = (12)2 + (35)2 = 1369 '
Fig. (2t : DC , DB , the point A and EA
(BD)2=(37)2=1369
Fig. (3) : XC , XB- , AY and EY
(BE)2+(ED)2=(BD)2
(z BED) = 90'
m
E
oErr Bc trCD [4 the poirt c EAB-
m (Z ABC) = 90' (The fimt req.)

In A ABC : which is right-angled at B E

(AC)2 = (AB)2 + (BC)z = (24)2 + (70)2 = 547 6 trBD tr AE @ the point E
AC = 74 cm. (The second req.) E the point B EthepointB @thepointE

@'p1
Construction' gl'i
@ the point B

:l- \e tr
Draw DE such that DE ll ae | \, \ EDB-,BF Enc-,eC EAF,AE
.anabEosc=tEj ffi @AF,BD @ the point F r the point E
Proof : .'aO/SE,AnZnB
.'. ABED is a parallelogram. a
.. DE=AB = 13 cm. rBE=AD = 16cm. E the point x El the point B

.'.EC-21- l6=5cm. E fte poinr B L! rhe point A

50
 Answers of Unit Five

E @ Dd ls ttre prolection of EC on id
Construction : Draw AD- -L EE In the righlangled triangle ABC at B
Proof: m(zc)=30" ... AC = 2AB

BD is theprojection oraBonid g--lH.l ..AC=12cm. ..DC=AC-AD

r '.' A ABC is an isosceles triangle. .. DC= 12-3 = 9cm. (Secondreq.)
.'. ID is a median in A ABC
... BD
IB
=+BC
Construction : lraw SF -L ED
.. BD = 3 cm. (First req.)
Proof:
In A ABD which is right-angled at D
@ FD is the projection
... (AD)2 = (AB)'z - (BD)2 = 25 -9 = 16
.'.AD=4cm. otBD ontd
qx o = 12 cm? In the right-angled triangle ACE at C
.. The area otAABC = !/
^
lSecond req.) (cE)2 = (AE)z-(AC)z = 4oo 256 = 144
..CE=12cm. '. CE=ED
,_
.- ED= l2cm.
[,:] efvi-_ the projection of FM on EM
^ .. A EBD is an isosceles lrirngte , BF l- ED
In A FEM lvhich is right-angled at E
.'. BF is a median in A EBD
.'. (EM)2 = (FM)2 - (FE)2 = 9 - 1 = 8

... ev =16= z{7cm. (First req.)

... FD = 2I ED ... FD = 6 cm. (Firsr req..1

@ AM is the projection ofBM on ffi E CP i. the projection of AB on i6

In the right-angled triangle EDM at D .. CF=CE+EF
.. (DM)2=(EM.)2 -(ED)'/ = 8- | =7 .'. CF = 12 + 6 = 18 cm. (Second req.)
... py=1/7
",.. @
In the righlangled triangle DCM at C
.. (cM)2=(DM)2-(DC)2=7 @ EC is trre prcjection of Ee on Ed
1 =6
... g14=fi"-. ".
AD- f DC. BE I DC ... AD II SE
.'. The figure ADEB is a rcctangle.
In the right-angled triangle CBM at B
.'. AD = BE = 12 cm. . BE= 12crn
.. (BM)2= (CM)2, (BC)2 = 6- I = 5
In the right-angled triangle BEC at E
... p14 ={i"*.
ID the right-angled triangle BAM at A (EC)2 = (BC)2 - (BF)2 = 169 t44 = 2s

.. (AM)2 = (BM)z- (AB)2 = 5, 1 =4 .'. EC = 5 cm. (First req.)

.AM=2cm. (Second req.) @ DE- is the projection of AB on bd

... DE DC EC
=
IE .'.DE=25-5=20cm (Second req.)
E AD- is ttre prcjection of fE on Id E... pcirIB
In the righrangled triangle BDC at D
. . The length of the projection of DC
we find: m (Z C) = 30" , m (Z DBC) = 60" iB = length of E-C = 25 cm.
on (Third req.)
In the right-angled trimgle ABD at D
@'.'oe=ae ..AB=2ocm.
m (z ABD) = 30' .'. the area of the trapezium ABCD
ap =]I ef cm. (Ftst req.)
+ e5 + zo) x tz = 210 cm?
.'. ... AD = 3 (Fourth req.)
=

51
 Geometry

IE @ DB is the projection of IB on Ed
E AC is the projection of AE on Id ...AD=2r336 =24. .
28
In the right-angled triangle ACB at C In the right-angled triangle ADB at D
(AC)2 = (AB)2 - (BC)2 = 169 -25 = r44 .'. (BD)2 = (AB)2 - (AD)2 = goo - s76 = 3u
.'. AC = 12 cm. (First req.) .'. BD = 18 cm. (The req.)

E AD- is the proiection of CD on i6

A
IB
In the rightangled triangle DAC at

(AC)2 = 225 -144 = St

Construction : Draw AD- I Ed
... (AD)2 = (CD)2 -
Proof : D-B is the projection
.'.AD=9cm (Second req.)
or ae on Ed
'. m (Z ABC) = 120' c
IB
Construction : Oraw PE I Bg
D
.'. In the right-angled triangle ADB at D r

Proof: m (Z ABD) = 60' r m (Z DAB) = 30'

Ei
...BD=lAB
2
@ EC is ttre proiection of DC on Ed
.'. BD=6cm. (The req.)
...ABIBC,DEIBC B

.'. es // DE Answers 9
.'. The figure ABED is a rectangle.
.'.AD=BE=9cm
E
E (AD)2 + (DC)2 E@c)2-(es)2
.'. EC = BC - cm.
BE = 15 9=6 (First req.) ECDxCB @no x oc
E AB- is the projection of De on Ii @nc x.a.o @lna,oec
In the right-angled triangle DEC at E
a
.'. (DE)2 = (DC)2, (EC)2 = 100 - 36 = 64 mc @3.2 lBz4 @2.rc
.'.DE=8cm.
'.' DE =AB E
'.' A XYL is right-angled at L
.'.AB=8cm. (Second req.)
.'. (XY)2 = (xL)2 + (YL)2 = 81 + 144=225

IB ..XY=15cm. (First req.)

.'. EC is the projection of DC on Ed '. 4 XYZ is right-angled at Y ,i tXZ

'.' ABCD is prallelogram.
a . . AB = DC :. (YL)2--LZxLX .'. 144=LZx9

.. DC = lJ q6., Pg = ]2 = 12 su,. '.y7=U!=16sa. (Second req.)

9
16
In the right-angled triangle DEC at E
'. (ZY )2 =l,Z x ZX = 16 x 25 = 4OO

.'. ZY =20 cm. (Third req.)

(EC)2 = (DC)2 - (DE)z = 169 - 144 = 25

.. EC = 5 cm. (The req.)

E
'.' ABCD is a rectangle. .'. m (Z ABC) = 90'
IE .'. (AC)2 = (AB)2 + (BC)2 =36 + 64 = 1OO
@ (a) the point D (b) the point E
.'. AC = 10 cm.
(c) AE (d) AD ...eErAC

52
 Answers of Unii Five

.'. BE=ABfc !rs =4.8 cm. @irstreq)

(xY)2 = (AY)2 - ( Ax)2 = 100 - 64 = 36
=
XY = 6 cm. (Fi$t req.)
(BC)2 = CE x AC .'. 64 = CE x 10
xrrev
.1 cE= # =6.4cm. (Second req.)
.'. xr =
*ir'" =
ufit o't
= t'' (secontl req')

tr (AX)2 = AF x AY .'. 64 = AF x 10
'.' A ABC is right-angled at A , I5 -L BC- .'. AF = 64 cm. (Third req.)
.'. (BC)2 = (AB)2 + (AC)2 = 64 + 36 = 100 '.' A AXB is right angled at X
.'. BC = 10 cm. .'. (Ex)2 = (AE)2 (Ax)2 = 64 = 22s
- 289 -
(AB)2=BDxBC .'. EX = 15 cm.
.'.64=BDx 10 ... The areaof AAXp= j * Sx 15 = 60 cm?
.'. BD = 64 cm. (First req.) (Fourth req.)

(AC)2=gPlgg g
,'.36=CDx 10 '. IZ is the prclection ofTZ onfr,
.'. CD = 3.6 cm. (Second req.)
A YLz is right-angled at L
(AD)2 = BD x CD = 6 A x 3.6 = 23.04 (vL)z =
.'. (I-z)2 = (YZ)z - 144 - 92.16 = 51.84
.'. AD = 4.8 cm. (Third req.)
.'.LZ=7.Zcm. (Firstreq.)

tr '.' IL is the projection of XY on iZ

'. AABC is right-angled at B nO f AC rA XYZ is right-angled at Y .Vl, LXZ
'
.'. (AB)2 =4P x AC = 4.5 x 12.5 = 56.25 :.(YL)2=ZLxxL .. (9.6)2--7.2xxL
.'. AB = 7.5 cm. (First req.)
(9 6)2
'.'(BC)2=CD x CA= 8 x ... 11-= = 12.g (Second req.)
12.5 = 100 1.2 "*
.'. BC = 10 cm. (Second req.) '.' XY is the prcjection of XZ onii
'.' (BD)2=DAx DC =4.5 x 8 =36 :A XYZ is right-angled at Y , Vl- tXZ
... BD = 6 cm. (Third req.) .'. (YX)2 = XL x XZ = 12.8 x (7.2 + 12.8)

a (YX)z = 256 .'. YX = 16 cm. (Third req.)

'. 4 BCD is right-angled at C

IE
.'. (BD)2 = (BC)2 + (CD)2 = 49 + 576 = 675 '.' ABCD is a tectangle
... BD = 25 cm. (Filst req.)
.'. AB = DC = 30 cm.
'.' A ABD is righrangled at A
'.' AADC is right-angled at D , nf'-f AC
.'. (AD)2 = (BD)2 - (AB)2 = 625 -22s = 400
.'. (AC)2 = (AD)2 + (DC)2 = 1600 + 900 = 2500
.. AD = 20 cm. (Second req.)
'.' BE is the prcjection of AB onED .. AC = 50 crn.
'.' (AD)2 = 4P Y 69
r (AB)2 = BE x BD :. 225 =BEx25
BE=9cm (Third req.) .. 1600 =AF x 50
AE is the projection of AD on AE . AF=-= r 600 JZCm. (First req.)
AB=t'D 50
66 = JJ-9 = 12 grn. (Fourth req.)
BD = 25 pp = Ao.lDC = -4!139 = z+ cm. (Second req.)
AC 50
E '. A DCE is right-angled at C , E-F I5E
XY is the prcjection of AY on XE .'. (DC)2 = DF x DE .'. 900 = 24 x DE
:: A AXY is right-angled at X

53
 Geometry

.. DE = 900 = 37..5 IE
24 "*
'.' A ABD is right-angled at B
".FE=DE_DF ... (BD)2 = (AD)2 (AB)2 = 100
.'. FE = 37.5 24 = 13.5 cn. - - 36 = 64
'.' (CE)2 = Pg v PB .. BD=8cm.
.'. (CE)2 = 8.5 x31 .5 = 506.25 .', the area of ZABCD =AB x BD = 6 x 8 = 48 cm?
.'. CE = 22.5 cm. (Third req.) (First req.)
'. an f OC ln operties of parallelogram)
tll r EE is a transversal.
InAACBA ICED .'. m (Z ABD) = m (Z CDB) (altemate angles)
which are righrangled .'. m (z cDB) = 90"
atB andErespectively. '. AB = DC r AD = BC (properties of pmallelogram)
'.'ZCisacomnonangle. .'.DC=6cm.:BC=10cm.
." ACED-ACBA (First req.) '.' A DBC is right-angled ar D ne -L eC
'
... AB = 4C. .'. B-E is the projection of DB on Ed
DE DC
... AC = ltr.6. = 10 cm. (Second req.)
.. (BD)2 = 3P v gg .'.64=BEx 10
3
'. 4 ABC is right-angled at B
.:BE=S=6.4cm. (Second req.)

.'. (BC)2 = (AC)2 - (AB)'? = 1oo - 36 = 64 ,DE=PE I!c= ! I! cm. (Thirdreq.)

=4.8
..BC=8cm.
fF is rhe projection ot AB on IE , nn -L eC IB
(AB)2 = 4P ,49 ... ne r AB
..36=AFx10 .'. 'fhe rea of ff ABCD = AB x DB
AF=ff-=3.6cm (Third req.) .'. 192=ABx16 .'.AB-12cm.
'. 4 ABD is right-angled at B
IE ,C
.'. (AD)2 = (AB)2 + (BD)z = t44 + 2j56 = 400
Construction : Draw ID
.'. AD = 20 cm.
hoof
/' ,,.y4*,1
:
'.
'.' A ABD is righGangled at S , BF f AD
AD is a median in
,r/
/.H ".\ I
t2Lt6
the right-angled triangle .'. BF=NlBo- =9.6"^.
AD 20
ABC drarvn from the vertex '.' 1D8;2 = PP v P4
of the right angle.
.'. 256 = DF x 20 .'. DF = 12.8 cm.
.1 AD=+BC=10cm. .'. the mea of the rectangle BEDF = FD x BF
'. 4 AED is righrangled at E
= 12.8 x 9.6 = 12288 cm.2 (The req.)
.. (ED)2 = (AD)2, (AE)2 = 100 9?.16 = j.84
.. ED = 2.8 cm. @
.'. BE = BD + DE = 10 + 2.8 = 12.8 cm.
...eolE;c,enttoc
, CE = CD - ED = l0 - 2.8 =7.2 cm. .'. The figure AECD is a paallelogram.
'. 4 ABC is right-angled atA , AE f BC .'.AD=EC=6cm.
i. (AB)2 = BE x CB = 12.8 x 20 = 256 '. E is the midpoint of EE
. . AB = 16 cm. (First req.) .'.BC=2x6=12cm.
(AC)2 = gB r '.' The trea of the trapezium ABCD = 72 cm?
CB =7.2 x 20 = 144
.'. AC = 12 cm. (Second req.) .'. 72: + (AD + BC) x AB
2

54
 Answers of Unit Five

.'.AB=72'2=8cm. ... (BD)2

=
p6 * pc .'. (BD)2 = 9 x 16 = r44
18
'.' A ABE is right-angled at B .'. BD = 12 cm.
'. 4 DBC is right-angled ar D ' DF -L BC
... (AE)2 = (AB)2 + (BE)2 = 64 + 36 = 100
DBj;DCl2ll6
BC = 20 = 9.6.r.
... DF = (Firsr req.)
.', AE = 10 cm.

.. AB,IBE .*. (The req.) '.' A DAB is right-angled al D ' DE -L AB

BF =
AE =-8.16
IO
= 4.8
.'. De=AD,IBD = 9
AB lr" =1.2 . (Second req.)
IE 15 "
'.' aS // DC , Ed i, u t *.u".ral to them.
IE
.'. m (Z DCB) + m (Z ABC) = 180"
Construction :
(Two interior angles in one side of the ffmsversal)
Oraw eD-LAC
.'. m (Z DCB) = 180" - 90' = 90" Proof:
'. 4 DCE is dght-angled at C
'. A, ABC is right angled at B
.. (DE)2 = (DC)2 + (CE)2 = 31 169;z (1)
". .'. (AC)2 = (AB)2 + (BC)2
r A ABE is right-angled at B
(z) = 1600 + 900 = 2500
.'. (AE)2 = (AB)2 + (BE)2 = 256 + (BE)2
.. AC = 50 km.
'.' A DEA is righGaugled at E
,...sDrAC
.'. (DA)2 = (DE)2 + (AE)2 o::u"
... ,, = =
40130
= 24 km. (The req.)
... 62s = (DE)2 + (AE)2 (3)
From (1) , (2) and (3) :
tg
.'. 62s = 8t + 256 + (CE)z + (BE)2 The first method :
'.' BE = EC ...625=337 +2(BE)2 '. 4 ABC is dght-angled at A nO f SC
'
:.2 (BE)2 =288 :. (BE)z = 144 :. (DA)2 = DB x DC
.'. BE = 12 cm. , CE : 12 cm. ,BC = 24 cm. j. (4.8)2 = 3.6 x DC
The area of the trapezium ABCD rtgr2
... DC = llj- = 6.4 km. lthe req.)
= !) roc *agr , ec
The second method :

= t <o + 16) x 24 = 3oo cm? (First req.; '. 4 ABD is right-angled at D

From (2) : :. (AE)2 =256 + 144 = 4OO .. (AB)2 = (AD)2 + (BD)2 = 23.94 * 12.96 = 36

.. AE = 20 cm. .'.AB=6km.
'. 4 DEA is riglrt-angled al e ef f On .'. In AA ABC , DBA :
'
.'. AF is thc projection of AE on ID m (Z BAC) = m (Z BDA) = 90'
;. (AE)2=AFxAD .400=AFx25 ,lBiscommon
.. AF = 16 crn. (Second req.) .'. m (L C) = m (Z BAD)
... AABC-ADBA
IE . AB_BC
..DB_BA 6
'.' A ABC is right-angled'at B 3.6=Eq
6

.'. (AC)2 = (AB)2 + (BC)2 = 225 + 400 = 625 ... s6 = 6I! = to km

.'. AC = 25 cm. .'. DC = BC - BD = l0 - 3.6 = 6.4 km. (The req.)

'.' A ABC is right-angled at B , gD f AC

AC
.'. (BA)2 = AD x .'. (15)2 = AD x 25 @
IrtCD=Xcm. ) .', BD=(25-X)cm.
.'. AD=H=s" . .'. DC = 16
InAABC '. m(zA)=90o 'AD-rBC
55
 Geometry

:. (AD)2 = CD x PB ... tU = x(25 _ x\ @ .' The longest side is AB-

.'. lM=25x-* :. vJ -zs x+ tu=o ; (AB)2 = (25)2 = 625
(x-9)(x-t6)=0 .'.x=9cm. r '.' (AC)2 + (BC)2 = 1ZO)2 + (15)2
or X = 16 (refused because CD < BD) = 400 +225 = 625
.'. (AB)2 = BD x BC = 16 x 25 = 400 ... (AB)2 = (AC)2 + (BC)2
,'. A ABC is right-angled at C
.'. AB = 20 cm.

BD- is the projection ot AB on Ed r BD = 16 cm.

a
(First req.) '.' (xz)z = (7)2 = 49 ,
(AC)2=6PxCB=9 x25=225 '.' (XY)2 + (YZ)2 = (4)2 + (5)2 = 41
.'. AC = 15 cm- .'. (xz)2 > (xy)2 + (yZ\2 ... y is obtuse

DC is the projection of AC on BC
.'. DC=9cm. (Second req.)
a
... (BC)2 (10)2
= = 100
, '. (AB)2 + (AC)2 = (6)2 + (8)2 = 36 + 64 = 100
8 .'. (BC)2 = (AB)2 + (AC)2
... Z Ais righr.
In LXYZ t
'.' m (z Y) = 90' B
,YttXZ '.' (AC)z = (15)z =225

:. (XY)z =I\LxI(Z
'. (AB)2 + (BC)2 = (lo)2 + (12)2 = 1o0 + 144 = 244
.'. (AC)2 < (AB)2 + (BC)2
ButxL= t5
-2xz .'. ZBisacute.
... (x!2= $xz"xz ...Xy= lxz
) rlr
i::
'.'(YZ)2=ZtxXZ '.'XL=
*,,
l

:.zL=fixz @ . The longest side is AC

.. Z B which is opposite to AC- is the greatesr
:.(YZ)2=fixz"xz ;.yz=+xz e) in measure.
From (1) and (2) :
'.' (AC)2 = (12)2 = 144 t
.'.xY :YZ=
1*r' txZ=3 : 4 (e.E.D.) , (AB)2 + (BC)2 = (9)2 + (10)2 = 81
... (AC)2 < (AB)2 + (BC)2
+ 100 = 181

@ .'. Z B is acute angle.

.'. A ABC is an acute-angled triangle.
E @ '. The longest side is AC-
@ '.' The longest side is AC t (AC)2 = (L5)2 = zz5 t .. Z B which is opposite to IC is rhe greatest
, ',' 1AB)2 + (BC)2 = (tZ)2 + (14)2 in measute

lM + 196 =34O
'. (AC)2 = (l3F = 169
=
: (AB)2 + (BC)2 = 15)z + (12)2 = 25 + 144 = 169
... (AC)2 < (AB)2 + (BC)2
... (AC)2 = (AB)2 + (BC)2
.'. A ABC is an acute-angled triangle
.'. ZBisaright-angle.
@ '.' The longest side is EE , (AB)2 = (8)2 = 64
.'. A ABC is right-angled triangle.
r '.' (AC)2 + (BC)2 = (3)2 + (7)2 =9 + 49 = s8
@ '.' The longest side is BC
... (AB)2 > (AC)2 + (BC)2
.. ,z A which is opposite to EF is rhe grearesr
.', AABC is m obtuse-angled trimgle at C in measure.

56
 Answers of Unit Five

'. (BC)2 = (16)2 = 256

InAADC:
, (AB)2 + (ACl = (7)'? + (14)2 = 49 + 196 = 245 '. (AC)z =14, (AD)2 + (DC)2 = 64 + 36 = 100

.. (BC)2 > (AB)2 + (AC)2 .'. (AC)2 < (AD)2 + (DC)2

.'. Z A is an obtuse angle .'. I D is an acute-angle, (Q.E.D.)

.'. A ABC is an obtuse-angled dangle.

IE
E eD i. the prcjection of I5 on EE InAABC:
'.' A ABD is right-angled at B '. (AB)2 + (BC)z = 196 + 2304 =2500
... (BD)2 = (AD)2 - (AB)2 = 289 - 64 = 22s , (AC)2 = 2500 .'. (AB)2 + (BC)2 = (AC)2
BD=15cm (First req.) .', A ABC is right-angled at B
In A BCD : the longest side is BD '.' ED is a rnedim drawn frcm the vertex of the right mgle.
,... (BD:)z = 225, (BC)2 + (CD)2 = 81 + lM = 225 ...B,D=+AC=2scn.
.'. (BD)2 = (BC)2 + (CD)2 In ADBC :

.'. A BCD is right-angled at C (Second req.) ... (BC)z

=23s4
, (BD)2 + (DC)z = 625 + 625 = 1250
E .. (BC)2 > (BD)2 + (DC)2
'. AB = DC (properties of parallelogram)
.'. Z BDC is obtuse-angle. (Q.E.D.)
...A8=8cm.
InAABC: :,.,,

'.' (AC)2 = 361 '. ABCD is a rectangle.

(AB)2 + (BC)2 = 64 + 225 = 289 .. AD =BC =24'DC =AB = 16 cm.

.'' (AC)2 > (AB)2 + (BC)2 r '. F is the midpoint of AD

.'. Z ABC is obtuse angle. (Q.E.D.) ...AF=FD=12cm. . DC=16cm.
,DE-9cm. ..EC=7cm.
tr '.' A FAB is right-angled at A
In AABC:
.. (FB)2 = (AB)2 + (AF)2 = 256 + t44 = 4OO
'. m(zB)=90o
rA FDE is righlangled at D
.. (AC)2 = (AB)2 + (BC)2 = 1o74 + 576 = 1600
.. (FE)2 = (FD)'? + (DE)2 = 144 + 8t = 225
-'. AC = 40 cm.
'. A BCE is right-angled at C
In AACD :
.'. (BE)2 = (BC)2 + (EC)2 = 516 + 49 = 625
..' The longest side is I5
InABFE: : (BE)2=625
t'.' (AD)2 =2025
'. (BF)2 + (FE)2 = 4616 + 225 = 625
r (AC)2 + (CD)2 = 1600 + 81 = 1681
.'. (BE)2 = (BF)2 + (FE)2
... (AD)2 > (AC)2 + (cD)2
.'. A BFE is righrangled at F (Q,E D )
.'. A ACD is an obtuse-angled at C (Q.E.D.)

g Ig
h-*--+
Ji'
LEt AC N BD = {M}
Construction :

DrawAe ,'I '.' The two diagonals of D,

the rhombus are PerPendicular

Proof:InAABC
and each of thenl bisccls the other.
'. m(ZB)=90'
.'. MB =MD=6cm. rAM=MC= 8cm. f
.'. (AC)z = (AB)2 + (BC)2 .--_;;___] iu ,AM-IB5 ,. m (1 AMB) = 90'
=25 + 49 =74
57
 Geometry
In AABM :
IB
(AB12 = i41rr4;z *,MB)2 = 64 + 36 = 100 In AABC
.'. AB = 10 cm. '. (AC)2 = 400
'. ABCD is a rhombus ,AD=AB=l0cm , '.' (AB)2 + (BC)2 = 1t3)2 + (11)2
InAABD: +
= 169 121 =290
'. BD is the longest side , BD = 12 cm. c
l
.'. (AC)2 > (AB)2 + (BC)2
.'. (BD)2 = 144
.'. A ABC is obtuse-angled at B (First req.)
, '. (AB)2 + (AD)2 = 100 + 100 = 200
Draw IErEd such rhat
.'. (BD)2 < (AB)2 + (AD)2
EEnEd=1e1
,'. A ABD is acute-angled. (Q.E.D.)
,.. aerEd
@ .'. EB- is the projection of AE on Ed
ED is the prcjection .. Frcm AAEB ... m (Z E) = 90"
oreDonED .'. (AE)2 = (AB)2 - (EB)2 = 169 - (EB)2 (l)
B!
E
'.' A ABD is right-angled at From A AEC :
.'. (BD)2 = (AD)2 - (AB)2 '.' m (Z E) = 90'
=289-64=225 (AE)2 = (AC)2- (EC)2 400
= - (EB + lt)2 (2)
.'. BD = 15 cm. (First req.) From (1) and (2) :
InABCD: .. l6q. (EB12=400-rEB+ il.1:
'.' ED is the longesr side. .. (EB + 11)2 - (EB)2 = 4oO
'.' (BD)2 = 225
- 169
.'. (EB)z + 22 EB + tLl - (EB)2 = 23 1

(BC)2 + (DC)2 = 81 + 144 = 225

.'. 22EB =231 - 171, ... 22EB = 11O
... (BD)2 = (BC)2 + (DC)2
. . EB = J]Q = 5 (Second rcq.)
.'. A BCD is right-angled ar C (Q.E.D.)
"-.
(AE)2 = 169 - 612 K9 - 25
= = 144
.'. AE = 12 cm.
@
'.' A ADB is right-angled
.. (DB)2=(AB)2-(AD)2
ar D
A
//
-'. The rea of A AB c =
| ecx AE =
11jJ2 = 66..1
I
IE
/"
=225-144=81
.'.DB=9cm.
'. A ADC is righrangled at D
/Fr
"s/
1*__/ )
lE
'.' The longest side is

.'. Z ACB is the $eatest

IB
angle in measure
D
.'. (DC)2 = (AC), - (AD)2 = 169 and it is an obtuse angle for
-,;=,: :

:. DC=5 CB=DB--DC=9-5=4cm. (AB)2>(AC)2+(CB)2

IE Comtruction : Draw E-L ffi *her" aS- n Ed = 1A1

Ea lPln E" Proof : . AAEC is right-angled atE
Eu Eb lEa .. (AE)2 = (AC), - (EC)2
i. (AE)2 = 25 - (EC)2 (1)
IE '. 4 AEB is right-angled at E
EC @ acute pl obtuse
... (AE)2 = (AB)2 (EB)2
@right tb I acute @ acute j. (AE)2 = 49 - (EC + 3)2
Eobtuse @acute @ obtuse (2)
@> @= lgl2cm.,8cm.
From (1) and (2) :

- (EC)z = 49 -
@ obtuse-angled [! acute 25
I(EC)'z + 6 EC + 9]

58
 Answers of Unii Five

... 25 - (EC)2 = 49- (EO2 6 EC-9

Answers of qccumulotive bosic skills
... 25 = 40 - 6EC
.. 6E.C = 40 -25 E
.'.6EC=15 Eb Ed @c @c Ed
.'. EC = 2.5 cm. Ed O)c Eb Eb @b
t .^ @d @a @c
,... lrL=rAL Eb @c
.'. m (1 EAC) = 30'

.. m (z ACE) = 60'
a
.'. m (Z ACB) = 180" (The req.)
816 E rzo' lE rz" lE 20+20"'[3
- 60' = 120'
E 60" E 14 El 120 [4 s6
@42 @ lo1D @ 118'[1?] lls"

59
 Answers of Accurnuloiive Tesis

e.swers of the accumulative tests E A@ x+t) @ x-t)

on Algebra and Statistics @Qx+z) (zx-z)
E(:x-z)(x+:)
I Accumulative test lT @x(x+ l) (x- 1)

El Ed [4d @c lnlb E (tx+ :) + s) (1x + :1 - s) = @ + 8) (x -2)

Eb Ea Ea Iqlb lfl1z x-yy 1+ x+y;
I Accumulative tgst I 5;
ffl Au-o){x*+1
@u-s)(x+t) ll Eu Ea @a Bb
E(x-:)(x+t) @c f4d @c @c
@u+z)6+a)
E: (x- D,:r"-4) E Axq+D(x2 -2x+4)
@zx2 (x-t)(x2 +3 x+9)
[d(c+d+2)(c+d+3)
E(rx+s) 19x'-t5x+251
I Accumulative test lZ @W+zy) (x2 -z xy + 4 y2)

E(x+e)(x-t)
Il E" Elb @c [s]c
lBe x+ 1) (x-2)
Eb Eb Eb @c
I Accumulative test f 6]
€ OQx* 1) (x+ 1) E!'-1 I,t ltlb ilqa Eld
E(:x-l)(4x-i)
@zG x+ q (x+z)
Eb @c Ea @c
@Q x-y) (4 x+y) E J)x(z x* z y) (4 xz - 6 xy +9 vz)
E(x++)(x-:) @(x-t)(x2 +1)
@xex-t)(x-z) l(a+2b-3 c) (a+2b + 3 c)
{q

E(x-v) (x+y -2)

I Accumutative test f3l
tl t!d Ed irja L4b E E too Esaoo
@c tdb lZlc L4a | ^A,ccumulative test Fl
Ea
ll Eu Ea Eb Elc
@b @a @c
llB{x+zi2 @c
E(3y-2)(y+3) x- 4) (3 x + 4)
El 8O x' - rc1 1x' - 1) = (3
E(su2-t)2 x (x- 1) (x+ l)

E (sq * l)2 = (loo)2 = loooo @(x2 +zy2 +zxy)1x2 +zyz -zxY)

E{ to-+ul @2+4ab+t6b2)
I Accumulative test l-fl +2+2 x) (x2 +2-Zx)
f4U2 -z) (x2 +z) (x2
Il Eu @c lEa @Jc

[ib lslc Eb [!jd E Esqs [E zao

61
 Algebro ond Stotistics

J Accumulative test I Ij I Accumulative test lITl

ll Er Ec Ea E]c It E" l3ld Eld Ed
@b @d @a Ed Ed Eb Ed @u

@@1zx-2y12 ft [al rhe value ot *=+

@e u2 +gb2 - 6 ab) (2 a2 + 9b2 + 6 ab) [b] The S.S. = {- 3 :8}
E(x-i) (x2+x+t)
@ 1a1 rnes.s.=1-21
p @rnes.s.={s,sy lbl (y + s) (x+ 4)
@1hs 5.5. = {- 6 ,2} Accumutative test lf7l
I
Accumulative test I g
I ]
ll Eu Eo Ec Eb
ll E" Ea Ec Ed Ea @o Ec @a
Ed Ed 7)a @c
fl [aJ The value = 8

A tr+(x+3)(x-3) [b] The value = 10

E(a-:)(x+s)
@ tuirn"s.s.=1:1
f,t [al Ttre perimeter of the rectangle = 24 cm. Dr+
lbl The number is 4
I Accumutative test lltl
i Accumulative test [Ol tl Eu Ec Ec Eu
ll Eo Eu Ed Eb Ed Ed V)a Ea
lglc [rJc Ed @u
E r"ro-| @+
Ee'{, @zs tbl 36

tt [al The number is 1 or -] B t"tO$ @# @1so4units.

lblx(x+2)1x2 -2x+41 [b] The number ofballs = 15 balls

62
 Answers of MonthlY Tests

Answers of April tests

E
@tr
Eb Ea Eb
E
[t ]t Ec lq ld a
E-6 E4 @zto =tou
a
AQx+z) Et 30 E{0,-1} E
22n x22"x2 -22a+2n-4n -20 -
E
1

z x2a"
dT-z)(x2 +2x+4) E
@x 1a-s; +3 (a-5) = (a- 5) (x+ 3)
'.' 3x =27 =3t ." x=3
a ,.., 43*Y --1 .'.3+Y=g
Let the number be X ."y=-3
.'.X+x2=12
.'.(x+4)(x-3)=0
.'.x2+x-12=o
@E
x+4=0
.'. ;. x=-4 E
orX-3 =0 ,', X=3 @a ljJd Eb
.'. The number is : - 4 or 3
a
E
@E E1 Et8125
-
@z

Ec Ed Eb E
'.' (x-2)s =32=2s
a
I zero @4 E3 :. x=4

E .'. The S.S. = {4}

(98 - 2) (98 + 2) = 96 x 100 = 9600
1 32x+2 xz?'.a .2 x+ ) 2x
o L.H.J.=-=J
2/n x 3'^
E(:x+ 1)(x+2) =32=9=R.H.S.
@3 (x3 + 27) = 3 (x +, (x2 - 3 x + 9)

63
 Algebro ond Stoiistics
Answers of important' questions !9 (a + 0.2) (az - 0.2 a + 0.04)
on Algebra and Statistics [1]]x(b + c) + y (b + c) = (b + c) (x+ y)
07)y (x +3) + s (x+ 3) = (x+ 3) (y + -5)

f{la+b)2 92=1a+b+c)(a+b c)
Answers of multiple choice f!xa+4ya+4x'y'-4x,y,
ll<al Erot E(") Etut Et"r
=(x2+zy2)2-4x2y2
=(x2 +2y2 +2xy)(x2 +2y'-zxy)
Et"l E(.1 E(ut E<o @rur @ 81 xa + 4 ya + 36 x2 y2 -36 x2 yz
lll<ul [E(") @rut tB(") lEtur = x2 + 2y212 ' 36 x2 y2
19

lEtul lErur lEor @rul @(") = 19 x2 + 2 y2 - 6 x y) (9 xz + 2 y2 + 6 x y)

E@ ?2<q Eo> @(ut Et"l a

@<ut AG) @rut @(u) @<ot '. x(x+1)=30 .'. x2+x-30=0
Et"l @ro @rol @<") Etul .'. (x-5)(x+6)=0 .. X=5orX=-60efused)
@<"t E(") @rut @rol @tur .'. The width = 5 cm. r thelength=5+1=6cm.
@(u) El("t @r"t E
A..yglC '. The expression : X 2
+ k X + 9 is a perf'ect squtre
EEEE "flgrytlglg S!g9!t"ll._-
ll r @s prx-st Qqx++1
.'. The middle term = tZt[xz
"'[
O = t2
:r6 x
xXx3

E-so @-: E(x+s) Qlzx,3,z .'.kX=t6X .. k=t6

pz , r @z,x @-e lflzs
@t3o @t1z [Ers @s a
3)e .z + z.t)z = (ro.o)2 = roo
lfix2,zx lflz x3 -zt y3 @ 1oo + t;2 = lroo)2 = loooo
@s @)za+l lf,b,x,y @ (7 s - 25) (7 s + 25) = 50 x 1oo = 5ooo
@ts @z l!)x2 +zx+4
@rcx2 @a E io ,+] .ffi
E] x2-8x+15=o .. (x-3)(x-5)=0
E0{-r,3} E)-z,tz @)zero,zero .. X=3orX=5 .'. The S.S. = {3 ,5}
@ of essay quesrrons @'.'x2+x-6=0 .'. (x-2) (x+ 3) =0
^nswers
B .'. X=2orX=-3 {- 3 , ?}
.'. The S.S. =

@ a (x+ 5) + b (x+ 5) = (x+ 5) (a + b) lA ..' x' - t2 x + 32 = o .'.(x-4)(x-8)=0

.. X=4orX=8 .'. The S.S. = {4 ,8}
@1x+r1 1x+:.1 Btx-z) tx-ot
lQlx-211x+rs1 lE(x+:)(x-o) 14'.'x' x-12=o .'. (x-4) (x+ 3) =0
.'.X=4orX=-3 {- 3 , 4}
L4 ((c +a) +z) ((c + d) + :) El(: x+ t) (x+ z)
.'. Tlre S.S. =

@le x-s) (x+z) tsl(2x-t)(x-l) E

l@1zx+211x-+1 Fil(x a) (x+:) Let the number be X .'. X2 + 5 X = 36
AAGx 3)(4x+3) .'. x2 + 5 x-36=0 ... (x- 4) (x+g) =O
lBex+s;14x2-tox+2s) .. I=4orX=-9(refused)
[:'113(x-3) (x2 t3x+9) .'. The number is 4

64
 Answers of lmPOrfunt Questions

a @ll;rryetrileeqpreqelq'-trqi
g+
Let the number be x .'. 2 X
!=r E+ $z @t @s
.,.2x2-1=x ,',2x2 -x- I =0 @roo ZZ @: Pr @-+
.'. (x- 1) (2x+1)=0 .'. X=l orx=-| lB-fi lEt @:. lozs @+
.'. The number is 1 or - f @,ero lfl-t lp+ @r @z
@r @t
tr [@ nni*q.;iuriuy qr"tiqo1. j

Let the two numbers be X'x+ 3

E t- o *'
.'.x(x+3)= 18 .'. X2 +3 X-18=0 frTt,. .^pr".rion = (16 )'-t',(t/, = 1t[ 1o = zs
t
.. (x-3) (X + 6) = 6 .'. X=3 or X= -6 @lheexpression=(fi t )''
.'. The two numbers are 3 : 6 or- 6 r- 3 =(fi)'"t{I t'=$
- z'"' I" =':" " t,'
tr I slThe exoression
\2/.\\2' 2rn.J'n
zn ,32n 2n
Let the width of the rectangle be X metres =22t -20 ,jo = 1

.'. Its length = X+ 5 metres ' t2'f Y(2 ''{)2"

4 I Tlte e^prcssioD = ,* , ,:,
.'.x(x+5)=84 .'.x2+5X-84=O
22n x22n x32t1
.'. (x-7)(x+tz)=0 2an x 32i

:. X = 7 ot X = - 12 (refused) =22n+2i-411 x12t|-2^

.'. The width of the rectangle = 7 metres =20x30= i
o
and its lengfi = 7 + 5 = 12 metres @ Theexpression = (t/, )' "' = 1t[;' =:
.'. The perimeter of the rectangle = Q , t-t't' r]''' Jr] x;.]:-:
IelThcexurcssiou- =
(JJ)I 3lx
;:r,]": \X-12-o
-a)XaXr2
sr3-2 I
IE f-zlTheexpression =$r)'
X
Let the number be ,', X2 + X=20 = (E)^ "3-'= +
(x-4)(x+5)=0 2rr-l.5in I 22n+1r52tr
:. X2+X-20=0
I
.'. G lThe exorcssiort ='----- :L = r2r>52n
tz*S1'?"
.'. X= 4 or X=- 5 (refused) 2n -.2il l-2n
^2nFl
.'. The number is 4
=Z"S-t = ?
r@ a (2 2)'Y* | * (3')l-
Y

@t'_"tq,!p!99n.lce"q!9{E!ai -.lheeXDreSSlOn=-
' (2 x 3)'^

tlru) E<ul @(c) Et"l @t") 22x+2 x3a-2X

Er"l Errr Erul Etul lDtul 22X x32X

^2X12 2X.'a4 2X-2X
@tc) [E<ut @tu) [B<ol lEt"l 4x
lE<or [Etu) @<ar lEr"l
=2?\3a-ax-4x3a
@ru)
and the numerical value = 4 x 3a a = 4 x 30 = 4
Errt ll<o 8("r
(o : r) Y r / 6rl*l r/ (s!r+!) gu -!:!,roldl 65
 Algebro ond Stotistics
E IB
...x-l=2 ...x=2+1=3 '.' 1x + y)3 1x - y)3 = (1x + y) {x- g)3 = (x2 * rz;
_ .,-l
a ((tr: t'- {t/ z )' ) = rt -t1' = (- 4f = 64
'.' 2x-3 -24 ... x-3=4 ... x=4+3=7
tr
E *. ,,_ ( )'-({f)' _2t4_ t6 _"
'.' 3x = 33 .'.4x=43=64 x'-v'- (,1G)'-({t)'- s-3 - 7 -"
tr ID
'.'2x=23 :. x=3 ...53+Y= I O x' * yo = t:1'z + (fz )o = 9 + 4 = t3
;.3+y=Q :.Y=-3 @x-2 x ya (r[i)o
= 121-,
" = i ^
o=
t
it IE
'. (+)"-' (Z)"-' =(tr)'
= + .'. X2+(Xz)2xy2
.'.x-1=3 .'.X=3+1=4
=(f )'. dj "9f,(+)'
. 11 1

tr =1.*"+=1.+=+
'.'({r)'.'=(6f
:. x=4-1=3
g @! ol:ygeof muttipte tions i

.. cx-z - | . tX-2-t 2
ll(") [(c) g(d) @(c) @(c)
.'. X=-2+2=0 @(a) E0) @(a) @i") lE(")
IE @(c) tpo) lpc) @(c) @(a)
'(+)"-^=+ (+)"-^ =(+)' tD(d) lE@)
:.n-4=2 n=2+4=6 E@
^lgrg'.:gg"rpE]9g"rl9Ei
Ito,1 g1 llzero tr+
Eto,11
d+ g? tr+
IE
(,E).-'. =(^E) (G)-', =(^E)-', @svo @?
.'. x-3=-4 .'. X=-4+3=-1 @llf-:a:FGgy qlgGiory-

@
II
,.,1{;'=r:ro ' (+r=(+I" ... x=-4 @ The probabiliry of gorting a number less than
1 = * =,".o
...(?)'.' =(3)-n*'= (i) ' = \+f = Z @ The probability of getting a number greater thm
IE
d=2=1
'63
..' 2xx3x _ 2xx3x I
'', 22x x3x _
y

<zr*f - Z
.1X-2X-zX-X_o-l
- 2 a
. t-X-o 1
E The probability of drawing a cud canies an even

;.-x=_1 :. X=l numoer=

* = *
66
 Answers of lmportdni Ouestions

@ The probability of drawing a card canies a number

a
notdivisiblebY5=t=+ '. The probability that the ideal student is a girl

g =1-0.6=0.4
.'. The number of girls = 320 x 0.4 = 128 girls
The total number of balls = 12 + 1 8 + 20 = 50 balls

@ The probability of drawing a red b il = # = * tr

E The probability of drawing a not white ball '.. S = {32 ; 52 t23 t 53,25,35}
t2+20 _ .'. The probability that the number is m even numbot
- so -E 16

-_26-_ 3I
a g
@ The probability of getting a cild that cmies
divisible by 3 = @ The number of matches the team is Predicted to
a number
fi
draw=0.3x30=9matches
@ The probability of getting a card that carries

@ The probability of losing of the team

aFimenumber= fi = t
=1-(0.6+0.3)=01
g .'. The number of matches the tem is predicted
'. The probability ofdrawing a green ball to lose = 0.1 x 30 = 3 matches
The number of green balls
The number of all balls
12 to
''. !=-6 The number of all balls
I The probability of drawing a card camies
.'. The number of all balls = 2 x 6 = 12 balls amdtivteot6= fi= f
.'. The number of red balls = 12 - (2 + 4) = 6 balls
@ The probability of drawing a cmd cmies
aferfectsquare=f=f
o
I The probability of appeming a number divisible '
bv7=9=zero
E The probability of appeming a prime number less
thanorelualto4= f = {

67
 Algci:ro ond Stotistics
Answers of school book models a ...x2-x-6=0
on Algebraaiid Statistics Ial ... (x-3) (x+z)=o
... x=3 or x=_2 ... TheS.s.= {z ,_z}
E@3II p1 (12)
, r.5
*t:l' =(frt' * 3'2-' e

E :x(!2)
E-s E8 teJ{:l =(€)-o 'r-.,
l4l+
ZI
lslzs I .. r r l
(lz)' 3- 1\2'7 ro8
=
^-=_i

-
@
Etal Etrt E.l(c) E(c) trlG) [E0) E nX nX
[a]'.' j]2 , =2- r

E 2"^ x3^
@1x+:1 1x+sy @ex+1)(x+3) , ax-2x_.-t ,._x ._t
E(x- t) 1x2 + x+ 11

+ 3 (x-.7) = (x-7) .'.-X=-1 ... x= I

@a(x-1) (a+ 3)
[b] Let the number of all h:rlls :: -{
ts
(2)2' xt2 x 3r2n ". 6-7
1_2 :. x= 12
_ *#
-V;-' _,
,r., 22n r22n _ 2on
,3'n
24' .'. The number of red ixlls = l2 .- (2 + 4) - 6
[r] . x'- a x+ 12=o .,. (x-2) (x- 6) = o
Modet exanrination for the merse students
... X=2 or X=6 _.. 11r"5.5.={Z,6}

@
E
[a] Let the number of all balls = X
Ed f"J u i i! i..

r the probability of drawing a white ball @a Flc

2_1 1
JJ3X
s
a
.'. X= 15 . . The number of balls = l5 E5 @? eo lsia4 F,r
[b] '.' 3x = 27 ..3r=33 .'. x=3
.'.43*Y=I ...43tv =40 .: y=-3
E
E(x-y)(x+y) lEl$-x)(x2+zx+4)
E (x - z) (x- s) [a](a + b) (x + t)
II E
[!1 @e,x2 @tzsx3 8y3

Ers 61 5 8r @x 1.3',{ i{:r' [51]/

w E
E(") Etot Et") E(a) E(a) E(c) (22 )" \ (2 x 3)2 n
_
-
22 " u 22
n,
3'
n

2on *32n 24r x32i

ffi _22t+Zn-4n x 32n-2f,
fl12 x-t112 x+ z1 @6+2.) 1x'-z x+ 41

Ex(x-s) =20x30=l
@(x-3) (x+z)
68
 Answers of linoi Exominotion$

E z3'r*J
61 ... VI-\!!J- =26 " 2x\i* ^a
(2 x 3'f'
. 4x-x -4 :. Zzx = 26
.'.2X=6
lIEtur t4(") { rl (") lbl'. x'-t=s .'. x2 =9
E(u) lE(") ,', X=3 or X=-3 ... The s.s. = {: ,-:}

ElBs,x' @4tt E8 !I
g(2 x-3) (z x+ 3)
@1 E-3
@(x+z)1x'-2x++y
B @(x-z) (x+z)
@(x-s) (x+s) @ a (x - 7) + 3 (x - 7) = (x - 7) (a + 3)

@a (x-7) +3 (x-7) = (x -7) (a + 3)

g
@1zx+D@x2 -zx+t)
[a] E The probability of getting a white ball =
@(z x+ s) (x-z)
101
[4 The probability of getting a not red ball

a _3+5_ 8 _ 4
- 10 -10-5
l^l'.' x2-x-12=o .'.(x*4)(x+3)=o E The probability of getting a yellow ball
:. X=4 or X=-3 0^
l0
... 15" 9.5. = {+ ,_ l} @ The probability of gettiDg a red or blue ball
,
z-= _2+5 - 7
-'5 - ro -10
rbr__(13.)' ({r )" * 2,-, =@)'",' lbl . Jx
4=32 :. X- 4=2
z"(tl:)
_ z' _L
-(6r-' :. X= 6 ... The S.S. = {6}

ffi
It:.4

lal'.' 3x-2 =34 ,'. X-2=4 EE(") Ertt E(u)

:. X=6
E(d) Et"t
lbl [ ]l The probability ofthe drawn batl is red =
* rE+
E The probability of the drawn ball is not green
EZ)*,a @4
_4+6 _ t0 _ 7 @x+m @{0,-:}
- 1s -15-3
@ The probability of the drawn ball is white E
_ 6 _2 lal])6-2y) (x+2y)
-15-5 la)(x+2)\x'-zx+4)
,,,aL*!=ffi=,
EE+ @{s,-s} Eo.:
E3 Lq l zero
a (x+3)(x-2)=O
lal'.' X2+X-6=0 -.'.

EB("1 [I] t"t lErdt :, X=-3orX=2

E(") lE I (b) ... The S.S. = {_l ,z}
69
 Algebro ond Stoiistics
X ^2X
DIE(x+z)'z lbl ... {'^2}
.',1 = 3'
- ^zx
J XJ^zx .t
(3') ^ ^3X
5
@ a $ - 7) + 3 (x - 7) = (x - 7) (a + 3)
. 3'" -t2 ^4X-3X ^Z

tr 33X
^x ^z
[a] '. The probability ofchoosing a girl

=1-0.6=0.4
.'. The number of girls = 40 x 0.4 = 16 girls f rz'l'rlzrry'^=--q
.ot ?2ax22xrlo ^rx
,* ,+x _pV-=,
lbl ...xry-r=8 t{=2'
v' When X=2 ... 22x = 22"2 = 2a = 16

'/x\'-cr
'.\y/-- . L-t
..y-- [b] [] The probability of the ball is white = fr = ]
I 3l The probability of the ball is not red

=r!- 8 _4
4 Giza 10105
tlEr"'o @a El1 5 I Alexandria
@tzs @x-t
llE(") E(u) Erat
EEt"l 14(b) @(") E(") lErot
Eoi E(") E@tz tI
...-125 f'l rs

o @a E-3
lal@6- 4) (x + 4)
S 1x + z y) + a (x + 2 y) = (x + 2 y) (5 +
g
@ a)
talE(2x+l)(x+3)
@xa+4x2y2+4ya-4x2y2 @6-z) (x2 +2x+ 4)
=(x'+2y')'_4x'y' (22)'x (3 x 2)2n 2'n zon
x y) (x2
,n, - 'P,22n - - ,
= 1x2 + z y2 + 2 + z y2 - 2 x y) 2o" *32n *in
zo" 24n

X .'. X+ X2 = 12
[b] Let the number be
o
.'.x2+x 1,2=O ...(x-3)(x+4)=0 la)E)...x2-sx+tz=o
.'. X=3 or X=-4 .'. (x-6)(x-2)=0
.'. The number is : 3 or - 4 .'.X=6orX=2
g ... The S.S. = {6 ,2}
@'.,gx2-rc=o
[aj @ '. : x2 + 15 x- 18 = 0 (Dividing by 3) .'.(3x-4)(3x+4)=0
,'. x2 +5 x-6=O
(x+6)(x-1)=0
.'. x=-6orx=1
... x=
f o, x=-!
.'. rhes.s.={+ ,+}
.'.
S.S. = {- O , t}
.. The

@ .. x3 -g x=o ... x(x2 -g) =o tblEx'?y-a=4*4

x' y'
x(x 3\ (x+ J) =0 I _.1 .. I _ t
-r:)'"({'f=E'4=16"
=_1_"
..'.
... x=0orX=3orX= -3
. .-t .l^
.'. ;3 t-3}
TheS.S.={0 tr(d) =(+)=+
70
 Answers of Finol Exominotions

tr 7 I El-$harkia
r,r (3)"^-' _8125
,^'] lltr(c) El(d) E(.)
(?)'"-' =(4.\
\:)/ ...2x-t=3 @<at Er")
...2 X= 4 . v-a
EAn'o @+ Ld 1s
[b] l1] The probability of appearance of a number a-5
@3s t1i
divisiblebYT=*=r"ro
prime number E
3 y) @(x-+) (x*z)
@l The probability of apperance of a
(x+
talE(x-3 y)
=1=+
oz E:(x-:) (x2+3x+s)

6 I El'Kalyoubia DI '. (?)'.'= (?)' .'. x+I=3

IlEtcr Etui lE(u)

El(d) Elo) o (x-s)(x-3)=0
lal'.'x2-8x+ 15=o .'.
ao-3 [fl1x+s; @x+s .', X=5 ot X=3 ... The s.s. = {5 ,3}
@0.4 @{0,:,-s}
[b]... 5x-3 = 52 .'. x-3=2
E ... rne s.s. = {s}
[^]'.' x2 -g x+ 14=o
,.. (x-2) (x-7) =0 tr
1 o2\"xot3\2n 22nr22' rlr
.'. X=2 or X=7 tat z\?;-= ,4"xr/ =
24"
2*=t
... 11r" 5.5. = {z , z} E
lbl The probability of getting m even nu*u". =
*
(:-)-' xJ?-Y- ^2x t 2 *',*
^L*
E] The probability of getting a number divisible
151
(3x2)-" =t;;3"'xZ" =32x+2'2x
-3z=9
tvs= * =t
E The probability of getting a prime number
g _ 6 _2
-15-5
Be x-s) (z x+ s)
@(z x+z) (x-t) I
@a (x -7) + 3 (x -7) = (x-7) (a+ 3)
IlEtor [E(d) E(")
@z (x +z) (x2 -2 x+ 4) E(u) Eo)
tr E1r.ro @s+q"'[i @7
{a1 '.' Zx-t =2s .'. x- 1= 5

.'. x=6
@{0,s,-:} E3
, ... 3Y = (3)a :.y =-z E ,". ,Y ^2x+t -2x
. 3'^*'xts'l^ 3"" x Y' ^)x+t-2x ^
.'. x+Y=6-2=4
(J x 5)" 3'* x lx
[b] @ The probability of the drawn ball is red
lbl let the number be x ,'. X+ X2 = 12
- t2-_l3
_4
.'. x2+x 12=o .'.(x 3)(x+4)=o
E The probability of the drawn ball is not white .. X=3orX=-4(refused)
9
--4+5-
t2 - 12--34 .'. The number is : 3

71
 Algebro ond Stotistics
B E
d. *.f,='[i (".*)'=({:)' E(x-:y)(x+3y)
.'.x'+z+\=j ..x'*{=1 @x' (x-, + a 1;r-.3) = (x-3) (x" + 6)
x" x' E (s x-:) (s x-:)
p1 s={r tzt3t...t15li @z (x3 - zl) = 3 (x - 3) (x2 + 3 x + g)
E The prcbability ofrdrawing a card canying
a mulhple ot tr =
ft- E
[a] E] The probability that the number on the chosen
E The probability of drauring a card canying
cardiseven=fr=f
an even prime nurb", =
*
E The probability that the number ou the chosen

tr y
y a 1) (4 x2 -2 x + t)
card is tlivisible by 3 =
fr
tal Ex (8 x3 + 11 = 12 EJ The probability that the number on the chosen
@x2 + xy - 1zy2 = (x+ 4 y) (x-3 y) card is even prime =
-l
@xz 1x-g +a 1x-3) = (x-3) (x2 + 6) lbl .'2x
2
=25
L4J(3y-2)(y+3)
IblEl .'x2-1ox+21 =o .'. (x-7) (x- 3) = 0
-. X=7 or X=3 ... 11r" 5.5. = {: , z}
@...4x2"*s=l . .2._ in+5
7|,Ozs El{a,-:} @qz
.'- 2"*7 =20 .'. n+7=0 @6 lEr
n=-7
.'.
a
!
lalE(x+5)(x+3)
@z 63 - a) = z (x - z) (x2 + z x + 4)
ml
EAa E-r 9 @R- {s} r22)x'?.(32tx _22x'a **x
t" @ zero
,n.,
1-o1
12x312x 2" r*B
-16 "-z
EEtot E&) El(") =2zx+4-2x -24 - 16

E(") E(") E
la)J)ex-s)(2x+s)
g" (x 1) + 3 (x 7) = (x
fi e'f ., tz " st'z "_ z"', _ 20.,,
z' " .1-
t* @ a - - - 7) (a + 3)

2onx32n Zo,*lLo -Tr"' =, 1ol]..-zx'2 =za ... x-2=4

[b] Let the widrh be x cm. ... x=6
.'. The length = (X + 5) cm.
@,'3x-5=7x-t .',x-5=o
:. x(x+5)=36 .'. x= 5
.', x2 +5 X- 36=O
.'.(x-4)(x+9)=0 @Etc) [4(d) lEl(u)
.'. X=4 or X=-9 (refused) El(u) E(")
.'. The width = 4 cm.
H
r the length = 9 cm.
lal'.' x2-x-6=0 ...(x-3)(x+2)=0
.'. Its perimeter = (4 + 9) x Z = 26 cm,
,.. X=3 ot X=-2 ...TheS.S.= {l ,_Z}

72
 Answers of Finol Exominotions

[b] E The probability of drawing a white EB-z l")4 @ zero

marble = Jl E-1 @a
-fu

B The probability of drarving a red or blue o

,.
ntarDre
13+20
= 50
33 tal E(x- 8) (x+ 3)
50
@(x-5)(x2+5x+25)
@y (x+ s) + 3 (x+ 5) = (x+ 5) (Y + 3)

[a]'.'x'-l x+t2=o ..(x-3) (x-4)=0

llEr"l l?l (") [4 rul .'. X=3 or X=4
E<ol l-s I (o)
... 11r" 5.9. = {: , +}

EEtx- tl Et28 Is]1

tr
7,ezf
tt- ,rzx3)2n
-22nrf).4 =t =t
- zon-'
@q,z E1 24\i;-=-"xr/
,"lrx_,rAX zrrr*X ^6
g tbtf! . v-' :;?r-=20 .. ?:fu.=r"
talE(x-5)(x+5) - ^3X-X .6 .2X -.6
@(x-e) (x-2) .'. 2 x-= 6 .'. x=3
@(x+z) (x'-2 x+ l
= )_
4) ... x-2
f{l lx-2 ... 3 = 3-
@y (x+ s) + 7 (x+ s) = (x+ 5) (Y + 7)
.. x-2=-3 .'. X= I

Dr. (?)"-'=(;)' '.(?)'"-'=(?) '

tr
.'.2x-l =-3 .'.2x=-2 [a] Let the number be : X
.'. X=-1 .'.x+x2=12 .'.x2+x-12=o
.'.(x-3)(x+4)=0
a (x-4)=o
.'.X=3 $ X=-4(refused)
lal'.' x2 +3 x-28=0 .'. (x+'7) .'- The number is 3

... x=-7 or X=4 ... TheS.S.= {-l ,+} [b] E The probability of getting a cild cilrying
It
,0,
({;[. ({,, )- '=
(r/, ),-,'." = (ttrI'= +
anumberdivisible W S = $ =

@ The probability of getting a cad carrying

(1u ) a2
a Pnme numDer = 70 = 5
tr-
lal (7 .3)2 + 2 x 7.3 x 2.7 + (2.1)2

= (7 .3 + 2.7)2 = (lo)2 = rco

IlEtur E<ur E(")
[b] @ The probability of getting excel*t = $ = fr @<al {E(u)

EThe probability of getting good =

$ E@x+s @)4 E 12.s

@3 E20
@ The probability of getting pass = # = *
'Khfr E
EF$heikh': E(x-5)(x+5)
@a(b+ 1) +b+ 1 =(b+ 1) (a+ 1)
IIE<oi I :l (u) E(") E(x+s) (x2-3x+g)
Etot EG) @ x (x' + x - 12) -- x (x + 4) (x - 3)

73
 Algebro ond Stotistics
g [b] @ The probability of selecting a white marble
lal'.' x2 =3 x -3 x=o
.'. x2 _18_9
..x(x-3)=0 -50-25
.'.X=0orX=3
[4 The probability of selecting tr red marble
151
s":l''=5'r x r''r=-5,=L *12 _ 6
) -50-25
tr [.s! The probability of selecting a yellow marble

r; (i)' =(3)' (+r =(+I' IL

= 50 = zcr.o

!1] The probability of selecting a non-recl marble

x- 1 =- 3
.'. .'. X=-2
- 18+20 38 19
s0 - 50-- 25
tblE{3,5}
E The probability of getting a number that is
Qena
divisibleby5=f
IIEst Ers Er
Assiut @6 @s,zy
llEr"l (Eo) E(u) EEtot Ei(") E(")
[4]rar Ettl E<ut lsl(.)
EEt @2s tr+ E
[4 to Er 3)Q x-2) (3 x+ z)
@ a (x- 7) + 3 (x - 7) = (x - 7) (a + 3)
E
talE(5x-y)(5x+y) E(x-t) 1x2+x+1y
@1x+o;1x2-6x+36y
1b] :r=:3
...
...x=3 (1)
!t
[af '.'x2+ 8X+15=0
,'.'4x*!=1 ...x+y=0 .'.(x+3)(x+5)=0
From(1) : .'. 3+y=g ... y=-3 .'. X=-3 or X=-5
.'.TheS.S.={-S,-S}
a --2 5

Ial'. x2-l=8 .,.x2=9 lbllg=x2*s-r=x4

... X=3 or X=_3 ... TheS.S.={l ,_:}

(22tx* l r t3/ r2-" * z'zx'-'-rl^-

tr
15; -" [a] @ The probabiliry of getting a card carying
(2x3y2x 2'^*32x
=22x+2-2x x34
2x-2x arrimenumuer=
S = t
@ The probability of gening a ctrd carying
=22 r34-ax- orrt-tx
a number divisible by 3 =
AtX= 1 * = +
,'. 4 r34 4" 1 = 4 x 3a-a = 4 x I = 4 lbl '.' 2x 2
= z5

E
[a] ay + 5 y + 5 X+ a X=y (a+ 5) +x(5 + a)
=(a+5)(y+x)

74
 Answers of the Accumulotive Tests

Answers of the accumulative tests I Accumulative test f5l

on Geometry
Il E. Ed Eb @a
Eb Ec []ib @c
I Accumutative test [1]
tl [aJ Prove by yourself.
ll trr Ea Ea Ed
lbl 25 cm.

@ [a1 Prove by yourself.

El lu)z+" ?

[b] Prove by yourself.

[b] Prove by yourself.

Et tul E rso
"-? @ ts cm.
I Accumulative test lT-l
tbl 96 cm?
tl Eu Eb Ea @c

I Accumulative test El Eb @c Eb Ed

ll Eu t"lo l{b @c E tul lg cm. , 12 cm.

t5lc Iq]c !la [b] Prove by yourself r 1.5 cm.

@ [al Prove by yourself. ft talx=s , y=:

tb13)24cn2, @+s cm? [b] Prove by yourself.

@ [aJProvebyyourself. I Accumulative test l-Il

lbl20 cm? ,4 cm. Il Eb Eb Eb @d
@a @a
I Accumulative test lE
El tul+om. , 56m.
ll E" Ec Ed @c
[b] Prove by yourself.
@ [al Prove by yourself.
El tul E zs
"-.
[b] Prove by yourself.
@ Prove by yourself.
@ [al Prove by yourself. [b] Prove by Yourself.
[b] Prove by yourself.
I Accumulative test l-0-l
I Accumulative test El BEu Ea Ed @c
ll B" @c @c Ed Eb Eb Ed @c

@ [al Prove by yourself. El tul E ts

"-.
[b] Prove by Yourself @ Prove by yourself.
lbl 12 cm.
B [aJ Prove by yourself.

[b] Prove by yourself. B tul o

"-.
[b] Prove by yourself r 4.5 cm.

75
 Geometry

J Accumutative test JTI I Accumutative test ll0l

ll trt Ea Ec Eb tl E]r @c Eb E]c
Ea Ea @c Ec Ea Ea
El trlae = 20 cm.,AC = 15 cm.,AD= 12cm. E c r AABC is m acute
lul z mgle
: the aea ofA ABC = 150 cm? fbl9cm, > 12cm.
[b] Prove by yourself.
B tal@noveuyyourself.
Et tulEo"-. @9cm.
E)G=4.8cm. r AF=64cm. [b]9cm.,l,2cm. r15cm.
rEY=!sP.
[b] 13 cm.

76
 Answers of tulonihlY Tests

Answer-s of monthly tests

on Geometry
'
.' ' @E
E
Answeis Ed Ec [!jb

E
@E a
E The length of the base x the conesponding height
Ec Eb Eb @ 50 cm.2
lsl5
a
[equalinrea 810 820 E
g '.' A A ABC r DBC have ihe common base BC
,P;Ctt AD
'.' tf ABCD ,17 EBCF have the comon base BC

,iF l ec .. The rea ofAABC = the rea ofA DBC (1)

'.' ME is a median in A MBC

.'. The area of Z ABCD = the area of Z EBCF (1)

r'. 4ABL,ZABCD have the common base AB .'. The mea of A MCE = the area of A MBE (2)

Subtracting (2) from (1)

,L€CD
.'. The area of the figure ABEM
| the area o f tf ABCD
.'. Ttre area of A ABL = (2)
= the area of the figure DCEM (Q,E D.)
r '. A FCL : Z EBCF have the common base CF
, L€BE
.'. The area of A FCL=
+ the arca of D EBCF (3) a
'. The uea of the rectmgleABCD
From (1) , (2) , (3) :

.'. The area of A ABL = the area of A FCL (Q.E.D.)

=AB xBC=4x 10=40cm?
.'. The aea of Z ABEF

o = the area of the rectangle ABCD = 40 cm.2

'. 6M is a median in A DEC (They have a common base AB- ,IE ll tFl
.'. The mea of A CME = the area of A CMD (First req.)

but the aea of A CME = the mea of A AMB :'. A XAF,ZABEFhave the common base IF
.'. The rea of AAMB = the area of A CMD ,X€EE
Adding the uea of A AMD to both sides. ... The rea of A XAF = + the area of L] ABF,F

.'. The area of A ABD = the area of A ACD and they

=20 cm? (Second req.)
have the common base ID and on one side of it.
.. ao ll sc (Q.E D.)

77
 Geometry

Answers of April tests

E@TE
E@3I Eb
E
Ea @a
E
Ea L4b Ec g
fil Ea
a 5
@z
@ the angle opposire to this side is right E
trBC InMABC IAED:
@s:a '.' m (L B) = m (LAED) : Z Ais acomon angle
.'. m (Z C) = m (Z ADE)
E ... AABC-AAED (First req.)
InAABC:
'. m(ZB)=90' ... AB _ AC
AE AD
.'. (AC)2 = (AB)2 + (BC)2 = (7)2 + (24)2 = 625
.'.49=!]-2=6"-.
45
. . AC = 25 cm. (Firsr req.)
..EC=6 4.5=1.5crn. (Second rcq.)
InADAC:
'.' (DA)2 + (DC)2 = (1s)2 + (2O)2 = 625
a
, (AC)2 = (2s)2 = 625 '.' (BC)z = (7.s)2 = 56.2s
.. (DA)2 + (DC)2 = (AC)2 , (AB)2 + (AC)2 = 14.5)2 + (6)2 56.25
=
.'. m (Z D) = 90" (Second req.) .. (BC)2 = (AB)2 + (AC)2

.'. m (Z A) = 90"
a . . A ABC is right at A (Q.E.D.)
trCD tr{c} trAB

78
 Answers of lmportoni Questions

Answers of important questions ,. the rectangleABCD rZAEFD have the

on Geometry contmon base AD . AD // BF

. The area of the rectangle ABCD

IEtrI@
.

= the area of l 7 AEFD

fft!&ryetel rr[eb qho.ceqr".,i"n.{ Subtracting the area of A AMD from both sides

Il<al Eol Etut Et"l E<al .'. The area of the figure ABCM

Glrut E(") Etul E<al [0ta> = the area of the figure DMEF
(Q.E,D.)

lllrut @t"t [E<ur lBtul @t") a

[E<ar tE(") [E<ur lEtur @t") ...IErEE
Eltut @@ E<"1 @<,1 @t"l ,AD-//EE . , ABED is a parallelogram
8<ul ,. the rectangle XYED , Z ABED have the
of co;pleie quest'rons conrmon base bE . ne // bE
ElE@-Answers I

f|tcm. Qz+ f,tequalinrea . . The area of Z ABED

= The area of the rectangle XYED

@+
@ base o one oftwo parallel straight lines including :. theareaof therectangleXYED= 12x24
them. = 288 cm?
Ezo E to Gso . . The area of Z ABED = 288 crn? (The req.)

f,l equal in area

@ equal in rea tr
their vertices lie on a straight line parallel to this
'.' tf AFICD r IABZF have the common base AB
[Il
base ,l.ptt cp
[E3o tEtso @a .'. The area of ZABCD = The area of f-lABZF (1)

lE:o Glzs [Es , .' LJ AMEF. IABZF have the comon base AF
@o @s E)tz ,eFllsE
qu"stio* .'. Tlte area of D AMEF = The area otllABZF (2)
@Ant*"t" of esjay
From (1) and (2) :

E .'. The area of Z ABCD = The arca of Z AMEF

The uea of the parallelogram = 6 x 5 = 30 cm?
(Q.E.D.)

a tr
@The aea of ZABCD = BC x DX = 18 x 10
'.' AA BDX , DCY have equal bases in length and on
= 180 cm?
one straight line and they have the same vertex D
1-8!
@ ov = 4eeee = = 15 "-. .'. The area of A BDX = The area of A DCY (1)

r '. AA DCY r AYD have the comon base DY

E
'.' ABCD is a rectangle .'. aO ll eC ,ov tt lc
... ap lt er' .'. The area of A DCY = The area of A AYD (2)

,'. lettltr From (1) and (2) ;

.'. AEFD is a pmallelogram .'. The area of A BDX = The area of A AYD (Q.E.D.)

79
 Geomelry
a r '.' the rectangle XYED and Z ABED have the
'.' A EBC
'
Z ABCD have the comon base BE comnon base DE
,EGAD ,IElbE
.'. The area ol A BEC =
2
* fn. areaot u ABCD . . The arca of the rectangle XYED

= The arca of ZABED (i)

= I2 r40=t0cm2
. '. A ABD and f7 ABED have rhe corrrrnon base l5
r'. Fis the midpointof 6E
,BCBE
.'. BF is a median il A BEC
.'. The area of AABD =
{ The arcaof t l ABED (Z)
. . The area of A BEP = ]-) fl" area ot A BEC From (1) and (2) :

= |z x 20 = 10 cm? tThe req.; . . The area of A ABD

j
B = The area of the rectangle XyED
'.' The two parallelograms ABCD and AEFD have = j, r fO x3= 15cm? (Thereq.)
the comon base AD
IE
,EFl ao '. 4 EBC md Lf ,ABCD have the comon base Be
.. The area of l-7ABCD = The area of ZAEFD (1)
,Ee AD
'. 4 ABX , D ABCD have rhe common base AB
.'. The area of a EBC = zI The uea oIZABCD (1.;
,xGbd
, .' U ABCD and .17 ABMN have the common
.'. The area of AABX = j The uea of fJ ABCD (Z)
base AB-
'. 4 DFX and D AEFD have the common base DF
,AB-IINC-
,XEIE .'. The area of .ZABCD =ms ar. .r,ABMN (2)
. . The rea of A DFX = {2 The area of Z AEFD (3) From (1) and (2) :

From (1) , (2) and (3) :

.. The aea ofA EBC = +,L The area ol Z ABMN
.. The aea of AABX =The rea of A DFX (e.E.D.)
(Q.E.D.)

o @
'. The parallelogram ABEF and the rectangle ABCD '.' AA ABC r DBC have the common base BE
have the comon base AB
, AD-// BC
,IEritF .'. The aea of A ABC = The rea of A DBC
.'. The mea of ZABEF Subtracting the area ofA BMC from both sides
= The mea of the rectangle ABCD = 3 x 10 = 30 cm? .'. The aea of A AMB = The mea of A DMC
,'. L AW and D ABEF have rhe common base F (Q.E.D.)
, 2l eIJrl
... The ilea of a AFx = -| The mea of z ABEF
IE
'.' D is the midpoint of Ed
= {2 , :o = 15 cm? (The req.)
.'. AD- is a median in A ABC

@ .'. The area of A ABD = The area of A ACD (1)

...IErEE r '.' D is the midpoint of Ed
, e,O llEE .'. ABED is a parallelogram .'. ED is a median in A BEC

80
 Answers of lmporionf Queslions

. . The area of A EBD = The area ofA ECD (2) @ -

Subtracting (2) fi'om (1) :
'. AA XYM r XYC have the common base XY
.'. Theareaof AAEB=Theareaof AAEC (Q.E.D.) , xv lE6
.'. The ilea of A XYM = The rea of A XYC
fi'::
Adding the trea of A AXY to both sides
'. AA ABC r DBC have the common base BC
,'. The area of the figure AXMY = The rea of A AXC
, ,qD rr Bc (Q,E.D.)
.'. The uea of A ABC = The area of A DBC
Subtracting the area of A BMC from both sides
IE
'.' AA ABC r DBC have the comon base EC-
. . The area of A AMB = The mca of A DMC (i)
(Q.E.D.1)
,ao/ec
.'. The rea of A ABC = The mea of A DBC
r '. 8 is the midpoint of BC
Subtracting the trea of A MBC from both sides
.. ME is a rnedian in A BMC
.'. The aea of A ABM = The mea of A DCM (1)
. . The area of A BME = The area of A CME (2)
r '. AA DMC , MCE have the cormon base ME
Adding (1) and (2) :
,lr,tC / OS
. . The area of the figure ABEM
.'. The trea of A DMC = The ilea of A MCE (2)
= The area of the figure DCEM (Q.E.D.2)
From (1) md (2):
.', The med of A AMB = The area of A MCE(Q.E.D.)
IE
'. AAABD r ACD have the comon base AD-
GI
,aOllSC '.' AA ADB r ADC have the common base AD-
.'. The uea of AABD = The mea of AACD , EC ZAD-
Subtracting the area of A AMD from both sides .'. The area of A ADB = The area of A ADC
.'.TheareaofAAMB=ThemeaofADMC (1) Subtracting the ilea of A AMD from both sieds
'. M MBX : MCYhave equal bases in length md on .'. The uea of A AMB = The area of A DMC (1)
one straight line and they have the sme vertex M ,. lAO i. a median in A EMC
.'. The uea of A MBX = The rea of A MCY (2) . . The uea of A MDC = The mea of A MDE (2)
Adding (1) and (2) : From (1) and (2) :

.. The area of the flgurcABXM .'. The area of A MDE = The uea of A AMB
= The area of the figure DCYM (Q.E.D.) (Q.E.D.)

IE @
'.' A FBC md Z ABCD have the comon base Ed '.' The rea of AAMB = The area of A DMC
,Fe AD Adding the area of A BMC to both sides
.'. Theareaof ZABCD=2thereaof AFBC (1) .'. The mea of A ABC = The aea of A DBC and they
have the common base Ed and on one side of it.
'.' FB is a median in A FEC
' ... aD/sc (Q.E.D,)
.'. The uea of A FEC = 2 the aea of A FBC (2)

From (1) and (2) :

a
.'. The aea of A FEC = The area of ZABCD '.' The mea of AABE = The uea of AACD
(Q.E.D.) Subtracting the trea of A ADE from both sides

(1 ,l) I o / d)l&l Y/ (!!lrl) !l,ijoLrLJreHl 81

 Geometry
. . The arca of A BDE = the area of A CDE
.'.xz=ff=no ..x=10
rnd they havc tllc commun br"e DE ard on onc side
.'. The lengths of the two diagonals ae 50 cm. r 80 cm.
of it.
oe /i BC (Q.E.D.) (The rcq)

s)^
...

@
'.' AA ADB r ADC have the common base AD- '. Thetwodiagonalsoftherhombusare
i I\
,aozec perpendicular and bisect each o[her ,h \
...m(ZAMB)-e0" -/_
'\1 ^
.'. The area of A ADB = the area of A ADC
/"
Subtmcting the area of A ADM from both sides ..FromAAMB, \i/*t
.'. The aca of A ABM = The area of A DCM (MB)2=(AB)2-(Ar412 =1tt12 1s12 = 1u V
B
, .' the area of A ABM = The area of A ECM .'. MB = 12 cm. ,'. BD = 24 cm.
.. The rea ofA ECM = The area ofA DCM .'. The arca of the rhombus
and they have the cotmon base MC and on one side
of it.
= { "aC x BD= + x 1o x24= t20 cnt?
(Ths req.)
... nsilId (Q.E.D.)

tn tn
'.' EM is The area of the trapezium = 9 x 6 = 54 cm?
a mediau in A DEC
.', The mea of A CME = The area of A CMD
r '.' the rea of A CME = The area of A AMB
a
Let the lengths of the two parallel bases be 3 X cm.
.'. The uea of A AMB = The mea of A CMD
>2 Xcm.
Adding the area of A AMD to both sides
.'. The mea of A ABD = The area of A ACD ' . ,,)
rhearea ofthetrapezium = ! I t+ I ) ^n
and they have the comon base AD and on one side .'. l8o=1(3x+2x\x12
I'
of it.
.'. 180 = 30 x
,.. AD-// BC (Q.E.D,) -_ 180
.. X=-=O
:Jo
gn .. The lengths ofthe two parallel bases me 18 cm.
'. ,,2 =
The areaof the soru." 1.2 ;12 cm. (The req.)

:.ra=j? ...?=za Etit

.'. r=6cm. In the shape ABED :

.'. The length of the diagonal = 6 cm. (The rcq.) '. 16llEd tm (LB) =m (LDEB) = 90"
w) . . The shape ABED is a rectangle

'.' The area of the rhomOus = j of the product of the ..AD=BE=7cm .'.EC=12-7=5cm
lengths of its diagonals = x 72 = 36 cm? rinADEC:
t '.
.. The side length = 5 m (Z DEC) = 90' , rn (L C) = 45"
#ffi = = 4 cm.
(The req.)
.. m (Z EDC) = 180' (90" + 45") = 45'
.'. n(LC)=m(L EDC) =45'
@ ..DE=EC=5crn.
Irt the lengths of the two diagonals be 5 Xcm. )g Xcn. .'. Thearca.rfrlrctrxneTiu,n=_
),, '.', -
I tz* rrl,s
.'. .'.20 x2 =2000 cm?
lxsxx8x=2000 = 47 .5 (The req.)

82
 Answers of lmportont Queslions

a
InMABC,XYZ:
f[!}.rrrr.,t ,, [ipb,t1.fl1..ti*it f ...A8=9=:
.f
xY3Y7,/,
BC=9=g
tl(a) a(b) E(b) @(a) @(c) AC 12_" AB-BC_AC
"xv-vz-xz
E(d) flrul ltro) p(c) tE(") 'xz--T-"
@(c) @{"1 @(a) @(c) [E(d) ... AABC-AXYZ
(Q.E.D.)

[Eo) [E(u) @(c) @(c) @(d) g

@ tul @(b) tE (") @(a) @
(b) In AAABC XYZ > :

@(") @(c) @(c) @(d) @(c) '. XY // AB , ?Z is a transu.rsaL

gl (b) EE (b) EE (d) gc (d) @ (a) .. m (Z ABC) = m (Z Y) (coffesponding angles)
,',' ac tt xz, tE is a transversal
@olfySn"tdr-p,"*"qrg"&E :. m (Z C) = m (Z XZY) (coresponding angles)
tl sidelengths @ angles .'. n(L A) = m (Z X)
AABC_AXYZ
ft congruent glts ,25 ,35 ,.. (Q.E.D.)

B60" E 1oo" @
ABC : ADE
EA f,t the same point IN AA :

'.'lg ll sC ,IE is a transv"rsal

El thepointB @ equals :. m (LB) = n(L ADE) (coffesponding
[Il (s ,o)
angles)
@ (o,o) , . ne ll gC ,Id is a transversal
IEtrDC- @ The point D :. m (L C) = a (2 AED) (coresponding angles)
lB3 r '. ,Z A is a common angle

lfi) zero @ zero ,1 .'. A ABC - A ADE (First req.)

. AB BC_AC " 5 - 6 _ 4
''eo-oe-nE
lB the length of the prcjection of this side on the 3-DE-AE
hypotenuse and the length of the hypotenuse. ... pp = ! l! = 3.6 96.
5

@ nc ,er ,ec , AE=4 "3 =2.4 cm. (Second req.)

ISEAD- E]AC E]DC

5

@CA EADB,BDC o
IN AA ABC I AED :

@ obtuse E 50" '. m(Z B) =m(1 AFD)=90' rZAis acomonmgle

@@ .. m(1 C)=m(ZADE)
.'. A ABC .- AAED (First req.)
E , in AABC :

'.' The figure ABCD - the figure XYZL '. m(zB)=90"

.'.m(ZD)=m(ZL)=80" .'. (AC)2 = (AB)2 + (BC)2 = (8)2 + (6)2 = 100
.'. From the figure ABCD : .'. AC = 10 cm.

m (z BCD) = 360" - (70'+ 125' + 80') ,. D is the nidpoirrt of AB

= 85' (First req.) .o"=+AB=4cm.

AD BC .6*8
"i-L4 ,... AABC-AAED ... BC -AC
XL YZ ED AD
.6:10
..ED
_.. xL=
6r2.4 (Second req.) 4
=1.8cm.
8
... sp qa 2.4 qm. (Second req.)
=
l0 =

83
 Geometry
tr o
InMDEX IZYX: InAAABC:DCA:
.' nB I Yz, 5Z is a transversal ..AB_12_o BC_18
-'. m (L D) = m (L Z) (alternate angles) DCOCA9
-AC
'ot- -_L-,
, '.' OS tt YZ, EY is a transversal l.s-'
.'. m (L E) = m (L Y) (altemate angles) ...A8-BC-AC
DC CA DA
, '.
(z DXE) = m (z YXZ) (VO.A.)
m ... AABC-ADCA (Q.E.D. 1)
... ADE,-(-AZYX (First req.) .. m (Z DAC) = m (L ACB)
". DX-EX_DE
zx- Yx- yz 15
5
-EX-DE
l8 21
and they are altemate angles

... lo tt sc (Q.E.D.2)
...8a= 5*18 =6s6.
15

,uL=-= 5 x2l I Cm (Second req.) t0

l5 In AABC :

E '.' m (z A) = 90'
InAAAED ICEB: .. (BC)2= (AB)2 + (AC)2 =9+ t6=25
'. an / gC ,Id is a transversal
InABCD:
.'. n (L A) = n (L C) (altemate angles)
'.' (BD)2 = 169
, '. aO ll gC r DB is a transversal
t (BC)2 + (CD)2 = 25 + 744 = 169
.'. m (1 D) = m (Z B) (alternate angles)
: . m(ZAED)=m(z CEB) (V.O.A.) .'. (BD)2 = (BC)2 + (CD)2

.'. A AED - A CEB (First req.) .. m (z BCD) = 90" (Q.E.D.)

, AE_DE-AD
..CE_BE-BC 3 _ 2 _4
'' CE_BE- 8 IE
3x8 gB=24=496_ InAABC:
.'. CE=
44 =6c*.,
'.' m (Z ABC) = 90'
.'.'fhe perimeterof AEBC = 6 + 4 + 8 = 18 cm.
.'. (BC)2 = (AC)2 * (AB)2 = rcg - 25 = 144
(Second req.)
.. BC = 12 cm. (First req.)

tr InABCD:
IN AA ADE T ACB :
"
(Boi'z ="t
'.'ZAisacomonangle , (BC)2 + (CD)2
= 144 4.'dt = zz5
,m(ZADE) =m(LC) ...GDF = (BC)2 + (cD)?
.'. m (l AED) = m (1 B) .. m (1 BCD) = 90" (Secoud req.)

.'. A ADE - A ACB (Firsr req.)

@
. AD_DE-AE
''AC-CB-AB 4_ 5_ 6
"rc-m-AB In AADB :

10-r-6 '.' m (z ADB) = 90'

...A8= = l2cm. ... BD= t2-4=8cm.
5
.'. (AB)2 = (AD)2 + (BD)z = 16 + 4 = 20
,4g=1!9=g".. rinAADC:
.'. EC=8-6=2cm- (Second req.) '.' m (z ADC) = 90"
.'. (AC)2 = (AD)2 + (DC)2 = 16 + 64 = 80

84
 Answers of lmportont Suestions

In AABC : In the figure EBCD

'. (BC)2 = 1gg .. SC-LAB,DETAB ... SC//DE
, (AB)2 + (AC)2 = 29 a 36 = lo0 .'. The figure EBCD is a rectangle

.. (BC)2 = (AB)2 + (AC)2 .'.EB=DC=9cm.

.'. m (z BAC) = 90' (Q.E.D.) ,... AE=AB-BE= 15 9=6cm.
TInAAED:
IE '.' m (z AED) = 90"
'. AC- is the prciection of IB on Id (AD)2
.'. (ED)2 = (AE)2 = lo0 36 = 64

, '.' in AABC : .'.ED=8cm.

m (z ACB) = 90' From the rectangle EBCD :

... ED BC
.. (AC)2 = (AB)2 - (BC)2 = 16s - 2s = 144 =
... AC = 12 cm. (First req.) ... BC = 8 cm. (The req.)

,',' AD is the projection of CD onIB

:.'inAACD: @
'.' A ABC is righrangled at A
m (z cAD) = 90'
,AD-aEC
... (AD)2 = (cD)2 - (AC)2 -- 22s - 144 = 81
j. (AB)2=BD xBC= 16 x25=400
.'. AD = 9 cm. (Second req.)
.'. AB = 20 cm.
, (AC)2 = CD x CB = 9 x 25 = 255
IB ,/'\
Construction: .,/ | \." .. AC = 15 cm.
,€/ | \q 4El3q 2o'
oraw AD-rEe /t\ , AD =
BC =
15
= t2 c-. (The req.)
/t\
/r\
25

Proof: CDB
+- 6cn. + IE ,/l
'. DE is the projection of
AB on BC
In AABC :

'.' m (z B) = 90'
"//l
t"""
/
n,/
lE
,.'AB=AC,eOf
/1:4
19
SC
... (BC)2 = (AC)2- (AB)2
.'. D is the midpoint of Ee
= 400 -256
.'.BD=DC=3cm. (First req.)
= 144
rinAADC: (First req.)
.'. BC = 12 cm.
'. m (Z ADC) = 90'
: . AD is the projection of AB on AC
.'. (AD)2 = (AC)2-- (DC)2 = 25 -9 = t6 , .' (AB)2 = AD x AC
.. AD=4crn.
.'.256 = AD x20
... Tlre arca of AABC = x A x 4 = 17 cm.2
| ... do =ffi = ns cm. (Second req.)
(Second req.)

IE
IE
Construction :
g'l
'- t
...ADBA-AABC
.'. m (Z ADB) = m (Z CAB) = 90'
n'awDE l-fE "a-- 1"8

Proof: ;l.l I t

I
... an r sc (Fkst req.)

BC is the projection of AD- on Ed L__,]

CB
I
.'. In AABC :

'.' m (z BAC) = 90"

85
 Geometry
.'. 1rC;2 = 1en12 + (AC)2 = 64 + 36 = 100 @
;. BC = 10 cm. (Second req.) InAABC:
, .' DB is the projection of AB on Ed '. (AB)2 = tOO"
, '. (AB)2 = BD x BC , (AC)2 + (BC)2 = 36 + 64 = 100
j.64=BDx 10 ... (AB)2 = (AC)2 + GC)2

.. BD = !4 = 6.4 cm. (Third req.) .. ABC is a righrangled triangle at C (Q.E.D.)

t(,
.AD= AB-'-49= 8'o =4.8"*, (Fouth req.) m
BC IO

InAABC:
IE
'. BC is the longest side
'. 4 ABC is right-angled at B
,...exrAC t (BC)z = t44
.' (AC)2 + (AB)2 = 64 + 49 = 113
.. (BX)2 = a4 t a6 '
.'. (BC)2 > (AC)2 + (AB)2
,', 16=2xXC
.'. Z A is an obtuse angle
.'.XC=E=8cm.
,) (The rcq.)
.. Z B is an acute angle

@ r ABC is an obtuse-angled triangle. (The req.)

InAABC:
cn
'. m (z ABC) = 90'
In AABC :
.: (AB)2 = (AC)2 - (BC)2 = 289 - 64 = 225
'.' AB is the Iongest side
rinAABD:
, (AB)2 = Aq
'. (AD)z + (BD)2 = 144 + 81 =225
, (BC)2 + (AC)2 = 36 + 25 = 6t
, (AB)2 =225
... (AB)2 > (BC)2 + (AC)2
... (AB)2 = (AD)2 + (BD)2
.. Z C is an obtuse angle (The req.)
.'. m (Z ADB) = 90" (First req.)
,...oBrae iii B

rAB = 15 cm. L*.oisaparaltelogram

r q ",Nl
.. pE = AD 1BD 12
,.- cm. AB=DC=4cm 'L_\
AB - 15 - i.2 (Second req.) ..
r '. AE is the prcjection of AD on AB TinAABC D A

'. AC
' .' (AD)2 = Ae x AB is the longest side

.'. 144 = AE x 15 , (AC)2 = Aq

6"* r '.' (AB)'z + (BC)'z = 16 + 36 = 52

... Ae =$=9
15
(Thirctreq.)
... (AC)2 > (AB)2 + (BC)2
4 .'. ABC is an obtuse-angled triangle (The req.)
InAABC:
'. AC is the longest side (AC)2 = 81
'
, (AB)2 + (BC)2 = 36 + 64 = t}o
.. (AC)2 < (AB)2 + (BC)2
.'. ABC is an acute-angled triangle. (The req.)

86
 Answers of Finol Exominotions

Answers of school book models lblAreaof ZABCD ,ffi,-Y".

on Geometry -t2 <t5= rtiOcml rFirst req.) / 1,
1s.., t /
@E '. Do = l!9 = l"- o
18 (s..oud ,"qt ! 4 /
E
EAC EC ElThe point A tr
lal In AABC : m (Z C) = 180'- (50" + 60') = 70'
@$q [!]4s .'. m(LC)>m(L B) > m (ZA)
,..A8>AC>BC
E .'. The descending order is : AB : AC and BC
E(c) Etu) E(c) @<,1 Etu) Eo) tbl .' A ABD ACD have the common base AD-
r

, nO ilPlC
E .'. The mea of A ABD = the area of A ACD
[a] Let the two triangles be A ABC r A XYZ
subtracting the trea of A ADE
,. AABC-LXYZ .', The uea of A ABE = the uea of A DCE
. AB BC _ AC - Peilmeterof^ABc (Q.E.D.)
' ' XY - \Z XZ Perimeter of A XYZ

*= i,=h=jf .'. xv=M -r.-

E!@E
ll
,yz=L# = tzc^. ,y7=1'-.36 = 15 r^. @ Proportional in length , equal in measure
@6cm E B !1] obtuse angled triangle
tbl AA CBX : DBX have the same base BX @ base lying on one of two parallel straight lines

"na
bd I IE including them.

.'. Areaof ACBX=Areaof ADBX (1)

a
, AA CYD r BYD have the satne base E(d) E]o) E(b) @(d) El(b) Gl(d)
YP- ana Ed I ?6 g_.--
.. Areaof ACYD=Areaof ABYD (2) ..' AO I BC
, . Artaof ACBX =Areaof A CYD (3) ... Area of AABC =
| x BC xAO =
| xl x5

From (1) , (2) and (3) : = 17 .5 cn?.

'. Area of A DBX =Area of A BYD and they have

, .'BE LAC

the comon base BD

.'. Area olA ABC = j- , AC r BE = 17.5
']*loxBE=171s
.. xv ll eD (Q.E.D,)
.'. BE = 3.5 cm.

!t a Let AC fl BD
[a]'. AABD is right-angled atD lal = tM]
.. AM = 10 cm.
.'. (AB)2 = (AD)2 + (DB)2 = (4)z + (2)2 = 20
,BM=6cn. c R

,. A ADC is right-angled at D .. In AABM : (AM)2 = (10)2 = loo

.'. (AC)2 = (AD)2 + 1oc;2 = 14)2 + (s)2 = so , (AB)2 + (BM)2 = 1s12 + (o;2 = 64 + 36 = 100
In AABC : .' (AB)2 + (AC)2 = 20 + 80 = 100 .'. A ABM is right-angled at B
.'. m (Z ABD) = 90" (First req.)
, (BC)2 = 100
. . Arca of 17 ABCD
.'. m (1 tsAC) = 90' (Q.E,D.)
= AB x BD = 8 x 12 = 96 am?, (Seconcl req.)

87
 Geometry

lbl'. CD is amedianinAABC Hodel examination for the

. . 'l'he area of A DBC = the area of A ADC
.'. The arca of ADBC = the aeaof AABC (1)
+
E
r '. BE is a medim in A ABC Ec Eu Eu
. . The ruea of A EBC = the area of A EBA @o tsla
.. The area of AEBC = 2| rhe uer of AaBC 12)
a
.
From (1) and (2) :

. The area ofA DBC = the area ofA EBC

@ apoint E, @zz
@ are equal in area @ base length
(Q-8.D.1)
and they have a common base EC and on one E
side of it Bz.q [4BEC EACD
DE-// BC (Q.E.D.2) @congruent 836
tr a
lal'. AABC-ADBA Given : Area of the Iigure ABYX = area of the
;. m (Z BAC) = m (Z BDA) = 90" figure DCYX

.'. aDr eC R.T.P:6//BC

@irstreq.)
.'. ln AABC : m (Z BAC) =90" . nnl eC
:'. i?is medianinAXBC
Proof

... (BC)2 = (AB)2 + 1ecy2 = 18)2 + (o)2 = r00 .'. rea of ABYX = area of A CYX (1)
'.' uea of the figure ABYX
.. BC = 10 cm.
.'. (AB)2 = BD x BC
= uea of the figure DCYX (2)
.'. 64 = BD x 10 ... BD = 6.4 cm. (Second req.)
By subhacting (1) from (2) :

[b] InAABD : '.' m (ZADB) = 90" . . Area of A ABX = area of A DCX

... (BD)2 = (AB)2 - (AD)2 = (26)2 - (2.4)2 = 100 By adding aea of A ADX to both side
.'. BD = 10 cm.
. . Area of A ABD = area of A ACD
: in AACD : '.' m (Z ADC) = 90'
... an ll sc
... (cD)2 = (AC)2 - (AD)2 = (30)2 - (24)2 = 324
.'. CD = 18 cm. E
...AABC-AAED
.'. BC=CD+DB= 18+ 10=28cm. (Firstreq.)
.'. Area otA ABC = 12 x BC x AD .AB BC CA 88CA
AE ED DA 4ED3
= I) x28 x24=336cm2. .'. ED=L3=4"-.
(Second req.)
,Ag = L! = 6 . ;EC = 6 - 4 = 2 cm.
".

88
 Answers ol Finol Exominotions

... (AC)2 > (AB)2 + (BC)2

Answers of the schools examinations
' on Geometry .'. A BAC is an obtuse-angled triangle, (The req)

1 Cairo tal .' A BFC r l7 ABCD have the comon base BC

E(") r'. F€AD-

lltr<,r Eo)
.'. The areaof ABFC = ne Naot DABCD (1)
Et"l E(") t
.. FB is a median in A FEC
ElEeq,ut @tzo" 828
.'. The uea of ABFC = the uea of AFEC (2)
@6 plarightangle ]
From (1) and (2) :

E .'. The rea of A FEC = The uea of Z ABCD

lal In AABC : (Q.E.D.)
'. m(ZBAC)=9O',aOrSC
lbl In AABC :

.'. 1lr;2 = nO xBC = 9 x 25 =225

'.' m (Z B) = 90"
,'. AB = 15 cm.
.'. (AC)2 = (AB)2 + (BC)2 = (9)2 + (12)2 = 225
r (AC)2 = gP x CB = 16 x 25 = 4OO
.'. AC = 15 cm.
.'. AC = 20 cm.
In AADC :
, (AD)2 = gP x CD = 9 x 16 = 144 ': (cD)z =(17)2 =289
;. AD = 12 cm. (The req.)
: (AD)2 + (AC)2 = (8)2 + (15)2 = 289
[b] '.' The rea of AAMB = the area of A CMD .'. (CD)2 = (AD)2 + (AC)2
Adding the area of A CMB to both sides (z DAC) (Q.ED.)
.'. m = 90'
.'. The area of A ACB = the rea of A DBC
and they have a cormon base Ee and on one 2 Cairo
side of it
... nt li nc (Q.E.D.) llEor E(b) E(n)
@(") [:i (c)
o @treight E25
IaIInAAADE rCBE: ElEequat
'.' AD- // BC ,Id is a transversal @YZL lel 180'

.'. m (L A) = m (L C) (altemate angles) (1)

, '.' ,q.P lt gC : ED is a transversal

E
tal .' M ACD : BCD have a comon base CD
: .m (L D) = m (L B) (altemate angles) (z)
lSttDC
, '.' m (Z AED) = m (Z CEB) (VO.A.) (3) '
.'. The rea of A ACD = the uea of A BCD
From (1) r (2) and (3) :
Subtracting the ilea of A MCD from both sides
.'. A ADE ..A CBE (First req )
.'. The trea of A AMD = the aea of A BMC
ADDEAE42
..CB-BE ..8 (Q.E.D.)
CE BE

... gB = 2I-9 = 4 sa. (Second req.) lbl In AABC :

'.' m (Z B) = 90"
lbl In A BAC :

'. (AC)'z = $2)2 = 144 .. (AC)2 = (AB)2 + (BC)2 = (12)2 + (16)2 = 400

tl} AC=20cm (First req.)

r (AB)2 + (BC)2 = 17)2 + (9)z =

89
 Geometry
In AACD :
E
'.' (cD)z = (25)2 = 625 lal In A ABC :

, (AD)2 + (AC)2 = i tS)2 + (Zct)z :625 '. (AC)2 = (io)'?= ioo

.'. (CD)'? = (AD)'z+ (AC)'z , (AB)? + (BC)2 = (6)2 + 1S12 = 166
.. m (z DAC) = 90' .. 1AC)2 = (AB)1 + (BC.12
.'. A ADC is a right-angled triangle. (Second req.) .'. m (z B) = 90"
.'. ZBisright. (The rcq.)
@
lal In A ABC : [b] In A ABC :

': (AB)2 = (7)2 = 49 '. m (Z BAC) = 90"

r (BC)'z + (AC)'? = (3)2 + 6)2 = +S , aDr ec

.. (AB)2 > (BC)2 + (AC)2 .: 1AB;2= BD . BC= I6 y 25=40U
.'. A ABC is an obtuse-angled triangle. .. AB = 20 cm.
(The rcq.) , . (AD)2=BD xCD= 16 x9 =144

lbl In AA ADE , ACB :

.'. AD = 12 cm. (The req.)

'. m(zAED)=m(zB)
a
rZAisacommonangle lal rhe ara = (ry) , 3 = t5 cm?
.. m(1 ADE)=n(1 C)
lbl In AAABC , DBE :
... AADE - AACB (Firsr rcq.)
'.' AC I BO aE is a transversal
'
,AD_DE_AE 3 4.5
:. m (L C) = m (L E) (altemate angles)
AC CB AB AC = 9 (1)
...6g=!-19=6g,n. , '. AC- // ED ,IB is a transversal
4.5
.. EC=6-4.5= 1.5cm. (Second req.)
:. m (L A) = m (L D) (alternate angles) (2)
t'. m(L
CBA) = m (Z EBD) (V.o.A.)
g From (1) , (2) and (3) :
(3)

[a] rhe area = (+) r t =25 cm? ... AABC-ADBE (Q.E.D.)

tfl . aBis amedianinAABC
.. TheareaofAABE=theareaofAACE (1) E
[a] In A ABC :
r '.' DE is a median in A DBC
'" (LB)=90
.. TheareaofADBE=theareaofADCE (2)
... (AC)2 = (AB)2 + (BC)2 = (3)2 + (4)2 = 25
Subtracting (2) from (1) :

. . The area of A ABD = the area of A ACD

.'. AC = 5 cm. (First req.)
InAACD:
(Q,E.D.)
'. (AD)2 = Q3)2 = 169
3 I Giza : (AC)2 + (CD)2 = 15)2 + (12)2
... (AD)2 = 1AC)'?+ (CD)2
= 169

llEt"r [ =-] (u)

.'. m (Z ACD) = 90" (Second req.)
@(") El (o)
[bl In AA ACB r DCB have a common base BC

EEs 848 , DA-/i C-B

@equal in area @ SO @12 . . The area of A ACB = the area of A DCB

90
 Answers of Finol Exominotions

Subtracting the trea of A ECB from both sides lbl '.'The area of A ADC = the area of A AEB
.'. The ilea of A AEB = The rea of A DEC Subtracting the area of A ADE from both sides
(Q.E.D.) .'. The area of A CED = the area of A BDE
and they have a common base 5E and on one

4 I Giza side of it.

... oe ll ec (Q,E,D.)
llEtur lE<ut
E(d) E(") tr
[a] . AA ACD : BCD have a common base CD
EIE]proportional r equal in measure @ 120' ,nnltco
E, E so @:o cm.
.. The area ofAACD = the area ofA BCD (1)

g . '.' ME- is a mediarr in A CMD

[a] In AABD : . . The area of A EMC = the area of A EMD (2)

... os r AB Subtracting (2) ftom (1) :
.'. m (z ABD) = 90' .'. The area of the figure ADEM
(Q.E.D)
... (BD)2 = (AD)2 - (AB)2 = (17)2 - (8)2 = 225 = the area of the figure BCEM
.. BD = 15 cm. (First req.) [b] In A ABC :
InABCD: '.' rn (Z BAC) = 90"
'.' (BD)2 = (ls)z = 225 ,rrDrnc
, (BC)2 + (CD)2 = (9)'z+ (1-2)z =225 i. (AD)'z =BD x CD =4 5 x 8 = 36
.. (BD)'?= (BC)'?+ (CD)'? ..AD=6cm.
.. m (1 C) = 90' (Second req.) , (AB)2 = 3P x BC = 4.5 x 12.5 = 56.25

lbl In A ABC :
.'. AB = 7.5 cm.
... (AC)2
= Q)2 = 49 r(AC)'?=CD x BC= 8 x 12.5 = 100

: (AB)2 + (BC)'z= (5)'?+ (6)2 = Ot ... AC = 10 cn. (The req,)

.'. 1AC;2<tABr2 rtBCt)

.'. A ABC is an acute-angled triangle. (The req.) 5 I Alexandria

g llEt"r E(u) Iq](")

[a] In AA ABC r DBE : E(d) E(u)
'.' lC tt SD is ,IB a transversal

.'. m (L L) = m (L D) (alternate angles) (1) EAzq I z ] equal in measure

816
, '.' tC tt gO , tE is a transversal
@parallelogram [!42
.'. m (L C) = rt (L E) (alternate angles) (2)

r '.' m (z ABC) = m (z DBE) (V.O.A.) (3)

E
From (1) : (2) and (3) : [a] In A XYZ:
DBE
.'. A ABC .- A (First req ) '.' (YZ)z = (7)2 = 49
.AB_B( _A(
-DR I]F_DE ..6_J_ DE
5 , (XY)2 + (xz)z = (4)'z + (s)'? = 41
, '.' (YZ)2 > (xY)z + (xz)2
... oE = 5i19 = lo cm.
3 ' .'. Z X is obtuse. (The req.)
.'. The perimeter of A BED = 8 + l0 + 6 = 24 ctn.
(Second req.)
lbl The area = 50 x 24 = 12OO cm?

91
 Geometry

a [b] .' M ABC : DBC have a common base BC-

[a] In A XYZ :
,AD-// BC
'.'m(LXYZ)=gO' ,li'I!tXZ . . The area of A ABC = the area of A DBC
... (xz)2 = (Xy)2 + (yZ)2 = (20)2 + (15)2 = 625 Subtracting the trea of A MBC from both sides
.'. XZ=25 cm. (Filst req.) .'. The areaof AAMB =the reaof ADMC (1)
,YL= Y\lYz - 20.{ 15
- l2 cm. (second req.) , '. MX ir a median in A MBC
xz 25
[b] '.' M BAD : CAD have the Same base AD- .'. The area of A BMX = rhe area of A CMX (2)
,aOlln-e Adding (1) and (2) :

,'. The area of A BAD = the area of A CAD .'. The area of the figure ABXM
= the area of the figure DCXM (Q.E.D.)
Subhacting the area of A MAD fiom both sides
.'. The area of A BMA = the uea of A CMD (1)
E
r '.' AA MAX r MDY have equal bases in [a] In A ABC :

length and on one straight line and they ae '. m(ZBAC)=90",AOreC

comon in the vertex M .'. (AD)'z =DB x DC = 9 x t6 = 144
.'. The aea of A MAX - the mea of A MDY (2) .'. AD = 12 cm.
Adding (1) md (2): , (AB)2 = 3P x BC = 9 x 25 = 225
.'. The uea of the figueABMX .'. AB = 15 cm.
= the rea of the figure DCMy (e.E.D.)
, (AC)2= 6P x BC = 16 x 25 =400
B .'. AC = 20 cm. (The req.)

lal In AA ABC , AED : [b] In AAABC : DBE

'. m(ZB)=m(ZE)=90' '.' AC- // ED r ID is a transversal
rm (Z BAC) = m (z EAD) (VO.A.) :. m (L A) = m (L D) (alternare angle9 (1)
i. m(ZC)=m(ZD) , '.' AC tt ZO r tE is a transversal
.'. AABC-AAED (Firstreq.) ,'. m(LC)=m(L E) (alternateangles) (2)
.AB BC AC
--AE 12 AB r '.' m (Z ABC) = 6 (z DBE) (VO.A.) (3)
ED AD " 3_ 4 From (1) , (2) and (3) :
.'.AB= 4*12
3 =16"-. ...AABC-ADBE (First req.)
.'. BE = 4 + 16 = 20 cm. (Second req.) AB BC AC AB 5_3
_DE
'DB=BE=DE - 18= 15
lbl Themea= { x 8 x 10 =40 cm?
.'.AB= 18x5 =6cm.
15

6 I El.Kalyoubia ,DE= 3'15 =9c-. (Second req.)

5

lIEor Etut E(") E

lal In A ABC
E(") l9rut
:

'.' m (z B) = 90'
EE tzo" @proportional .'. (AC)2 = (AB)2 + (BC)2 = (3)2 + (4)2 = 25
@zq @ equal in rea .'.AC=5cm. (First req.)
@congruent InAACD:
'. (CD)'z =
,13)z
= rcg
E r (AD)z + (AC)z = (12)z + (5)2 = t6g
lal The length of the middte base = j {S * tO) = O , ... (cD)2 = (AD)z + (AC)2
"-.
, the ilea of the trapezium = 9 x 5 = 45 cm? .'. m (Z DAC) = 90' (Second req.)

92
 Answers of Finol Exominqtions

... (BD)2 = (AD)2 - (AB)2 = (r7)2 - (8)2 = 225

[b] '.' The uea of AABE = the aea of AACD
Subtracting the trea of A ADE from both sides .'. BD = 15 cm. (First req.)

.'. The area of A BED = the area of A CDE InABCD:

... (BD)2
md they have a comon base ED and on one = Or2 =225
side of it , (BC)2 + (CD)2 = (9)2 + (12)2 =ZZS
... oe//BC (Q.E.D.) .'. (BD)2 = (BC)'?+ (CD)'z
.'. m (Z C) = 90' (Second req.)
7 I El-Sharkia
tr
EE5 E]C lal The trea of the puallelogrm = 7 x 4 = 28 cr*
@baselengh Ex @ equal the greater height = 28 + 5 = 5.6 cm.

E(.) lbl In A XYZ

EEt"l E(d) :

Eo) Erut '.' (YZ)2 = (13)2 = 169

, (XY)2 + (XZ)z = (12)2 + (4)2 = 160
E :. (YZ)2 > (xY)2 + (xz)2
lal '. MLYZ r XYZ have the common base YZ-
.'. LXYZis an obtuse-angled triangle. (The req.)
,XtttYZ
.'. The area of A LYZ = the xea of LXYZ
El-Monofia
Subhacting the ilea of A MYZ from both sides.
.'. The rea of A ZML = the rea of A YMX llE lo "-. @ equal in mea
(Q.E.D.) EA
@ a comon base lying on one of two parallel
[b] InAAADE rACB :
straight lines including them.
'.' m (Z AED) = m (Z B)
: ZAis acomon angle @ a right-angled triangle.
.'. m (z ADE) = m (z C)
... AADE-AACB (First req.) EEtul Ldo) E(u)
AD DE AE 3 4.5 E(u) E(u)
.AC CB AB AC9
...69=1t2=6sa. E
tal'.' A BFC TZABCD have the comon base Be
.'. EC = 6-4.5 = 1.5 cm. (Second req.)
: .'FCAD-
a .'. ThereaofABFC =t:*remaof DABCD (1)

lal In AABC : '. FBisamedianinAFEC

'.' m (Z BAC) = 9O' eO eC
'
r .'. The rea of A BFC = the area of A FEC (2)
.'. (AC)2 = CD x BC = 4 5 x 12.5 = 56.25 |
(First req.) From (1) and (2) :
.. AC = 7.5 cm.
r (AD)2= 6P x BD = 4.5 x 8 = 36 .'. The area of A FEC = the aea of Z ABCD
(Q.E.D.)
.'.AD=6cm.
... The uea of AAeC = { x 12.5 x 6 = 37.5 cm? lbl . EM is a median in A CDE
(Second req.) . . The area of A CMD = the rea of A CME
lbl hr AABD : r '.' the area of AAMB = the uea of A CME
'. m (z ABD) = 90' .'. The area of A AMB = the area of A CMD

93
 Geometry
Adding the area ofA ADM to both sides .. gg ... 64 = BE x lo
(BD12 = SB r
.'. The area of A ABD = the area of A ACD
.: = $ = 6.4 cm.
nf (Second req.)
and they lrare ir comrnor ba.e AE and on one
side of it. .og=DB.IDC= 8,,=6 -4.gcm. (Thirdrcq.)
BC IO
... AD-//m (Q.E.D.)
[b] In AA ADE r ABC :

a '.' OB ttP;C r IE is a transversal

[a]'. Thc uea of the rhombus = x B x 2a = 216 rtz. . . m (Z ADE) = m (Z B) (conesponding angles) (l)
t
.'. The flea of the t rapezitm = 216 ri , '.' OY tt nC r Id is a transversal

. . The iength of the middle base = 216 + 12 = 18 m. .'. m (Z AED) = 6 (Z C) (conesponding angles) (2)

[b] XYZL
:. ZAisacommonangle (3)
.' The figure ABCD - the figure
From (l) r (2) ancl (3)
.'. m(ZD)=m(ZL)=80' :

,., AADE - AABC (First req.)

From the figure ABCD :

.. m (1 BCD) = 360" (12s' + 70' + 80") = 8s" AD DE AE 3DEAE

- 'AB=BC=AC 564
(First req.)
..oe=3I6=3.6cm.
". xL- AD_BC 5
.6_8
yz " xL- 2.4 ,46 = i-rl = 2.4 (Second req.)
ii2a 5 ",.
... xL = = 1.8 cm (Second req.)
8
tigureABCD
' ..
rheperirneterolthe BC
rne perinnercf rtre figrre X YZt .
=
'/Z
... 26 _8 tlE to Esimila
The perimeter of the ftgtre XYZL 2.4 "*.
@acute-anglecl @apoint [E raS"
. . The perimeter oi'the figure XYZL
26x2.4 - otn'' EEtar ei (b) Erur
=-t ='^ (Third req.) I

@tal Elrar
E
[a] . AABD is right-angled atB E
... (BD)'z= (AD)'z- (AB)2 = (10)2 - (6)2 = 64 [a] . The area of A AMB = the area of A DMC
.'.BD=8cm. Adding the area of A AMD to both sides
.'. The area of IJ ABCD = AB x BD = 6 x 8 .'. The area of A ABD = the area of A ACD

= 48 cm2. but they havc a common base AD and on one

(First req.) sitie of it

'. ag il DC (properties of parallelogram) ... AD-//BC (Q.E.D.)

, ED is a transversal. lbl In AA AED , ABC :

. . m (Z ABD) = m (Z CDB) (altemate angles) . gO tt gC ,IE is a transvcrsal

.'. m (z cDB) = 90' . . m (Z AED) = m (1 B) (conesponding angles) (1)
'. AB=DC:AD=BC ,. trD- /i Ea , Id is a transversal
(properties of parallelogram) .'. m (Z ADE) = ir (Z C) (coltsponding angles) (2)
.'.DC=6cm.rBC=10cm. ,. ZAisacomnonangle (3)
'.' BE is the projection of DE on Ed From (1) , (2) and (3) :

' '. 4 DBC is right-angled ar O , DE _L BC ...AAED-AABC:

94
 Answers of Finol Exominotions

4
.AE_ED_AD ..; IJ EI-Dakahtia
AB BC AC AC
..AC=4*15=12cm.
.'.DC=12 4=8cm.
5
(The req.)
lltrt.l Etui E(cl
E(u) E(")
a flE"ong*"nt E6 E,
[a] InAABC :'. m (Z BAC) = 9O',aOf SC
j. (AB)2=BD x BC = 16 x 25 =400
E 80' @ an obtuse-angled

.. AB = 20 ctn. E
: (AC)2 = gP xBC = 9 x25 = 725 have a common base BC
[a] .' A EBC r IABCD
.'. AC = 15 cm. ,E€AD
r (AD)2 = CD x BD = 9 x 16 -- 144 ol'IABCD
.. The rea olA EB6'- ]2 tne rea
AD=12cm (The rcq,)
but tlie rea of I ABCD = the area ot tf ABYX
(have a common base AB= un*",*aan,*o
... AD=t0cm. parallel straight lines AB r CX)
/ \
r '. the area of the / \ .'. The alea of A EB C = the area of fJ ABYX
|
trcpczium ABCD u# (Q.E.D.)
= -| tnc * ao) x tlle height
lbl In A ABC :

.'. 180 = (20 + 10) x the height

+ '. m(ZB)=90"
.. 180 = 15 x the height .'. (AC)'z = (AB)2 + (BC)2 = (3)2 + (+12 = 25

.. Theheight=#- 12cm (The req.) .'.AC=5cm.

InAACD;
tr '. (AD)2 = (13)'7= tOg
tal'. AorEd
... The area of AABC = x BC x AO , (AC)'?+ (CD)2 = (5)'?+ (12)2 = 169
+
,. (AD)'z= (AC)'?+ (CD)2
=Lr"l"S=17.5ct]
.'. m (z ACD) = 90' (Q.E D.)
: .'BEIAC
jxACxBE=1?.s
. . The area of A ABC =
.'.j*toxBE=17.5 .'.5BE= l7.s
a
lal In AA AXY r ABC :
... gg = J2i = 3.5 sm. (The rcq.)
' XV ll nC,ffi is atransversal
tbl Let AC n SD = tl\al . . m (Z AXYI = m (Z B) (coresponding mgles) (1)
.. AM = 10 cm.
' ' xv / SC ,Id is a transversal
rBM=6cm. (z C) (conesponding mgles) (2)
. . m (z AYX) = m
.'. In AABM : (AM)2 = (10)2 = 100
>'.' L Ais a comrnon angle (3)
: (AB)'?+ (BM)2 = (8)2 + (6)2 = 100
From (1) r (2) and (3) :

,. (AM)'z=(AB)'z+ (BM)'z
..AAXY-AABC (Firstreq.)
. . A ABM is right-angled at B
.'. m (z ABD) = 90' (First req.) AXXYAY86
'AB-BC-AC " 12 BC
.'. Theueaof ZABCD 6112
... BC = =9 c'n. (Second req..;
=AB xBD=8 x12=96cr*. (Second req.) 8

95
 Geometry
[b]'. The area of AACD = the area of AABE
Subtracting the area of A ADE ftom both sides (Q.E.D.)
.'. The area of A CED = thg rgn .1tr BPg
md they have a common base DE and on one a
side of it tal nre rea = (g!1Q) x 6 = 54 cm?

... ne // BC (Q.E.D.) [b] In M ABE : CDE :

'. an ll Cn ,Id is a transversal

tr .'. m (L A) = m (L C) (alremare angles) (1)
lal In A ABC :
, .' aS // CD r Eil is a transversal
'. mtLBAC)=90' , AD l- BC
.'. m (Z B) = m (Z D) (altemate angle9 (2)
.1 (AB)2 = BD x BC = 9 xZ5 =225
rm (Z AEB) = 6 (z DEC) (V.o.A.) (3)
.'. AB = 15 cm.
From (1) : (2) and (3) :
r (AD)2 = OB x DC = 9 x 16 = 1,44
AABE-ACDE
.'. (Firstreq.)
.'. AD = 12 cm. (The req.)
ABBEAE34
-CD DE CE .'DE_6
lbl rhemea= (*, ). 6 - 54 cm?
.'. !tr = I 4]-0 = 4.5 (Second req.)
"..
1t Ismailia
tr
llEttr E(") El(b) [a] .' The aea of the figure ABCD
lal rur {E<t t = the rea of the figure ABCE
Subtracting the trea of A ABC from both sides
EEso' Edouble @10,a; .'. The uea of A ACD = the aea of A ACE
@equalinlength @35 and they have a comon base AC- and on one
side of it
ffi ... ec z eo (Q.E.D.)
[a]'. AAADB,ADC have the samebase AD
[b] In AABC :
'SC//AD
.'. The area of A ADB = the area of A ADC '. m (Z ABC) = 90" , BD -L AC

Subtracting the area of A AMD from both sides ... gp = BA qC j-j!

AC = 10 = +.s cm.
.'. The area of A ABM = the mea of A DMC (1)
r '. (BC)2 = CD x AC
r '.' MD- is a median in A EMC
:. (8)2 = CD x to
.. The area of A DME = the area of A DMC (Z)
: CO =
ff = 6.4 cm. (The req.)
From (1) and (2) :
.'. The area of A ABM = the area of A DME
Suez
(Q.E.D.)

[b] In A ABC : .' m (Z B) = 90" tlEt"l E(") Eru)

.'. (AC)2 = (AB)2 + (BC)2 = (3)2 + (4)2 = 25 @(b) EG)
.'.AC=5cm.
EEtoo" @ro
rinAACD:
@proportional @B
'.' (AD)2 = (13)'?= t6g
@ lying on one of two parallel straight lines
, (AC)'?+ (CD)'?= (5)2 + (12)z = 169 including them.

96
 Answers of Finol Exominotions

: [b] In A BCD :
talE6 @12 '. ni (Z C) = 90'
... (BD)2 = (BC)2 + (cD)z = (1)2 + (24)z = 625
tbl .' M ADB , ADC have the same base AD
,aozsc .'. BD = 25 cm. (First req.)

. . The area of A ADB = the area of A ADC

rinAABD:
-.. (BD)z
Subtracting the area of A AMD from both sides = (25)2 = 625
, (AB)2 + (AD)2 = (\5)2 + (20)2 = 625
.'. The area of A AMB = the area of A DMC ( 1)
.. (BD)2 = (AB)2 + (AD)2
, '.' MD ir a median in A EMC
.. m (1 BAD) = 90' (Second req.)
.'. The area of A MDE = the area of A DMC (2)

From (1) and (2)

,...aersD
:
AB/AD 15x20-1.^ (Thirdreq)
.'. The arca of A AMB = the area of A DME ff=12crn
(Q.E.D.)
Damletta
4 llEtur EIG)
lal '. The uea of AMB = the mea of A DMC
A
E(d) E(d)
Adding the ilea of A DMA to both sides
.'. The rea of A ABD = the rea of A ACD flE the base lengttr @ : : + EC
and they have a comon base AD and on one @70' @2
side of it
... ao tt ec (Q.E.D.) E
[a]InAAABC,ADE:
[b] In AAADE :ABC :
'.' Bo ll sC ,IE is a transversal
'. eD // BC , iE is a transversal
.'. m (z B) = m (Z ADE) (conesponding mgles) (1)
m (Z ADE) = m (Z B) (coresponding mgles) (1)
". , '.' SD tt BC,Id is a transversal
, .' BP ll sC r Id is a transversal
i. m (z C) = m (Z AED) (coresponding mgles) (2)
.'. m (Z AED) = m (Z C) (corresponding mgle$ (2)
rZ A is a comon angle (3)
r '.' Z A is a comon angle (3)
From (1) , (2) and (3) :
From (1) : (2) md (3) : ... AABC - AADE (First req.)
AADE-AABC
.'. (Firstreq.)
AB BC AC . BC-21
ADDEAE86 'AD=DE=AE "8 9
,AB-BC-AC ..BC_18 8'21
... BC =
95 = t8 ? cm (Second req.)
(secondreq)
i--11"*- lbl '. The area of A AEB = The aea of A DEC
Adding the area of A AED to both sides
E .'. The aea of A ABD = the area of A ACD
lal In A ABC :
'.' m (Z BAC) = 9O' , eP I eC md they have a comon base AD and on one
side of it.
.'. (AB)'? = BD x BC = 9 x 25 =225
'15 ... eDzsc (Q.E.D.)
.'. AB = cm.
: (AD)2 = OB x DC = 9 x !6 = 144 4
.'. AD = 12 cm. tal '.' AA ABC r DBC have a comon base BC

r (AC)2 = gP x CB = 16 x25 = 4OO IAD-//EE

.'. AC = 20 cm. (The req.) .'. The rea of A ABC = the rea of A DBC

(Y ,l) Y o / url*l Y/ (slrlel) oUoqrq,lHldl 97

 Geometry
Subtracting the area of A MIIC from both sides. E :.
.. Theareaof AABM=theareaof ADCM (1) [a] A ADC is rightangled at D

, '.' Mf i. a median in the A MBC .'. (AC)'z = (AD)2 + (1c12 = (4)2 + (8)2 = 80
.'. The area of A BMX = the area of A CMX (2) , '. AADB is a right-angled at D

Adding (1) and (2) ... (AB)'z= (AD)2 + (8D12 = (4)z + (212
:
. =29
.'. The area of the figurc ABXM = the area of the In AABC:
figure DCXM (Q.E.D.) '. lACr'z + (eSf = 80 + 20 = 100
r (BC)2 = (t0)2 = tOO
[b] '.' BC = 2AD = 20 cm.
.'. AD = 10 cm. .'. (BCt2 = (ACt2 + tAB)2

, '.' the ilea of the .'. m (z BAC) = 90' (Q.E.D.)

uap9/-lulll ADLU
trapczium ABCD B
B' 2ocd. lbl ...AxYZ-ARYx
= j {ec *.to) x the height .'. m(LYXZ) = m (Z YRX) = 90'
. . 180 = + (20 + 10) x the heiglrt .'. Xnf VZ (Firstreq.)

..180=15xtheheight h A XYZ | '.' m (L YXZ) = 90"

.'. The height = 1-!.Q 12 cm. (The req.)

.'. (YZ)z = (XY)2 + (Xz)2 = 62 + 82 = t}o
=
.'.YZ= I0cm., .'XRtYZ-
E t (XZ)2 = P7 v Y7
lal In AABC : ..82=RZx10
'.' m (Z BAC) = 90" ,..F(2-=ff=a.+ (Second req.)
, AD- -L Ec
.1 (AD)2=DB xDC=9 x16=144 @
[a] . ABCDisarectangle
.'. AD = 12 cm.
...IErtE
r (AB)2 = Bo x BC = 9 x25 =225
,'. M€ IE,NEiE
.'. AB = 15 cm.
... MN-//DC
r(AC)2=Co xBC= 16 x25=4Oo ,...cN/i DM-
. . AC = 20 cm. (The req.)
.'. MNCD is a pa'allelogram
[b] In AABC : ,. the rectangle ABCD and the parallelogram
'.' (AC)'z= (9)'z= 81 MNCD have lhe common base CD-

r (AB)2 + (BC)2 = (7)2 + (6)2 = 85 ,.. IErco

... (AC)'?< (AB)2 + (BC)2 .'. The aea of Z MNCD = the rea of E ABCD
. . A ABC is an acute-angled triangle. (The req.) =18x5=90cm?
(First req.)
. . The Iength of the perpendicular from M to CN
The erea ofEMNCD 9O
[4o) cN =20=*'""''
IlEtar El tor
(Second req.)
E(") [EG)
[b] . AAABD IACDhaveacommonbaseAD
fl[! proportional , equal in measure
,tDtec
@B . . The area of A ABD : the atca of A u\CD
@equalinarea @s Enc Subtracting the area of A AMD from both s jdes

98
 Answers of Finol Exominotions

.'. The area of A AMB = the area of A DMC . . The area of A MBE = the area of A MBC

(Q.E D.) and they have a cornrnon brse M B ittrd on olre

side of it
EI ... cqrr6' 12)
lal . MN isamedian inABCM
Frorrr l,) an.l (2) :
.. The area o[a BMN = the area of A CMN (]) 1

.. Tlrc tigure BECD is a patallelogram. (Q.E.D.)

, '.' the area of the figure ABNM = the area of
the figure DCNM (2) lbl .' A ADC is right-a[gled at D
Subtracting (1) from (2) : .. (AC)'z = (AD)2 + (DC.12 = (4)2 + 1s12 = 39
. . The area of A ABM = the aea of A DCM r '. A ADB is right-angled at D
and the longths of their bases are equal and on the .'. (AR)2 = (AD)2 + (BD)2 = (4)2 + (2)2 = 20
same straight line and the two triangles are on the
InAABC:
same side of the straighl line.
'.
.,. cn / te (Q.E.D.)
(AC)'z+ (An;'z= 8 + 20 = 100

, (BC)'?= (1o)':= 1oo

[bl ln AA ABC ' AOL :

... (BC)2 = (AC)'?+ (AB)'?

.' BC- // OL , fE is a transversal
.'. m (z B) = m (z AOL) tconesponding mSles) ( |)
.. n (z BAC) = 90' (Q.E.D.)

, '. bL ,Id
.
sC z is a transversal

. m (Z C) = m (z ALO) (conespondhg mgles) (2)

o
lal'. A ABF lias a common base IB with lf ABCD
: Z A is a comon angle (3)
,FeDC-
From (1) , (2) and (3) :
.'. The area of A ABF = j the area of 17 ABCD
. AOL
. A ABC ^-A (First req.)
AB BC AC 1.5=-o .'. The area of A ADF + the area of A FBC
'ao = ot_ = er_ ".6+ = or_ AC
j the area of Z ABCD (1)
=
... nc=!&=9"-.
4 '. A EBC has a common base BC rvith u AtsCD
..CL=9 6=3cm. ,E€T6
,61=4{i=5"-. (Second req.)
! he area<tf uABCD
.. Tlre arca o1 A EB C = (2)

From (l) and (2)

Aswan
.. The area of AADF + the area o1'A FBC

Oltrtul E(d) ["](o) = the area of A EBC

E(") Etut Subtracting the area of A FBC florr both sides

EEn EBC I rj rzo" . . The area of A AFD = the area of A EFC

@10 [il ts+ (Q.E.D.)

lbl In A XYZ
E ,.'(YZ)z
:

121
[a] '. ABCD is a parallelogram =(11)'?=
NEilCD ... BE // CD (1) , (XY)2 + (xZ)2 = (B)2 + (6)2 = 100

,. thc area of A AME = the area of A ABC .'. (YZ)2 > (xY)2 + (xz)2
SubtractiDg the aren of A AMB frorn both sides .. Ly'YZ is an obtuse-angled triangle. (The rcq,)

99
 Geometry

tr tbl '. 4 ABD : ABC have a common base I]B

lal In AA ABC r EBD :
, aS //CD-
'.' lC il og r IE is a transversal
.'. The area of A ABD = the mea of A ABC
,'. m (L A) = m (Z E) (altemate angles) (1)
Subtracting the area of A ABM from both sides.
' " '. ,qC ll Og , tD is a lransversal .'. The aea of A AMD = the aea of A BMC
.'. m (L C) = m (L D) (altemate angles) (2)
But the trea of A AMD = the area of A MCE
,. m(ZABC) =m(Z DBE) (VO.A.) (3)
.'. The area of A BMC = the area of A MCE
From (l) : (2) and (3) :
comon
and they have a base EM md on one
.. AABC-AEBD (Firstreq.) side of it
.AB.-BC_AC
,BE-BD_DE ]-4 ... tvtc ttgB (Q.E.D.)
UE_E
.'. BE= 8 3
| =6cm. (Seconclreq.)
4

100
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