Unit -1 .

Foundation and Fundamentals : 2 teaching hours

General introduction of chemistry, Importance and scope of chemistry, Basic concepts of
chemistry (atoms, molecules, relative masses of atoms and molecules, atomic mass unit ( amu),
radicals, molecular formula, empirical formula ), Percentage composition from molecular
formula.

Unit -2 . Stoichiometry : 8 teaching hours

Dalton’s atomic theory and its postulates , Laws of stoichiometry, Avogadro’s law and some
deductions ( Molecular mass and vapour density , Molecular mass and volume of gas,
Molecular mass and no. of particles) , Mole and its relation with mass, volume and number of
particles; Calculations based on mole concept ; Limiting reactant and excess reactant
;Theoretical yield, experimental yield and % yield ; Calculation of empirical and molecular
formula from % composition (Solving related numerical problems)

Unit -3 . Atomic Structure : 8 teaching hours

Rutherford’s atomic model ; Limitations of Rutherford’s atomic model; Postulates of Bohr’s
atomic model and its application ; Spectrum of hydrogen atom ; Defects of Bohr’s theory;
Elementary idea of quantum mechanical model: de Broglie’s wave equation; Heisenberg’s
Uncertainty Principle ; Concept of probability; Quantum Numbers ; Orbitals and shape of s and
p orbitals only; Aufbau Principle; Pauli’s exclusion principle; Hund’s rule and electronic
configurations of atoms and ions (up to atomic no. 30)

Unit-4. Classification of elements and Periodic Table: 5 teaching hours

Modern periodic law and modern periodic table; Classification of elements into different
groups, periods and blocks ; IUPAC classification of elements; Nuclear charge and effective
nuclear charge ;Periodic trend and periodicity : Atomic radii ,Ionic radii , Ionization energy ,
Electron affinity ,Electronegativity , Metallic characters (General trend and explanation only)

Unit-5. Chemical Bonding and Shapes of Molecules : 9 teaching hours

Valence shell, valence electron and octet theory ; Ionic bond and its properties ; Covalent bond
and coordinate covalent bond ;Properties of covalent compounds ; Lewis dot structure of some
common compounds of s and p block elements ; Resonance ;VSEPR theory and shapes of some
simple molecules (BeF2, BF3, CH4, CH3Cl, PCl5, SF6, H2O,NH3,CO2,H2S, PH3); Elementary idea of
Valence Bond Theory; Hybridization involving s and p orbitals only ; Bond characteristics: Bond
length, Ionic character, Dipole moment; Vander Waal’s force and molecular solids ; Hydrogen
bonding and its application; Metallic bonding and properties of metallic solids
Unit-6. Oxidation and Reduction : 5 teaching hours
General and electronic concept of oxidation and reduction; Oxidation number and rules for
assigning oxidation number ; Balancing redox reactions by oxidation number and ion-electron
(half reaction) method ; Electrolysis : Qualitative aspect and Quantitative aspect(Faradays laws
of electrolysis)

Unit-7. States of Matter : 8 teaching hours

7.1 Gaseous state : Kinetic theory of gas and its postulates ;Gas laws -Boyle’s law and Charles’
law, Avogadro’s law ;Combined gas equation ;Dalton’s law of partial pressure ;Graham’s law of
diffusion; Ideal gas and ideal gas equation ; Universal gas constant and its significance;
Deviation of real gas from ideality (Solving related numerical problems based on gas laws)

7.2 Liquid state : Physical properties of liquids- Evaporation and condensation ,Vapour pressure
and boiling point ,Surface tension and viscosity (qualitative idea only) ; Liquid crystals and their
applications

7.3 Solid state : Types of solids -Amorphous and crystalline solids, Efflorescent, Deliquescent
and Hygroscopic solids ; Crystallization and crystal growth; Water of crystallization; Introduction
to unit crystal lattice and unit cell .

Unit-8. Chemical equilibrium: 3 teaching hours

Physical and chemical equilibrium; Dynamic nature of chemical equilibrium; Law of mass
action; Expression for equilibrium constant and its importance; Relationship between Kp and Kc
; Le Chatelier’s Principle (Numericals not required)

Inorganic Chemistry : 35 teaching hours

Unit-9. Chemistry of Non-metal :

9.1. Hydrogen, Oxygen and ozone : 4 teaching hours
9.1.1 Hydrogen : Chemistry of atomic and nascent hydrogen ; Isotopes of hydrogen and their
uses; Application of hydrogen as fuel ; Heavy water and its applications

9.1.2 Oxygen : Allotropes of Oxygen – Definition of allotropy and examples; Types of oxides
(acidic, basic, neutral, amphoteric, peroxide and mixed oxides) ; Applications of hydrogen
peroxide; Medical and industrial application of oxygen

9.1.3 Ozone: Occurrence ; Preparation of ozone from oxygen; Structure of ozone; Test for
ozone; Ozone layer depletion (causes, effects and control measures) ; Uses of ozone

9.2 Nitrogen : 5 teaching hours

Reason for inertness of nitrogen and active nitrogen ; Chemical properties of ammonia [ Action
with CuSO4 solution, water, FeCl3 solution, Conc. HCl, Mercurous nitrate paper, O2 ]; Applications
of ammonia; Harmful effects of ammonia ; Oxy-acids of nitrogen (name andformula); Chemical
properties of nitric acid [HNO3 as an acid and oxidizing agent (action with zinc, magnesium, iron,
copper, sulphur, carbon, SO2 and H2S) ; Ring test for nitrate ion.
9.3 Halogens: 5 teaching hours
General characteristics of halogens; Comparative study on preparation (no diagram and
description is required); Chemical properties [with water, alkali, ammonia, oxidizing character,
bleaching action] and uses of halogens (Cl2, Br2 and I2); Test for Cl2, Br2 and I2 ; Comparative
study on preparation (no diagram and description is required), properties ( reducing strength,
acidic nature and solubility) and uses of haloacids (HCl, HBr and HI)
9.4 Carbon and Phosphorus : 3 teaching hours
9.4.1 Carbon : Allotropes of carbon (crystalline and amorphous) including fullerenes (structure,
general properties and uses only) ; Properties (reducing action, reaction with metals and
nonmetals) and uses of carbon monoxide

9.4.2 Phosphorus : Allotropes of phosphorus (name only); Preparation (no diagram and
description is required), properties ( basic nature ,reducing nature , action with halogens and
oxygen) and uses of phosphine.

9.5 Sulphur : 5 teaching hours

Allotropes of sulphur (name only) and uses of sulphur ; Hydrogen sulphide (preparation from
Kipp’s apparatus with diagram,) properties (Acidic nature, reducing nature, analytical reagent)
and uses ; Sulphur dioxide its properties (acidic nature, reducing nature, oxidising nature and
bleaching action) and uses ; Sulphuric acid and its properties (acidic nature, oxidising nature,
dehydrating nature) and uses ; Sodium thiosulphate (formula and uses) .

Unit-10. Chemistry of Metals

10.1 Metals and Metallurgical Principles : 5 teaching hours
Definition of metallurgy and its types (hydrometallurgy, pyrometallurgy, electrometallurgy) ;
Introduction of ores ; Gangue or matrix, flux and slag, alloy and amalgam ; General principles of
extraction of metals (different processes involved in metallurgy) – concentration, calcination
and roasting, smelting, carbon reduction, thermite and electrochemical reduction ; Refining of
metals (poling and electro-refinement)

10.2 Alkali and Alkaline earth Metals : 5 teaching hours

10.2.1 Alkali Metals : General characteristics of alkali metals ; Sodium [extraction from Down’s
process, properties (action with Oxygen, water, acids nonmetals and ammonia) and uses] ;
Properties (precipitation reaction and action with carbon monooxide) and uses of sodium
hydroxide ; Properties (action with CO2, SO2, water, precipitation reactions) and uses of sodium
carbonate

10.2.2 Alkaline Earth Metals : General characteristics of alkaline earth metals ; Molecular
formula and uses of (quick lime, bleaching powder, magnesia, plaster of paris and epsom salt);
Solubility of hydroxides, carbonates and sulphates of alkaline earth metals (general trend with
explanation) ; Stability of carbonate and nitrate of alkaline earth metals (general trend with
explanation).

Unit- 11. Bio-inorganic Chemistry : 3 teaching hours

Introduction to Bio-inorganic Chemistry ; Introduction of Micro and macro nutrients ;
Importance of metal ions in biological systems (ions of Na, K, Mg, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni, Co, Cr) ; Ion
pumps (sodium-potassium and sodium-glucose pump) 11.5 Metal toxicity (toxicity due to iron,
arsenic, mercury, lead and cadmium)
Organic Chemistry : 30 teaching hours

Unit- 12. Basic Concept of Organic Chemistry : 6 teaching hours

Introduction to organic chemistry and organic compounds ; Reasons for the separate study of
organic compounds from inorganic compounds ; Tetra-covalency and catenation properties of
carbon ; Classification of organic compounds ; Alkyl groups, functional groups and homologous
series ; Idea of structural formula, contracted formula and bond line structural formula ;
Preliminary idea of cracking and reforming, quality of gasoline, octane number, cetane number
and gasoline additive

Unit 13. Fundamental Principles of Organic Chemistry : 10 teaching hours

IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Compounds (upto chain having 6 carbon atoms) ; Qualitative
analysis of organic compounds (detection of N, S and halogens by Lassaigne’s test) ; Isomerism
in Organic Compounds ; Definition and classification of isomerism ; Structural isomerism and
its types: chain isomerism, position isomerism, functional isomerism, metamerism and
tautomerism ; Concept of geometrical isomerism (cis & trans) & optical isomerism (d & l form)

Preliminary Idea of Reaction Mechanism : Homolytic and heterolytic fission ; Electrophiles,

nucleophiles and free- radicals ; Inductive effect: +I and –I effect ; Resonance effect: +R and –R
effect .

Unit 14. Hydrocarbons : 8 teaching hours

14.1 Saturated Hydrocarbons (Alkanes): Preparation from haloalkanes (Reduction and Wurtz
reaction), Decarboxylation, Catalytic hydrogenation of alkene and alkyne ; Chemical properties:
Substitution reactions (halogenation, nitration & sulphonation only), oxidation of ethane ;
Unsaturated hydrocarbons (Alkenes & Alkynes) .

14.2 Alkenes: Preparation by Dehydration of alcohol, Dehydrohalogenation, Catalytic

hydrogenation of alkyne ; Chemical properties: Addition reaction with HX (Markovnikov’s
addition and peroxide effect), H2O, O3, H2SO4 only
14.3 Alkynes: Preparation from carbon and hydrogen, 1,2 dibromoethane,
chloroform/iodoform only ; Chemical properties: Addition reaction with (H2, HX, H2O), Acidic
nature (action with Sodium, ammoniacal AgNO3 and ammoniacal Cu2Cl2) ; Test of unsaturation
(ethene & ethyne): bromine water test and Baeyer’s test ;
14.4 Comparative studies of physical properties of alkane, alkene and alkyne; Kolbe’s
electrolysis methods for the preparation of alkane, alkene and alkynes

Unit 15. Aromatic Hydrocarbons : 6 teaching hours

Introduction and characteristics of aromatic compounds : Huckel’s rule of aromaticity : Kekule
structure of benzene : Resonance and isomerism : Preparation of benzene from
decarboxylation of sodium benzoate, phenol, and ethyne only ; Physical properties of benzene ;
Chemical properties of benzene: Addition reaction: hydrogen, halogen, Electrophilic
substitution reactions: orientation of benzene derivatives (o, m & p), nitration, sulphonation,
halogenations, Friedal-Craft’s reaction (alkylation and acylation), combustion of benzene ( free
combustion only) and uses.

Applied Chemistry : 15 teaching hours

Unit: 16 Fundamentals of Applied Chemistry : 4 teaching hours

Fundamentals of Applied Chemistry ; Chemical industry and its importance ; Stages in
producing a new product ; Economics of production ; Cash flow in the production cycle ;
Running a chemical plant; Designing a chemical plant ; Continuous and batch processing ;
Environmental impact of the chemical industry.

Unit: 17 Modern Chemical Manufactures : 11 teaching hours

Modern Chemical Manufactures (principle and flow sheet diagram only) ; Manufacture of
ammonia by Haber’s process ; Manufacture of nitric acid by Ostwald’s process ; Manufacture of
sulphuric acid by contact process ; Manufacture of sodium hydroxide by Diaphragm Cell ;
Manufacture of sodium carbonate by ammonia soda or Solvay process ; Fertilizers (Chemical
fertilizers, types of chemical fertilizers, production of urea with flow-sheet diagram)