UNIT-I

Signal Analysis

Short Answer Questions

1. Define Signal.
2. What are the major classifications of the signal?
3. Define discrete time signals and classify them.
4. Define continuous time signals and classify them.
5. Define discrete time unit step &unit impulse.
6. Write about discrete time exponential signals.
7. Define continuous time complex exponential signal?
8. Determine whether a Unit step signal U(t) is Energy or Power Signal
9. State and prove any two properties of unit Impulse.
10. Define system and Explain various types of systems.
11. Define Causal & Non Causal Systems.
12. Define static & Dynamic Systems .
13. Define Stable & Unstable Systems.
14. Define time invariant and time variant systems.
15. What is the period T of the signal x(t) = 2cos (t/4)?
16. Is the discrete time system describe by the equation y (n) = x(-n) causal or non causal ?
17. What is the condition of LTI system to be stable?
18. Define principle of Orthogonality.
19. Derive the expression for mean square error?
20. What is the period of the signal x(t ) = 10sin 12t + 4 cos18t

Long Answer Questions

1. A Rectangular Function is defined as

Approximate the above function by A cos t between the intervals (0,2π) such that the
mean square error is minimum.
2. A rectangular function is defined by

Approximate the above function by a single sinusoid sint between the intervals
(0,2π).Apply the mean square error in this approximation.
3. Explain the analogy of vectors and signals in terms of orthogonality and evaluation of
constant.
 4. Derive the condition for mean square error when functions is approximated in set of
mutually orthogonal .
5 . Determine whether the following input-output equations are linear or non linear.
a) c)
b) d)
6. Determine whether the following systems are time-varying or time-invariant.
a) c)
b) d)
7. Find whether the following systems are static or dynamic.

8. Find whether the following systems are causal or non-causal.

a) c)
b) d)
9. Find whether the following systems are stable or unstable.

10. a)Define and discuss the conditions for orthogonality of functions.

b)Prove that sinusoidal functions are orthogonal functions.
11. a)Define orthogonal subspace.
b)Prove that the complex exponential functions are orthogonal functions.
12. Show that following signal are orthogonal over an interval [0,1]
f(t) =1
x(t) = √3 (1 -2t)
13. Determine whether the following energy signal are energy or power signal then
calculate the energy or power
a) X[n] = (1/2)n u[n] b) X(t) = Ae-atu(t) a>0

UNIT-II
Fourier Series & Fourier Transforms

Short Answer Questions

1. Write down the exponential form of the Fourier Series
2. Write down the trigonometric form of the Fourier Series
3. Write short notes on Dirichlet’s conditions for Fourier series.
4. Define the Parseval’s Theorem?
5. State Parseval’s relation for continuous time Fourier Transforms.
6. What are the difference between Fourier Series and Fourier Transform?

Long Answer Questions

1. Write a short note on exponential Fourier spectrum.
2. Find the exponential Fourier Series for the full wave rectified sine wave as shown below
 for the interval (0,2π) with an amplitude of ‘A’

3. a)State the conditions for the existence of Fourier Transform of a signal.

b) Find the Fourier Transform of the signum function and plot it’s amplitude and
phase spectrum.
4. Obtain the Fourier Transform of the following functions.
(i) Impulse function.
(ii) DC Signal.
(iii) Unit step function.
5. Find the Fourier Transform of the following
i) Real exponential signal, x(t)= u(t) a>0
ii) x(t)= u(-t) a<0
iii) Rectangular pulse, x(t) = -1 -T ≤ t ≤ T
=1 |t| <T
6. Find the Fourier Transforms of
(a) cos wt u(t) (b) sin wt u(t)
7. State & Prove following properties of Fourier Transform.
a) Convolution in Time domain
b) Time shifting

8. Find the trigonometric Fourier series and the complex exponential Fourier series for the
waveform shown in figure

9. Find the trigonometric and exponential Fourier series for the wave form shown in figure

10. .a) determine the trigonometric Fourier series of a full wave rectified cosine function
shown in figure.
b) Derive the corresponding exponential Fourier series
c) Draw the complex Fourier spectrum
d) Find the exponential Fourier series directly
11. Find the trigonometric fourier series for the periodic signal x(t) shown in figure

12. Find the trigonometric Fourier series for the periodic signal x(t) shown in figure

13. Find the Fourier transform of the signal

= 0 otherwise
14. Find the Fourier transform of the following signals:
a) e)
b) f)
c) g)
d) h)
15. Using properties of Fourier transform find the Fourier transform of the following:
a) g)
b) h)
c) i)
d) j)
e) k)
f)

UNIT-III
SIGNAL TRANSMISSION THROUGH LINEAR
SYSTEMS

Short Answer Questions

1. Define Signal Bandwidth and System Band width.
2. Write a notes on Ideal Filters.
3. Explain the difference between a time invariant system and time variant system?
4. What is the effect of under sampling?
5. Discuss about the conditions for physical reliability of an LTI system.
6. Derive an expression for the transfer function of an LTI system.
Long Answer Questions
1. Explain causality and physical reliability of a system and hence give Daley-wiener
criteria.
2. Obtain the relationship between the band width and rise time of ideal low pass filter.
3. Explain distortion less transmission through any system? Obtain condition for the
same?
4. Write notes on Ideal Filters.
5. Find and sketch the convolution of two signals
x (t) = 2 ( (t-5) / 2) and h (t) =  ( ( t-2) / 4).
6. Find the Convolution of the following signals are given as
x(t) = e-3t u(t) and h(t) = u(t-1).

UNIT-IV
LAPLACE TRANSFORMS & Z TRANSFORMS
Short Answer Questions
1. Define Bilateral and unilateral Laplace Transform.
2. Define inverse Laplace Transform.
3. State the property for Laplace Transform.
4. State the time shifting property for Laplace Transform.
5. What is pole and zero plot.
6. State initial value theorem and final value theorem for Laplace Transform.
7. State Convolution property of the Laplace Transform.
8. What is region of Convergence?
9. What are the Properties of ROC in the Laplace Transform?
10. Define Z Transform.
11. What are the two types of Z Transform?
12. What is the time shifting property of Z Transform?
13. State convolution property of Z Transform.
14. State the methods to Find inverse Z Transform.
15. State multiplication property in relation to Z Transform.
16. State parseval’s relation for Z Transform.
17. What is the relationship between Z Transform and Fourier Transform.
18. Define one sided Z Transform and two sided Z Transform.
19. What is the Z-Transform of sequence x(n)=anu(n)?
20. The final value of x(t)=(2+e-3t) u(t) is obviously x(∞)=2.

Long Answer Questions

1. Find the Laplace Transforms of the following functions
a. Exponential function
b. unit step function
 c. sine & cosine
2. Properties of ROC of Laplace Transforms.
3. Consider the following signals, Find Laplace Transform and region of
convergence for each signal.
a) x ( t ) = e-2t u(t) + e-3t u(t)
b) x(t) = e-4t u(t) + e-5t sin 5t u(t)
4. Determine the function of time x(t) for each of the following Laplace Transforms
(a)

(b)
(c)
5. Determine the function of time x(t) for each of the following Laplace Transforms
and their associated region of convergence
(a)

(b)
6. Find the inverse Laplace Transforms of the following functions
(a)
(b)
7. Find the inverse Laplace Transforms of the following functions
(a)

(b)
8. Find the inverse Laplace Transform and initial and final value of a given function

s −1
9. a)Find the Inverse Laplace transform of
s − 6 s + 25
2

b) Find the ROC of left sided functions.

10. Determine the Laplace transform and associated region of convergence and pole-zero
plot for the following function of time x(t)=e2t u(-t)+e3t u(-t)
11. Find the Laplace transform of [4e-2tcos 5t-3e-2tsin 5t]u(t) and its ROC.
12. Find the z-Transform and ROC of the following sequences
i.
ii.
13. Find the z-Transform of the following
a)
b)
c)
14. A finite Series sequence x[n] is defined as x[n]={5,3,-2,0,4,-3}.Find X[z] and its
ROC.
15. Find the z-Transform of the following sequences
a)
b)
c)
16. By first differentiating X(z) and using the appropriate properties of the z-
Transform determine the sequence for which the z-Transform is each of the
following
a)
b)
17. Find the inverse z Transform of when ROC is

a)
b)
18. Using the power Series expansion technique, Find the inverse z-Transform of the
following X(z):

19. Determine the Laplace transform and associated region of convergence

And pole-zero plot for the following function of time
(a) X(t) = t e-at u(t)
(b) X(t) = e-at cos(wt)
20. Determine initial and final value of the system whose transfer function is given as
X(s) = (5s+50) / s(s+5)
21. Find the inverse Laplace transform of
H(s) = 3s+7 / S2-2s-3 Using partial fraction method
22. What are the methods by which inverse Z-transformation can be found out?
23. a)Explain the properties’ of the region of convergence of X(z).
b) Discuss in detail about the double sided and single sided Z-transform. Correlate
Laplace transform and Z-transform in their end use.
24. Find the first 4 terms of causal signal whose z transform is as under
−1
4− z
X ( z) = −1 −2
.
2 − 2z + z
25. State and prove the convolution and scale change properties in z transform.
26. Prove that the final value of x (n) for X (z) = z2/[z-1][z-0.2] is 1.25 and its initial value
is unity.
27. Prove that the sequences x1 (n) =an u (n) and x2 (n) = - an u (-n-1) have the same
X (z) and differ only in ROC. Plot their ROCs.
28. Determine Z transform of following sequence
(a). x[n] = [1,2,3,4,5,0,7}
(b) x[n] = [1,2,3,4,5,0,7]
 29. Determine inverse Z transform by using power series method
X(Z) = 1 / (1-az-1) |z| > |a|
30. Find inverse Z transform of given functions
(a) X(Z) = log (1 /1-az-1)
(b) X(z) = log (1 / 1-a-1z)
31. (a) Given X(Z) = z / (z-1)3 Find x[n] using contour integration method ?
(b) Distinguish between one sided and double sided Z transform ?

UNIT-V
Sampling & Correlation
1. State Sampling theorem.
2. What is meant by aliasing?
3. What are the effects of aliasing?
4. Define Nyquist’s rate.

Long Answer Questions

1. What is the Nyquist’s Frequency for the signal x(t) =3 cos 50t +10 sin 300t – cos100t ?
2. For the analog signal x(t)=3 cos 100πt
a) Determine the minimum sampling rate to avoid aliasing
3. Determine the Nyquist’s rate and interval corresponding to each of the following signal

4. Determine and sketch the auto correlation function of given exponential pulse.
x(t) = e-at u(t).
5. Show that auto-correlation function and energy density spectrum form a Fourier
transform pair.
6. Show that auto-correlation function and power spectral density form a Fourier
transform pair.
7. State sampling Theorem for band-limited signals. Prove the theorem graphically.
What is Aliasing effect?
8. Define Autocorrelation Function and explain its properties ?
9. Define Cross-correlation Function and explain its properties ?
10. Define Energy spectral density and explain its properties ?
11. Define Power spectral density and explain its properties ?
12. Determine the autocorrelation function and energy spectral density of x(t) = e-at u(t).
13. Find the autocorrelation of the signal
x(t) = A sin (  0 t +  )
14. If x(t) = sin  0 t , and
i) R (  ) ii) ESD