Queueing Theory – Solved

Exercise
27th June, 2024
A tailor specializes in ladies’ dresses. The number of
customers approaching the tailor appear to be Poisson
distributed with a mean of 6 customers per hour. The
tailor attends the customers on a first-come, first-
served basis and the customers wait If need be. The
tailor can attend the customers at an average rate of 10
customers per hour with the service time exponentially
distributed.
Required:
a) Find the probability of the number of arrivals ( 0 to 5) during (i) a 15- minute interval, and ( ii) a 30- minute
interval
b) The utilization parameter
c) The probability that the queueing system is idle
d) The average time that the tailor is free on a 10-hour working day
e) The probability associated with the number of customers ( 0 to 5) in the queueing system
f) What is the expected number of customers in the shop?
g) What is the expected number of customers waiting for tailor’s services?
h) What is the average length of queues that have at least one customer?
i) How much time should a customer expect to spend in the queue?
j) What is the expected time a customer would spend in the tailor’s shop?
k) Assuming that n > 0 ( there are customers in the system), what is the probability that the waiting time of a
customer in the queue shall be more than 10 minutes?
l) What is the probability that the waiting time of a customer in the shop shall be more than 15 minutes?
Find the probability of the number of arrivals ( 0 to 5) during
(i) a 15- minute interval, and ( ii) a 30- minute interval
Formula to be used:
−𝑚 𝑚𝑛
• 𝑃 𝑛 𝑐𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒊𝒗𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑑𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑 𝑇 = 𝑒
𝑛!
• 𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒, 𝑚 = λ𝑇
• And 𝑒 = 2.7183
• Donot use Pn = ρn ( 1- ρ ) because this formula is for probability of
having n customers in the system
• Here, we are required to calculate six probability values for
n=0,1,2,3,4, and 5; these six values for two time intervals: (i) T = 15
minutes ( or ¼ hours) and (ii) T = 30 minutes ( or ½ hours)
From the question,
Arrival Rate, λ = 6 per hour
Service Rate, µ = 10 per hour
 𝒎𝒏
Calculating 𝒆−𝒎
𝒏!

(i) T = ¼
(ii) T = ½
λ = 6,
λ = 6,
m = λ x T = 6/4 = 1.5
m = λ x T = 6/2 = 3
• When n = 0, • When n = 0,
𝟏.𝟓𝟎 𝟑𝟎
• P(0) = 𝒆−𝟏.𝟓 × • P(0) = 𝒆−3 ×
𝟎! 𝟎!
= 0.2231 = 0. 0498
𝟏.𝟓𝟏 𝟑𝟏
• When n= 1, P (1) = 𝒆−𝟏.𝟓 × When n= 1, P (1) = 𝒆−3 ×
𝟏! 𝟏!
= 0.3347 = 0.1497
𝟏.𝟓𝟐 𝟑𝟐
• When n =2, P (2) = 𝒆−𝟏.𝟓 × • When n =2, P (2) = 𝒆−3 ×
𝟐! 𝟐!
= 0.2510 = 0.2240
𝟏.𝟓𝟑 𝟑𝟑
• When n =3, P (3) = 𝒆−𝟏.𝟓 × • When n =3, P (3) = 𝒆−3 ×
𝟑! 𝟑!
= 0.1255 = 0.2240
𝟏.𝟓𝟒 𝟑𝟒
• When n =4, P (4) = 𝒆−𝟏.𝟓 × • When n =4, P (4) = 𝒆−3 ×
𝟒! 𝟒!
= 0.0471 = 0.1680
𝟏.𝟓𝟓 𝟑𝟓
• When n= 5, P (5) = 𝒆−𝟏.𝟓 × • When n= 5, P (5) = 𝒆−3 ×
𝟓! 𝟓!
= 0.0141 = 0.1008
(a) Probabilities of Arrivals P (n)
n When T = 15 min , P(n) = When T = 30 min, P (n) =

0 0.2231 0.0498
1 0.3347 0.1497
2 0.2510 0.2240
3 0.1255 0.2240
4 0.0471 0.1680
5 0.0141 0.1008
( b) Utilisation Parameter

Utilisation Parameter is ρ ( Rho)

λ
ρ =
µ
6
=
10
= 0.6
( c ) Probability that the queueing system is idle
We have to calculate the probability that the system is having zero
customers
Formula to be used:
Pn = ρn ( 1- ρ )
P0 = ρ0 ( 1- ρ )
ρ = 0.6

So, P0 = 0.60 × ( 1 – 0.6)

= 0.4
(d) The average time that the tailor is free on a
10-hour working day
Required formula:
Probability that the tailor is free x Total working time
So, P ( tailor is free on a ten-hour working day) =
P0 x No. of Hours
= 0.4 x 10
= 4 hours
(e) The probability associated with the number
of customers ( 0 to 5) in the queueing system
Formula to be used: P2 = 0.62 × ( 1 – 0.6)
Pn = ρn ( 1- ρ ) = 0.144
Calculate P0, P1, P2, P3, P4 and P5 P3 = 0.63 × ( 1 – 0.6)
ρ = 0.6 = 0.0864
P0 = 0.60 × ( 1 – 0.6) P4 = 0.64 × ( 1 – 0.6)
= 0.4 = 0.05184
P1 = 0.61 × ( 1 – 0.6) P5 = 0.65 × ( 1 – 0.6)
= 0.24 = 0.031104
(e) The probability associated with the number
of customers ( 0 to 5) in the queueing system
n Probability, P(n) =

0 0.40
1 0.24
2 0.144
3 0.0864
4 0.05184
5 0.031104
(f) What is the expected number of
customers in the shop?
Required to find out
The Expected number of customers in the system
Formula to be used, 𝐿𝑠 = 1−𝜌 𝜌
ρ = 0.6
0.6
𝐿𝑠 =
1−0.6
= 1.5
(g) What is the expected number of customers
waiting for tailor’s services?
Required to calculate
Expected number of customers in the queue
Formula to be used
𝜌2
𝐿𝑞 = 1− 𝜌

ρ = 0.6
0.62
𝐿𝑞 = 1−0.6
0.36
= 0.4
= 0.9
(h) What is the average length of queues that
have at least one customer?
Required to calculate
The Expected length of Non- empty Queues
Formula to be used:
𝜇
LqI = 𝜇− 𝜆
10
=
10−6
10
=
4
= 2.5
(i) How much time should a customer expect to
spend in the queue?
Required to calculate
Expected waiting time in queue
Formula:
𝜌
𝑊𝑞 =
𝜇− 𝜆
0.6
=
10−6
0.6
=
4
0.15 hours
= 9 minutes
(j) What is the expected time a customer would
spend in the tailor’s shop?
Required to calculate
Expected time spent in the system
Formula:
1
Ws =
𝜇− 𝜆
1
=
10−6
1
= hours
4
= 15 minutes
(k) Assuming that n > 0 ( there are customers in the system), what is
the probability that the waiting time of a customer in the queue shall
be more than 10 minutes?

Required to calculate
Probability that a customer shall wait for more than 10 minutes in the
queue
Formula:
𝑊𝑞 𝑡 = 𝜌 × 𝑒 −𝑡/𝑊𝑠
t = 10 minutes
Ws = 15 minutes
𝑊𝑞 10 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠 = 0.6 × 𝑒 −10/15
= 0.31
(l) What is the probability that the waiting time of a customer in the
shop shall be more than 15 minutes?

Required to calculate
Probability that a customer shall be in the system for more than 15
minutes
Formula:
𝑊𝑠 𝑡 = 𝑒 −𝑡/𝑊𝑠
t = 10 minutes
Ws = 15 minutes
𝑊𝑠 15 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠 = 𝑒 −15/15
= 0.368