SOME SHORT-TRUCKS AND CONCEPT

WORK AND TIME

TOGHTER CONCEPT
QUESTION:01
Anil can do a work in 18 days while Bhaskar can do the same work in 36
days. In how many days can both together complete the work?
Solution:-
➡Part of the work done by Anil in one day = 1/18

➡Part of the work done by Bhaskar in one day = 1/36

➡Part of the work done by both together in one day = 1/18+1/36

Short cut:-

➡Anil’s 1 day’s work = 2

➡Bhaskar’s 1 day’s work = 1

➡Anil & Bhaskar’s 1 day’s work = 3

➡Together, both can complete the given work in = 36/3 = 12 days.

ALONE CONCEPT:
QUESTION:02
Raju can complete a work in 21 days. Raju & Pavan together can complete
the work in 14 days. In how many days Pavan alone can complete the work?
Solution:-

➡Part of the work done by Raju in one day = 1/21

➡Part of the work done by Raju & Pavan together in one day = 1/14
➡Let Pavan alone complete the work in ‘x’ days.

➡Therefore, Pavan takes 42 days to complete the work alone.

Short cut:-

LCM- 42
Raju- 21 days 2
Raju + Pavan – 14 days 3
Pavan- ‘x’ days 3-2=1
➡Pavan alone can complete the given work in = 42/1 = 42 days

Shortcut

Best trick to use in exam by finding the efficiency of workers in percent. If A

can do a job in 2 days then he can do 50% in a day.

Number of days
Work that can be done per Efficiency in
required to complete the
day Percent
work

n 1/n 100/n

1 1/1 100%

2 1/2 50%
 3 1/3 33.33%

4 1/4 25%

5 1/5 20%

6 1/6 16.66%

7 1/7 14.28%

8 1/8 12.5%

9 1/9 11.11%

10 1/10 10%

11 1/11 9.09%

HOW TO APPLY:
EXAMPLE:
A take 5 days to complete a job and B takes 10 days to complete the same
job. In how much time they will complete the job together?
Solution - A's efficiency = 20%, B's efficiency = 10%. If they work together
they can do 30% of the job in a day. To complete the job they need 3.33
days.
HERE IS CASE OF WORK AND TIME PROBLEM
Case 1 - (If a person "A'' can do a job in 3 days)
Case 2 - (If a person "A'' does 2/7th work in one day)

Case 3 - (If a person "A" can do a job in 'a' days and "B" can do it
in 'b' days)

Case 4 - (If a person "A" can do a job in 'a' days & A + B together
can do it in T days)

Case 5 - (If A, B and C are working on a job then (A + B + C)'s

one day work)
One day work of A + B + C = A's 1 Day Work + B's 1 Day Work + C's 1 Day
Work

Case 6 - (If "A" is twice as good worker as B)

In such a case following formula is applied:-
 TIME DISTANCE AND SPEED

AVERAGE SPEED
EXAMPLE:
If the distance between Goa to Delhi is 750 km. A person goes at a speed of
60 km/h and returns at a speed of 40 km/h. Find the average speed.
Solution:

If the distance is different than average speed is:

EXAMPLE:
If the speed of the bus is 30 km/h for the 90 km and 35 km/h for the distance
of 70 km. Find the average distance.
Solution:
To find the time of halts when the speed with stoppages is
a km/h and speed without stoppages b km/h:

EXAMPLE:
EXAMPLE:
A man running on a road without any stoppage at an average speed of 100
km /hr, and he covers the same distance with stoppage at an average speed
of 80 km/hr. How many minutes per hour does boy stop?
Solution:

A man/train leaves from A at x1 AM and reaches Q at x2 AM. Another

man/train leaves from Q at y1 AM and reaches P at y2 PM. They will
meet:

EXAMPLE:
A train leaves from Bombay at 6:30 AM and reaches Jaipur at 10:30 AM.
Another train leaves from Jaipur at 9 AM and reaches Delhi at 12:30 PM.
When they will meet?
Solution:

PERCENTAGES

o X is what percentage of Y= X/Y * 100

o Y is what percentage of X= Y/X * 100
o X is what percentage less than Y= Y-X/Y * 100 ( X is what percent less
than Y means indirectly we can observe Y is greater than X, So we are
subtracting Y(higher value)-X(lower value), denominator depends upon
with which it is compared.
o Y is what percentage more than X= Y-X/X * 100 ( Y is what percent more
than X means indirectly we can observe Y is greater than X, So we are
 subtracting Y(higher value)-X(lower value), denominator depends upon
with which it is compared.
1:
X% of Y = Y% of X
Percentage Increase or Decrease:-
Percentage increase or decrease of a quantity is the ratio expressed in
percentage of the actual increase or decrease of the quantity & the original
amount of the quantity i.e.
Percentage Increase

Percentage decrease

2.
f we have to convert a fraction into % than that number is multiply by
100.
Example
Change 2/5 into percentage.
=2/5×100
=40%

3.

A is % of 'B'.

Example
45 is what % of 54?

=83.33%

4.
If 'X' is a% more than 'Y', then 'Y' is % less than 'X'.

Example

If the salary of Ram is 25% more than shyam's salary. Find how much %
Shyam's salary is less than Ram's salary?

=20%

5.

If 'X' is a% less than 'Y', then 'Y' is % more than 'X'.

Example
If Mohan's height is 10% less than Sohan's height. Find how much % Sohan's
salary is more than Mohan's salary?

11.11%

If the population is 'P' and it is incearsed by 'R%' every year then the
population of village after 'n' years is

Example
If the poputation of a city is 1.2 Lakh and it is increased by 10% every year.
What will be the total population of that village after 2 years?
=145200

7
If the population is 'P' and it is incearsed by 'R%' every year then the
population before 'n' years is

Example
If the poputation of a city is 119025 and it is increased by 15% every year.
What will be the total population of that village before 2 years?

=90000

9.
f the price of a machine is x rs. and it is depriciated by 'R%' every year
then the price of machine after 'n' years is

Example
If the price of a T.v. is 20000 and it is depriciated by 20% every year. What will
be the the price of that T.v. after 2 years?
=12800

10

f the price of any foodstuff is increased by 'a%' then the comsumption of

it will be decreased by % so that the expenses of this item is

remain same.

Example
The price of sugar is increased by 10%. How much % consumption of sugar is
decreased so that the expenditure of sugar is same?

=9.09%

11.
Mohan gave 40% of his money to his wife and gave 20% of the remaining
money to his daughter and he donated half of the amount he left and now he
has only 1500 rs. How much money did Mohan have initially?
Solution:
Let the total money= x

X×60%×80%×50%=1500
X=6250 rs.
12.
n the three sided election A gets 12% of the total votes and remain on 3rd
position, B gets 46% of votes and he wins the election by 1200 votes, C
remains on 2nd position. Find the total votes.
Solution:
Let total votes= X

12% 46% 42%

46%-42%=4%
4%=1200
100%=30000
Total votes = 30000

EXAMINATION QUESTION:
In an examination 33% of total marks are passing marks. 1 candidate gets
150 marks and failed by 48 marks. Find the total marks.
Solution:
Total passing marks= 150+45 =198
33% = 198
100% = 600
Total marks= 600
2.
In an examination 1 candidate got 30% marks and failed by 40 marks another
candidate secure 40% marks and got 40 marks more than the passing marks.
Find the passing marks.
Solution:
X×30%+40= X×40%-40
X×40%-X×30% = 40+40
X×10%=80
X=800
Passing marks = 800×30% + 40
=240+40
=280

REDUCTION:
If the price of petrol increased by 25% and Raj intends to spend only an additional
15% on petrol, by how much will he reduce the quantity of petrol purchased?

SOLUTION:
→Reduction = (% increased - % additional)/ (100 + % increased)
→Reduction in litres = (25-15)/ (100+25) = 8 litres

AVERAGES
1. Common Formula used to calculate average

Ex. What is the average of 10, 11, 13, 15, 18, and 23?
Solution:
Sum of numbers= 10+11+13+15+18+23 = 90
Total numbers = 6
Average = 90/6 =15

2. If the difference between the numbers is consonant or same, like

2,4,6,8 or 3, 6, 9, 12 then

EXAMPLE:
Find the average of 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24.
Solution:
The difference between the numbers is consonant or same.

=14

3. Average of the first ‘n’ consecutive natural numbers is

EXAMPLE:
What is the average of the first 25consecutive natural numbers?
Solution:

=13

2nd Method:
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,.....,20,21,22,23,24,25
Sum of numbers = 325, Total numbers = 25

=13

4. Average of the first ‘n’ natural even number is

EXAMPLE:
What is the average of the first 10 natural even numbers?
Solution:
Average= 10+1 =11

2nd Method:
2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20
Sum of numbers= 110, Total numbers= 10

=11

5. Average of the first ‘n’natural odd numbers is

Average = n

EXAMPLE:
What is the average of the first 8 natural odd numbers?
Solution:
Average = 8
2nd Method:
1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15
Sum of numbers = 64, Total numbers = 8

=8

6. Average of natural even numbers up to ‘n’

EXAMPLE:
What is the average of the even numbers up to 22?
Solution:

Average = 12

2nd Method:
2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22
Sum of numbers = 132, Total numbers= 11

=12

7. Average of natural odd numbers up to ‘n’

EXAMPLE:
What is the average of the odd numbers up to 17?
Solution:

Average = 9

2nd Method:
1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17
Sum of numbers = 81, Total numbers= 9

=9
8. Average of squares of first ‘n’ natural numbers

EXAMPLE:
What is the average of the squares of the first 10 natural numbers?
Solution:
Average= 38.5

2nd Method:
1,4,9,16,25,36,49,64,81,100
Sum of numbers=385, Total number=10

Average= 38.5

9. Average of the cubes of first ‘n’ natural numbers

EXAMPLE:

What is the average of the cubes of the first 6 natural numbers?

Solution:

Average= 73.5

2nd Method:
1,8,27,64,125,216
Sum of numbers=385, Total number=6

Average= 73.5

10. Average of ‘n’ multiple of ‘a’

EXAMPLE:
. What is the average of 6 multiple of 5?
Solution:
Average= 17.5

2nd Method:
5,10,15,20,25,30
Sum of numbers=105, Total numbers=6

Average= 17.5

DIRECT FORMULAS AND SHORT-CUTS

Ques 1.
The average age of 30 boys of a class is equal to 14 yrs. When the age of the class teacher is included the
average becomes 15 yrs. Find the age of the class teacher.

Solution: Total ages of 30 boys = 14 × 30 = 420 yrs.

Total ages when class teacher is included = 15 × 31 = 465 yrs.

∴ Age of class teacher = 465 - 420 = 45 yrs.

Direct formula:
Age of new entrant = New average + No. of old members × increase in average

= 15 + 30 (15 – 14) = 45 yrs.

Ques 2.
The average weight of 4 men is increased by 3 kg when one of them who weighs 120 kg is replaced by
another man. What is the weight of the new man?

Solution: Quicker approach: If the average is increased by 3 kg, then the sum of weighs increases
by 3 × 4 = 12 kg.

And this increase in weight is due to the extra weight included due to the inclusion of new person.
∴ Weight of new person = 120 + 12 = 132 kg.

Direct formula:

Weight of new person = weight of removed person + No. of persons × increase in average = 120 +
12 × 3 = 132 kg.

Ques 3.
The average of marks obtained by 120 candidates in a certain examination is 35. If the average marks of
passed candidates is 39 and that of the failed candidates is 15, what is the number of candidates who
passed the examination?

Ques 4.
The average of 11 results is 50. If the average of first six results is 49 and that of last six is 52, find the
sixth result.

Solution: The total of 11 results = 11 × 50 = 550

 The total of first 6 results = 6 × 49 = 294

The total of last 6 results = 6 × 52 = 312

The 6th result is common to both;

Therefore, Sixth result = 294 + 312 – 550 = 56

Ques 5.
The average age of 8 persons in a committee is increased by 2 years when two men aged 35 yrs and 45
yrs are substituted by two women. Find the average age of these two women.

Ques 6.
The average age of a family of 6 members is 22 years. If the age of the youngest member be 7 yrs, then
what was the average of the family at the birth of the youngest member?
 Ques 7.
A man bought 13 shirts of Rs 50 each, 15 pants of Rs 60 each and 12 pairs of shoes at Rs 65 a pair. Find
the average value of each article.

Ques 8.
The average score of a cricketer in two matches is 27 and in three other matches is 32. Then find the
average score in all the five matches.

Ques 9.
The average of 11 results is 30, that of the first five is 25 and that of the last five 28. Find the value of the
6th number.
 Ques 10.
In a class, there are 20 boys whose average age is decreased by 2 months, when one boy aged 18 yrs is
replaced by a new boy. Find the age of the new boy.

Ques 11.
A batsman in his 17th innings makes a score of 85, and thereby increases his average by 3. What is his
average after 17 innings?

Ques 12.
A cricketer has completed 10 innings and his average is 21.5 runs. How many runs must he make in his
next innings so as to raise his average to 24?