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Norton's Theorem

Theorems

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29 views18 pages

Norton's Theorem

Theorems

Uploaded by

rethabileletsela36
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NORTON’S THEOREM

• Any linear network having two terminals A and B can be


replaced by a current source of current output in parallel
with a resistance Rn .
1. The output I n of the current source is equal to the
current that would flow through AB when A and B are
short-circuited.
2. The resistance Rn is the resistance of the network
measured between A and B with load removed and the
sources of e.m.f replaced by their internal resistances.
Ideal voltage sources are replaced with short circuits and
ideal current sources are replaced with open circuits.
Norton’s Theorem is converse of Thevenin’s
theorem in that Norton equivalent circuit uses
a current generator instead of voltage
generator and the resistance Rn (which is the
same asRTh) in parallel with the generator
instead of being in series with it.
ILLUSTRATION
As far as the circuit behind terminals AB is
concerned [Fig 1], it can be replaced by a
current source I n in parallel with a resistance R.n
' R2 R3 R1R2 R1R3 R2 R3
R R1
R2 R3 R2 R3

' V V R2 R3
Source current , I
R' R1 R2 R1 R3 R2 R3

' R3 V R3
Short circuit current , I n I
R2 R3 R1 R2 R1 R3 R2 R3

In
R1R2
Rn R2
R1 R3
Equivalent circuit for Norton Theorem
The procedure for NORTON’S theorem
Step 1: Open two terminals (i.e remove any load)
between which we want to find Norton
equivalent circuit.
Step 2: Put a short-circuit across the terminals
under consideration. Find the short-circuit
current flowing in the short circuit. I n
Step 3: Determine the resistance between the two
open terminals with all ideal voltage sources
shorted and all ideal current sources opened. Rn
• Step 4:Connect I n and Rn in parallel to produce
Norton equivalent circuit between the two
terminals under consideration.
• Step 5: Place the Load resistor removed in step
1 across the terminals of the Norton equivalent
circuit. The load current can now be calculated
by using current divider rule.
Example 1
• Find the voltage across RL by constructing
Norton equivalent circuit in Fig 5 to the left of
the terminals A and B.

R1 800
R2 200
R3 200
RL 100
Remove the load and short the source

R2 R3 200 200
Rn R1 800 900
R2 R3 200 200
Short the two terminals to determine I n

800 200
R1 R2 160
800 200

RT R3 R1 R2 200 160 360


V 18
IT 0.05 A
RT 360
R2 200
In IT 0.05 0.01A
R1 R2 800 200
Connect, I n , Rn and RL in parallel to get
equivalent circuit

VRL 90 0.01 0.9V

90
Example 2
Determine the Norton equivalent circuit for the
network external to the 6- resistor of the Fig.
bellow
10 6

E 30 0 V 9 6
Remove the Load

Z1 10 j6 11.662 30.964

Z2 j9 9 90
Short the source

Z1 Z 2 11.662 30.964 9 90 104.957 59.036


Zn
Z1 Z 2 10 j 6 j9 10.44 16.699

10.053 42.337
Replace the source and short the two
terminals

30 0
I n I1 2.849 42.337 A
10.053 42.337
R 7.43
XC 6.771

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