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Module 2 (Phrasal Verbs)

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229 views8 pages

Module 2 (Phrasal Verbs)

Uploaded by

safir Lorenzo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Course: Grammar 210 A

Professor: Luis Alberto Ruiz


MODULE 3:
PHRASAL VERBS AND PREPOSITIONAL VERBS:
VERBS: Multi-Word Verbs.
Multi-word verbs are verbs which consist of a verb and one or two particles or prepositions (e.g. up, over,
in, down). There are three types of multi-word verbs: phrasal verbs, prepositional verbs and phrasal-
prepositional verbs. Sometimes, the name ‘phrasal verb’ is used to refer to all three types.

1- PREPOSITIONAL VERBS: (Inseparable)


Prepositional verbs have two parts: a verb and a preposition which cannot be separated from each other:

break into (a house) get over (an illness) listen to

cope with (a difficult situation) get on look after (a child)

deal with (a problem) get off look at

depend on go into look for

do without lead to look forward to

Prepositional verbs and objects


Prepositional verbs always have an object, which comes immediately after the preposition. The object
(underlined) can be a noun phrase, a pronoun or the -ing form of a verb:
Somebody broke into his car and stole his radio.
I don’t like this CD. I don’t want to listen to it any more.
Getting to the final depends on winning the semi-final!
Some prepositional verbs take a direct object after the verb followed by the prepositional phrase.

associate … with remind … of

protect … from rob … of

provide … with thank … for

(do = direct object; po = object of preposition [both underlined])


Hannah reminds [DO]me of [PO]a girlfriend of mine.
How can we protect [DO]children from [PO]dangerous material on the Internet?
I’d like to thank [DO]everyone for [PO]their kindness.

2- PHRASAL VERBS: (Separable)


Phrasal verbs have two parts: a main verb and an adverb particle.
The most common adverb particles used to form phrasal verbs are around, at, away, down, in, off, on, out,
over, round, up:
Example: bring in, go around, look up, put away, take off.
Meaning
Phrasal verbs often have meanings which we cannot easily guess from their individual parts. (The
meanings are in brackets.)
The book first came out in 1997. (was published)
The plane took off an hour late. (flew into the air)
The lecture went on till 6:30. (continued)
It’s difficult to make out what she’s saying. (hear/understand)

Formality
Phrasal verbs are often, but not always, less formal than a single word with the same meaning.
Compare

phrasal verb more formal single word

We need to sort the problem out. We need to solve/resolve the problem.

The team only had an hour


The team only had an hour to put the
to erect/construct the stage before the
stage up before the concert.
concert.

Phrasal verbs and objects


Many phrasal verbs take an object. In most cases, the particle may come before or after the object if the
object is not a personal pronoun (me, you, him, us, etc.).

Compare

(p = particle; o = object [underlined])


particle before the object particle after the object

She brought [P]up [O]three kids all alone. She brought the three kids up alone.

Do you want me to take [P]off [O]my shoes? Come in. Take [O]your coat [P]off.

If the object is a personal pronoun (me, you, him, us, etc.), we always put the pronoun before the particle:
I’ve made some copies. Would you like me to hand them out?
Not: Would you like me to hand out them?
Oh, I can’t lift you up any more. You’re too big now!
Not: I can’t lift up you anymore.
We usually put longer objects (underlined) after the particle:
Many couples do not want to take on the responsibility of bringing up a large family of three or four
children.
We can use some phrasal verbs without an object:

break down get back move in/out

carry on go off run away

drop off hang on set off

eat out join in wake up

Example:
The taxi broke down on the way to the airport and I thought I nearly missed my flight.
We’d better set off before the rush-hour traffic starts.
What time did you wake up this morning?
A good learner’s dictionary will tell you if the phrasal verb needs an object or can be used without one.
Prepositional verbs or phrasal verbs?
Not all phrasal verbs need an object. Prepositional verbs (e.g. listen to, depend on) always have an object
after the preposition:
I’ve got a great new CD. Shall we listen to it?
Not: Shall we listen to?
With phrasal verbs the object can come before or after the particle if the object is not a pronoun. With
prepositional verbs, the object is always immediately after the preposition. (Objects are underlined.)
Compare

Do you always look up every new


word in a dictionary? Phrasal verb: the object can come before
Do you always look every new or after the particle up.
word up in a dictionary?

Prepositional verb: the object is after the


Could you look after my bag while I go
preposition.
and buy the tickets?
Not: Could you look my bag after…

3- Phrasal-prepositional verbs
Phrasal-prepositional verbs have three parts: a verb, a particle and a preposition. The particle and the
preposition cannot be separated. Many of these verbs are often used in informal contexts, and their
meaning is difficult to guess from their individual parts.
Verb + particle + preposition

catch up with get on with look out for

come up against listen out for look up to

do away with look down on put up with

face up to look forward to watch out for

get away with look in on

Ken’s just chatting to a friend. He’ll catch up with us in a minute. (reach, join)
Do you get on with your neighbours? (have a good relationship with)
We look forward to meeting you on the 22nd. (anticipate with pleasure)
Phrasal-prepositional verbs and objects:
The object (underlined below) always comes immediately after the preposition, and not in any other
position:
She was a wonderful teacher. We all looked up to her. (respected)
Not: We all looked her up to. or We all looked up her to.
Some phrasal-prepositional verbs also take a direct object after the verb as well as an object of the
preposition:

fix … up with put … down to put … up to

let … in on take … out on

(do = direct object; po = object of preposition [both underlined])


She fixed [DO]us up with [PO]a violin teacher. We’re really grateful to her. (fixed us up with = arranged
for us)
We just put [DO]the accident down to [PO]bad luck; there’s no other reason. (put down to = think the
cause or reason is)

https://dictionary.cambridge.org/es/gramatica/gramatica-britanica/about-verbs/verbs-multi-word-verbs
SEPARABLE AND INSEPARABLE PHRASAL VERBS

Phrasal Verb Separable or Inseparable Meaning

Ask out Separable To ask someone to go out on a date.

Bring about, bring on Separable To make something happen

Bring up Separable 1) To raise children


2) To raise a topic

Call back Separable Return someone's telephone call

Call in Separable Ask someone into an official place or office

Call off Separable Cancel

Call on Inseparable 1) Ask someone to do something


2) Visit

Call up Separable Call someone on the telephone

Catch up Inseparable To become equal or reach the same level

Check in, check into Inseparable Register at a hotel or travel counter

Check out Inseparable Leave a hotel

Check out of Inseparable Leave a hotel

Cheer up Separable Make someone happy

Clean up Separable Tidy, make clean

Come across Inseparable To find

Cross out Separable Eliminate

Cut out Separable Remove something or stop doing something annoying

Do over Separable Repeat

Drop by Inseparable Visit unexpectedly

Drop in Inseparable Visit unexpectedly

Drop off Separable Leave something somewhere

Drop out Inseparable Stop attending a class

Figure out Separable Understand

Fill out Separable Complete a form

Fill in Separable Complete spaces on a form

Get along with Inseparable Have a good relationship with


Get back from 1) Inseparable 1) Return from somewhere
2) Separable 2) Receive something originally lent to another person

Get in Inseparable Enter

Get off Inseparable Leave a bus, train, airplane

Get on Inseparable Enter a bus, train, airplane

Get out of Inseparable Leave a car

Get over Inseparable Recover

Get through Inseparable Survive

Get up Inseparable Stand up

Give back Separable Return

Give up Separable Stop trying

Go over Inseparable Review

Grow up Inseparable Become an adult

Hand in Separable Give an assignment or project to a teacher

Hang up Separable Replace the telephone in the receiver

Have on Separable Wear

Keep out Separable Not enter

Keep up with Inseparable Stay at the same level

Kick out Separable Ask to leave

Look after Inseparable Take care of

Look into Inseparable Investigate

Look out for Inseparable Watch for

Look over Separable Review

Look up Separable Try to find information

Make up Separable Invent

Pass away Inseparable Die

Pass out 1) Inseparable 1) Faint


2) Separable 2) Distribute

Pick up Separable Lift

Pick out Separable Choose

Point out Separable Identify

Put away Separable Put in the proper place


Put back Separable Return

Put off Separable Delay

Put on Separable Get dressed or dress someone

Put out Separable Extinguish

Put up with Inseparable Tolerate

Run into Inseparable Find or meet

Run across Inseparable Find or meet

Run out of Inseparable Come to the end of something

Show up Inseparable Appear

Show off Separable Demonstrate something of envy

Shut off Separable Stop something from running

Take after Inseparable Be like someone

Take off Separable Remove

Take out Separable 1) Remove


2) Go on a date with someone

Take over Separable Take control

Take up Inseparable Begin

Tear down Separable Demolish or destroy

Tear up Separable Rip into pieces

Think over Separable Consider, ponder

Throw away Separable Discard

Throw out Separable Discard

Throw up Inseparable Vomit

Try on Separable Test

Turn down Separable Reduce

Turn in Separable Go to bed

Turn off Separable Stop a machine

Turn on Separable Start a machine

Turn out Separable Put out a light

Turn up Separable Increase

https://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/courses/elc/Sample/Advanced/gs/gs_04.htm

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