II

f.?l : t \0 ~

NO LOAD AND FULL LOAD CHARACTERISTICS OF SELF

EXCITED DC SHUNT GENERATOR

oate

Airn
0
1ii To obtain the load chractenstics (internal and external , and no load characteristics
Q)
C ited DC shunt generator
Q) of self exc
(!J
,.._
.9ct! APPara tus required
,,...-- I
a5 s .No. Name of the Apparatus Range Type I OtJ
C
<1)
~
(!)
1. Ammeter 0 -10 A MC 1
0
0 2. Ammeter 0 -1 A MC 1
~

3. Voltmeter 0 - 300 V MC 1

'E 4. Rheostat 350 n / 1A 1

~
:3
Q)
Ol
c (..)
1J 5 Theostat 2070 n / 1A 1
.$. _gl ~ 1J Q)
Q)
"iii 0 :5 Q) C.
OJ > (..) iI Cl)
Tachometer
C 1J
6. 1
Q)
1J 1J 1J
Q) Q) Q) Q)
~ $ a.
< >, ni ni ni «i
:r
<ll
a: I- er: er: a: a: 7. Connecting wires 1 set
(!)
< tl)
I
0 E
<ll
1- z
5
u
a:
<3
 ►

22
23
N load test] ocfDURE
Observation [ o P~ ad test
~ 0 10
Field current
SI No Generated EMF ,, (Amps)
(V) 1. The connections are made as per the circuit diagram.

z. The Rheostat in the motor side is kept at minimum resistance position while in the
generator side at maximum resistance position.

3, The DC supply is given to the motor.

4. The motor is started with the help of 3-point starter and the field rheostat of DC
motor is adjusted (increased) until the motor runs at its rated speed.

5. Kept the load switch at open and then the field Rheostat of DC Generator is
Model grap h [ No load test] adjusted step by step and note the field current, and voltage in each step.

occ 6. This procedure is continued until the generator builds up the rated voltage.

7 lot the noload characteristics in the graph such that field current (I,) in X axis and
· :enerated EMF (V) in Y axis.

-Ji=(Amp)

No load characteristics
 25
d tP-St
l.08

connections are made as per the cIrcu,1 diagram

Initially lhf:! DPST switch In QP,nerator side is kept open

3 At the time of switching on the supply the field rheostat should be i<.ept at minimum
reistance posItIon.
Terminal voltage

- ,. rrent A•
= Armature resitance 4. Supply is given and the motor is started wrth the help of 3-ooint starter

Assume Ra = 3n
5 AdJUSting (increasing) the motor held rheostat, motor 1s made to run at rateo speed
I = Shunt field current and this speed should be maintained constant throughout the expenment.
r,11

6.
The generator is excited by adjusting the field rheostat such that the VO\tftleter
reads rated voltage at noload and noload readings are noted.

s
.,•.,rre,,t
....,
Shun: '"
,,eId
current (15 ~ )
Armature
current (Ia)
Generated
voltage
7_ Then closing the load switch and vary the load step by step.

....-;is
I (Amps
) = \ +
(Amps)
Jsh (E9 ) = V + IaRa
Volts
U::::..:'.::.!.__-t--- - ,
8
_ At each load all the meter readings are noted and this test is pertormeo until the
load current reaches the full load current.

9.
Finally the load characteristics curves are plotted between E, V, 1, & (V Vs IL) such
that Ia in X-axis E9 in Y-axis , and IL in x-axis Vin y-axis.
 jiP
27

" (lO,iO te:~lj

U~9~

' Intem al C11aracterlstlcs [Egvsla]

;' _ ~ c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s [Vvs!J

~ ....

- Ii_(amp)
- Ia(amp)
Load characteristics

Result
Model Ce cc'i ti :,n
The noload and load characteristics of D.C. shunt generator is drawn by conducting
noload and load test.
 -
► 29

LOAD TEST ON SELF EXCITED DC SERIES GENERATOR

ex. No,: 9

oate

Aim

G 0
To draw the internal and external characteristics of DC series generator by
conducting load test.

«i
ai ratus required
C APPa
Q)
(!J - s.No. Name of the Apparatus Range
'

Type Qty
I

- Ammeter 0 - 10 A MC 1
1.

2. Voltmeter 0 - 300 V MC 1

3. Rheostat 350 n / 1A - 1

4 Tachometer 1

Fl- 1 rl 'E
5. Connecting wires
I 1
1 set
I
:?::.::4:
:::: ~
-=Lg Q)
'E
:50

)
~ ~ Cl "C
~
.!!J. $ ~ "O (I)
'iij
0 :50 <ii
ii:
(I)
Q.
ii > CJ)
:E C ll. (IJ f- (IJ 'C -0 "O
< ------------
------------ Cl)
Q)
0..
-0
Q) Q) Q)
"C
(I)
tr ii . >- «i ai ca iii
C,
< £!I 60 ~ jZ I a. I- a: a: a: a:
~o~
,_5 E
Cl)

5 as
() z
tr
0
 I()

Armature current 31
IA- 1se IL
procedure
amps

1_ The conn ctions are made as per the circuit diagram.

2 _ The rheo at in the motor side is kept at minimum resistance position.

_ The DC s ;pply is given to the motor.

3

4. The motor~is started with the help of the 3-point starter and the field rheostat of DC
rnotor ;s 1
justed untU the motor runs at rated speed.

s. The gene tor is loaded by closing the DPST switch on load side and vary the load
step by st 3p.

6 _ Al each load note the ammeter and voltmeter readings. The load is varied up to
External (E 9 vs IL) rated curmnt of the Generator.
Internal (V vs IL)
> 7_ Finally the load characteristics curves are plotted between E9 V5 Ia (Internal) &
I (V vs IL) (External) such that Ia in X-axis E in Y-axis, and IL in x-axis, Vin y-axis.
9

Result
The internal and external characteristics of D.C series generator is drawn by
-Ii. conducting load test.

Formulae

Eg = V - fa (R, .,. RJ Assume (Ra + R5e) = 6.Q

2 '• =16(, =IL
where

I/ = Terminal voltage Armature current

1s., = Series field current Ase Series field Reistance

Eg = Generated voltage IL Load current
Ra = Armature resistance Assume (Ra + A5e) = 6.Q
 J2

£1,, :No '. 2, c.a) 33

LOAD TEST ON DC SHUNT MOTOR

,No,: I

ro conduct load test on DC shunt motor and to draw it's characteristics curves.

N
u.- Apparatus required

----
<' Name of Apparatus Range Type Qty
1 -_ l, 1,,~>--
..... ___ ,\ I \ ('-.
....
.9
s.No.
~

0 MC 1
.; - i ~ O'. 2 1.
Ammeter 0 -10 A

-· c:J
.c 0 - 300 V MC 1
Voltmeter
(/) 2.
~ ~
0 ~ 350 0. / 1A 1
Rheostat
I;
3.
6 C:
0 ~
Q)
0) c@ ::i
0
0
(")
CJ
0
~ U)
.s -
·cu
Cl)
!!!
0 -
>
.
::,
'ti ~
~
-~ I
I
4 Tachometer
1
0
"C U:

-
"O I
Q) 'O 'tl
Ctl ~
t. 0
Cl)
a.
>,
2 .El 'ti! I Connecting wires
1 set
..J IU <13 <ti 5.
'ii I- a: a: a:<ll'~
Cl)
E
IU
E z
E
Cl
cu
i5
 35
procedure
connections are n' ade as per the c rcu t d agram

Input Eff,c. err,.,

Before giving su ply to the motor, held rheost.at s lrept at m rumum res stance
powe 2.
0
V.I utput p,;,,1,, position
( ,•1atts)
~.
DC supply is sv✓- ched on from the DC mains and the DC shunt motor ·s started
3
using three-point starter.

The field side rhElostat is adjusted (increased) for gettng rated speed Qi the molor.
4.

No load current and voltage is taken from the ammeter and voltmeter respeciivety.
5.

The motor is sld ly loaded by using brake drum arrangement and tor the different
6.
load voltage , current and spring balance readings are ooted until the motor attains
the rated current.

_ The characteri!Stics curves between output power and current, torque. speed .
7
efficiency are drawn. The curves are drawn such that output power in X axis and
ti.ode Graph
current, torque speed and the efficiency in Y-axis .

Output power (Watts)

_J
 37

formulae
\I\\ ,ltfS
11,pul µc,,t?r
- (S - $ l i,..g
foNt1 \F\
= F X ~ \ ~ 81 N-M
Torq e (Tl
~ - NT watts
Outpt.1 p0,,er = ¾

Speed in rpm
N
Toroue in N-M
· in metre
,. f the brake drum
RaoIus o
R . f the brake drum

= ~
2,-i:

output power x 1oo

Result
Input power The load characteristics of D.C. shunt motor is drawn by conducting load test.

Model Calculation
 f"' >,
LOAD TEST ON DC SERIES MOTOR

oate •

10 conduct a load test on a DC Ser es Mo or a

stiCS curves.
ch<lraten

--
tus required
APPara

s.No. Name of Apparatus Range Type. Q I

L----
f
1. Ammeter 0 • 10 A MC 1
'--1 ...-41
p
r.:, 2. Voltmeter 0-300V MC 1
~
C
('\ N Tachometer 1
3.

4. Connecting wires 1 set

cQ) I I
t:
Q) c ::J
(.)
"O
( ~
O>
~
., 'iii
di
~
0
>
:5(.)
"O
ai
u::
Q)
Q)
a.
Cl)
Proced ure

-0
Q)
-0 "C "C
j 1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.
~
Q) Q)
41
~ iu
C.
>- cu cu cu
ell
<
a: C. I- a: a: a: a: 2. The DC series motor should be started with some amount of load.
Cl 41
-d'. ,,. E
E
I-
~1 z
n, 3. The DC supply is switched on and the motor 1s started using two-point starter.
5
0
a:
0
 41

Efficiency (11) ,,, 1...oa d current d voltage are noted down from the ammeter and voltmeter
ectively an speed 1s noted using tacho meter
output power res P
Input power x 10o

1he ioad to the otor is increased step by step using the brake drum arrangement
5- and t he load c rrent, voltage, spring balance readings and speed are noted down
. he motor ·eaches its rated current.
until t

jhe Chracteristic\s curves between output power and current, torque. efficiency, speed
6- of the rn otor are drawn. The curves are drawn such that output power in X-axis and
t torque , efficiency, and speed in Y-axis.
curren'

Output power (Watts)

 43

~ a 81 Newton
~ - ::,_) \ '.

~ f , R Newton metre

_ speeD ,n rpm
-o-cue in N-m
- in metre
the brake drum
_ Rao ,.1s of
= f the brake drum
c •cumterence o
= - 2,r

X 100

Result
Model Calculation
The load characteristics of D.C. series motor are drawn by conducting \oad test.
 ', r e
SWINBURNE'S TEST

t,10,: '
f:J

10 predetermine the etf1c1ency of a DC mactiine by cor1

required
.APParatu 5
Name of the Apparatus Range T

Ammeter 0· 1A MC
1.

Ammeter 0 • 10 A MC
2.

Voltmeter 0-300V MC
3.

4. Rheostat 350 fl 1A
::::
c
~ Tachometer
:i(.) 5
Q)
a,
c 't)
~ -0 11)
.£9 :5(..) Q) 11)
6. connecting wires
0 u::: a.
> (/)

-0 -0 -0 't)
~
cu a:2
Q) Q)
0. 2 (0 Ill
>, <ll
~ I- a: a: C!
<
a:
(!)
<
0
1-
5
t)
a:
u
 n
dure

pro'• ,he con necUons a,e made asp,,, u,. '"'"' daq,,,.,

aetore g
I2• \ving supply lo the '11oto, l,e d ''••stat shouto be ''Pl at "''"'"'""'
. resistan
ce position .

1
QC supPY is switched on by closing the DPST SWt\ch and I.he lnO\cK 1s started us ng
3. -point starter
three

4
,ne tield re s,stance ,s vaneo unti1 \he motof runs at fateo speeo_
· All t\10 meter readings are noteo arm tabu ateo.
5-

tculat ion
MO del ca
r,put po wer = Vlo

• ~· re resistance
p · ,,rn, ' er loss
' ,- ~ ,.. -::, P.·· = 3(1
, . ;;.JJ "
·iosses at no load - No toad armature c0 PP
,,. 'I = Tota
' ':l"f'.';; NJ ,

• t any load.
ChnstEnt ,:;r;» i r.,r.;rst2" a

A,2 DC ,1u r

Full llla'1 eff t ency

wrBr8
I • l.lr ~ ,,,1•a,~8
_ LiM currt::rit
 F
_ ,.. A.r,:'...i~ ~ ,0...,<:.S - cc,..,s:.art -OSs .,_,1

,r- r--:.rt p;:W-=' - Tc!a .os-ses

_-:c .::,_,c,, .! oad efficiencies are calculated.

3

l_ ~.!s"
2
I/ Ra
,. ''"' "'°' ._ :;a, # - "Full oad armature copper loss+ Constantloss (WJ

..,. -=~ .:a:: -r.~1 ;:,c . e = ~u.l road Output power+ Total losses
. Full road Output power 1oo
F~ ::a:: E''.,.G e--c/ TJ) = ;_;;..:~.;...,_-_,___.--
Full load Input power
x

Similarly 114 toad '2 oad 3/4 load efficiencies are calculated.

I
Assume if IL. is the tu// load current, then the half load current is : and 4
Note:
load current isl and
4 4
~
load current is (-1.)
3/4

Result
The efficiency ol O.C. Machine is determined 'oy conducting Swint,ume's test
 ' _, 0. Ti"
f '){,, . J'I •
51
SPEED CONTROL OF
D.c. SHUNT MOTOR

oste

.,. obtain the various speed of oc h

'o . s unt motor b (
p;eld control method. y a) Armature control method. (b)

ws required
,4ppara
.----
s.No. Name of Apparatus Ran;---
Type Qty -
~

Voltmeter
-- -
1. 0 • 300 A MC 1

2. Ammeter 0 • 1A MC 1

3. Rheostat 350 n / 1A 2

4 Tachometer
1
I I I I

5. Connecting wires

procedure
(a) Armature control method

!fl 1. Made the connection as per the circuit diagram.

'iii
,, 1D 2. Start the motor with the help of three point starter.
Cl)
; 3. The field rheostat of motor is adjusted until the motor runs at rated speed.
0 a. Cl) ~ Cl)
a.
Cl)
E 4. Then adjust the armature side rheostat step by step and note the speed, and
cu
z
armature voltage (V) in each step. (In this method below normal speed is obtained)
 control method
field
(i,) mature side rheostat, and the
1
1. ,he Ar ected from the circuit The Vo trneter connected across the armature are.
I rnclMOd
ature conlrO - disconn · n connect the 'A' point of the 3 point starter 1s
Arm iolt1tgC
speed . ctlY connected to the armature terminal A of the m t
,ArnlllfUIG (RPM) dire , oor.
s.No t' ) 1 ofts ,hen switch on the supply.
z,
start the motor with the help of three point starter.
3.
5t
4. ,he field rheo at of motor is adjusted until the motor runs at rated speed.

,hen adjust the field rheostat step by step and note the speed and field current in
5.
each step.

(In this method above normal speed is obtained.)

Field control method

Aesutt .
Field current Speed
S.No. The spe ed of D .C. Shunt Motor is obtained by Armature control method and Field
(I,) amps (RPM)
con trol method.